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10th Monitoring Network Meeting, 10th – 12th June 2015
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Session 3: Permit Requirements under the Three Objectives
of Conformance, Containment and Contingency
Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution
and Maritime Disaster for Offshore
CO2 Storage in Japan
Jun Kita
Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project
Tomakomai City
Tomakomai
• Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry (METI)
• Japan CCS Co., Ltd.
http://www.japanccs.com
• 100,000 tonnes/year or more
CO2 is to be stored under the
seabed.
• CO2 injection will start in 2016
and continued to 2018.
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Nagaoka
Regulation for EIA of offshore CO2 storage in JAPAN
Offshore CO2 storage and London Protocol
London Protocol
• London Convention: An agreement to control pollution
of the sea by dumping.
• 1996 Protocol: The Parties are obligated to prohibit the
dumping of any waste or other matter that is not listed in
Annex 1 (the reverse list).
• Adopted on 2006: Carbon dioxide streams may only be
considered for dumping, if disposal is into a sub-seabed
geological Formation”
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Regulation for EIA of offshore CO2 storage in JAPAN
Act for the Prevention of Marine Pollution and
Maritime Disasters
• May 2007: The act was amended for permit procedure
on dumping CO2 stream into sub-seabed formation.
Operator of Offshore CO2 storage,
• Shall receive permission from environment minister.
• Shall implement Environmental Impact Assessment.
• Shall monitor surrounding sea environment.4
Permit application of Offshore CO2 storage in the Act
• Project plan
• Monitoring Plan
• Preliminary Assessment Document
“Estimation of CO2 dispersion and its impact
assessment on the assumption that stored CO2 leaks
out to the sea”
Demonstration Project
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Generic criteria for monitoring
• Conformance
Agreement between observed and predicted
behavior of CO2
• Containment
Proving storage performance in terms of security of
CO2 retention
• Contingency
In terms of leakage quantification and
environmental impacts
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Monitoring requirements in the Act
Conformance
• Characteristic features of CO2 stream*
• Waste quantity*
• Injection pressure/rate*, Pore pressure
Containment
• CO2 distribution in reservoir**
Contingency
• CO2 leakage into marine environment**
* Injection phase only
** Large-scale monitoring
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Conformance
• Characteristic features of CO2 stream
CO2 concentration and impurities
• Waste quantity
Actual achievement at injection facility
• Injection pressure/rate, Pore pressure
Injection/observation well, Simulation
Containment
• CO2 distribution in reservoir
Seismic prospecting, Simulation
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Contingency
• Marine environment
CO2 leakage
Comparing data between baseline and after-the-fact
• Chemical aspect
CO2 concentration in seawater
• Biological aspect
Distribution of marine organisms
Ecosystem
• Maritime aspect
Fisheries, Natural reserve
Tiered Monitoring Plan in the Act
• Normal time monitoring
No indication of leakage
Distinguish leakage signal from natural variability
• Suspicious time monitoring
Possible leakage
Confirm existence or non-existence of leakage
• Abnormal time monitoring
Assured leakage
Determine point and extent of leakage and impact
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Summary
• Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime
Disaster stipulate permit application of Offshore CO2
storage in Japan
• Monitoring for conformance and containment can be
achieved by BAT
• Monitoring of CO2 leakage is the major concern
• Tiered approach for leakage detection is required
• Leakage detection and quantification bear technical
improvements
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Thank you for your attention.
Any questions?