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Verbs, Verbs, Verbs
Action Verbs
Linking Verbs
(also: auxiliary, transitive, intransitive)
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Two, 2, dos, deux, zwei, ni, ,
action
linking
There are ONLY twokinds of verbson the planet. They are:
(tutu)
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All real verbs are eitheraction or linking. There are
other verby things(auxiliary/helping verbs,
verbals), but they are not trueverbs. We will discuss theselater.
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Action Verbs
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Action Verbs
express either mental or physical activity
The dogs barked all day.
He thought about the day.
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Action Verbs
may be transitive or intransitive
(more on this later just note it for now)
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Linking Verbs
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Linking Verbs
express a state of being
connect (or link) the subject to a word orword group that identifiesor describesthesubject
My teacher is cranky.
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Linking Verbs
never have objects
ALWAYS intransitive
(more on this later just note it for now)
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Action or Linking Verb?
We celebrated the Chinese NewYear yesterday.
The holiday is usually in February.
We celebrated the Chinese New Yearyesterday.
The holiday is usually in February.
action
linking
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Action or Linking Verb?
John looked tired.John looked through the binoculars.John looked tired.John looked through the binoculars.
action
linking
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Action or Linking Verb?
Remain in your seats until the end ofclass.
Remain calm.
Remain in your seats until the end ofclass.
Remain calm.
action
linking
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Handy Tip for Linking Verbs
Linking verbs are like the equal signs oflanguage. (=)
Any verb that can be replaced with is, am,are, be, become, or becomesto create asentence with nearly the same meaning isa linking verb.
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Action or Linking Verb? Your Turn!
Any verb that can be replaced with is, am,are, be, become, or becomesto create asentence with nearly the same meaning
is a linking verb.
The sky looks blue.
I walked home.
Our teacher seemed crazy.
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Auxiliary/Helping Verbs
auxiliary just means helping
WARNING: Auxiliary verbs do notfunction as verbs. They HELP the
main verb.
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Auxiliary/Helping Verbs
be
am
isare
was
were
(sing to the tune of Jingle Bells for a handy mnemonic)
been
being
hashave
had
do
did
doescan
could
shall
will
would
shouldmay
might
must
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Auxiliary/Helping Verbs
help the main verb express action or astate of being
canspeak
maybe
has beennamedshould have beencaught
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Auxiliary Verbs Verb Phrase
A verb phrasehas one main verb
and one or more auxiliary verbs
Many people in Africa canspeakmore than one language.
The packages maybe at 401 MapleStreet.
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Verb Phrase Math
auxiliary verb(s) + main verb = verb phrase
There may be more than oneauxiliaryverb in a verb phrase. There is only one
main verb in a verb phrase. It is always theLAST WORD in the verb phrase. The mainverb is either action (speak, named, caught)or linking (be).
canspeakmaybe
has beennamedshould have beencaught
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Auxiliary Verb or Main Verb?
I am a teacher.
I am writing a letter.
We are hungry.
The girls are playing ball.
The highlighted words can function as main verbs or auxiliaryverbs. Can you tell which job each is doing?
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Auxiliary Verb or Main Verb? Your Turn!
Make your own examples using each ofthese words in two ways: 1) as a main verband 2) as an auxiliary verb in a verb phrase.
was
does
have
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Auxiliary Verb or Main Verb? Your Turn!
was does have
I was a track star.
I was running quickly. She does the dishes.
She does hear you.
They have influenza.
They have been cured.
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Handy Tip for Verb Phrases
Sometimes a verb phrase is interrupted byanother part of speech, like an adverb. Ina question, the subject often interrupts the
verb phrase.
Our school hasalwaysheld a victorycelebration when our team wins.
DidyouhearJamie Foxxs speech?
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Transitive and IntransitiveTransitive and Intransitive
Its all about transfer of action to
an object.
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Handy Tip
Since transitive/intransitive verbsdeal with whether or not actionpasses from the subject to an
object, always start with labelingthe subject and verb in the
sentence.
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Transitive Verbs
express an action directed toward a person, a
place, a thing, or an idea (a.k.a., nouns)
The action passes from the doer (the subject) to
the receiver of the action.
The words that receive the action of transitiveverbsdirectobjects always nouns
Transitive verbs can only be action verbs.
Linking verbs are NEVER transitive.
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Transitive Verbs: Examples
Derrick greeted the visitors.
Derrick greeted whom? The action (greeted)
passes from the subject (Derrick) to the object
(visitors).
When will Felicia paint her room?
Felicia will paint what? The action (will paint)passes from the subject (Felicia) to the object(room).
S av
S avaux. v
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Intransitive Verbs
express action or tell something about the
subject without the action passing to areceiver, or object
Intransitive verbs may be either action
or linking verbs.
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Intransitive Verbs: Examples
The train stopped.
The train stopped what? There is nothing in thesentence to say what the train stopped (i.e.,there is no object). There is no transfer ofaction.
Last night we ate on the patio.
We ate what? There is nothing in the sentenceto say what we ate (i.e., there is no object). Wedid not eat some on the patio. This is a
prepositional phrase telling wherewe ate, not
what. There is no transfer of action.
S av
S av
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Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn!
The children play checkers.
The children play quietly.
Mr. Lopez is baking bread.
Mr. Lopez is baking this afternoon.
Have Roland and Tracy left their coats?
Have Roland and Tracy left yet?
1) Label subject & verb. 2) Is the verb action or linking? If linking, itcannot be transitive. If action, go on to step 3. 3) Say, Subject, verb
WHAT? If there is a noun that receives the action, it is transitive.
T iti I t iti ? Y T !
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Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn!
The children play checkers.
The children play WHAT?Checkers is a noun telling whatthey play, so play is transitive.
The children play quietly.
The children play WHAT? Quietlyis not a noun and it is not whattheyplay (it is howthey play), so play
is intransitive.
S av
S av
T iti I t iti ? Y T !
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Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn!
Mr. Lopez is baking bread.
Mr. Lopez is baking WHAT? Breadis a noun and it tells whathe isbaking, so is baking is transitive.
Mr. Lopez is baking this afternoon.
Mr. Lopez is baking WHAT? Thisafternoon is notwhatMr. Lopez isbaking (it tells when), so is baking is
intransitive.
S av
S avaux. v
T iti I t iti ? Y T !
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Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn!
Have Roland and Tracy left theircoats?Roland and Tracy have left WHAT?
Coats is a noun and it tells whattheyleft, so have left is transitive.
Have Roland and Tracy left yet?Roland and Tracy have left WHAT?
Yet is notwhatthey left (it tells
when), so have left is intransitive.
S avSaux. v
S avSaux. v
T iti I t iti ? Y T !
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Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn!Label the subjects and verbs in these sentences.
Tell whether the verbs are transitive orintransitive.
Melanie ate a baked potato.Hector and Tom are reading.
They painted the house.Did you carry his suitcase?
M l t i kl