.
(1)
( GCs)
GCsGCs
GCs
GCs
GCs1)
GCs 2)
GCs 3)
GCs
(2)GCs
GCs
GCs
53)
(province)(region) (city)
(barangay)Subdivision
Subdivision GCs(3)
2 GCs3 GCs
4 GCs(HOA: Home Owners Association)
GCs5
. GCs
(1)
4/5
4)
1946
(National Urban Planning Commission: NUPC)
1950NUPC
A Study on the Actual Conditions of Gated Communities in Metro Manila
*, **, **Maasa Kawahara*, Masato Dohi** and Sanae Sugita**
This study aims to clarify the actual conditions of the gated communities (GCs) in Metro Manila, Philippine. Interviews were conducted on the Home Owners Associations, local governments, and developers in Metro Manila. As a result, the followings were made clear. 1. GCs are categorized into 2 types by the security level and 5 types by the relationship to the main roads and neighbors. 2. Residents, developers and local governments regard the merit of GCs as safety and demerit of GCs as traffic problems. 3. The development of gated communities weaken public sphere which is composed of public space and public system.
Keywords: Metro Manila, Gated Communities, Home Owners Association, ownership, management
* Tokyo Metropolitan Government** Tokyo Institute of Technology
-1
(NUPC)
(NPC)
(MMC)
(MMA)
(MMDA)
Master Plan for Manila
Toward the City of ManilaRegional Development
Framework Plan
Toward A HumaneWorld-Class Metropolis
1945
1946
1950
1975
1986
1990
1995
1954
19761983
1996
- 139 -
24.
(National Planning Commission: NPC) NPC 1954
5)
1975(Metropolitan Manila Commission:
MMC) 1976 1983MMC
(1)
1990 MMC(Metro Manila
Authority: MMA) MMA
1995MMA
(Metropolitan Manila Development Authority: MMDA)1996
(2)
( )
(Relocation)
(Resettlement)
1970 (Slum Improvement Program)
78 27,4006)
('65.12 '86.02)
7)
1992
(Urban Development Housing Act: UDHA) 1993
98 (National Shelter Program: NSP)UDHA
8)(2)
(3) 9)
2001 200456.08 121.66
20052010
. GCs
(1)GCs
GCs (
-2
(PHC)
(NHC)
(PHHC)
(TFHS)
(MHS)
(HSC)
PD957
BP220
(HSRC)
(HUDCC)
(HLURB)
(UHDA)
(NSP)
1993 1998
(NHA)
1938
1945
1947
1973
1975
1976
1978
( )
1982
1986
1992
-3
880,000 493496[56.08%] 780,191 68.10%
320,000 389327[121.66%] 365,282 31.88%
- - 195 0.02%
1,200,000 882824[73.57%] 1,145,668 100.00%
1p( ) 2.5 (2007 12 )
-1 GC (3)
- 140 -
-1) GCs1948
Makati Forbes Park (4) MakatiGCs 60
GCs 10)
70 8080 90
(5)
11) Quezon(6)
(2) GCs
MakatiMandaluyong Manila Pasig Quezon San Juan
(7)
(8) 2007 10 11
GC ( -2)GCs
( -3) 4 (9)
GC (10) 316Quezon 266
Mandaluyong 4 Manila 2 San Juan 6 Manila 2
GCs 218Quezon
3Makati
Pasig QuezonGCs
GCs MakatiQuezon
GCsQuezon
GCs(1)
Makati
GCs
GCs(11)
(3)
Makati -2 GCs
( ) GC
( )
(4)
(7)
(2)
(11)
(4)
(24)
(23)
(12)(11)
(2)
(2)
(3)
-3 GC (12)
GCs
1
2
GC GCs GCsGCs
GCs
Makati 8 5 0 13
Mandaluyong 1 0 2 4
Manila 0 0 2 2
Pasig 6(1) (1) (2)
Quezon 6(15) (16)
San Juan 0 0 3 6
0
1
0
12
(1)
3
4521
(16)32
(18)
GC
GCs I II III I II III I II III I II III
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
10
27
3
40
0
1
0
2
0
0
3
8
0
0
0
2
0
10
0
1
0
5
3
0
9
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
5
0
0
0
26
0
31
0
0
0
1
160
0
161
0
0
0
0
10
0
10
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
4
17
3
27
0
0
1
0
1
0
2(1)218
29 21120
2 5 25
266
316
(1)
1
2
GC GCs GCsGCs
GCs
Makati 8 5 0 13
Mandaluyong 1 0 2 4
Manila 0 0 2 2
Pasig 6(1) (1) (2)
Quezon 6(15) (16)
San Juan 0 0 3 6
0
1
0
12
(1)
3
4521
(16)32
(18)
GCGC
GCs I II III I II III I II III I II III
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
10
27
3
40
0
1
0
2
0
0
3
8
0
0
0
2
0
10
0
1
0
5
3
0
9
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
5
0
0
0
26
0
31
0
0
0
1
160
0
161
0
0
0
0
10
0
10
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
4
17
3
27
0
0
1
0
1
0
2(1)218
29 21120
2 5 25
266
316
(1)
- 141 -
Quezon 2
( -4) barangay ( -4)2 barangay barangay14[ /ha] barangay 1,229[ /ha]
100
GCs barangay barangayMakati 82[ /ha]
320[ /ha] Quezon 132[ /ha]
209[ /ha] Quezon Makati( -4) Makati
GCs barangay 99[ /ha]barangay Quezon
Makati GCs barangayMakati 99[ /ha]
GCs200 299[ /ha]
barangay Makati194[ /ha] Quezon 168[ /ha] Quezon
GCsbarangay Makati
2 GCs(2) GCs
.GCs
(1)
GCsGCs
GCs HOA( -5)
(2)GCs
(open market housing:
)(medium cost
housing:p2,000,0004,000,000)
PD(Presidential Decree)957 HLURB(Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board)
GCs
( -6)
(3)GCs
GCs
GCs
HOA-4 2 barangay
-5
Quezon MakatiParanaque
MMDA Metropolitan ManilaDevelopment Authority
/GCs /GCs
/
4 (3 1 )
2007 10 11
Portland Trading
and Realty Inc.
Filinvest
/ GCs
/ GCs
/GCs /
2
GC
2007 10 11
Makati
(1 1 )
/HOA
/ GCs / GCs
/ HOA
HOA GCs
5 14 18
2 6 9
Quezon (5 8 )
Caloocan (2 2 )
3 8 9
Cainta (2 3 )
Bacoor (3 3 )
Tagaytay (1 1 )
2007 10 11
Quezon MakatiParanaque
MMDA Metropolitan ManilaDevelopment Authority
/GCs /GCs
/
4 (3 1 )
2007 10 11
Portland Trading
and Realty Inc.
Filinvest
/ GCs
/ GCs
/GCs /
2
GC
2007 10 11
Makati
(1 1 )
/HOA
/ GCs / GCs
/ HOA
HOA GCs
5 14 18
2 6 9
Quezon (5 8 )
Caloocan (2 2 )
3 8 9
Cainta (2 3 )
Bacoor (3 3 )
Tagaytay (1 1 )
2007 10 11
Makati
Quezon
(ha)
( /ha)
444,867
2,240.55
194
2,173,831
12,921
168
GCs
barangay
GCs
barangay barangay
93,200
1,142
82
903,778
6,838
132
351,667
1,099
320
1,270,053
6,083
209
1,201
1,229
14
25
(ha)
( /ha)
barangay
25,815 3,420
21.50 252.66
11,714 4,383
178.009.53
Quezon
Makati
0 2000m1000
-4 2
-6 PD957
- 142 -
HOAGCs
( -7) GCs
GCs
(4)
HLURB( )
HLURB
HLURBGCs
MMDAGCs
HOA
HOAHOA
GCs
(5)GCs
Barangay Office( ) HOA
HOA
(6)
GCs
GCs
GCs
(Q: Quezon, Ma: Makati, P: Paranaque, MM: MMDA)
Filinvest, Portland Trading and Realty Inc.
.
1940GCs
HOA
QuezonHOA
Makati
HOA
Barangay HOA
ParanaqueHOA
HOA
MMDA
HOA Barangay GCs
GCs
Q.Ma.MM
Q.Ma
Ma.P
P
MM
Ma
Ma
Ma.P.MM
Q.Ma
Q
MM
Ma
(
) P
GCs
GCs
-7
-9 GCs
13 9
10 7
9 4
9 2
-5
-8 GCs
MMDA
HLURB
( )
( )
( ) ()
GC
-10 GCs
-
-
-
-
HOA
(MERALCO)
( )
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-(MERALCO)
( )
-
-
-
-
HOA
(MERALCO)
( )
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-(MERALCO)
( )
- 143 -
GCs HOA
GCs
GCs
HOAGCs
.
GCs4
GCsGCs
GCs
HOAGCs
GCs
GCs
(1)1986 2
(2) 6) UDHA 5 1820
(3)Makati 10) Quezon QUEZON CITY COMPLEHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN 2000 (HLURB)
GCs
3.27% 12.51% 13.24%(4) 3) Manila
Ayala
EHS GCs Forbes ParkEHS GCs
GCs(EHS=Exclusive Habitation System)
(5)HOAGCs GCs
80 90(6) -1
Quezon
(7) GC 1) 3)3)Subdivision
HLURB(Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board) Manila 17
1940 1993 Subdivision 1,125 GC597 1) 1940 1993
3) Subdivision 1,784 GC905 1994
2001 HLURB license to sell2
GC1940 1993
1)1994 HLURB (license to sell)
GC Subdivision (Subd.) PD957
Open Market (OM) Medium Cost Housing (MCH)Lot House/ Lot
(Phase 1 2 3) 1 GC Subdivision
Subdivision (Subd.) BP220
Economic Housing (EH) Socialized Housing (SH) Lot House/ Lot
GC 2006 340 (2001 328)
(8) (7) 1994 GCsSubdivision Subdivision
GCs 591993 GCs
GCs281257
( METRO MANILA CITIATLAS ,Accu-Map)
(9) GC Quezon2
(10) 8) GCs(11) GCs
GCs
GCs(12)
GCsGCs
1) (2005), Gated Communities in Metro Manila: An Empirical Analysis on Living Conditions and Social Functions ,
2) (2004), Perceived Living Condition in the Gated Community in Metro Manila , ,No.39-3
3) (1997),, ,pp517-522
4)History of Town Planning in the Philippine; 2
Lecture of Associate Professor Roque Arrieta Magno, UP-SURP and Commissioner, Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, 2002The Journal of Asian Studies, Volume 31, No.4, August 1972
5)[www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/sp/jp/general/pdf/04_Philippines/04_02_jp.pdf -]
6) (2001), [4] , ,pp2467) 6), pp2478) 6), pp2519) 2004-201010)BRIEF BACKGROUND OF THE VILLAGES (Makati )11)
- 144 -