ANIMAL HEALTHUNIVERSITY COMPLUTENSE, MADRID
Prof. José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaí[email protected]
www.sanidadanimal.info
Emerging Vector borne Viral DiseasesNetherlands, November 2008
Control and eradication
RREFERENCE EFERENCE LLABORATORYABORATORY
AHS. Some different
AHS TOOLS
-0,5
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Cycle number
Fluo
resc
ence
10exp-1
10exp-1
10exp-1
10exp-2
10exp-2
10exp-2
10exp-3
10exp-3
10exp-3
10exp-4
10exp-4
10exp-4
10exp-5
10exp-5
10exp-5
10exp-6
10exp-6
10exp-6
10exp-7
10exp-7
10exp-7
VECTORS
VACCINE
Samples.
Culicoides identification, capture and distribution
Good diagnosis techniques
Agüero et al., 2002
Fernández, et al., 2006, 2008
Agüero et al., 2006Rodriguez et al 2007, 2008
••LIVE MODIFIED (MONOLIVE MODIFIED (MONO-- POLY) POLY) (Blackburn, 1987; (Blackburn, 1987; HouseHouse, 1993), 1993)
••IINACTIVATED NACTIVATED (S4(S4) ) ((HouseHouse y col; 1994; y col; 1994; LaviadaLaviada y y col.1995)col.1995)
••RRECOMBINANTSECOMBINANTS (Mart(Martííneznez--TorrecuadraTorrecuadra y col, 1996)y col, 1996)
InactivatedInactivatedDIVADIVA
LivesLives RecombinantRecombinantDIVADIVA
AHSV VACCINES
Arbovirus,
Fam. Reoviridae
MORTALITY70-95%
VIRAEMIA:
4-8 DAYS
18 DAYS
INFECTIOUS BUT NOCONTAGIOUS DISEASE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
MORTALITY:
MULES: 50%
DONKEYS: 10%
VIRAEMIA: 28 DAYS
Proteínas menoresinternas
Proteínas de la cápside
interna
VP2
VP5
VP7
VP3
VP1
VP4
VP6
Proteínas dela cápsideexterna
NS1
NS2
NS3
Genoma
Proteínas no estructurales Proteínas
Proteínas de la
VP2
VP5
VP7
VP3
VP1
VP4
VP6
Proteínas de
NS1
NS2
NS3
Genoma
Proteínas no estructurales Proteínas
menoresinternas
Proteínas de la cápside
interna
VP2
VP5
VP7
VP3
VP1
VP4
VP6
Proteínas dela cápsideexterna
NS1
NS2
NS3
Genoma
Proteínas no estructurales Proteínas
Proteínas de la
VP2
VP5
VP7
VP3
VP1
VP4
VP6
Proteínas de
NS1
NS2
NS3
Genoma
Proteínas no estructurales
Prote
ínas
est r
uc t
ur a
les
Etiology
Molecular StructureMolecular Structure
RNA
Differential diagnosis
serotype
AHSV serotypesAHSV serotypes
Nine different serotypes
In the mediterranean countries:
Setrotypes 9 (1966) and
4 (1987-1990)
Historical DistributionHistorical Distribution
BUT……
http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/diseases/controlmeasures/bluetongue_restrictedzones-map.jpg
Source: FAO
2007
Serotype 2Nigeria ySenegal
Serotype 7Senegal
Serotype 4Kenya
AHSV OUTBREAKS
2008
EtiopíaSerotipo 2
CLINICAL PICTURESCLINICAL PICTURES
RESPIRATORY FORM
CARDIAC FORM
OEDEMA OF LUNGSHYDROPERICARDIUMSUBCUTANEUS GELATINEEPICARDIA AND ENDOCARDIA
N
EW
S
Routes of AHS introduction
Animal trade
Transport
Wind
Contaminated vaccines
Source: http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/04_03/1DustCloudAP_468x312.jpg
Dust transportationshort distances….
The amount of Culicoides that can beamount of Culicoides that can be
carried by the windcarried by the wind.
Source: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=2164
…and long distances
The amount of amount of CulicoidesCulicoides that can be that can be
carried by the windcarried by the wind.
DREAM: Dust REgional Atmospheric Model
Source: http://www.bsc.es/projects/earthscience/DREAM/
Figure 1. Coverage of DREAM Figure 2. Example of DREAM output
Origin, Altitude, Quantity, Destination
The amount of Culicoides that can be amount of Culicoides that can be
carried by the windcarried by the wind.
Source: http://www.bsc.es/projects/earthscience/DREAM/
Modeling the number of Culicoides transported by the wind
0.5 microgram
Source: SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE
0.1 to 10 microgramBarnum et al. 2004
0.73 to 6.1 microgramPerez et al. 2006
The amount of Culicoides that can beamount of Culicoides that can be
carried by the windcarried by the wind.
Analysis of 5680 outputs5680 outputs (daily prediction of dust deposition into Europe from 2004 to 2007)
Source: http://www.bsc.es/projects/earthscience/DREAM/
The amount of Culicoides that can beamount of Culicoides that can be
carried by the windcarried by the wind.
20022002--20062006
Analysis: Kernel density
surface concentration of dust (ug/m3)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Dust in Baleares Outbreaks in Baleares Outbreaks in TunisiaOutbreaks in Argelia Outbreaks in Morrocco PrecipitationT_max_abs T_min_abs
BTV introduction in Balearic Islands
BTV introduction in Andalucía
0
10
20
30
40
50
Dust Andalucía Outbreaks Andalucía Tunisia Outbreaks Argelia Outbreaks
Morrocco outbreaks T_min_abs T_max_abs precipitation
Conclusion
• Culicoides (BTV+) most likely are carried by the wind from N. Africa to Spain
• Outbreaks in Argelia or Tunisia risk of introduction by the wind in the Balearic Islands
• Outbreaks in Morocco risk of introduction by the wind in Andalucía.
AHS IN SPAIN. A REVIEW
June 1987
HISTORY OF AHS IN SPAIN HISTORY OF AHS IN SPAIN
20022002--20062006
Analysis: Kernel density
surface concentration of dust (ug/m3)
MODELIZATION. BT MODEL.
vector
:
TminTminminTmax
Altitud
Humedity
Precipitation
Permeability1) no2) Low3) Midium4) High
Vegetation
N
EW
S
InsignificantLow.Moderate.High
Martínez et al., 2003
19901990
19881988
19871987
Andalucía
AHS in SPAIN IIAHS in SPAIN II
1.493 Animals died
AHS, 1987
Virus: No well Know
Poor Diagnosis: (CF, SN)
Live Vaccine
Location of Vectors: Unknow
Live attenuatedProphylaxis:Live vaccines are good forthe Control diseases but not for eradication.Inactivated vaccines are better
Good and fast diagnostictechniques: Differential
AHS ERADICATION PROGRAMME 87-90AHS ERADICATION PROGRAMME 87-90
POLIVALENT
MONOVALENT (S 4)
INACTIVATED (S4)
Study of the climatic factors in the areaStudy of the climatic factors in the area
Vector is present all through the year in the area
Vector cycle is interrupted in cold areas
AHS ERADICATION PROGRAMMEAHS ERADICATION PROGRAMME
Inmovilization of equidae and all equine contact prohibited
Sacrifice or isolation of sick animals(animals who survives are not carrier)
Control of vectors
Vaccination of all the equine population
Other key points of AHS eradication success
Estimación de variación de Tª por encima de 2080
Cambios de Tª respecto al periodo 1961-1990
Fuente EEA, IPPC
0.5 microgram
Source: SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE
0.1 to 10 microgramBarnum et al. 2004
0.73 to 6.1 microgramPerez et al. 2006
The amount of Culicoides that can beamount of Culicoides that can be
carried by the windcarried by the wind.
WHAT CANWHAT CAN WE DO?WE DO?
http://rasve.mapa.es/Publica/Formacion/curso/index.html
Research need
•Diva Multi-serotypes vaccine.
Identification of vector trasmitting in Europe(C. Obsoletus, C.Pulicaris ????).
Duration of virus infectivity in all afectedspecies. Other animal reservoir
Understanding of Orbivirus persists betweenyears.
Risk Analysis and Modelling
BANK VACCINE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
RREFERENCE EFERENCE LLABORATORYABORATORY