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A K 47 ASSAULT RIFLE
Kalashnikov AK-47 and AKM assault rifles (USSR)
Kalashnikov AK (the original AK-47 with combination stamped / milled receiver)
Modified AK (1!! man"fact"re)# with machined receiver$ %ote the distinctive
machined c"ts above and forward of the maga&ine well$
1
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A"tomat Kalashnikova Moderni&ed - AKM assa"lt rifle# with the m"ltip"rpose
ba'onet-knife$ %ote that the stamped receiver has small indents above the maga&ine
instead of the machined c"ts on the earlier AK models$
AKM - AKM with folding b"ttstock
AKM with *-+! 4,mm "nder barrel grenade la"ncher
General description:
+
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he original AK was also known as the AK-47$ .t was a gas-operated# selective-
fire weapon$ ike all 7$0+-mm Kalashnikov assa"lt rifles# it fired the oviet 7$0+ 2-
mm M142 ro"nd and "sed a standard 2,-ro"nd c"rved bo maga&ine$ he AK came
in two versions3 one with a fied wooden stock# and another# the AK# with a folding
metal stock iss"ed primaril' to parach"tist and armor troops$ cept for the
differences in the stock and the lack of a tool kit with the AK# the two version wereidentical$ he earl' AKs had no ba'onet# b"t the version with the fied wooden stock
later mo"nted a detachable knife ba'onet$
he improved model# known as the AKM# is easier to prod"ce and operate$ .t
weighs abo"t one kilogram less than the AK$ he red"ced weight res"lts from "sing
thinner# stamped sheet metal parts rather than machined# forged steel5 laminated wood
rather than solid wood in the hand g"ard# forearm# pistol grip# and b"tt stock5 and new
lightweight al"min"m and plastic maga&ines$ 6ther improvements incl"de a straighter
stock for better control5 an improved gas c'linder5 a rate-of-fire control alongside the
trigger5 a rear sight grad"ated to 1#,,, meters rather than ,, meters5 and a greatl'
improved# detachable ba'onet$
he AKM also has a folding-stock version# designated AKM# intended for "se
b' riflemen in armored infantr' combat vehicles s"ch as the 8M*$ cept for its -
shaped# stamped-metal# folding b"tt stock# the AKM is identical to the AKM$ he
folding-stock model can red"ce its length from 0 to 0 millimeters$ he
Kalashnikov assa"lt rifle# also known as the AK-47 (Avtomat Kalashnikova - 47#
Kalashnikov a"tomatic rifle# model of 147)# and its derivatives# also known "nder
the common name of AK# is the most prolific small arm of the +nd half of the 99
cent"r'$ .t had been and still is (in more or less modified forms) man"fact"red in
do&ens of co"ntries# and "sed in h"ndreds of co"ntries and conflicts since itsintrod"ction$ he total n"mber of the AK-t'pe rifles made worldwide d"ring the last
!, 'ears is estimated at ,: millions$
8' the 1! the AK was modified again# this time more etensivel'# and was
conse;"entl' adopted (after trials) as the AKM (Avtomat Kalashnikova
Moderni&irovann'< - Kalashnikov A"tomatic rifle# Modified)$ he ke' changes were
the introd"ction of the stamped receiver instead of the milled one# and improved
trigger/hammer "nit# that introd"ced a hammer release dela' device (often incorrectl'
referred as a rate red"cer)$ 6ther changes were the redesigned# slightl' raised
b"ttstock and the pistol grip# and the addition of the removable m"&&le flip
compensator$ his spoon-like compensator is screwed onto the m"&&le and "sed them"&&le blast to red"ce m"&&le climb d"ring the b"rst fire$ he compensator co"ld be
replaced b' the screw-on =*8-1 noiseless firing device=# generall' known as a
silencer$ his silencer re;"ired special# s"b-sonic amm"nition with heavier b"llets to
be "sed$ Another change from AK to AKM was a slightl' improved rear sight# with
settings from 1,, to 1,,, (instead of the ,, on AK) meters$ 8oth ,, and 1,,,
meters# however# are ecessivel' optimistic for an' practical "se# since the effective
fire is limited ro"ghl' to 2,,-4,, meters# if not less$
Technical description for the AK assa!lt rifle:
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"artrid#e: 7$0+ 2 mm $peration: gas# selective fire
Loc%in#: rotating bolt Feed:2,-ro"nd detachable bo
maga&ine
&ei#ht: 4$2 kg Len#th: 0 mm
'arrel: 414 mm Riflin#:4 grooves# rh# 1 t"rn in
+2! mm
Si#hts:fore# post# ad
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derivatives "ntil now$ .t is slow# "ncomfortable and sometimes stiff to operate
(especiall' when wearing gloves or mittens)# and# when act"ated# prod"ces a lo"d and
distinctive click$ here is no bolt stop device# and the bolt alwa's goes forward when
the last shot from the maga&ine is fired$
AKM is fed from the 2, ro"nds# stamped steel maga&ines of heav'# b"t rob"stdesign$ arl' AK maga&ines were of slab-sided design# b"t the more common AKM
maga&ines feat"red additional stamped ribs on the sides$ *ositive maga&ine catch is
located
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he most serio"s drawback to the AK and AKM is the low m"&&le velocit' (71,
meters per second) of the relativel' heav' 7$0+-mm ro"nd$ his res"lts in a looping
tra
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ome models incl"de an integral folding ba'onet$
ome models incl"de a gas valve on the forward gas port (above the barrel) to
permit firing grenades$ ometimes the valve is controlled b' flipping a special
=grenade sight= "p into position$
ome makes of removable ba'onets can attach to their scabbards to form a
scissors-st'e barbed-wire c"tter$
he barrel and chamber are chromi"m-plated# to resist corrosion# b"t cleaning
after ever' firing is recommended$ Most militar' amm"nition "ses corrosiveprimers$
A cleaning rod is "nder the barrel$ .t bends slightl' for removal$ .n standard
AKs# cleaning patches and a metal bottle of oil and solvent are in compartments in
the sho"lder-pad of the stock$
o field strip# release the maga&ine catch# remove the maga&ine# and cock the
rifle# holding the left hand read' over the receiver to catch an' e
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ome people have said that the @"ssians were concerned abo"t the lower
energies of the assa"lt-rifle b"llets and designed them to ca"se more damage than
might otherwise occ"r$
@ate of fire is between 2,, and 0,, ro"nds per min"te$ ater models have
modifications to the trigger assembl' and bolt to fire more slowl'$ his helps to makethe weapon more controllable and waste less amm"nition$ his ma' help red"ce
logistic re;"irements$
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AK-47 Assembly and Disassembly
Dhen doing etensive work on a firearm# work on a soft s"rface so that it wont scratch the
metal parts of the g"n$ .t is also wise to work were light is good and parts will not be lost$
.n general it is best not to disassemble a firearm an' more than is reall' necessar' to clean it
or repair or replace a part$ ven then it is seldom necessar' to disassemble the rifle be'ond
the field stripping stage$ ver' time a firearm is disassembled be'ond the field stripping
stage# it will take some time for some parts to regain their fit# some parts ma' tend to shake
loose and fall o"t when firing the weapon$ ome parts of the AK-47 line are riveted
together$ @epairing these can be ;"ite a hassle# since the end of the rivet has to be gro"nd off
and a new one set after the part is replaced$
.deall' the disassembl' steps listed below will $Tbe carried o"t b' an'one other than a
competent g"nsmith$ A lot of damage can be done if disassembl' is done with o"t proper
knowledge$
1,
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./ Re,o)e the ,a#a(ine fro, the #!n and c*cle the action ,a%in# s!re the
firear, is e,pt*/
+$ *"sh in the retaining lever (the little b"tton at the end of the receiver closest to the
stock) on the rear of the receiver# then lift the receiver cover off and back to remove it
eposing the action$
2$ ake o"t the action spring F retaining rod b' p"shing them forward to release them#then lift them "p slightl' and back them o"t of the receiver$
4$ @emove the bolt and bolt carrier (which will also have the gas piston attached to it)
8' p"lling them back and o"t$
!$ ake the bolt o"t of the carrier b' twisting the bolt co"nterclockwise and p"lling it
o"t of the front of the carrier$
0$ @emove the gas c'linder b' p"lling it backward and lifting it o"t$
7$ he etractor and etractor spring are held in place be the large pin (which ma' be
a solid or roll pin depending on the rifle located on the side of the bolt near the locking l"gs$
8efore tr'ing to drift o"t this pin check to be s"re one side isn?t staked if it is go o"t the other
side opposite the staked spot in the bolt$ rift the pin o"t with a drift p"nch or small nail to
free the etractor$ 8e caref"l since the spring is "nder tension$ $ he smaller pin located on the side of the bolt near the locking l"gs retain the firing
pin (and its spring on models with a firing pin spring) note whether the pin is staked in place$
rifting the pin o"t frees the firing pin take care since this spring is also "nder press"re$
$ he gas piston is held to the bolt carrier etension arm b' a roll pin$ his pin
sho"ld be sho"ld be drifted o"t onl' if the piston needs to be repaired or replaced since
damage to the piston can occ"r d"ring this process$
1,$ Clash hiders or m"&&le n"ts are sometimes held in place b' a pin b"t "s"all' are
screwed onto the barrel some AK?s lack them entirel'$
11$ he gas port block is generall' held in place b' cross pins don?t remove it "nless its
absol"tel' necessar'# this can be a tedio"s process on some rifles and it ma' be hard toreplace it so it sta's in place$
1+$ he fore grip ma' be attached to the rifle in a variet' of wa's the method for
removal is best determined b' st"d'ing the rifle$
12$ he trigger gro"ps pins are released b' removing the looped retaining spring on the
left inside of the receiver on semi-a"to rifles# or the long leg of the disconector spring on
select-fire g"ns$ 8efore freeing the spring or leg place the selector in the fire position and
while restraining the hammer p"ll the trigger$ Gold the hammer and caref"ll' lower it "ntil it
is f"ll' forward# facedown$ his is done the retaining spring can be p"lled forward and o"t
b' grasping its loop with a pair of needle nosed pliers and p"lling forward and o"t$ 6n select
fire rifles the long leg of the disconnection spring sho"ld be p"lled "p to free the
disconnection pin remove the pin o"t the left side of the receiver and then take o"t thedisconnection and its spring to free the other parts of the trigger gro"p$
14$ 6nce the retaining spring is removed the trigger gro"p is freed b' sliding the
hammer and trigger pins o"t the left side of the receiver$ his will free the hammer and its
spring which can be removed b' t"rning them slightl' and lifting them o"t$ %et the trigger
and sear can be removed along with the rate red"cer and its sear (takes care not to lose the
sear spring which sits between the sear and trigger$)
1!$ .f the safet'/selector needs to be removed rotate its forward end "pward so that it
can be p"lled o"t the right side of the receiver$
10$ Most stocks are held in place b' screws or with man' folding stocks pins$ o not
remove the stock "nless absol"tel' necessar' for repair or replacement$
17$ he maga&ine release and its spring are held in place with a rivet$ o not remove"nless absol"tel' necessar'$
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1$ *istol grips are generall' held in place b' a bolt which can be "nscrewed thro"gh
the open base of the grip$
1$ he front sight post generall' screws into its base$ he sight assembl' can be
removed b' drifting a set screw or screws ma' need to be loosened first$ he front sight
sho"ld not be removed "nless absol"tel' necessar' since the tight fit keeps it &eroed$
+,$ he rear sight is generall' pinned or screwed into place with its base welded ontothe rifle$ %ote the leaf springs alignment so that it ma' be properl' realigned$
To reasse,+le re)erse the process/
AK-47 0arts and 1ia#ra,s
1+
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AK-47 E2ploded 0arts 3ie
. - 8arrel with receiver# with rear sight and stock
5- @eceiver cover
6- 8a'onet
4- @ecoil mechanism
- 8olt Barrier with gas piston
8 - as t"be with "pper hand g"ard 7- 8olt
9 - Bleaning @od
- Core end
.;- Maga&ine
..- Bombination tool with accessories
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AK-47 'olt 1isasse,+l*
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a - 'olt 'od* + - Firin# pin c - E2tractor
1 - @ecess for case bottom
+ - tractor slot
2 - "ide l"g
4 - Gole for etractor pin
! - ocking l"g
0 - ongit"dinal slot for e
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ike most firearms the AK-47 will start to show adverse wear and or malf"nction if the
weapon is not kept reasonabl' clean$ Cort"natel' for the AK it is ver' eas' to field strip# which
makes cleaning not m"ch of a chore$ he AK re;"ires no special maintenance tools or etensive
knowledge of it?s parts$
aterials:1$ Bleaning kit
+$ %ews paper or throw-down
The Folloin# 0roced!re sho!ld +e !sed to field strip and clean the rifle/
Re,o)in# the ,a#a(ine Golding the rifle in the left
hand at the "pper hand g"ard and fore end# grasp the
maga&ine with the right hand and remove it$ he
maga&ine is removed b' pressing forward on the
maga&ine catch$ After this# ens"re that there is no
cartridge in the chamber b' lowering the selector#
p"lling the bolt carrier handle to the rear# and
inspecting the chamber$ @elease the bolt carrier handle
and release the hammer form the sear ( s;"ee&e the
trigger)
5< Re,o)e the cleanin# rod *"ll the end of the cleaning rod awa' from the barrel so that itshead is disengaged from the stop on the front sight base and p"ll the cleaning rod "pward$ he
drift ma' be "sed when removing the cleaning rod$
6< Re,o)e the recei)er co)er rasp the small of the stock with the left hand# and with the left
th"mb press on the recoil mechanism?s g"ide rod l"g$ ift the rear portion of the receiver cover
"pward with the right hand and remove the cover$
10
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4< Re,o)e the recoil ,echanis,/ Golding the rifle in
the left hand b' the small of the stock# press the recoil
mechanism?s g"ide rod forward with the right hand "ntil
its heel emerges from the longit"dinal slot of the
receiver$ ift "p the rear end of the g"ide rod and p"llthe recoil mechanism form the bolt carrier channel$
< Re,o)e the +olt carrier ith +olt/ Bontin"ing to
hold the rifle in the left hand# bring the bolt carrier to the
rear to stop with the right hand$ ift it "p along with the
bolt and remove it
8< Re,o)e the +olt fro, the carrier/ rasp the bolt carrier in the left
hand with the bolt "pward$ raw the bolt to the rear with the right
hand# rotating it so that the bolt?s g"ide l"g comes o"t of the shaped slot
of the bolt carrier# and remove the bolt forward$
7< Re,o)e the #as t!+e/ Golding the rifle in the left hand# lift the gas t"be latch located on the
right side of the rear sight block$ @otate the small latch downwards and clockwise at the same
time$ his sho"ld enable 'o" to free the gas t"be# lift and remove it$
AK-47 F!ll A!to Tri##er Gro!p 1isasse,+l*
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a - hammer g - selector
b - hammer spring h - pin
c - trigger . - semi-a"to sear
d - semi-a"to fire sear < - hammer retarder
e - a"to sear k - hammer retarded spring
f - a"to sear spring a"to sear spring
1isasse,+l* of F!ll A!to tri##er ,echanis,/ - Golding the rifle with the left hand atthe receiver# press on the a"to sear and disengage the a"to sear from the hammer with the right
hand and "sing the drift$ @elease the hammer from the sear$ @aise the left end of the hammer
spring with the tapered end of the drift and g"ide it past the hammer?s sear notch with the
fingers$ "ide the long end of the a"to sear spring o"t of the circ"lar channel of the trigger pin
with the screwdriver$ ap the trigger pin to the left with the drift and remove it$ rad"all'
p"lling the drift o"t# etract the semi-a"tomatic fire sear from the receiver along with its spring#
spring retarder# and hammer retarder with the fingers of the left hand$ *ressing back in the
trigger piece with the left inde finger# lift the trigger "pward and remove it from the receiver
with the right hand$ @emove the hammer b' pressing with the screwdriver on the long end of the
a"to sear spring# remove it from the circ"lar channel of the hammer pin$ ap the hammer pin to
the left with the drift$ Golding the hammer with the right hand# remove the hammer pin with theleft hand$ @otate the hammer so the left tr"nnion is toward the chamber and remove the hammer
form the receiver$ @emove the hammer spring from the hammer$ @emove the a"to sear$ ap
the a"to sear pin to the left with the he drift and remove it$ @emove the a"to sear with spring
thro"gh the maga&ine well$ @emove the spring from the a"to sear$ @emove the selector b'
rotating the selector "pward to the vertical position# move it to the right# and remove it from the
receiver$
1
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=and#!ard 1isasse,+l*
. - as "be
+ - "ide ribs for gas piston
2 - Cront
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maga&ine in the receiver$ 6n the bottom of the rear wall of the maga&ine?s bod' is an inspection
hold for determining if the maga&ine if f"ll' loaded$ he walls of the maga&ine are ribbed for
strength$ he bottom of the maga&ine is closed with a floor plate$ he floor plate has a hole for
the l"g of the stop leaf$ .nside the maga&ine bod' are a follower and spring with stop leaf$ he
follower is fastened to the "pper end of the spring b' an internal flange on the right wall of the
follower$ he follower has a l"g that ens"res the staggered positioning of the cartridges in themaga&ine$ he stop leaf is permanentl' attached to the bottom end of the follower spring and
holds the maga&ine floor plate from displacement with its l"g$ ome rifles have plastic
maga&ines that are the same in constr"ction as the metal maga&ines$
1isasse,+l* epress the small metal notch at the end of the maga&ine on the floor plate$ lide
the floor plate backwards towards the rear or primer area of the maga&ine$ 8e caref"l the spring
will shoot o"t with some force and co"ld ca"se in
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AK-47 Tro!+leshootin#
8elow is a chart of potential items that ma' ca"se 'o"r rifle to fail$ %et to it are the s'mptom
and fies to correct the problem$ *lease read the cart caref"ll' as it will make a difference$
+1
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*roblem Bheck for *roced"re
8old wont >nlock1$ irt' or b"rred bolt
+$ amaged as t"be or piston
1$ Blean or replace
+$ @epair or replace
8olt wont ock
1$ Co"ling in locking l"gs
+$ Cro&en etractor
2$ @ecoil spring is not moving freel'
4$ 8olt is not moving freel'$
!$ as piston misaligned$
0$ oose or damaged piston$
7$ ent in gas t"be
1$ Blean F l"bricate l"gs$
+$ @emove clean etractor$
2$ @emove clean F
l"bricate$
4$ @emove clean F
l"bricate$
!$ Bheck alignment
0$ ighten or replace
7$ @epair or replace
o"ble feeding 1$ efective maga&ine$ @eplace
Cirearm wont cock
selector doesn?t
work properl'$ Dorn# broken or missing parts$ Bheck parts# @eplace
Cirearm contin"es
to fire after release
of trigger
1$ irt in trigger/sear
+$ 8roken sear/trigger
2$ Deak sear/trigger spring
4$ Ciring pin dirt' or too long
1$ Blean mechanism
+$ @eplace
2$ @eplace spring4$ Blean or replace
Cirearm wont fire
1$ afet' in safe position
+$ Ciring pin is broken
2$ oo m"ch dirt/oil in firing pin
recess
4$ *oor ammo
!$ Deak or broken hammer or spring
0$ Deak or broken sear/sear spring7$ 8olt isn?t locking
1$ *lace in fire position
2$ @eplace
4$ Dipe/Blean
!$ @emove/discard
0$ @eplace
7$ @eplace$ Blean dirt' parts
@o"nd won?t
chamber1$ irt' or corroded ammo
+$ amaged ammo
2$ Co"ling in chamber
1$ Blean ammo
+$ @eplace
2$ Blean chamber
@o"nds won?t e
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+2