American Water Works AssociationAlabama – Mississippi Section
~ Educat ional Session ~
City of NatchezWater Meter Replacement Program
for Successful Leak Control
March 2015
Presented By:
David M Gardner, P.E. – SuperintendentNatchez Water Works
Matt JonesCentral Pipe Supply, Inc.
DUNLEITH PLANTATION
The site was originally occupied by another mansion called "Routhland," built during the late 1700s by Job Routh and his wife. They both died and left the house to their daughter, Mary, who was 15 years of age and already a widow. Mary took Charles Dahlgren as her second husband and inherited the house. Dalhgren was a successful banker since before his marriage to Mary and became a Confederate Brigadier General during the War Between the States.In 1855 Routhland was struck by lightning and burned to the ground. Dahlgren built a new mansion (the present one) in its place in 1856. Mary, still a very young woman, only enjoyed the new house for three years when she tragically died. The property was sold for $30,000 in order to settle the estate. The new owner, Alfred Vidal Davis, gave the house the Scottish name of Dunleith.
Encircled by 26 stately white columns, Dunleith is one of the most beautiful mansions in Natchez, Mississippi, yet it has a history of tragedy.
STANTON HALL
In 1858, Frederick Stanton built the home of his dreams for his family on his new property - an entire city block of Natchez, Mississippi. The city block cost about $1,550. The house cost over $83,000 before it was even furnished. Carrera Marble, mahogany doors 2 1/2 inches thick, chandeliers from France, and Italian statuary appointed the interior. Huge Corinthian columns and granite steps adorned the facade.Stanton came to America with his brothers in 1815. He made a fortune as a cotton broker, then as owner of more than 16,000 acres of cotton plantations. Ironically, he lived only one month after his dream home was finished.Now - Stanton Hall housed a college for young ladies for a short time, then fell into disarray to some extent before the Pilgrimage Garden Club renewed the antebellum mansion to much of its former glory. It stands today, filled with original and like antique furnishings as Frederick originally created it, a showcase for the world to see.
LONGWOOD
Dr. Haller Nutt already owned Winter Quarters in Louisiana, but wanted to build a dream home for his wife, Julia. With the help of architect Samuel Sloan, he designed a beautiful and unique octagonal structure with an onion dome. The exterior was mostly finished, and the interior in rough form when the Civil War broke out. Northern craftsmen working on the mansion left the work unfinished and set out for home, fearing reprisals from those with Southern sympathies. The Nutt family lived in the finely furnished basement for years, though Dr. Nutt himself died shortly after the war started. Today you can tour the home, inspect the unfinished interior for yourself, and view the grounds where Julia once tended to acres of roses. Longwood is listed as an official National Historic Landmark.
THE BIRTH OF A NEW UTILITY
Natchez, the birthplace of Mississippi, is known internationally as a quaint Southern town with a rich culture and heritage shaped by people of Spanish, French, African, British and American descent. Established in 1714, Natchez was originally home to the Natchez Indians. The earliest European account of the Natchez comes from the Spanish expedition of Hernando de Soto in 1542, the French in 1682 , African in 1719 and the British in 1763 until the United States took control in 1798.
As the settlement grew, Spanish, French, and English residents began constructing homes and buildings in the styles with which they were familiar, leaving several architectural influences and creating the unique backdrop to the city with which our residents and visitors enjoy today.
The antebellum mansions in Natchez were built by planters, lawyers, doctors, bankers and merchants who made enormous fortunes after the invention of the cotton gin, which brought an unbelievable cotton boom to Natchez.
Attracted by the possibility of getting rich and doing it very quickly, entrepreneurs flooded into Natchez, joining those few families who had settled the area in the eighteenth century. As you could imagine, this expansion of population created much need for city wide water and sewer services.
Mostly, water was provided by either private wells, cisterns, creeks and naturally occurring springs. Most houses were equipped with outhouses or privies. By the end of the 19th century, the demand for these city utilities increased dramatically forming the birth of our system today.
Today, Natchez is home to numerous Antebellum Mansions that are open year round for Natchez Natives and Visitors to tour. Natchez’s total population is 15,792.
of the Natchez Water WorksHistoryThe
Key Historical Points
Mayor and Board of Alderman of the City of Natchez, State of Mississippi on January 23, 1889 granted to J. A. Jones of St Louis, MO the right and privilege to erect and maintain a system of water works for the City of Natchez.
There was an Artesian well water shortage in 1894 and some discussion as to obtaining water from the Mississippi River.
January 6, 1895, page 96, J.C. Ballard, M.D., Chief Health Officer of Adams County wrote, “The Sweetest, most palatable, and healthiest water obtainable is FILTERED Mississippi River water” and strongly urged a change if we could get that.
Page 110 from Evening Bulletin, July 30, 1901: The Fine Plant of Natchez Sewer and Water Co…..Article states that the water is as good as any in the world—pure as crystal, healthful and cold.
City of Natchez, purchased Natchez Water and Sewer Company between May 7th and May 11th, 1903 for $150,000.
Free Water discontinued to public and private institutions, meters installed and billed each month. 27, October 1950.
Consumer Deposits: 27 August 1952. $5.00 charged to cover two to three monthly bills.
Water Loss!!!
Why is it Important???All water systems have water loss. Although water loss cannot be eliminated, it can be greatly reduced. Reducing water loss is the fastest, most economical way for any water utility to increase both revenue and the amount of water available.
Water Loss FACTS:1. HOW MUCH WATER IS LOST?
The world bank estimates the annual worldwide volume of nonrevenue water is 12,893 billion gallons (48.6 billion m3) – almost 13 trillion gallons! Real losses in developing countries alone could supply water to 200 million people.
Nonrevenue losses in the United States are suspected to be around 6 billion gallons a day; that is more than enough to meet the delivery needs of the 10 largest cities in the US. This massive waste of crucial resource should be viewed as a considerable concern for the country with the third largest population in the world.
2. A NEW SOURCE OF REVENUE
Reducing apparent loss can result in an immediate new source of revenue for a utility. Apparent loss means the water was delivered but not paid for. Inaccurate metering, utility accounting errors, and unauthorized use create apparent losses for a utility. Apparent losses can have a much greater negative effect on the utility’s revenue than do real losses, because apparent losses are valued at the retail price charged to customers.
3. QUICK PAYBACK
Sound water loss management is a practice that usually generates a direct and quick payback to the water utility. Water Loss control provides guidance through each step: Water Audit, Assessing Optimum Water Loss, Pilot Study, Implementing Apparent and Real Water-Loss Reduction Methods, and Ongoing Program Maintenance.
WATER LOSS TABLE
Per Day Loss ( Gallons) Loss Per Month (Gallons)
120 3,600
360 11,160
3,096 95,976
8,424 261,144
14,952 463,512
*Based on approximately 60-psi pressure.
Table 1-13. Water Loss Versus Pipe Leak Size
Water Loss
Pipe Leak Size*
TotalSystem
Input
(allowfor
knownerrors)
Water
Losses
AuthorizedConsumption
RealLosses
ApparentLosses
UnbilledAuthorized
Consumption
BilledAuthorized
Consumption
Non-Revenue
Water
RevenueWater
Leakage & Overflows at Storage
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Water Exported
Leakage on Service Lines to Meter
Leakage on Mains
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Unauthorized Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Data Handling Error
Water Accounting- -All Water Accounted For-
Water In / Water Out
Gallon Cubic Feet Cubic Feet % Sold Cubic Feet % Loss
FY 2000 1,358,544,000 181,623,529 118,255,732 65.11% 63,367,797 34.89%
FY 2001 1,336,577,000 178,686,765 106,559,136 59.63% 72,127,629 40.37%
FY 2002 1,420,981,000 189,970,722 102,902,386 54.17% 87,068,336 45.83%
FY 2003 1,220,645,000 163,187,834 103,037,099 63.14% 60,150,735 36.86%
FY 2004 1,259,337,000 168,360,561 104,973,253 62.35% 63,387,308 37.65%
FY 2005 1,239,267,000 165,677,406 103,473,333 62.45% 62,204,073 37.55%
FY 2006 1,301,145,000 173,949,866 106,774,604 61.38% 67,175,262 38.62%
FY 2007 1,230,794,000 164,544,652 99,134,931 60.25% 65,409,721 39.75%
FY 2008 1,253,578,000 167,590,642 100,650,933 60.06% 63,655,479 37.98%
FY 2009 1,085,493,000 145,119,385 94,900,608 65.39% 43,685,340 30.10%
FY 2010 1,064,948,000 142,372,727 92,311,311 64.84% 43,015,852 30.21%
FY 2011 1,121,122,786 149,882,725 94,986,786 63.37% 45,054,337 30.06%
FY 2012 1,137,232,288 152,036,402 89,476,685 58.85% 48,420,850 31.85%
FY 2013 1,068,558,000 142,855,348 88,477,160 61.93% 35,464,436 24.83%
FY 2014 1,080,943,000 144,511,096 91,340,134 63.21% 32,021,715 22.16%
Natchez Water Works
FY 2000 Thru FY 2014 WATER PRODUCTION vs SALES
(Fiscal Year SUMMARY)
Fiscal YearWELL PRODUCTION SALES (Summary) LOSS (Summary)
OUR DATA MODEL….
Date: March 10, 2015
LOSS LOSS
FY 2015 Gallon Cubic Feet Cubic Feet % Loss
October 86,924,000 11,620,856 9,623,484 1,997,372 17.19%
November 85,914,000 11,485,829 10,166,722 1,319,107 11.48%
December 83,504,000 11,163,636 9,250,587 1,913,049 17.14%
January 83,307,000 11,137,299 8,958,363 2,178,936 19.56%
February 74,899,000 10,013,235 8,898,023 1,115,212 11.14%
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
Total Gallons Total Cubic Feet Total Monitored Water Total Water Loss Total Percent Loss
(For Fiscal Year)
FY to Date Totals: 414,548,000 55,420,856 46,897,179 8,523,677 15.38%
Average Gallons Average Cubic Feet Average Monitored Water Average Water LossAverage Percent Loss (Per Month)
Monthly Averages: 82,909,600 11,084,171 9,379,436 1,743,176 15.27%
Natchez Water Works
FY 2015
WELL PRODUCTION
(Monthly Comparison)
MONITORED WATER (Includes WWTP)
WATER PRODUCTION vs WATER LOSS REPORT
SPECIAL NOTES:
October 11,066,099 10,362,643
November 9,134,199 9,186,969
December 9,017,258 8,315,780
January 8,851,204 8,635,950
February 8,551,614 8,022,005
March 7,890,181 7,814,942
April 8,018,656 8,403,669
May 8,494,716 8,557,815
June 9,007,781 8,842,875
July 8,782,528 9,879,126
August 8,611,817 9,713,322
September 9,133,083 8,873,095
106,559,136 106,608,191
7,597 7,360
40.37% 31.85%
Billed Consumption
Annual Consumption - Comparison
Total Consumption Billed:
Average Customers Billed:
Annual Water Loss:
FY 12Month FY 01
What Does This MEAN…. 2013 Water Works Audit:
To Operate System = $1,219,845 Well Production = 1,068,558,000 Gallons (Annually) Cost = $1.14 Per 1,000 Gallons
DOLLARS LOST COMPARISON
Yearly Loss ($) Revenue Lost
(2013) 24.83% $302,890 +/-
(2002) 45.83% $559,060 +/-
(Comparison) 12% $146,376 +/-
2007 – Major Valve and Large Meter Change-Out Began(For Comparison)
2007 Water Loss at 39.75% (Avg) vs 2014 Water Loss at 22.16% (Avg)
Difference of 17.59% over a 7 Year Period = $1,501,920 in Savings
SOLUTION!!!
Water Services Changed to COMPOUND METERSas recommended by MS Rural Water Services
Note: Consumption Shown in Cubic Feet
YEAR AVERAGE CONSUMPTION
2014 35,815
2013 48,433
2012 50,815
*2011 31,999
2010 19,529
2009 17,080
2011 - Changed Meter to Compound Meter
DAYS INN
YEAR AVERAGE CONSUMPTION
2014 15,515
2013 14,791
2012 14,335
*2011 11,645
2010 11,174
2009 6,828 2011 - Changed Meter to Compound Meter
BEST WESTERNYEAR AVERAGE CONSUMPTION
2014 45,673
2013 40,450
*2012 35,351
2011 30,613
2010 30,864
2009 33,943 2012 - Changed Meter to Compound Meter
BROADWAY HOTEL
YEAR AVERAGE CONSUMPTION
2014 65,922
2013 83,958
2012 103,543
*2011 91,469
2010 48,516
2009 63,5752011 - Changed Meter to Compound Meter
EOLA HOTEL
Note: Estimated Meter Stoped Working Sometime in 2010
YEAR AVERAGE CONSUMPTION
2014 373,719
2013 285,965
2012 234,184
*2011 262,997
2010 163,349
2009 149,7612011 - Changed Meter to Compound Meter
NATCHEZ REGIONAL HOSP.
YEAR AVERAGE CONSUMPTION
2014 8,580
2013 9,129
*2012 7,949
2011 777
2010 755
2009 683
2008 847
2007 970
2006 824 Early 2012 - Changed Meter to Compound Meter
McDONALDS
WATER LOSS, CHANGES MADE TO REDUCE WATER LOSS RATIO Changed the way water loss is calculated. Originally was direct ratio between
consumption billed in Utility Billing System (UBS) and metered water pumped from the wells. Some accounts in UBS were “Sewer Only” and these were removed.
Repaired leaks that were known but could not be located such as;o Homochitto Street – 10” bell joint leaking into storm drain systemo N. Canal Street – 2” manifold leaking into storm drain system & sanitary sewer
systemo Brenham Ave – 16” leaking at tee and 90° bendo Old Brenham Ave Water Treatment Plant – Leak on 2,000 gpm pump 16” pipingo And many various leaks that occur. Mostly these are 2” and smaller service lines
Installed meters on all active services
Installed compound meters on accounts that are 4” and larger where applicable
Replace turbo meters with compound or disc type meters on some 2” services for hotels and other businesses. Many of these recommended by Mr. Randy Turnage’s report on 2” meters from the MS Rural Water Association.
Implemented valve change-out program & required proper meter types for new applications
IN SUMMARY
METERSizing, Selection and Application
ANYTOWN, USA
Revenue – 80/20 Rule
AGENDA
Important Terms
Operating Ranges
Analyzing Meter Application
Meter Operation / Installation Theory
IMPORTANT TERMS
Operating Range: Range of operation from low flow to
intermittent high flow where Badger Meter guarantees an
accuracy of ± 1.5% or 98.5% - 101.5% (± 0.25% Mag Meter)
Maximum Continuous Duty: High flow where meter
can be run continuously, 24 hours / 7 days a week
Extended Low Flow: Low flow where Badger
guarantees minimum accuracy down to 95%
Disc Series Meters
DISC SERIES METER TYPICAL OPERATING RANGES
Size Model Operating Range Max Cont. Duty Extended Low
5/8” MLPM25
1/4-20 GPM1/2-25 GPM
10 GPM15 GPM
1/8 GPM1/4 GPM
3/4 ” M35 3/4-35 GPM 25 GPM 3/8 GPM
1” M55M70
1-55 GPM1 1/4-70 GPM
40 GPM50 GPM
1/2 GPM3/4 GPM
1-1/2” M120 2 1/2-120 GPM 80 GPM 1 1/4 GPM
2” M170 2 1/2-170 GPM 100 GPM 1 1/2 GPM
E-SERIES ULTRASONIC METER
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc. 26
Ultrasonic Measurement Technology
• Two basic technologies used in ultrasonic metering:
• Doppler Shift: Measures difference in frequency of the sound wave reflected off acoustic discontinuities or particles in the flow stream – well suited for dirty water applications.
• Transit-Time: Measures the time differential between signal sent upstream and a corresponding signal sent downstream – well suited for clean water.
E-Series Ultrasonic meter uses Transit-Time technology.
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc. 27
AWWA STANDARDS
• The E-Series meter was designed to meet and exceed all applicable portions of the current AWWA standards.
• The American Water Works Association does not currently have a standard for ultrasonic meters for residential/billing use.
• A committee, however, exists to develop a standard for static residential meters (will take several years to accomplish).
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc. 28
E-Series Ultrasonic Meter Specifications
• 5/8” through 1”
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc. 29
Size Flow Range Extended Low Flow Range
Lay Length
Material Offering
5/8” 0.1…25 gpm
0.05 gpm 7-1/2” Stainless Steel and Engineered
Polymer
5/8 x 3/4”
0.1…25 gpm
0.05 gpm 7-1/2” Stainless Steel and Engineered
Polymer
3/4” 0.1…32 gpm
0.05 gpm 7-1/2” or 9”
Stainless Steel and Engineered
Polymer
1” 0.4…55 gpm
0.25 gpm 10-3/4” Stainless Steel and Engineered
Polymer
E-Series Ultrasonic Meter Specifications
• 1-1/2” and 2”
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc. 30
Size Flow Range Extended low flow range
Lay Length
Flange Type MaterialOffering
1-1/2”
1.25… 100 gpm
0.40 gpm 13” 2-bolt Elliptical & Hex NPT
Stainless Steel
2” 1.50… 160 gpm
0.50 gpm 17” 2-bolt Elliptical & Hex NPT
Stainless Steel
Indicators and AlarmsBilling units indicator
Low battery
Suspected Leak
No flow over 30 days
Meter operating normally
Meter alarm/error
Reverse flow
Consumption Display
Rate of Flow display
TURBO SERIES METERS
TURBO SERIES TYPICALOPERATING RANGES
Size Model Operating Range Max Cont. Duty Extended Low
1 ½” T160 4 to 200 GPM 160 GPM 2.5 GPM
2” T200 4 to 310 GPM 200 GPM 2.5 GPM
3” T450 5 to 550 GPM 450 GPM 4 GPM
4” T1000 10 to 1250 GPM 1000 GPM 8 GPM
6” T2000 20 to 2500 GPM 2000 GPM 12 GPM
8” T3500 30 to 4500 GPM 3500 GPM 20 GPM
10” T5500 50 to 7000 GPM 5500 GPM 30 GPM
12" T6200 65 to 8800 GPM 6200 GPM 53 GPM
16" T6600 150 to 13200 GPM 6600 GPM 130 GPM
20" T10000 300 to 19800 GPM 10000 GPM 200 GPM
COMPOUND SERIES METERS
COMPOUND SERIES METER TYPICAL OPERATING RANGES
Size Operating Range Max Cont. Duty Extended Low
2” 1/2 to 200 GPM 170 GPM 1/4 GPM
3” 1/2 to 450 GPM 400 GPM 1/4 GPM
4” 3/4 to 1000 GPM 800 GPM 3/8 GPM
6” 3/4 to 2000 GPM 1500 GPM 3/8 GPM
ANALYZING YOUR APPLICATIONCOMPOUND VS. TURBO
COMPOUNDS
TURBOS
Where People
Live
Where
People Work or
Play
GENERAL RULE OF THUMB
EXAMPLES OF LARGEMETER SELECTION
Selected Meter
Condo or Apartment Complex
Turbo
or
Compound
Automatic Car Wash
Selected Meter
Turbo
or
Compound
EXAMPLES OF LARGEMETER SELECTION
Large Manufacturing Facility
Selected Meter
Turbo
or
Compound
EXAMPLES OF LARGEMETER SELECTION
Anytown USA High School
Selected Meter
Turbo
or
Compound
EXAMPLES OF LARGEMETER SELECTION
COMPOUND LOW FLOWPERCENTAGE
High Flow + Low Flow = Total Flow
Low Flow x 100 = Low Flow PercentTotal Flow
EXAMPLE:12,000 x 100 = 8.3% Low Flow144,000
Ratio of low flow registration to total flow registration provides valuable information for utility
5% or less of the total on the low flow totalizer Change to Turbo Meter
10 - 25% of total flow on the low flow totalizer Proper size and selection for Compound
More than 25% of total on the low flow totalizer Consider Disc Meter
METER GUIDELINES
METER INSTALLATIONS
TURBINE AND COMPOUND RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION
Upstream Downstream
Test Plug
MeterUpstream
ValveDownstream
Valve
Test TeeorPlateStrainer
MinimumFive Pipe
Diameters of Straight Pipe
By-Pass (Permanent or Temporary)
1. For Turbo and Compound meters with strainer, minimum of five (5) pipe diameters of straight pipe upstream of the meter.
2. Turbo and Compound meters without a plate strainer, REQUIRE minimum of ten (10) pipe diameters of straight pipe upstream of the meter. The deletion of a plate strainer is not recommended.
3. Mag Meter requires only 3 diameters upstream of the meter and does not require a strainer.
4. Full-open butterfly or gate valves:a. Minimum five (5) pipe diameters upstream of the meter with strainerb. Can be used directly downstream of the meter.
PROPER INSTALLATION
5 DO NOT install pressure reducing devices or check valves upstream of the meter.
6 Check valves MUST be located at least three (3) pipe diameters downstream of meter and bypass line.
7 Pressure reducing devices: Min. five (5) diameters downstream of meter.
8 Backflow devices MUST be located at least five (5) diameters after meter and after bypass line. If backflow device is installed before meter, a RECOMMENDED min. of fifteen (15) pipe diameters of straight pipe and strainer are required upstream of meter.
9 The service saddle (or reducing tee) for field accuracy testing should be at least two (2) pipe diameters downstream of the meter.
PROPER INSTALLATION
QUESTIONS?