Amygdalin – a natural compound
balancing sugar levels Eli Khayat
משיח סיני ז"ל – אבי הרעיון והיזם
Bitter almond
Sorghum Cassava
Lima Bean
Stone fruitBamboo
Cyanoglucosides in Plants
Bitter almond at 210 nm
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4.2
38
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Sweet almond at 210 nm
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HPLC analysis of amygdalin in almond samples(whole freeze-dried almonds without skin)
0.5g of crushed almonds were overnight extracted with 10ml methanol.Isocratic mobile phase was 85% ACN and 15% water, flow of 0.7ml/min. Column C18 NovaPak 4m, 4.6x250mm.Amygdalin content was calculated using standard curve of authentic standard
Amygdalin content14.87+/- 0.23 mg/gDW
Amygdalin content1.19+/- 0.06 mg/gDW
Volatiles in crushed almonds
CompoundSweet
Water
Bitter
Water
Sweet
MTBE
Bitter
MTBE
Benzaldehyde 6160903.6970
Cinnamyl alcohol19322.71.6
Benzyl Alcohol0219029
Limonene102.539219
Pinene0224115
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I-
Mean Distribution
100
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Placebo D'Sach
Time in Minutes
• Abstractβ cells sense glucose through its metabolism and the resulting increase in ATP, which subsequently stimulates insulin secretion. Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) mediates mitochondrial proton leak, decreasing ATP production. In the present study, we assessed UCP2's role in regulating insulin secretion. UCP2-deficient mice had higher islet ATP levels and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, establishing that UCP2 negatively regulates insulin secretion. Of pathophysiologic significance, UCP2 was markedly upregulated in islets of ob/ob mice, a model of obesity-induced diabetes. Importantly, ob/ob mice lacking UCP2 had restored first-phase insulin secretion, increased serum insulin levels, and greatly decreased levels of glycemia. These results establish UCP2 as a key component of β cell glucose sensing, and as a critical link between obesity, β cell dysfunction, and type 2 diabetes.
Uncoupling Protein-2 Negatively Regulates Insulin Secretion and Is a Major Link between Obesity, β Cell Dysfunction, and Type 2 DiabetesChen-Yu Zhang1, György Baffy1, 3, Pascale Perret4, Stefan Krauss1, Odile Peroni1, Danica Grujic1, Thilo Hagen1, Antonio J. Vidal-Puig1, Olivier Boss1, Young-Bum Kim1, Xin Xiao Zheng2, Michael B. Wheeler5, Gerald I. Shulman4, Catherine B. Chan6 and Bradford B. Lowell1, *,
Cell, Volume 105, Issue 6, 745-755, 15 June 2001
Amygdalin catabolism
β glucosidase
Prunosin
Amygdalin
Conclusions
• Bitter almonds have a positive effect in lowering blood sugar levels
• The effect is short lived
• Amygdalin or its degradation products are most likely the active component
• The mode of action is unclear
• We speculate inhibition of UCP2 uncoupling ?????