AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN WRITINGRECOUNT TEXT USED BY THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS
OF SMA PANJURA MALANG
THESIS
By: Anisa Mufida
201310100311132
ENGLISH LANGUANGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENTFACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG2017
AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN WRITINGRECOUNT TEXT USED BY THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS
OF SMA PANJURA MALANG
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve SarjanaDegree in English Language Education
By: Anisa Mufida
201310100311132
ENGLISH LANGUANGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENTFACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG2017
MOTTOS AND DEDICATIONS
“Because the dawn right before the sun rises is the darkest.”Min Yoon-gi
“One must still have chaos in oneself to be able to give birth to adancing star.”
Friedrich Nietzsche
“When things don’t go your way, they might be suggesting abetter way to go.”
Tablo
This thesis is dedicated to:
my Father and Mother, the love of mylife,
my sister,my treasured friends, Dfq (Nadya, Lala,
Ima, Pipin, Eka) and MFF Squadand everyone who always deliver their
infinite motivation and affection
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirabbil‘alamin. All praises to Allah SWT, who bestows
health and strength upon the researcher. Due to His blessing, the researcher can
finish this thesis properly. Shalawat and Salam are devoted to our prophet,
Muhammad SAW.
The researcher dedicates deepest gratitude for both of her parents, Drs.
Budiyono and Sri Harmini, who ceaselessly give the researcher their affection,
supports, advices, and keep her accompany. Also, the researcher’s continuous
appreciation goes to her sister, Dini Ramadhani, S.Pd. for her supports during the
process of this thesis completion.
Hereafter, the researcher addresses massive regard to her first advisor,
Rinjani Bonavidi, S.Pd., M.Ed., Ph.D. and her second advisor Agista N. Wardani,
S.S., S.Pd., M.A. Thank you for their advices, patience, and support in guiding the
researcher to finish this thesis. The best regard is also delivered to all of the
researcher’s lecturers in English Education Department for the knowledge they
shared in the past semesters. Moreover, the researcher conveys great gratitude to
her thesis examiners.
Furthermore, the researcher expresses her wholehearted gratefulness to
Mrs. Indah Titisari, S.Pd, all of the teachers and the second grade students of
SMA Panjura Malang who were helping the researcher in conducting her study.
Finally, the researcher extends huge and warm appreciation to all of her
beloved friends: Nurlaila, Ima Jayanti M., Fifin Fadilaturrohmah, Nadya Rizky P.,
Nadya Eka P., Nafila Zain, Nuril Khaesaria, Citra Virginia, Taufik Akbar, Riscca
Yulinda E., Dwi Susanti, Ahdinul Ulumaudin, Lailia Rahmawati, Fifin Lestari,
and all of her friends in C Class English Department ’13 for the endless support,
help, and motivation to accomplish this thesis.
Malang, 27 January 2018
Anisa Mufida
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL............................................................................................................ii
LETTER OF AUTHENTICITY..........................................................................iv
MOTTOS AND DEDICATIONS..........................................................................v
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................viii
LIST OF APPENDICES.......................................................................................xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Background................................................................................1
1.2 Research Question......................................................................................5
1.3 Research Objective....................................................................................5
1.4 Research Significance................................................................................5
1.5 Scope and Limitation.................................................................................6
1.6 Definition of Key Terms............................................................................6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Error...........................................................................................................8
2.1.1 Definition of Error.......................................................................8
2.1.2 The Difference between Error and Mistake...............................10
2.2 Error Analysis...........................................................................................11
2.3 Classification of Error..............................................................................12
2.3.1 Error of Omission......................................................................12
2.3.2 Error of Addition........................................................................12
2.3.3 Error of Selection.......................................................................13
2.3.4 Error of Ordering.......................................................................13
2.4 Source of Error.........................................................................................13
2.4.1 Interlingual Transfer..................................................................13
2.4.2 Intralingual Transfer..................................................................14
2.4.3 Context of Learning...................................................................14
2.4.4 Communication Strategies.........................................................14
2.5 Grammar..................................................................................................15
2.5.1 Simple Past Tense......................................................................15
2.5.2 The Usage of Simple Past Tense................................................18
2.6 Recount Text............................................................................................19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design.......................................................................................21
3.2 Research Subject......................................................................................23
3.3 Data Collection Method...........................................................................23
3.3.1 Test.............................................................................................23
3.3.2 Interview....................................................................................24
3.4 Data Collection Procedure.......................................................................25
3.4.1 Writing Task...............................................................................25
3.4.2 Conducting Interview................................................................25
3.5 Data Analysis...........................................................................................26
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Findings...................................................................................................28
4.1.1 Types of Error in Simple Past Tense..........................................28
a. The Error of Omission..........................................................28
b. The Error of Addition............................................................29
c. The Error of Selection...........................................................29
d. The Error of Ordering...........................................................30
4.1.2 Source of the Errors...................................................................30
a. Interlingual Transfer..............................................................30
b. Intralingual Transfer..............................................................31
4.2 Discussion................................................................................................32
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclucusion............................................................................................34
5.2 Suggestion................................................................................................35
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Recount Text written by the Students
Appendix 2 Transcript of Preliminary Interview with the English teacher
Appendix 3 Transcript of Interview with the Students
REFERENCES
Alfiyani, L. M. (2013). An Anlysis of Grammatically Errors in Writing among theSecond Semester Students of English Departement of Yogyakarta State Universityin the Academic Year of 2011/2012. (Bachelors thesis, Yogyakarta StateUniversity, Indonesia). Retrieved from: http://eprints.uny.ac.id/25706/
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C. Sorensen. C., & Razavieh, A. (2010). Introduction toResearch in Education (Eight edition). Ohio: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Azar, B. S. (1999). Understanding and Using English Grammar (3rd Edition). NY:Pearson Education.
Azhar, S. (2015). Analysis of Generic Structure of Recount Texts (The Study ofFourth Semester Students of STAIN Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2012/2013).(Bachelors thesis, State Institute for Islamic Studies of Salatiga, Indonesia).Retrieved from: http://perpus.iainsalatiga.ac.id/docfiles/fulltext/2930242088.pdf
Bayinah, S. (2013). The Grammatical Error Analysis on Using the Simple PastTense in Writing Recount Text (A Case Study at the First Grade on MA Al-Khairiyah) (Bachelors thesis, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University ofJakarta, Indonesia). Retrieved from:http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/24716
Bogdan, R. C., Biklen, S. K. (2006). Qualitative Research for Education AnIntroduction to Theory and Methods (Fifth edition). USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
Brown, D. H. (2000). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (FourthEdition). NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Corder, S. P. (1982). Error Analysis and Interlanguage. New York: OxfordUniversity Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design Choosing AmongFive Approaches (Second Edition). California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitave, and MixedMethods Approaches (Third Edition). California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Declerk, R., Reed, S., & Cappelle, B. (2005). The Grammar of the English VerbPhrase Volume 1: The Grammar of the English Tense System A ComprehensiveAnalysis. Germany: Mouten de Hruyter.
Denscombe, M. (1998). The Good Research Guide for small-scale social researchprojects (Fourth edition). Great Britain: Open University Press.
Dulay, H., Burt, M., & Krashen, S. (1982). Language Two. New York: OxfordUniversity Press.
Grenville, K. (2001). Writing from Start to Finish A six-step Guide. Australia:Allen & Unwin.
Harmawati, R. (2012). An Analysis of Errors in Using of the Simple Past Tense InThe Students Short Composition (A Case Study At The Eight Grade Students OfSmpn 3 Rongga Cihampelas). ---. Retrieved from:http://publikasi.stkipsiliwangi.ac.id/files/2012/09/09220294-RINA.pdf
Harmer, J. (2007). How to teach English (New Edition). England: PearsonEducation Limited.
Hasyim, S. (2002). Error Analysis in the Teaching of English. 4(1). 42-50.Retrieved from: http://puslit2.petra.ac.id/ejournal/
Hosseini, M., Taghizadeh, M. E., Abedin, M. J. Z., & Naseri, E. (2013). In theImportance of EFL Learners’ Writing Skill: Is there any Relation between WritingSkill and Content Score of English Essay Test?. International Letters of Socialand Humanistic Sciences, 6, 1-12. Retrieved from:https://www.scipress.com/ILSHS.6.1.pdf
Hoxha, E. K. (2015). Errors in the Foreign Language Learning Process.Interdisplinary Journal of Research And Development, 1(2), 97-100. Retrievedfrom: http://www.uamd.edu.al/new/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/17.Ermira-Kupthi.pdf
Huddleston, R., Pullum, G. K. (2005). A Student’s Introduction to EnglishGrammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jabeen, A. Kazemian, B., Mustafai, M. S. (2015). The Role of Error Analysis inTeaching and Learning Of Second And Foreign Language. Education AndLinguistics Research. 1(2). 52-61. Retrieved from:http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/elr/article/view/8189
Parrot, M. (2000). Grammar for English Language Teachers Second Edition.United Kingdom: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
Puspitasari, D. (2013). Grammatical Errors Made By The Second SemesterStudents In Writing II Subject In The English Education Department OfYogyakarta State University in the Academic Year of 2012/ 2013. (Bachelorsthesis, Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia). Retrieved from:http://eprints.uny.ac.id/20520/
Rahman, M. S., & Ali, MD. M. (2015). Problems in Mastering English Tense andAspect and the Role of the Practitioners. Journal of Humanities and SocialScience. 20 (4), 131-135. Retrieved from: http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol20-issue4/Version-1/U02041131135.pdf
Rosenwasser, D., Stephen, J. (2003). Writing Analytically. (Third Edition). USA:Michael Rosenburg.
Suleiman, M. F. (2000). The Process of Writing: Implications for ElementarySchool Teachers. Document Resume, 026, 1-11. Retrieved from:https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED442299.pdf
Wilkinson, D., Birmingham, P. (2003). Using Research Instruments A Guide toResearch Instruments. London: RoutledgeFalmer.