8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
1/54
8th AnnualFault and Disturbance AnalysisConference
April 25-26, 2005 Atlanta, Georgia
presents www.pe.gatech.org
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
2/54
Program Outline
Monday, April 25, 20058:00 Registration
Global Learning Center8:30 Conference Opening
Welcoming RemarksA.P. Sakis MeliopoulosProfessor, School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRobert C. BaldwinChairman, Transient Record Users Council
Morning SessionChairman: Robert C. BaldwinCompany: Southern California Edison
8:40 Widows Creek Disturbance June 22, 2002 Relaying Problemsand Near-Misses
Gary L. KobetTennessee Valley Authority9:20 Using Synchronized Disturbance Recorders to Dissect a Complex
Short Duration EventDean Ellis, James W. Ingleson
NYISO10:00 BREAK10:20 An Examination of Possible Criteria for Triggering Swing
Recording in Disturbance RecordersJeffrey Pond, Leonard SwansonNational Grid USARich Hunt
NxtPhase T&D Corporation11:00 Synchronized Event Data Recording Report of an NPCC
Working GroupJohn R. FerraroNortheast Utilities
11:40 LUNCH
Afternoon SessionChairman:Jim HackettCompany: Mehta Tech
12:40 Daily Integrity Checks Using Automated DFRs Records Analysis
Claude Fecteau, Denis Larose, Raymond Begin,Jean-Guy LachanceIREQ, Hydro-Quebec
1:20 The Importance of Power System Event AnalysisRussell W. PattersonTennessee Valley Authority
2:00 BREAK2:20 Monitoring and Recording Power System Disturbances at SCE Using
Synchronized Phasor Measurement TechnologyBharat Bhargava, Bob Baldwin, George D. Rodriguez,Armando Salazar
Southern California Edison3:00 Display and Discussion of Actual Fault Records Brought by
ParticipantsBill Royse, ModeratorProgress Energy
3:40 Users ForumAlan D. Baker, ModeratorFlorida Power & Light Co.
9:20 Using a Multiple Analog Input Distance Relay as a DFRDennis DenisonEntergy Arkansas
10:00 BREAK
10:20 Using Digital Fault Recorder Data to Create Reports Complying toNational StandardsPatrick DonatoTransco, PhilippinesJohn SperrAmetek Power Instruments
10:50 Phasor Data Accuracy Enhancement in a Multi-Vendor EnvironmentA. P. Meliopoulos, G. J. CokkinidesGeorgia Institute of Technology
11:20 A Cost Effective Solution for High Speed Recording in EHVF. Ghassemi, J. MerronQualitrol-Hathaway InstrumentsTom Cumming, Finlay MacLeodScottish Power Plc
11:50 LUNCH
Afternoon SessionChairman: Robert M. OrndorffCompany: Dominion Virginia Power
1:00 Waveform Storage in IEEE COMTRADE and IEEE PQDIFStandards: Comparison and Examples for Format ConversionDaniel Sabin, Wieslaw Jerry Olechiw
Electrotek Concepts1:40 Power System Fault Analysis Using Fault Reporting
Juergen HolbachSiemens Power T&D
2:20 Electrical Resynchronization in the Peruvian Power SystemFrancisco TorresComite de OperacionYofre JacomeRed de Energia del Peru
3:00 Automated Analysis Functions for IED-Recorded Data:Implementation and Integration
Mladen KezunovicTexas A&M UniversityJ. Lucey, R. LunsfordCenterPoint EnergyI. BarrasEntergy ServicesT. PopovicTLI, Inc.
3:40 Impedance-Based Fault Location ExperienceKarl ZimmermanSchweitzer Engineering
4:20 IEC 61850 and Disturbance RecordingAlexander ApostolovAREVA T&D Automation
5:00 ADJOURN
PAPERS WITHOUT PRESENTATION
U N W l T h f Ad S l Ph A l f
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
3/54
2005
Planning Committee
Roster
Registration
Four Easy Ways to Register
After you register, you will receive A conrmation letter with detailedinstructions.
ONLINE: www.pe.gatech.edu
FAX: (404) 894-8925
MAIL: Georgia Institute of TechnologyProfessional EducationR
P.O. Box 93686
Atlanta, Georgia 30377-0686
PHONE: (404) 385-3501 between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.
Continuing Education UnitsEach participant completing the course successfully will earn 1.4
CEUs. You may request a certicate of completion showing the numberof CEUs you have earned by calling (404) 385-3514.
Course Location and AccommodationsThe conference will be held at the Global Learning & Conference
Center (GLCC) which is located in Technology Square at 84 5th Street,
N.W., Atlanta, Georgia ve blocks north of the Renaissance Hotel. Theregistration fee includes a copy of the conference proceedings, a CD ofthe conference proceedings, and refreshments. Extra copies of the pro-ceedings may be purchased during the conference for $20each, or afterthe conference for $70each. Conference delegates should preregister assoon as possible.
A block of rooms has been reserved for the program registrants, butwill be released four weeks prior to the program at theRenaissance At-lanta Hotel Downtown, which is located at 590 West Peachtree Street,
N.W., Atlanta, Georgia. The Renaissance Hotel will be the location of
the hospitality suites. Mention that you are attending a Georgia Techprogram for a special room rate of $130. For hotel reservations, call (404)881-6000.
For additional lodging options, visit our website at www.pe.gatech.eduand click on Visitor Information.
The Georgia Tech Professional Education Department is not respon-sible for any hotel cancellation charges, penalties, billing discrepancies.
Convenient parking is available in the area. Georgia Tech ProfessionalEducation does not refund nor validate parking.
Hospitality SuitesParticipants are encouraged to visit the hospitality suites that will be
open after 5:00 p.m. on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday of the conferenceat the Renaissance Atlanta Hotel Downtown.
Cancellations and RefundsT l i i d i f ll f d ll
Alexander ApostolovAlstom T&D EAI2950 Bentley Ave., Unit 4Los Angeles, CA 90064
310-478-5967 (P)[email protected]@tde.alstom.com
Alan D. Baker SPO/JBFlorida Power & Light Co.P.O. Box 14000, SPO/JB
Juno Beach, FL 33408-0420561-694-4787 (P) 561 694-3177 (F)[email protected]
Robert C. BaldwinSouthern California Edison501 So Marengo Ave.Grid Control Bldg. AGAlhambra, CA 91803626-308-6809 (P), 626-437-5158 (F)[email protected]
Dave BertagnolliISO - New EnglandOne Sullivan Road
Holyoke, MA 01040413-535-4330 (P), 413-535-4343 (F)[email protected]
Greg BradleyUtility Systems Inc.8431 Castlewood DriveIndianapolis, IN 46250317-842-7500 (P), 317-849-7600 (F)[email protected]
Phillip L. CorlissQualitrol Corp/Hathaway Inst. Div.2 Inverness Drive East, Suite 106Englewood, CO 80112303-925-1512 (P), 303-799-8880 (F)[email protected]
Dean EllisNew York ISO, Inc.
Jim HackettMehta Tech Inc.208 North 12th AvenueBox 350
Eldridge, Iowa 52748563-285-9151 (P) 563-285-7576 (F)[email protected]
Harish MehtaMehta Tech, Inc.208 North 12th AvenueBox 350Eldridge, IA 52748563-285-9151 (P) 563-285-7576 (F)[email protected]
A. P. Sakis MeliopoulosSchool of Electrical & ComputerEngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA 30332-0250404-894-2926 (P) 404-894-4641 (F)[email protected]
Tony NapikoskiUnited Illuminating
801 Bridgeport AvenueShelton, CT 06484-4714203-926-4618 (P) 203-926-4664 (F)[email protected]
Robert OrndorffDominion Virginia Power2400 Grayland Avenue, First FloorRichmond, VA 23220804-257-4960 (P) 804-257-4611 (F)[email protected]
Bill RoyseProgress Energy, OHS-7412 S. Wilmington StreetP. O. Box 1551Raleigh, NC 27602919-546-3105 (P) 919-546-2684 (F)[email protected]
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
4/54
Electrical Resynchronization in the Peruvian Power System.
Francisco Torres Garca, M.Sc., Eng.Comit de Operacin Econmica del SEIN
(COES SINAC)
Yofr Jcome Depaz, Eng.Red de Energa del Per
(REP)
Abstract:This paper describes the analysis of a fault in the Peruvian Power System, and an Out-of-Step andresynchronization events after it between the Southern-Western Region and The National Grid. The paperdescribes theoretically the phenomenon, and shows the analysis made using digital transient recorders, withthat was possible to demonstrate the electrical separation between two regions of the Peruvian Power systemand the resynchronization of them after some generation shedding.
1- Introduction
The connection of two power systems between a transmission line which has a capacity under (10%- 15%)[2]of the small power system, is called a Weak connection
In power systems with weak connections is necessarily to have enough reserve in order tomaintain stability. The operation of this connections near the stability limits can originate frequencyor power oscillations
If each one of the interconnected systems could regulate its power momentarily in such a way thatthe generation is exactly the load of the system for a frequency of 60 Hertz, then the frequency inthe systems would stay constant. Any variation of the frequency in each one of the systemsimmediately would be compensated by its respective variation of the generation. Unfortunately, thisregulation cannot be made
Any difference between the power and load means a change in the frequency, which also causes theaction of the primary regulators that gradually change the generation.
From the analysis of the interchanged power variations and the oscillations that appear, these
oscillations are divided in the following types[3]
1.- Control modes;2.- Interarea modes;3.- Local modes;4.- Unstable modes;5.- Torsional modes.
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
5/54
The analyses of real events like the ones described previously, are made from the data obtained inthe SCADA systems, the protective relays and the transient recorders. The transient recorders,
capture many parameters of the event such as voltage and current with high resolution. TheTransient recorders nowadays have multiple capacities such as register waveform, digital signals,rms values, frequency, etc, and the samples intervals are configurable and can go from themilliseconds to the hours
In The Peruvian Power System using the transient recorders, which are installed in different pointsfrom the electrical system, an interesting phenomenon originated by the disconnection of a line wasrecorded. This disconnection produced a loss of synchronism of the Southeastern region.
This loss of synchronism was not detected by the separation of areas scheme, for that reason the
Southeastern region did not separate of the national grid; staying connected with a overfrequency.This phenomenon is known as a loss of frequency stability.
2. Power System Stability
The stability is a condition of balance between opposite forces. The mechanism by which thesynchronous machines interconnected maintain synchronism is by forces which tend to accelerateor decelerate the machines with respect to a reference. Under stable conditions, there are anequilibrium in a machine between the mechanical torque and the electrical torque considering a
constant speed. If the system has a perturbation, this balance finishes, and an acceleration ordeceleration of the generators rotors take place. If a generator temporarily is accelerated overanother one, the angular position of its rotor is increased. The angular difference transfers part ofthe load of the slowest machine to fastest, depending on its relation power-angle
The relation power-angle is nonlinear. Over a certain limit (90) an increase in the angularseparation is accompanied by a decrement in the transferred power and causes more instability. Insome situations, the stability of the system depends of the angular position on the rotor.
When a Synchronous generator loses synchronism (an out-of-the-step condition), the rotor isaccelerated. This originate fluctuations in power, voltage and current in the machine; so that theprotection relays trip and isolate the machine of the system.
The loss of synchronism can happen between a machine and the system or among groups ofmachines. Its possible to recover stability in the system insolating the machine that caused thiscondition.
In electrical power systems, the change in the electrical torque of a synchronous machine followed adisturbance has two components:
Te = TS. + TD.
where:
TS. ; Is known as the Synchronizing torque.
TD.; Is know as the dumping torque.
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
6/54
)1.3(Sen
TX
RE
SE
RP
SPP ===
In which, it is observed that the maximum transferable power depends on:- the voltages of the equivalent sources- the total impedance of connection- the angle between the voltage of the two equivalent sources.
Considering that both systems are strong, it would be possible to be assumed that the voltageswould stay constants; for that reason when the angular difference between the equivalent sources is
increased, the power has describe a change as it is shown in the figure 3.2.As we increased the flow through the transmitssion lines, the angle between the two sources isincreased, when the angular difference is 90 this point is known as the Point of maximumtransference, also known as the limit of static stability.
Figure 3.1 Power system with twogenerators.
Figure 3.2 Active power & angle betweensources.
The power swing can be produced by load changes, generation changes or faults. In order to analyzethe behavior of the power oscillations in a interconnection line between two systems, we will analyze afault in one interconnection line.
When a fault in the line B in the figure 3.1 happened, the power transmitted by the line A describedifferent states, the three states are:
- Pre-fault- Fault (Short circuit in the line B)- Post-fault (The fault is cleared)
We will have a different maximum power for eachone of these states, the most critical case is duringth f lt b i th t diti th
f
Oscilacin de potenciainestable
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
7/54
We also can draw the behaviors of the angle & the time, for stable and unstable oscillations, as it isshown in the figure 3.4.
Every power swing appears between two generators or groups of generators, which try to look for anew point of balance after a change in the parameters of the system or variables of state.
These oscillations are present in all the system, the severe oscillations are in the electrical center ofoscillation, in this point the voltage can arrive at values near "0". The location of this electrical centerdepends on the generators location (sources) and the impedances among them (such as lines,transformers, etc).
Assuming that the electrical center of figure 3,1 after the disconnection of line "B", is in the line "A".
When the angle "" is increased, the voltage in the electrical center diminish as is in figure 3.5. Thisdiminution of the voltage originates that the impedance seen by the distance relays near the electricalcenter enters to the operation zones of them.
90
ES
ER
ES
ES
ER
ER
ECECEC 0180
270
'
"
Figure 3.5Phasors diagram of voltages in the system
The nearest distance relays to the electrical center are most susceptible to the power swing. There aremany ways to block the relays during these power swings.
One way to determinate if a power swing is stable or unstable is using the measurements done by thedistance relays, using the characteristic of impedance of the distance relays it is possible to determinedthe state of the power swing, in the figure 3.6 is shown the impedance seen by a distance relays in three
stages
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
8/54
Figure 3.6Power and impedance during a power swing
Point 1, is known as the limit of steady-state stability.Point 2, is known as the limit of transient stability,Point3, is known as the point of loss of synchronism.
The power systems would be separated before the point of loss of synchronism, for that reason theresome schemes of area separation as it is shown in the figure.
Figure 3.7An area separation scheme.
What happen if we have an out-of-step, and we do not separate the areas?
The Out-of-Step (loss of synchronism) means that both systems are electrically separated butphysically connected. The electrical separation, means that the frequency in both systems are different,in the time the frequency in the subsystem that lost synchronism is increased gradually, whereas in theother subsystem the frequency tends to diminish.
In the figure is shown an out-of-step condition originated by a fault in a line, is observed that in thesystem that loses synchronism the frequency is increased.
100 MW
50 MW
Grid
70 MW 30 MW 40 MW
Point of disconnection
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
9/54
Figure 3.8Frequency and angle during an out-of-step condition.
In the Peruvian Power system there some area separation under out-of-step conditions, but it happenedan event in which the conditions of the system originated that the electrical center of oscillation was ina power autotransformer, and the distance relays did not detect the out-of-step condition, this eventclearly was identified with the use of the transient recorders.
4. An Out-of Step-Condition and the Electrical Resynchronization in the Peruvian Power System.)
The Southeastern region of the Peruvian power system is shown in the figure
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
10/54
This region is interconnected to the national grid through two connections, the lines L-1008/1020(Quencoro-Socabaya) and L-1011/1012 (Azngaro-Puno). In these connections the lines have powerswing blocking, and trip under out-of-step condition; in addition the San Gabn Hydroelectric hasimplemented schemes of tripping generation in case of lost of synchronism.
This event happened in October of 2002, In this event the line L-1008 tripped by a fault originated bylightnings, in the figure 4.2 is show the record of the tripping, After the tripping, San Gabn andMachupicchu tried to be evacuated the power through the connection Azngaro - Puno (L-1011/1012),producing an out-of-step-condition.
The electrical center of the power swing was in the Punos autotransformer, for that reason the distancerelays implemented for the area separation scheme did not detect the out-of-step-condition
IA
IB
IC
VA
VB
IA
IB
IC
VA
VB
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
11/54
FRECUENCY OF THE SYSTEMFault in the li ne Tintaya-Callalli (L-1008)
09-Oct-02 Hora : 13:09 h
58.90
59.40
59.90
60.40
60.90
61.40
61.90
62.40
62.90
63.40
63.90
64.40
64.90
13:0
7:00
13:0
7:10
13:0
7:20
13:0
7:30
13:0
7:40
13:0
7:50
13:0
8:00
13:0
8:10
13:0
8:20
13:0
8:30
13:0
8:40
13:0
8:50
13:0
9:00
13:0
9:10
13:0
9:20
13:0
9:30
13:0
9:40
13:0
9:50
13:1
0:00
13:1
0:10
13:1
0:20
13:1
0:30
13:1
0:40
13:1
0:50
13:1
1:00
13:1
1:10
13:1
1:20
13:1
1:30
13:1
1:40
13:1
1:50
13:1
2:00
Tiempo (s)
Frecuen
cia
(Hz)
Area Sur-Este with
over frecuency
SEIN with lower-frecuency
62 seconds62 seconds
Hand desconected of
the group of the
CH. Machupicchu
Desconectin
of load
Hand reduction of
load of the CH. San
Gabn
FRECUENCY OF THE SYSTEMFault in the li ne Tintaya-Callalli (L-1008)
09-Oct-02 Hora : 13:09 h
58.90
59.40
59.90
60.40
60.90
61.40
61.90
62.40
62.90
63.40
63.90
64.40
64.90
13:0
7:00
13:0
7:10
13:0
7:20
13:0
7:30
13:0
7:40
13:0
7:50
13:0
8:00
13:0
8:10
13:0
8:20
13:0
8:30
13:0
8:40
13:0
8:50
13:0
9:00
13:0
9:10
13:0
9:20
13:0
9:30
13:0
9:40
13:0
9:50
13:1
0:00
13:1
0:10
13:1
0:20
13:1
0:30
13:1
0:40
13:1
0:50
13:1
1:00
13:1
1:10
13:1
1:20
13:1
1:30
13:1
1:40
13:1
1:50
13:1
2:00
Tiempo (s)
Frecuen
cia
(Hz)
Area Sur-Este with
over frecuency
SEIN with lower-frecuency
62 seconds62 seconds
Hand desconected of
the group of the
CH. Machupicchu
Desconectin
of load
Hand reduction of
load of the CH. San
Gabn
From the superposition of frequencies it is observed that the frequency in the Southeastern regionreached a value of 64,87 Hz, whereas in the SEIN a frequency reached a value of 59,28 Hertz;behaving like two separated regions.
The generation shedding during the out-of-step condition originate a resynchronization after 62
seconds. During this time the Southeastern region was physically connected but electricallydisconnected.
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
12/54
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
13/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 1
88thth
FAULT AND DISTURBANCE ANALYSIS CONFERENCEFAULT AND DISTURBANCE ANALYSIS CONFERENCE
252526 April, 200526 April, 2005
Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, GeorgiaU.S.A.U.S.A.
ELECTRICAL RESYNCHRONIZATIONELECTRICAL RESYNCHRONIZATION
IN THE PERUVIAN POWER SYSTEMIN THE PERUVIAN POWER SYSTEM
ExpositoresExpositores::
Francisco Torres GarciaFrancisco Torres GarciaCOESCOES
Yofre JacomeYofre Jacome DepazDepazREPREP
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
14/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 2
OUTLINE
Power System Stability
Power Swing and OutPower Swing and Out--ofof--Step.Step.
OutOut--ofof--Step and Resynchronization in theStep and Resynchronization in the
Peruvian Power System.Peruvian Power System.
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
15/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 3
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
Stability = balance Mechanical Torque = Electrical Torque
w(speed) = constant.
Te = TS. + TD. TS. ; Is known as the Synchronizing torque.
TD. ; Is know as the dumping torque
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
16/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 4
THE SYNCRONOUS MACHINE MODEL
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
17/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 5
A Machine connected to a Power System
VR
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
18/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 6
POWER & TIME
Stable Oscillatory
Unstable
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
19/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 7
ANGLE & TIME
stable. Oscillatory
Unstable
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
20/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 8
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
21/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 9
EQUAL-AREA CRITERION CRITIC TIME
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
22/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 10
FAULT DURATION
Stable Instable
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
23/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 11
OUTLINE
Power System StabilityPower System Stability
Power Swing and OutPower Swing and Out--ofof--Step.Step.
OutOut--ofof--Step and Resynchronization in theStep and Resynchronization in the
Peruvian Power System.Peruvian Power System.
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
24/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 12
POWER SWING
-Every Power swing, has an electricalcenter.
-The location of the electrical center
depends of the impedance betweengenerators (lines, transformers, etc)
-An increase in the angle means adecrease in the voltage in the electrical
center.
90
ES
ER
ES
ES
ER
ER
ECECEC 0180
270
'"
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
25/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 13
POWER SWING
P
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
26/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 14
Impedance seen by a Impedance relayIn the diagram:
RLS
RS
ZZZ
EEI
++
=
S
RLS
RSSSS Z
ZZZ
EEEIZEE
++
==
( ) SRLSRSS
EZZZEE
E
I
E
Z ++
==
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
27/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 15
Impedance seen by a Impedance relayConsiderations
If n = 1;
R
SSR E
EnnEE === ,,01
=
2cot1
2
1 j
EE
E
RS
S
SRLS ZjZZZZ
++= 2
cot12
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
28/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 16
Impedance seen by a Impedance relay
SRLS Zj
ZZZZ
++=
2cot1
2
R
X
ZL
ZR
-ZS
0.5ZT
0.5ZT (1-jcot/2)
seincrementaZ
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
29/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 17
COMPORTAMIENTO DE LOS RELES DE DISTANCIA
P1
P2
P3
P1 : Limit of steady-state stability
P2 : Limit of transient stability
P3 : Loss of synchronism
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
30/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 18
Impedance seen by a Impedance relayUnstable oscillations
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
31/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 19
Impedance seen by a Impedance relay
Unstable oscillations
Power
Angle
R
X
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
32/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 20
A RECORD DURING AN OUT-OF-STEP
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
33/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 21
An area separation scheme
100 MW
50 MW
Grid
70 MW 30 MW 40 MW
Point of disconnection
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
34/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 22
OUT-OF-STEP WITHOUT AREA SEPARATIONWhen we have an out-of-stepcondition between two system, thefrequency in both system aredifferent
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
35/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 23
OUT-OF-STEP WITHOUT AREA SEPARATIONIn the system shown, we aregoing to trip the line L-2
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
36/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 24
OUT-OF-STEP WITHOUT AREA SEPARATION
The angle is incremented inthe small system so that thefrequency is incremented.
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
37/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 25
OUT-OF-STEP WITHOUT AREA SEPARATION
Voltage and current rms
And power during an out-of-step condition
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
38/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 26
An Out-of-Step condition and the Electrical
Resynchronization in the Peruvian Power SystemThe Peruvian power system is dividedin three regions
Northern Region
Central Region
Southern Region
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
39/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 27
Region the problem
Resynchronization
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
40/54
PhPh h f l i O h d lih f l i O h d li
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
41/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 29
D i s p a r o1 0 / 0 9 / 2 0 0 2
0 1 : 1 0 : 4 6 P M . 7 8 7
0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .
i A / A
- 4
- 2
0
2
0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .
i B / A
- 5
0
5
0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .
i C / A
- 1 0
- 5
0
0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .
i N / A
- 7 . 5
- 5 . 0
- 2 . 5
0 . 02 . 5
0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .
v A / V
- 5 0
0
5 0
0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .
v B / V
- 5 0
0
5 0
0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .
v C / V
- 5 0
0
5 0
PhasePhase--toto--phase fault in an Overhead linephase fault in an Overhead line
Trip in Tintayaafter 71 ms
Phase to phase fault
Trip in Callalliafter 170 ms
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
42/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 30
Configuration of the system after the faultConfiguration of the system after the fault
SE CALLALLI
SE TINTAYA
CH MACHUPICCHU
SE TAMBURCO(ABANCAY)
SE AYAVIRI
GMALCO
SULZER
SE DOLORESPATA
SE TOTORANIPUNO
SE MOQUEGUA
SE JULIACA
SE AZANGARO
CH SAN GABN
SE COMBAPATASE CACHIMAYO
L-1012
L-1011
L-1010L-1013
L-1009
L-1006
L-1005
L-1004L-1003
L-1002
L-1001
L-1007
L-1008 L-1020
L-2030
CT TAPARACHI
CT BELLAVISTA
PUNO
IN-2428IN-2436
IN-6174
52-PUN-101252-JUL-1012
52-JUL-1011
52-AZA-1011
52-AZA-1010
52-AZA-1009
HCB-1075HCB-1074
52-AZA-100652-TIN-1006
52-TIN-1008
52-CAL-1008
52-CAL-1020
52-QUE-1005
SE QUENCORO
52-TIN-1005
52-QUE-1004
52-QUE-1002
Barra 1 Barra 2
Radial configuration
SEIN
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
43/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 31
OUTOUT--OFOF--STEPSTEP
SE CALLALLI
SE TINTAYA
CH MACHUPICCHU
SE TAMBURCO(ABANCAY)
SE AYAVIRI
GMALCO
SULZER
SE DOLORESPATA
SE TOTORANIPUNO
SE MOQUEGUA
SE JULIACA
SE AZANGARO
CH SAN GABN
SE COMBAPATASE CACHIMAYO
L-1012
L-1011
L-1010L-1013
L-1009
L-1006
L-1005
L-1004L-1003
L-1002
L-1001
L-1007
L-1008 L-1020
L-2030
CT TAPARACHI
CT BELLAVISTA
PUNO
IN-2428IN-2436
IN-6174
52-PUN-101252-JUL-1012
IN-52-1011
52-AZA-1011
52-AZA-1010
52-AZA-1009
HCB-1075HCB-1074
52-AZA-100652-TIN-1006
52-TIN-1008
52-CAL-1008
52-CAL-1020
52-QUE-1005
SE QUENCORO
52-TIN-1005
52-QUE-1004
52-QUE-1002
Barra 1 Barra 2
Overload of the lines and power swings
SEIN
O tO t ff t ditit diti
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
44/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 32
SE CALLALLI
SE TINTAYA
CH MACHUPICCHU
SE TAMBURCO(ABANCAY)
SE AYAVIRI
GMALCO
SULZER
SE DOLORESPATA
SE TOTORANIPUNO
SE MOQUEGUA
SE JULIACA
SE AZANGARO
CH SAN GABN
SE COMBAPATASE CACHIMAYO
L-1012
L-1011
L-1010L-1013
L-1009
L-1006
L-1005
L-1004L-1003
L-1002
L-1001
L-1007
L-1008 L-1020
L-2030
CT TAPARACHI
CT BELLAVISTA
PUNO
IN-2428IN-2436
IN-6174
52-PUN-101252-JUL-1012
52-JUL-1011
52-AZA-1011
52-AZA-1010
52-AZA-1009
HCB-1075HCB-1074
52-AZA-100652-TIN-1006
52-TIN-1008
52-CAL-1008
52-CAL-1020
52-QUE-1005
SE QUENCORO
52-TIN-1005
52-QUE-1004
52-QUE-1002
Barra 1 Barra 2
Digital Fault Recorder
SEIN
OutOut--ofof--step conditionstep condition
OUTOUT OFOF STEPSTEP
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
45/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 33
Disparo
10/09/2002
01:09:06 PM.380
t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2
channel 2 R/Volt
-10
0
10
t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2
channel 3 R/Volt
-10
0
10
t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2
channel 4 R/Volt
-10
0
10
t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2
channel 6 R/Volt
-50
0
t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2
channel 7 R/Volt
-50
0
t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2
channel 8 R/Volt
-50
0
OUTOUT--OFOF--STEPSTEP
5.18 Hz3..0 Hz
4.9 Hz2.18 Hz
The oscil lations after the L-1008 trip, record of the L-2030
OUTOUT OFOF STEP AND RESYNCRONIZATIONSTEP AND RESYNCRONIZATION
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
46/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 34
D i s p a r o
1 0 /0 9 /2 0 0 2
0 1 :0 9 :0 6 P M .3 8 0
t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5
c h a n n e l 2 R /V o l t
- 1 0
0
1 0
t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5
c h a n n e l 3 R /V o l t
- 1 0
0
1 0
t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5
c h a n n e l 4 R /V o l t
- 1 0
0
1 0
t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5
c h a n n e l 6 R /V o l t
- 5 0
0
t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5
c h a n n e l 7 R /V o l t
- 5 0
0
t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5
c h a n n e l 8 R /V o l t
- 5 0
0
t/ s0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5
c h a n n e l 1 6
c h a n n e l 1 5
c h a n n e l 1 4
c h a n n e l 1 3
c h a n n e l 1 2
c h a n n e l 1 1
c h a n n e l 1 0
c h a n n e l 9
c h a n n e l 8
c h a n n e l 7
c h a n n e l 6
c h a n n e l 5c h a n n e l 4
c h a n n e l 3
c h a n n e l 2
c h a n n e l 1
OUTOUT--OFOF--STEP AND RESYNCRONIZATIONSTEP AND RESYNCRONIZATION
After 62 sec, and some generation shedding, both system were electrically connected
62 seconds
The resynchronizationThe resynchronization
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
47/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 35
t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
channel 2 R/Volt
-10
0
10
t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
channel 3 R/Volt
-10
0
10
t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
channel 4 R/Volt
-10
0
10
t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
channel 6 R/Volt
-50
0
t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
channel 7 R/Volt
-50
0
t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
channel 8 R/Volt
-50
0
2.4 Hz 1.5 Hz 1.2 Hz 1.8 Hz
The last seconds of the event
The resynchronizationThe resynchronization
FREQUENCIES IN BOTH SYSTEMSFREQUENCIES IN BOTH SYSTEMS
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
48/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 36
SYSTEM FREQUENCIESFault in the L-1008
time : 13:09 h
58.90
59.40
59.90
60.40
60.90
61.40
61.90
62.40
62.90
63.40
63.90
64.40
64.90
13:07:00
13:07:10
13:07:20
13:07:30
13:07:40
13:07:50
13:08:00
13:08:10
13:08:20
13:08:30
13:08:40
13:08:50
13:09:00
13:09:10
13:09:20
13:09:30
13:09:40
13:09:50
13:10:00
13:10:10
13:10:20
13:10:30
13:10:40
13:10:50
13:11:00
13:11:10
13:11:20
13:11:30
13:11:40
13:11:50
13:12:00
Time (s)
Frequ
ency
(Hz)
Frequency of thesoutheastern region
Frequency inthe NationalGrid (SEIN)
FREQUENCIES IN BOTH SYSTEMSFREQUENCIES IN BOTH SYSTEMS
PRDIDA DE SINCRONISMOPRDIDA DE SINCRONISMO
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
49/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 37
DEL REA SURDEL REA SUR--ESTEESTE
FRECUENCIAS EN EL SISTEMAFalla en la Lnea Tintaya-Callalli (L-1008)
09-Oct-02 Hora : 13:09 h
58.90
59.40
59.90
60.40
60.90
61.40
61.90
62.40
62.90
63.40
63.90
64.40
64.90
13:07:00
13:07:10
13:07:20
13:07:30
13:07:40
13:07:50
13:08:00
13:08:10
13:08:20
13:08:30
13:08:40
13:08:50
13:09:00
13:09:10
13:09:20
13:09:30
13:09:40
13:09:50
13:10:00
13:10:10
13:10:20
13:10:30
13:10:40
13:10:50
13:11:00
13:11:10
13:11:20
13:11:30
13:11:40
13:11:50
13:12:00
Tiempo (s)
Frecuencia
(Hz)
Over frequency inthe southeasternarea
SEIN with under frequency
62 segundos
Trip of generation
Load shedding
Trip of generation
T T TVOLTAGES DURING THE OUT OF TSTEP
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
50/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 38
VOLTAGES DURING THE OUTVOLTAGES DURING THE OUT--OFOF--STEPSTEPBETWEEN TINTAYA_138kVBETWEEN TINTAYA_138kV MOQUEGUA_220kVMOQUEGUA_220kV
SE CALLALLI
SE TINTAYA
CH MACHUPICCHU
SE TAMBURCO(ABANCAY)
SE AYAVIRI
GMALCO
SULZER
SE DOLORESPATA
SE TOTORANIPUNO
SE MOQUEGUA
SE JULIACA
SE AZANGARO
CH SAN GABN
SE COMBAPATASE CACHIMAYO
L-1012
L-1011
L-1010L-1013
L-1009
L-1006
L-1005
L-1004L-1003
L-1002
L-1001
L-1007
L-1008 L-1020
L-2030
CT TAPARACHI
CT BELLAVISTA
PUNO
IN-2428IN-2436
IN-6174
52-PUN-101252-JUL-1012
52-JUL-1011
52-AZA-1011
52-AZA-1010
52-AZA-1009
HCB-1075HCB-1074
52-AZA-100652-TIN-1006
52-TIN-1008
52-CAL-1008
52-CAL-1020
52-QUE-1005
SE QUENCORO
52-TIN-1005
52-QUE-1004
52-QUE-1002
Barra 1 Barra 2
VOLTAGES RECORDED
SEIN
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
51/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 39
t/s9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9
K2:Va a_1/kV
-100
-50
0
50
100
8 R/Volt
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
t/s9.050 9.075 9.100 9.125 9.150 9.175 9.200 9.225 9.250 9.275 9.300 9.325 9.350
K2:Va a_1/k
-100
-50
0
50
100
R/Volt
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
Voltage in MoqueguaVoltage in Tintaya
VOLTAGES DURING THE OUTVOLTAGES DURING THE OUT--OFOF--STEP CONDITIONSTEP CONDITION
FRECUENCIAS EN EL SISTEMAFalla en la Lnea Tintaya-Callalli (L-1008)
SEIN
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
52/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 40
09-Oct-02 Hora : 13:09 h
58.90
59.40
59.90
60.40
60.90
61.40
61.90
62.40
62.90
63.40
63.90
64.40
64.90
13:07
:00
13:07
:10
13:07
:20
13:07
:30
13:07
:40
13:07
:50
13:08
:00
13:08
:10
13:08
:20
13:08
:30
13:08
:40
13:08
:50
13:09
:00
13:09
:10
13:09
:20
13:09
:30
13:09
:40
13:09
:50
13:10
:00
13:10
:10
13:10
:20
13:10
:30
13:10
:40
13:10
:50
13:11
:00
13:11
:10
13:11
:20
13:11
:30
13:11
:40
13:11
:50
13:12
:00
Tiempo (s)
Frecuencia
(Hz)
Frecuencia delArea Sur-Este
Frecuencia del SEIN
SEINVOLTAGEFREQUENCYANGLE
FREQUENCY STABILITY
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
53/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 41
CONCLUSIONS
1. The weak interconnection are exposed to out-of-step conditions2. When we have an out-of-step condition, the system must be separated in
order to protect the system. The point of separation must be evaluatedcarefully.
3. It is possible to recover stability after an out-of-step condition
(resynchronization), but this condition is dangerous for the machines andthe system
4. The Digital Fault Recorders are a important tool for power systemanalysis.
8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin
54/54
27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 42
QUESTIONS?