Function of heart: pump
The functional cardiovascular system is vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and shipping CO2 and waste from them.
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart
• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery
Heart Position
– In mediastinum between second rib and fifth intercostal space
– On superior surface of diaphragm
– Two-thirds of heart to left of midsternal line
– Anterior to vertebral column, posterior to sternum
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart
• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium
Superficial;
Protects, anchors to surrounding structures, and prevents overfilling
Pericardium: parietal and visceral
Two layers separated by fluid-filled pericardial cavity
Decreases friction
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart
• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery
Layers of the Heart Wall: Three layers
– Epicardium: Visceral layer of serous pericardium
– Myocardium
– Endocardium:
Layers of the Heart Wall: Three layers
– Epicardium: Visceral layer of serous pericardium
– Myocardium: Cardiac muscle cells
– Endocardium:
Layers of the Heart Wall: Three layers
– Epicardium: Visceral layer of serous pericardium
– Myocardium: Cardiac muscle cells
– Endocardium: Simple squamous epithelium
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart
• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery
Cardiac valves: four
Mitral valveTricuspid valveAortic valvePulmonary valve
Semilunar valves
Atrioventricular valves
Cardiac valves: four
Mitral valveTricuspid valveAortic valvePulmonary valve
Semilunar valves
Atrioventricular valves
Cardiac valves: four
Mitral valveTricuspid valveAortic valvePulmonary valve
Semilunar valves
Atrioventricular valves
Cardiac valves: four
Mitral valveTricuspid valveAortic valvePulmonary valve
Semilunar valves
Atrioventricular valves
Cardiac valves: four
Mitral valveTricuspid valveAortic valvePulmonary valve
Semilunar valves
Atrioventricular valves
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart
• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery
Functions of cardiac valves (1):Mitral and tricuspid valve
One way movement of blood: from atria to ventriclesSeparating atria to ventricles
Functions of cardiac valves (2):Aortic and pulmonary valve
One way movement of blood: from ventricles to bodySeparating ventricles from body
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart
• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery
Four Heart Chambers
• Right atrium
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Four Heart Chambers
• Right atrium: from all body except lung
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium: from lung
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Four Heart Chambers: systemic circuit
• Right atrium: from all body except lung
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium: from lung
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Pulmonary circuit: pulmonary circuit
• Right atrium: from all body except lung
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium: from lung
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart
• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery
Systemic circuit: Four Heart Chambers
• Right atrium: from all body except lung
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium: from lung
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Pulmonary circuit: Four Heart Chambers
• Right atrium: from all body except lung
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium: from lung
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart
• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery
Summary of heart chambers
• Right atrium
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Summary of heart chambers
• Right atrium
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Summary of heart chambers
• Right atrium
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Summary of heart chambers
• Right atrium
• Right ventricle: to lung
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle: to all body except lung
Summary of heart chambers
From To
Left ventricle
Left atrium Aorta, then all body except lung
Rightatrium
All body except lung,then superior and inferior vena cava
Right ventricle
Right ventricle
Right atrium Pulmonary artery,then lung
Left atrium
LungThen pulmonary vein
Left ventricle
• Pulmonary artery: deoxygenated blood
• Pulmonary vein: oxygenated blood
Oxygen-rich,CO2-poor blood
Oxygen-poor,CO2-rich blood
Summary of heart chambers
From left ventricle, aorta, all body except lung, vena cava to right atrium, taking oxygenated blood away from the heart to body and then carries deoxygenated blood back to heart.
Summary of heart chambers: Systemic circulation
from right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung, pulmonary vein, left atrium, carrying deoxygenated blood away from the heart, and then return oxygenated blood back to heart
Summary of heart chambers: pulmonary circulation
Summary of heart chambers: atrium
• Receiving chambers of heart:
– Right atrium
Receives blood returning from systemic circuit
– Left atrium
Receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit
Summary of heart chambers: ventricle
• Actual pumps of heart:
– Right ventricle
Pumps blood into pulmonary circulation
– Left ventricle
Pumps blood into systemic circulation
Summary of heart chambers: atrium Vs. ventricle
• Ventricle is thicker walls than atria
• Left ventricle is normally thicker than right one.
Summary of heart chambers
• Equal volumes of blood pumped to pulmonary and systemic circuits
• Pulmonary circuit short, low-pressure circulation
• Systemic circuit long, high-friction circulation
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart
• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery
Coronary artery
Rightcoronaryartery
Rightmarginalartery
Posteriorinterventricularartery Anterior
interventricularartery
Leftcoronaryartery
Circumflexartery
Characteristics of Coronary Artery
• Functional blood supply to heart muscle itself.
– Delivered when heart relaxed
– Cannot compensate for coronary artery occlusion