Animals
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: AnimaliaCharacteristics of the Kingdom Animalia:1) Acquire food via ingesting food then digesting the
contents (Heterotrophic)2) Capable of movement created by muscle tissues3) Multicellular 4) Adults are typically diploid5) Embryo undergoes specific developmental stages
8 PhylaPhylum Members
Porifera SpongesCnidaria Jelly fish, Sea anenome
Platyhelminthes FlatwormsNematoda Round wormsMollusca Snails, Slugs, OctopusAnnelida Earthworms
Echinodermata Starfish, Sea cucumbersArthropoda Spiders, Crabs, Insects
Chordata Sea squirts, Humans
Invertebrates versus Vertebrates
Endoskeleton: Bone and cartilage (human skeleton)
Exoskeleton: Armour on the outside (Crab shell)
Invertebrates versus Vertebrates
Endoskeleton: Bone and cartilage (human skeleton)Exoskeleton: Armour on the outside (Crab shell)Invertebrates: All phyla except chordata Have exoskeletons or no skeleton
at all.
Vertebrates: Only in the phylum chordata Have endoskeletons.
Levels of Organization
Three Possible Levels of Organization: 1) cellular organization 2) Tissue organization 3) Organ organization(Not all phyla have all three)
Germ LayersThree Possible Germ layers:1) Ectoderm (ecto = outside)2) Mesoderm (meso = middle)3) Endoderm (endo = inside)
Note:
• If all 3 germ layers are present = organ level of organization
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Type of Body PlanTwo Body Plans:1) Sac plan: Incomplete digestive System. One opening for food and waste
2) Tube within a tube plan: Complete
digestive system. Food and waste have their own openings in the body
Type of Symmetry
Two Types of Symmetry:Radial: Symmetrical along
the radius. If you cut the organism along its radius it will form identical parts.
Bilateral:
Type of Symmetry
Two Types of Symmetry:Radial: Symmetrical along
the radius. If you cut the organism along its radius it will form identical parts.
Bilateral: (Bi = in half) If you cut the organism down the middle they will create two symmetrical halves
Types of Symmetry
Asymmetrical: (A = not) Does not have symmetry along any axis
Segmentation
Segmentation: Repeating segments found along the length of the body.
Type of Body CavityCoelom: The part of the body
cavity that contains the organs
Three Types of Body Cavities
Type of Body CavityCoelom: The part of the body cavity
that contains the organs
Three Types of Body CavitiesAcoelomate: Organisms that have no
coelom
Pseudocoelomate: Part of the coelom is bordered by endoderm the rest borders mesoderm
Coelomate: The entire coelom is bordered by mesoderm