7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
1/15
AP Biology 2007-2008
Domain
Eubacteria
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
Common ancestor
Kingdom Animals
Domain Eukarya
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
2/15
AP Biology
Animal Characteristics
!eterotro"hs must ingest others #or nutrients
$ulticellular
com"le% bodies &o cell 'alls
allo's acti(e mo(ement
)e%ual re"roduction no alternation o# generations
no ha"loid gameto"hyte
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
3/15
AP Biology
Pori#era
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
s"onges *elly#ish #lat'orms round'orms
&ematoda
$ollusca Arthro"oda Chordata
Annelida Echinodermata
mollusks
multicellularity
Ancestral Protist
tissues
bilateral symmetry
body ca(ity
segmentation
Animal E(olution
coelom
star#ish (ertebrates
endoskeleton
segmented'orms
insectss"iders
backbone
s"eciali+ation , body com"le%ity
s"eciali+ed structure , #unction
muscle , ner(e tissue
distinct body "lan. ce"hali+ation
body com"le%ity
digesti(e , re"ro sys
digesti(e sys
body si+e
redundancy
s"eciali+ation mobility
body , brain
si+e mobility
radial
bilateral
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
4/15
AP Biology
Body Ca(ity ectoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
mesodermendoderm
acoelomate
"seudocoelomate
coelomate
coelom ca(ity
"seudocoel
)"ace #or organ systemde(elo"ment increase digesti(e ,
re"roducti(e systems increase #ood ca"acity ,
digestion
increase gamete"roduction
Coelem mesoderm , endoderm
interact during
de(elo"ment allo's com"le%
structures to de(elo" indigesti(e system e%/ stomach
"rotostome (s/ deuterostome
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
5/15
AP Biology
n(ertebrate Pori#era
)"onges no distinct tissues or organs
do ha(e s"eciali+ed cells
no symmetry sessile 1as adults
#ood taken into each
cell by endocytosis
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
6/15
AP Biology
n(ertebrate Cnidaria
3elly#ish hydra sea anemone coral tissues but no
organs
t'o cell layers
radial symmetry "redators tentacles surround
gut o"ening
e%tracellulardigestion release en+ymes
into gut ca(ity
absor"tion by cellslining gut
medusa"oly"
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
7/15
AP Biology
hydra
stinging cell
'ith nematocyst
trigger
dischargednematocyst
undischargednematocyst
tentacles
mouth
sensory
cell
stingingcell
)tinging cells o# Cnidarians
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
8/15
AP Biology
n(ertebrate Platyhelminthes
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
4lat'orms ta"e'orm "lanaria
mostly "arasitic
bilaterally symmetrical
ha(e right , le#t , then ha(ehead 1anterior end , "osterior end
ce"hali+ation5de(elo"ment o# brain
concentration o# sense organs in head
increase s"eciali+ation in body "lan
Animals now
face the world
head on!
acoelomate
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
9/15
AP Biology
n(ertebrate &ematoda
6ound'orms bilaterally symmetrical body ca(ity
"seudocoelom 5 sim"le body ca(ity
digesti(e system tube running through length o# body 1mouth to anus
many are "arasitic hook'orm
C. elegans
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
10/15
AP Biology
n(ertebrate $ollusca
$ollusks slugs snails clams suid bilaterally symmetrical 1'ith e%ce"tions so#t bodies mostly "rotected by hard shells
true coelem increases com"le%ity , s"eciali+ation o# internal organs
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
11/15
AP Biology
n(ertebrate Annelida
)egmented 'orms earth'orms leeches segments
increase mobility
redundancy in body sections bilaterally symmetrical true coelem
#an 'orm leech
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
12/15
AP Biology
n(ertebrate Arthro"oda
)"iders insects crustaceans most success#ul animal "hylum
bilaterally symmetrical
segmented
s"eciali+ed segments
allo's *ointed a""endages
e%oskeleton chitin 1carbohydrate
"rotein
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
13/15
AP Biology
Arthro"od grou"s
insects9 legs : body "arts
crustaceansgills 2 "airs antennae
crab lobster barnacles
shrim"
arachnids8 legs 2 body "artss"iders ticks scor"ions
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
14/15
AP Biology
n(ertebrate Echinodermata
)tar#ish sea urchins sea cucumber radially symmetrical as adults s"iny endoskeleton deuterostome loss o# bilateral symmetry;
7/23/2019 Animalia Foglia 1
15/15
AP Biology
n(ertebrate uick check