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Anxiety & Depression Anxiety & Depression DisordersDisorders

AnxietyAnxiety

Feeling of uneasy or worry Feeling of uneasy or worry about what may happen.about what may happen. Positive AnxietyPositive Anxiety => motivating => motivating

(school, athletics, community, (school, athletics, community, special cause)special cause)

Negative AnxietyNegative Anxiety => lack of => lack of concentration, fear or dread.concentration, fear or dread. Symptoms = perspiration, trembling, Symptoms = perspiration, trembling,

restlessness, muscle tension, rapid restlessness, muscle tension, rapid heart beat, lightheaded, or shortness heart beat, lightheaded, or shortness of breath.of breath.

Types of Anxiety DisordersTypes of Anxiety Disorders

Panic DisorderPanic Disorder = extreme fear = extreme fear and dread strike unexpectedly and and dread strike unexpectedly and repeatedly (no reason and physical repeatedly (no reason and physical symptoms)symptoms)

Obsessive-compulsiveObsessive-compulsive = intrusive, = intrusive, unwanted, repetitive thoughts and unwanted, repetitive thoughts and rituals performed out of a feeling or rituals performed out of a feeling or urgent need.urgent need.

Post-traumatic stress disorderPost-traumatic stress disorder = = terrifying event that keeps returning terrifying event that keeps returning in memories.in memories.

Disorders (cont.)Disorders (cont.)

PhobiasPhobias = a fear of an object or = a fear of an object or situationsituation Social phobia > fear of Social phobia > fear of

embarrassment.embarrassment. Generalized Anxiety Generalized Anxiety

DisorderDisorder = exaggerated worry = exaggerated worry and tension over everyday and tension over everyday events and decisions.events and decisions.

Mental/Emotional DisordersMental/Emotional Disorders

Schizophrenia Schizophrenia = a person loses = a person loses contact with reality; delusions, contact with reality; delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or hallucinations, disorganized or bizarre behavior. Triggered by bizarre behavior. Triggered by genetics, environment, changes in genetics, environment, changes in brain chemistry.brain chemistry.

BipolarBipolar = episodes of mania and = episodes of mania and depression. Neurotransmitters may depression. Neurotransmitters may release too little or too much.release too little or too much.

Disorders (cont.)Disorders (cont.)

Personality disordersPersonality disorders = = chronic mental disorder (stress); chronic mental disorder (stress); trouble functioning in society.trouble functioning in society.

Passive-aggressivePassive-aggressive = deals = deals with their aggression in a very with their aggression in a very passive way.passive way.

Factors of AnxietyFactors of Anxiety

Fearful eventsFearful events Early life stress = separation anxietyEarly life stress = separation anxiety Hormones = Hormones =

CortisolCortisol = the “stress hormone” present = the “stress hormone” present during the ‘fight or flight’ response.during the ‘fight or flight’ response.

Epinephrine/norepinephrineEpinephrine/norepinephrine = = released during times of fear and anger released during times of fear and anger (heart rate & glucose/glycogen levels)(heart rate & glucose/glycogen levels)

Genetics = gene that influences Genetics = gene that influences fearfulness.fearfulness.

Treatments Treatments

MedicationsMedications Biomedical Biomedical

TherapyTherapy Number of Number of

medications are at medications are at the highest level.the highest level.

AntidepressantsAntidepressants

PsychotherapyPsychotherapy Behavioral therapyBehavioral therapy: :

change actions change actions throughthrough

Breathing Breathing techniquestechniques

ExposureExposure Cognitive-Cognitive-

behavioralbehavioral: : understanding understanding thinking patternsthinking patterns

Group TherapyGroup Therapy

SuicideSuicide

What could lead a person to kill What could lead a person to kill themselves?themselves?

Teen suicide is the second leading Teen suicide is the second leading cause of death, surpassed by cause of death, surpassed by accidents.accidents.

Girls attempt suicide more often than Girls attempt suicide more often than boys.boys.

Overwhelmed with emotions, Overwhelmed with emotions, thoughts, anxiety, disappointment, thoughts, anxiety, disappointment, confusion.confusion.

Warning SignsWarning Signs

Talking about suicide or deathTalking about suicide or death Talking about “going away”Talking about “going away” Giving possessions awayGiving possessions away Feelings of hopelessness/guiltFeelings of hopelessness/guilt IsolationIsolation Lack of motivation/lose of interestsLack of motivation/lose of interests Self-destructive behaviorsSelf-destructive behaviors Change in eating/sleeping patternsChange in eating/sleeping patterns

What Should I do?What Should I do?

Talk to someone you trust right Talk to someone you trust right away = help to work through away = help to work through situations.situations.

Talking with someone may help Talking with someone may help that person to feel less alonethat person to feel less alone

No matter what = seek help No matter what = seek help (even if a friend swears you to (even if a friend swears you to secrecy).secrecy).

Cluster SuicidesCluster Suicides

Type of suicide agreement or Type of suicide agreement or pact to commit act together pact to commit act together (Columbine High School)(Columbine High School)

Cluster suicides account for 5% Cluster suicides account for 5% of suicides in any given year.of suicides in any given year.

Who to turn to?Who to turn to?

Psychiatrist = psychology and Psychiatrist = psychology and medical doctor (can prescribe medical doctor (can prescribe medication)medication)

Psychologist = doctor of Psychologist = doctor of psychologypsychology

Social workerSocial worker CounselorCounselor

Grieving ProcessGrieving Process

Purpose of this process is to reach Purpose of this process is to reach closure, or acceptance of a loss.closure, or acceptance of a loss. Denial or numbnessDenial or numbness Emotional ReleasesEmotional Releases AngerAnger BargainingBargaining DepressionDepression RemorseRemorse AcceptanceAcceptance HopeHope


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