Lime Tree Village Cawston
Warwickshire
Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
June 2013
for
on behalf of
CgMs Consulting Ltd
Retirement Villages Ltd
CA Project: 660121 CA Report: 13165
Lime Tree Village
Cawston Warwickshire
Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
CA Project: 660121 CA Report: 13165
prepared by Charlotte Haines, Project Supervisor
date 30 May 2013
checked by Ian Barnes, Project Manager
date 30 May 2013
approved by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork
signed
date 5 June 2013
issue 02
This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely
at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.
© Cotswold Archaeology
Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover
Building 11 Unit 4 Office 49
Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Basepoint Business Centre
Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Caxton Close, Andover
Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS Hampshire, SP10 3FG t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 326549 f. 01285 771033
© Cotswold Archaeology
1
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
CONTENTS
SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 2
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 3
The site .............................................................................................................. 3
Archaeological background ................................................................................ 4
Archaeological objectives ................................................................................... 4
Methodology....................................................................................................... 5
2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-7) ......................................................................................... 6
The finds and palaeoenvironmental evidence ..................................................... 11
3. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 12
4. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 16
5. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 17
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................... 18
APPENDIX B: CONTEXT GROUP CONCORDANCE .................................................... 24
APPENDIX C: THE FINDS ............................................................................................. 25
APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM .......................................................................... 26
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000)
Fig. 2 Excavation area plan showing archaeological features, cropmarks and geophysical
survey results (1:1000)
Fig. 3 Area 1; plan (1:250)
Fig. 4 Area 2; plan (1:250)
Fig. 5 Area 3; plan (1:250)
Fig. 6 Area 1 & 2; sections (1:20)
Fig. 7 Area 2; sections (1:20)
Fig. 8 Area 3; sections (1:20)
© Cotswold Archaeology
2
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
SUMMARY
Project Name: Lime Tree Village
Location: Cawston, Warwickshire
NGR: SP 4474 2730
Type: Strip, Map and Record Excavation
Date: 9 – 23 April 2013
Planning Reference: R11/2016
Location of Archive: To be deposited with Rugby Art Gallery and Museum
Accession Number: RTA.1019
Site Code: LTV 13
An archaeological strip, map and record excavation was undertaken by Cotswold
Archaeology in April 2013 at Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire. Three areas were
excavated.
The excavation identified a number of undated shallow drainage gullies and boundary
ditches which may be associated with the deserted medieval village of Cawston located
immediately to the north-west of the site.
Enclosure ditches and boundary ditches of post-medieval date were also identified and are
likely to be associated with the post-medieval manor at Cawston.
The function of a number of undated pits was not ascertained. However, a number of
undated postholes are likely to represent early phases of a boundary depicted on late 19th-
century Ordnance Survey maps and an extant boundary.
A limited artefactual assemblage was recovered, but included a single sherd of Roman
pottery, a small quantity of medieval pottery, an iron axe head of probable medieval date and
a quantity of post-medieval ceramic building material and glass. The limited nature of the
medieval artefactual assemblage suggests the site is likely to have lain in the agricultural
hinterland of the adjacent area of medieval settlement. It appears to have continued in
agriculture throughout the post-medieval period and into the modern era.
© Cotswold Archaeology
3
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 In April 2013 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological strip, map
and record excavation for CgMs Consulting on behalf of Retirement Villages Ltd at
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire (centred on NGR: SP 4474 2730; Fig. 1).
The strip map and record excavation was undertaken to fulfil a condition attached to
a planning consent granted by Rugby Borough Council for the construction of
residential housing forming an extension to Lime Tree Village centred around a care
home and care suites at the site (Rugby Borough Council Planning Ref: R11/2016)
Condition no. 13 stated:
:
13. No development shall take place, including the creation and formation of
any associated builder’s compounds and/or construction access routes, until
the applicant, or their agents or successors in title, has secured the
implementation of a programme of archaeological work in accordance with a
written scheme of investigation which has been submitted by the applicant and
approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority.
1.2 The strip, map and record excavation was carried out in accordance with a
Specification for Archaeological Observation and Recording of Below-Ground Works
(CgMs 2011) prepared by CgMs Consulting and approved by Anna Stocks, Planning
Archaeologist at Warwickshire County Council (WCC) and archaeological advisor to
Rugby Borough Council (RBC). The fieldwork also followed the Standard and
Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2009), the Management of
Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research
Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (English
Heritage 2006). It was monitored by Anna Stocks.
The site
1.3 The development area encloses an area of approximately 3.2ha, and comprises a
field under rough pasture. A north-east/south-west aligned watercourse runs through
the centre of the site. The site lies at approximately 110m AOD, with the ground
dipping along the line of the watercourse.
© Cotswold Archaeology
4
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
1.4 The underlying bedrock geology of the area is mapped as Charmouth Mudstone
Formation of the Jurrasic Period with overlying superficial deposits of Dunsmore
Gravel and Wolston Clay (BGS 2013).
Archaeological background
1.5 An archaeological desk-based assessment (CgMs 2009) and subsequent
archaeological evaluation (JMHS 2009) of the site were carried out in 2009;
reference to these documents should be made for a full archaeological background.
However, the results of these studies are summarised below.
1.6 The site is situated adjacent to the southern edge of the deserted medieval
settlement of Cawston (Warwickshire HER MWA4135 / MWA4144). English
Heritage’s National Mapping Programme (NMP) and a geophysical survey (Bartlett-
Clark Consultancy 2011) have identified cropmarks likely to be associated with
medieval settlement activity extending into the western and southern central parts of
the site. Archaeological evaluation of the site in 2009 identified six field boundary
ditches, a drain and an area of ridge and furrow. Medieval pottery from one of the
ditches indicates that the remains are that of the very southern limit of the deserted
medieval village of Cawston (JMHS 2009).
1.7 An archaeological evaluation of the field immediately to the north of the site was
carried out in 2012 (CA 2012). The evaluation identified Early and Middle Iron Age
ditches and pits, probably representing the remains of an unenclosed Iron Age
settlement in addition to medieval enclosures believed to represent the outer limits
of the deserted medieval village.
Archaeological objectives
1.8 The objectives of the archaeological strip, map and record excavation were to:
Ensure the adequate recording of any buried archaeological remains that may
be exposed within the current defined limits of the archaeological strip, map
and record excavation areas prior to their removal by development
Produce a plan of all archaeological features exposed within the
archaeological strip, map and record excavation areas
© Cotswold Archaeology
5
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
Investigate and record exposed archaeological features/deposits in order to
clarify both their date, character, and significance and to provide a clear
understanding of their chronology
Ensure that any artefactual/environmental evidence is recorded, assessed
and reported to an acceptable standard
Methodology
1.9 The fieldwork comprised excavation of three areas (Area 1 measured approximately
1400m², Area 2 measured approximately 1025m² and Area 3 measured
approximately 525m²), in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). The
extent of both Areas 1 and 2 was slightly reduced from the area specified in the
Specification for Archaeological Observation and Recording of Below-Ground
Works, to avoid buried services, a badger sett exclusion zone and the watercourse.
The areas were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS
and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual (2012).
1.10 All areas were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless
grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant
archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or
the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological
deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA
Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).
1.11 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with
CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other
Samples from Archaeological Sites (2003). No deposits were identified that required
sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical
Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (1995).
1.12 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their
offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will
be deposited with Rugby Art Gallery and Museum under accession number
RTA.1019 along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project,
set out within Appendix D, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of
archaeological projects in Britain.
© Cotswold Archaeology
6
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-8)
2.1 This section provides an overview of the archaeological strip, map and record
excavation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts, context groups
(used here only where there are multiple interventions per feature) and finds are to
be found in Appendices A, B and C respectively.
Area 1 (Figs 2, 3 & 6)
2.2 Natural substrate comprising Dunsmore Gravel, 1004, was exposed in Area 1 at an
average depth of 0.45m below present ground level (bpgl). Two areas were
identified where colluvial gravel deposits had settled into large depressions in the
natural substrate: 1088 in the northern corner of the area and 1003 adjacent to the
south-western limit of the area. The earliest deposit observed along the south-
eastern limit of the area was alluvial clay, 1093, which overlay the natural gravel.
Three north-west/south-east aligned ditches were observed. Undated Ditch A was
the most south-westerly of these ditches. It cut the natural substrate and contained a
single fill comprising orange brown sandy silt. Its south-eastern terminal end was
identified just to the north of colluvial deposit, 1003. Two ditches, B and C were
identified to the north-east of Ditch A, both had previously been identified by the
archaeological evaluation in 2009 (JMHS 2009). Ditch B cut the natural substrate
and contained a single light yellow brown clay fill, from which no dating evidence
was recovered. Ditch C was aligned roughly parallel to Ditch B but was much larger
in size, averaging 3.4m in width and 0.65m in depth. The ditch contained sequences
of silted fills (1026, 1027, 1028 and 1087 in the westernmost intervention, and 1042,
1043, 1044, 1045 and 1046 in the eastern intervention). The fills appeared to have
derived from silting and comprised grey brown sandy clays with the uppermost fill in
each intervention, 1046 and 1087, comprising dark red brown sandy clay. No dating
evidence was recovered from the ditch which was cut by two modern field drains
1033 and 1031/1047. The ditch was seen in plan to cut colluvial deposit 1088 to the
north and alluvial clay 1093, to the south.
2.3 Twenty undated postholes were observed in the western part of Area 1, 1015, 1017,
1019, 1021, 1023, 1035, 1037, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1055, 1057, 1059, 1061, 1063,
1067, 1069, 1071, 1073 and 1075. These features cut the natural substrate, 1004.
They varied in size between 0.2m and 0.58m in diameter and between 0.08m and
0.3m in depth. They were all filled by a single mid to dark grey brown or dark yellow
© Cotswold Archaeology
7
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
brown sandy clay. Some very small fragments of ceramic building material (CBM)
recovered from the fill of posthole 1035 could only be loosely dated to the medieval
to modern periods. Posthole 1075 was truncated by a small pit or disturbed
posthole, 1077. This feature, 1077, and the posthole which it appears to replace,
1075, along with undated posthole 1073 appear to align with three other modern
postholes, 1065, 1089 and 1091. These features were identified as modern, either
through their post-dating subsoil 1002, or through the presence of modern finds
within their fills. It is likely these five features (1065, 1073, 1075/1077, 1089 and
1091) represent a modern fence line. No other clear posthole alignments could be
identified but it is possible they could form structures, possibly agricultural buildings
or stock pens.
2.4 The articulated remains of a goat were found to have been placed in a small pit,
1083, also located in the western part of the site. The pit was an irregular oval and
the animals remains were overlain by mid grey brown silty clay, 1084. No dating
evidence was recovered from this fill.
2.5 With the exception of the modern posthole fence line (1065, 1073, 1075, 1077,
1089, and 1091) all the features were sealed by a layer of subsoil comprising mid
orange brown silty clay and gravel, 1002. A number of additional modern features
were also recorded cutting this layer. This included a further two postholes 1009 and
1053 and a north-west/south-east aligned field drain, 1011. Modern glass and
pottery was recovered from the fills of posthole 1009 and 1053.
2.6 A deposit of modern made ground, 1001, was observed along the south-eastern
limit of the excavated area, overlying the subsoil. This deposit was not removed as
dumped fragments of asbestos tile were found to exist within a large rectangular cut
feature adjacent to this area. The subsoil and made ground were sealed by topsoil
1000.
Area 2 (Figs 2, 4, 6 & 7)
2.7 The earliest deposit observed over most of Area 2 was natural substrate comprising
Dunsmore Gravel, 2002. However, a later layer of alluvial clay, 2004, was the
earliest deposit exposed in the southern part of the area. A sondage excavated in
the southern corner of Area 2 revealed that the natural gravel 2002, was sealed by
an earlier layer of alluvial clay, 2099. This deposit was in turn covered by a layer of
© Cotswold Archaeology
8
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
peat approximately 0.20m in thickness, 2098. The peat was sealed by the later layer
of alluvium, 2004. This deposit extended approximately 10m upslope from the south-
eastern limit of the area. All of the archaeological features that extended downslope
into this area post-dated alluvial deposit 2004.
2.8 The earliest features identified in Area 2 comprised a number of shallow gullies.
Gully D was aligned north-west/south-east and contained a single silted fill. No
dating evidence was recovered from this feature but it clearly pre-dated a north-
east/south-west aligned Gully, E, from which a single sherd of 11th to 13th-century
pottery was recovered. The southern terminus of Gully D was removed by a modern
drainage feature. Two other north-west/south-east aligned gullies were identified, G
and H. Both had single fills comprising grey yellow sandy clay from which no dating
evidence was recovered. Gully G was seen in plan to be cut by a large north-
west/south-east aligned Ditch, F. This ditch corresponds to an anomaly identified by
the geophysical survey (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011) and to a cropmark
identified by the NMP. It was 3m wide and 0.96m in depth. It contained four fills and
was truncated by a modern drainage feature, 2033. Six fragments of tile dating to
the post-medieval period were recovered from the earliest of these fills, 2037. The
ditch cut alluvial clay layer 2004 towards the south-eastern limit of the area. Three
undated fills were recorded at the terminal. Gully H was cut by a further large ditch,
I, running parallel to Ditch F. This ditch was 1.44m in width and 0.84m in depth and
had very steeply sloping sides. It contained four fills and was also truncated along its
southern edge by a modern drainage feature, 2026. No dating evidence was
recovered from this feature. A possible large circular pit, 2014 near the western
edge of Area 2 was identified. No evidence for the date or function of the pit was
found. Both of the north-west/south-east aligned ditches and the pit were cut by a
further large ditch, J, which ran north-east/south-west before turning 90º to run
north-west/south-east where it removed the end of Ditch I. Ditch J was 2.15m in
width and 0.92m in depth and contained two fills. The lower fill, 2012, contained
post-medieval CBM and 19th-century glass. Similarly to Ditch F its terminal cut
alluvial clay deposit 2004. The terminal contained a single undated silted fill.
2.9 A further north-west/south-east aligned ditch, K, was identified to the north-east of
Ditches F and I. Ditch K corresponds to one of the ditches identified by the
geophysical survey (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011) and NMP. No dating evidence
was recovered from its single fill. It was truncated along its northern edge by a
modern drainage feature which removed its southern terminus. A possible undated
© Cotswold Archaeology
9
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
north-east/south-west aligned spur from the ditch was identified, L. This narrow gully
contained a single fill and terminated approximately 4.5m to the north-east of Ditch
K. The gully was truncated by a large circular pit, 2078. The function of the pit could
not be ascertained and no dating evidence was recovered from its three fills 2079,
2080 and 2081, which appeared to have resulted from silting. A large north-
east/south-west ditch, O was identified in the north-eastern corner of the area. This
feature contained three fills. Pottery of 11th to 13th-century date was recovered from
the two later fills, 2086 and 2087. A single small sherd of residual pottery broadly
dated to the Romano-British period was also recovered from fill 2087. This ditch, O,
was cut by a further large north-west/south-east aligned ditch, N. Two fills were
identified within this ditch where it met the north-western limit of excavation. The
earlier fill, 2044 comprised dark grey brown silty clay whilst the upper fill, 2045
comprised grey brown silty clay. A small fragment of burnt bone was recovered from
the earlier fill 2044, whilst medieval pottery was recovered from the later fill, 2045.
The ditch was truncated by numerous post-medieval field drains. A narrow
curvilinear gully, M was identified to the south-west of Ditch N. The gully, M, cut
Ditch Spur, L and was truncated by an area of root disturbance, 2053. The
relationship between the large Ditch, N, and the Gully, M, could not be established
due to the similarity of fills 2056 and 2060 which comprised dark grey clay silt. It is
probable that they are contemporary.
2.10 Two possible pits, 2016 and 2029 were identified to the north-west of Ditch N. Both
were roughly circular and shallow and contained single fills 2017 and 2030 from
which no finds were recovered.
2.11 A further three intercutting pits were identified in the central part of the area: 2090,
2093 and 2095. Pits 2090 and 2095 were of a similar size and shape to one another
and to Pits 2014, 2078, 2016, and 2029. Pit 2090 contained two fills: 2091 and
2092. It was cut by a much smaller circular pit, 2093, to the south west. This pit
contained a single fill 2094 which was in turn cut by the second large Pit 2095. The
latest pit also contained two fills: 2096 and 2097. Two fragments of burnt flint were
recovered from the secondary fill of the earliest pit, 2092.
2.12 A number of areas of disturbed natural substrate were observed, concentrated in the
central and northern parts of the area. Investigation identified these features as
areas of root disturbance and tree throws.
© Cotswold Archaeology
10
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
2.13 All archaeological features were either sealed by subsoil 2001 or by a patchy
deposit of modern made ground 2003 which was located in the northern part of the
area. Both of these deposits were sealed by topsoil 2000 from which a few residual
sherds of 12th to 14th-century pottery were recovered.
Area 3 (Figs 2, 5 & 8)
2.14 Dunsmore Gravel, 3002, was the earliest deposit observed over most of Area 3 with
alluvial clay, 3104, extending over the south-eastern part of the area. All
archaeological features cut the gravel and/or the alluvium.
2.15 A series of intercutting ditches and gullies were identified in Area 3. Gully P was
aligned roughly north/south. Two undated fills were identified in the central part of
the gully: 3039 and 3038. The gully terminated just to the north of alluvial clay
deposit 3104 where a single fill, 3078, was recorded. To the north the gully was
truncated by both a small circular pit, 3033, and a large rectangular pit, 3040. No
dating evidence was recovered from any of these features.
2.16 To the west of Gully P a large Ditch Q, and a further narrow Gully R were identified;
both running north-west/south-east parallel to one another. The termini of these
features were identified close to the terminus of Gully P, again just to the north of
alluvial deposit 3104. Gully R appeared to turn approximately 90° in the central part
of the area, to run north-east/south-west. No dating evidence was recovered from
either the ditch or the gully. A further Gully, S, (probably the same as Gully E in Area
2) truncated Ditch Q and north-south Gully P. No dating evidence was recovered
from Gully S in this area but pottery of 11th to 13th-century date was recovered from
this feature in Area 2. A contemporary north-west/south-east aligned spur from this
gully, 3052, was recorded.
2.17 A further two undated gullies were recorded in Area 3. A shallow, north-east/south-
west aligned gully, Z, was recorded in the north-western part of the area and a
shallow gully, U, was identified at the north-eastern limit of excavation. Gully Z
contained two fills 3010 and 3011 comprising grey brown sandy silts. Gully U
contained a single fill, 3025. The majority of Gully U was truncated by a large ditch,
T, which also cut Gullies R and Z and Ditch Q in the central part of the site. Ditch T
was aligned north-west/south-east and turned 90° to run north-east/south-west.
Evidence of a re-cut along the length of Ditch T was observed, Ditch V. A fragment
© Cotswold Archaeology
11
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
of glazed pottery of 15th to 17th-century date was recovered from the earliest fill of
the re-cut, 3017, however post-medieval material was recovered from the basal fill of
this feature where it continued into Area 2 (Ditch J) where the original profile was
removed. The original Ditch, T, was also truncated in the centre of the area by the
terminal end of another ditch, W, which ran north-west/south-east and turned to run
north-east/south-west. Residual pottery of 12-14th-century date and post-medieval
CBM was recovered from the fills of Ditch W: 3054 and 3071. Ditch W was in turn
cut by an undated Ditch X, which ran on a similar alignment. Possible evidence of a
further shallow gully terminus, Y, truncating Ditch X was observed against the south-
western limit of excavation.
2.19 All the features observed in Area 3 were sealed by a layer of subsoil, 3001, where it
was in existence or by topsoil 3000. An iron axe head which may date to the
medieval period was recovered from the topsoil in this area.
The finds and palaeoenvironmental evidence
2.20 Artefactual material was recorded from 16 deposits (Appendix C). Included are small
quantities of Roman and medieval pottery and an iron axe head of probable
medieval date (below).
Pottery
2.21 A single small bodysherd in a fine grey-firing fabric of broad Roman date (1st to 4th
centuries AD) was recorded as a re-deposited find from medieval-dated ditch fill
2087 (ditch O).
2.22 Medieval pottery amounting to 16 sherds (62 g) was recorded from six deposits. The
condition is poor, in particular for the dominant calcareous shelly fabric, where the
(fossil shell) inclusions are largely leached. The shelly fabric, noted from deposits
2043, 2086, 2087 and 3071, is representative of types known from the east of
Warwickshire and abundant in Northamptonshire (Soden and Ratkai 1998: type
CS05). It is broadly dateable across the 12th to 14th centuries. A single rimsherd in
this type was recorded, from ditch fill 2087 (Ditch O), the vessel represented was
identifiable as a jar with everted/expanded rim. Bodysherds in a black-firing
unglazed sandy coarseware were recorded from deposits 2069 and 2000. Similar
fabrics are known from across Warwickshire (ibid; 22-34: group RS); the tradition
© Cotswold Archaeology
12
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
spanning the 12th–14th centuries. A single sherd of Midlands Purple type (ibid. 199:
type MP) from deposit 3017 (Ditch V) can be dated to the 15th to the mid-17th
centuries.
Other material
2.23 Small quantities of ceramic building material and glass are post-medieval or later in
date (Appendix C). An iron axe head from topsoil 3000 exhibits the narrow,
symmetrical-blade and expanding lugs which define some medieval forms (Goodall
1980, 20-22).
Faunal remains
2.24 A small animal bone assemblage consisting of 269 fragments and 1854 grams was
recovered from five deposits. Only one deposit, 2012, from Ditch J, could be dated;
to the 18th to 19th centuries. The only species that could be identified with any
confidence were cattle, sheep and goat with the remaining fragments being of sheep
size. All of these species are common in the majority of faunal assemblages in the
UK.
2.25 The majority of the bone is in a poor state of preservation, displaying a high degree
of fragmentation due to exposure to the elements. The exception to this is the well-
preserved and almost complete skeleton of an aged, adult goat recovered from
deposit 1084. This animal was between 4 and 6 years old and shows no sign of
slaughter or butchery, so can be assumed to have died of natural causes.
3. DISCUSSION
3.1 The archaeological strip map and record excavation identified archaeological
remains indicative of prolonged agricultural use of the site. The very limited
artefactual assemblage recovered indicates these agricultural features are likely to
date to the medieval, post-medieval and modern periods. With the exception of a
single sherd of Roman pottery from a residual context, no finds pre-dating the
medieval period were recovered. The features can be broadly split into five phases.
Phase 1: Undated (pre-medieval?)
3.2 A number of undated features were identified that could pre-date the medieval
period. These features comprise Gullies D, G, H, L, P, R, U and Z and Ditches K
and Q. No dating evidence was recovered from any of these features which are
© Cotswold Archaeology
13
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
phased based on their stratigraphic relationships to later features. All of these
ditches and gullies were aligned north-west/south-east with the exception of Gully P
which was orientated north/south and Gully L which may represent a contemporary
north-east/south-west aligned spur from north-west/south-east Ditch K. The gullies
dating to this phase are likely to have performed an irrigation function, draining
excess water from the plateau at the top of the slope down toward the central part of
the site, where there is now a watercourse. Ditches Q and K are parallel to one
another and may represent early boundaries, pre-dating the medieval or post-
medieval enclosure of the area. Ditch K corresponds to a cropmark identified by the
NMP which does not appear to be contemporary with the cropmarks forming
enclosed areas (CgMs 2009).
Phase 2: Medieval
3.3 Pottery dating to the 12-14th centuries was recovered from two north-east/south-
west aligned linear features, Gully E/S and Ditch O. Although only a single sherd of
medieval pottery was recovered from Gully E/S it stratigraphically post-dates Gullies
D and P and Ditch Q of Phase 1 and pre-dates Ditch F which dates to the post-
medieval period. In contrast to the gullies and ditches of Phase 1, Gully E/S and
Ditch O run across the slope and may represent agricultural boundaries rather than
drainage features.
Phase 3: Late medieval or early post-medieval
3.4 A number of north-west/south-east aligned ditches (Ditches A, B and I) along with
two ditches appearing to form parts of enclosed areas (Ditches T and M/N) may date
to the late medieval or early post-medieval periods. The limited artefactual
assemblage recovered from these features means their date is uncertain. Medieval
pottery recovered from two ditches assigned to this phase (from Ditch N, recovered
during this excavation, and from Ditch B recovered in the 2009 evaluation (JMHS
2009) was present only as individual sherds in the uppermost fills of these features.
These ditches are likely to represent agricultural boundaries or enclosures. Whilst it
is possible they could represent the south-easterly extent of agricultural land
associated with the deserted medieval settlement of Cawston, known to be located
in the adjacent north-westerly field (MWA4135 / MWA4144), it is also possible that
they are later in date and demarcate boundaries or enclosed areas associated with
Cawston post-medieval Manor (MWA4138), located c. 250m south-east of the site.
© Cotswold Archaeology
14
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
3.5 The six large, circular pits (2014, 2016, 2029, 2078, 2090 and 2095) identified in
Area 2 were morphologically similar. It is possible they are contemporary with one
another and may date to this phase, although no dating evidence was recovered
from them. However, pit 2078 was proven to post-date possible medieval Ditch K/L
and Pit 2014 was proven to pre-date late post-medieval Ditch J/V. The function of
these pits was not apparent.
3.6 No evidence indicating the continuation of the possible ridge and furrow recorded
during the 2009 evaluation, between Areas 2 and 3 (JMHS 2009), was identified.
3.7 The archaeological strip map and record excavation suggests agricultural remains
associated with the deserted medieval settlement may extend further to the south-
east than had been identified previously. Although the numerous drainage gullies
and ditches of Phase 1 and 2 are not closely dateable they are proven to pre-date
ditches which are likely to be associated with post-medieval Cawston Manor. They
lead downslope, probably to drain the settled area situated at the top of the slope,
into an area now containing a watercourse. No clear evidence for structures or
industrial activity on the site was found. The limited nature of the artefactual
assemblage suggests the site lies in the agricultural hinterland of the area occupied
in the medieval period. The iron axe head recovered from Area 3 was of a broadly
medieval form but was unstratified.
Phase 4: Post-medieval
3.8 Ditches C, F, J/V, W, X and Y are believed to date to the post-medieval period.
Ditches F and C were very substantial in size, both being over 3m in width. Both
correspond to cropmarks identified by the NMP and to linear anomalies identified by
the geophysical survey (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011). Post-medieval tile was
recovered from one of these ditches, which appear to form two sides of a
rectangular enclosure measuring approximately 130m in width. The enclosure is
likely to be associated with the post-medieval manor at Cawston.
3.9 Post-medieval CBM was recovered from Ditch W which was aligned broadly parallel
to Ditches C and F and which appeared to have undergone a re-cut (Ditch X).
Possible Ditch Terminal Y was stratigraphically proven to post-date this feature. This
ditch leads down the slope towards the modern watercourse, and is likely to be
associated with drainage.
© Cotswold Archaeology
15
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
3.10 Ditch J/V was proven to post-date Ditch F and is therefore the latest of the ditches
identified by the excavation. One sherd of pottery dating from the 15th to 17th
centuries was recovered from the basal fill of Ditch J/V in Area 3 although this find is
likely to be residual as a large quantity of 18th to 19th-century glass, tile and brick
was recovered from the primary fill of the same feature in Area 2. It is likely this ditch
performed a drainage function rather than acting as a boundary as it had an unusual
shape in plan, initially following the course of earlier Ditch, T, before turning to run
downslope. This suggests Ditch T was still visible in the landscape as an earthwork
at the time Ditch V/J was created.
Undated
3.11 The large number of undated postholes identified in the western part of Area 1 could
be indicative of the presence of timber built structures on the site, possibly stock
enclosures, pens or agricultural buildings of medieval date. It is however more likely
the postholes relate to phases of a north-west/south-east aligned boundary depicted
the 1887 and 1905 Ordnance Survey maps or with earlier phases of the extant
north-western site boundary. The line of postholes in Area 1, which was proven to
be modern in origin, also roughly aligns with the boundary shown on the historic
maps. The boundary appears to have been removed by 1925, when it is no longer
depicted on OS mapping.
3.12 The date of a pit containing the articulated remains of a goat in Area 1 could not be
established. Given the age of the individual it is likely that this represents disposal
rather than having any greater significance.
3.13 The date and function of small oval Pit 3033, and large rectangular Pit 3040, in Area
3 remain uncertain although both were proven to post-date possible medieval Gully
P.
Overall
3.14 The completed phases of archaeological work, both within the site and its near
vicinity, alongside desk based research demonstrate the gradual shift of activity
within the area. This is primarily in relation from the core of the deserted medieval
village to the west to Cawston Manor to the east.
© Cotswold Archaeology
16
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
3.15 The strip map and record excavation has confirmed that agriculture was the primary
use of the site from the medieval period to the present day. With the exception of a
single sherd of Roman pottery, no evidence for the use of the site prior to the
medieval period was identified during this excavation. This is in contrast to the
results of the archaeological evaluation located immediately to the north-east of the
site (CA 2012), where early and middle Iron Age (5th to 1st-century BC) remains
were identified. In addition to the Iron Age remains, the evaluation also identified
enclosures believed to be associated with the deserted medieval village of Cawston.
The earliest phase of features identified by the strip map and record excavation may
be associated with these medieval enclosures, though these likely represent the
very fringe of activity given that the ridge and furrow identified previously (JMHS
2009) was not visible within the site, but also by the limited nature of the medieval
artefactual assemblage recovered during the excavation.
3.16 These agricultural features were superseded by enclosure and boundary ditches of
the post-medieval period, highlighted by their orientation shift to north-west to south-
east, which are likely to have been associated with Cawston Manor (to the south-
east of the site); the manor (or grange) at Cawston being developed as a mansion in
the late 16th century (Salzman 1951). The manor was pulled down in 1829 and a
farmhouse erected in its place (Bloxam, 1861), as such the agricultural activity
throughout the post-medieval era and into the modern period was likely associated
in the majority with the mansion and potentially later with the farmhouse.
4. CA PROJECT TEAM
4.1 Fieldwork was undertaken by Charlotte Haines, assisted by Alex Thomson, Chris
Watts, Jerry Stone, Alex Portch, Chris Leonard, Tom Weavill, Jay Wood, Sarah
Foster, Sophie Wood, Eddy Doherty, Jeff Muir and Jamie Wright. The report was
written by Charlotte Haines, assisted by Hazel O’Neill. The illustrations were
prepared by Jon Bennett. The archive has been compiled by Charlotte Haines, and
prepared for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Ian
Barnes.
© Cotswold Archaeology
17
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
5. REFERENCES
Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011 Land North of Cawston Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire. Report
on Archaeological Geophysical Survey
BGS (British Geological Survey) 2011 Geology of Britain Viewer
http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed April
2013
Bloxam, M.H. 1861 History of Dunchurch
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2012 Cawston Lane, Dunchurch, Rugby, Warwickshire:
Archaeological Evaluation
CgMs Consulting 2008 Cawston Lane, Rugby. Archaeological Desk-based Assessment
CgMs Consulting 2011 Specification for Archaeological Observation and Recording of
Below-Ground Works
EH (English Heritage) 2013 http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=337652#aRt
Accessed 20 June 2013
JMHS (John Moore Heritage Services) 2009 An Archaeological Evaluation on Land
Northwest of Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire
Salzman L.F. (ed.) 1951 'Parishes: Dunchurch and Thurlaston', A History of the County of
Warwick: Volume 6: Knightlow hundred URL: http://www.british-
history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=57101 Date accessed: 20 June 2013..
© Cotswold Archaeology
18
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS
Area 1
No. Type Description Length (m)
Width (m)
Depth (m)
Spot-date
1000 Deposit Topsoil 0.30
1001 Deposit Modern made ground
1002 Deposit Subsoil 0.25
1003 Deposit Colluvial fill of natural hollow
1004 Deposit Natural substrate
1005 Cut Ditch terminus 1.10 0.23
1006 Fill Fill of 1005 1.10 0.23
1007 Cut Ditch 2.22 0.31
1008 Fill Fill of 1007 2.22 0.31
1009 Cut Posthole 0.30 0.80
1010 Fill Fill of 1009 0.30 0.80
1011 Cut Modern field drain
1012 Fill Fill of 1011
1013 Cut Ditch 1.14 0.26
1014 Fill Fill of 1013 1.14 0.26
1015 Cut Posthole 0.51 0.17
1016 Fill Fill of 1015 0.51 0.17
1017 Cut Posthole 0.50 0.19
1018 Fill Fill of 1017 0.50 0.19
1019 Cut Posthole 0.56 0.20
1020 Fill Fill of 1019 0.56 0.20
1021 Cut Posthole 0.37 0.31 0.20
1022 Fill Fill of 1021 0.37 0.31 0.20
1023 Cut Stake hole 0.22 0.30 0.14
1024 Fill Fill of 1023 0.22 0.30 0.14
1025 Cut Ditch 3.07 0.64
1026 Fill 1st fill of 1025 1.00 0.8
1027 Fill 2nd
fill of 1025 2.86 0.28
1028 Fill 3rd
fill of 1025 1.62 0.33
1029 Void
1030 Void
1031 Cut Field drain 0.25 0.30
1032 Fill Fill of 1031 0.25 0.30
1033 Cut Field drain 0.34 0.38
1034 Fill Fill of 1033 0.34 0.38
1035 Cut Posthole 0.36 0.35 0.30
1036 Fill Fill of 1035 0.36 0.35 0.30
1037 Cut Posthole 0.33 0.43 0.24
1038 Fill Fill of 1037 0.33 0.43 0.24
1039 Cut Posthole 0.31 0.30 0.17
1040 Fill Fill of 1039 0.31 0.30 0.17
1041 Cut Ditch 3.71 0.65
1042 Fill 1st fill of 1041 2.85 0.29
1043 Fill 2nd
fill of 1041 1.61 0.48
1044 Fill 3rd
fill of 1041 2.40 0.28
1045 Fill 4th
fill of 1041 1.00 0.15
© Cotswold Archaeology
19
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
1046 Fill 5th
fill of 1041 1.66 0.31
1047 Cut Field drain 0.45 0.60
1048 Fill Fill of 1047 0.45 0.60
1049 Cut Posthole 0.41 0.31 0.09
1050 Fill Fill of 1049 0.41 0.31 0.09
1051 Cut Posthole 0.37 0.32 0.19
1052 Fill Fill of 1051 0.37 0.32 0.19
1053 Cut Posthole 0.35 0.32 0.33
1054 Fill Fill of 1053 0.35 0.32 0.33
1055 Cut Posthole 0.29 0.22 0.22
1056 Fill Fill of 1055 0.29 0.22 0.22
1057 Cut Posthole 0.31 0.39 0.12
1058 Fill Fill of 1057 0.31 0.39 0.12
1059 Cut Posthole 0.43 0.42 0.17
1060 Fill Fill of 1059 0.43 0.42 0.17
1061 Cut Posthole 0.33 0.38 0.14
1062 Fill Fill of 1061 0.33 0.38 0.14
1063 Cut Posthole 0.38 0.36 0.10
1064 Fill Fill of 1063 0.38 0.36 0.10
1065 Cut Posthole 0.57 0.31 0.10
1066 Fill Fill of 1065 0.57 0.31 0.10
1067 Cut Posthole 0.58 0.47 0.25
1068 Fill Fill of 1067 0.58 0.47 0.25
1069 Cut Posthole 0.33 0.32 0.25
1070 Fill Fill of 1069 0.33 0.32 0.25
1071 Cut Posthole 0.33 0.39 0.25
1072 Fill Fill of 1071 0.33 0.39 0.25
1073 Cut Posthole 0.45 0.54 0.24
1074 Fill Fill of 1073 0.45 0.54 0.24
1075 Cut Posthole 0.27 0.33 0.12
1076 Fill Fill of 1075 0.27 0.33 0.12
1077 Cut Posthole/pit 0.59 0.48 0.11
1078 Fill Fill of 1077 0.59 0.48 0.11
1079 Cut Void
1080 Fill Void
1081 Cut Ditch terminus 0.82 0.12
1082 Fill Fill of 1081 0.82 0.12
1083 Cut Pit 1.04 0.68 0.30
1084 Fill Fill of 1083 1.04 0.68 0.30
1085 Cut Ditch 1.00 0.30
1086 Fill Fill of 1085 1.00 0.30
1087 Fill Fill of 1025 1.15 0.27
1088 Deposit Colluvial gravel in natural hollow
1089 Cut Posthole 0.25 0.25
1090 Fill Fill of 1089 0.25 0.25
1091 Cut Posthole 0.26 0.26
1092 Fill Fill of 1091 0.26 0.26
1093 Deposit Alluvial Clay
Area 2 No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot-date
© Cotswold Archaeology
20
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
(m) (m) (m)
2000 Deposit Topsoil 0.40
2001 Deposit Subsoil 0.23
2002 Deposit Natural substrate
2003 Deposit Made ground 0.20
2004 Deposit Alluvial clay 0.21
2005 Cut Ditch terminus 1.41 0.28
2006 Fill Fill of 2005 1.41 0.28
2007 Cut Curvi-linear gully 0.54 0.12
2008 Fill Fill of 2007 0.54 0.12
2009 Cut Curvi-linear gully terminus 0.36 0.91
2010 Fill Fill of 2009 0.36 0.91 0.36 0.91
2011 Cut Ditch 2.15 0.92
2012 Fill 1st fill of 2011 0.90 0.41
2013 Fill 2nd
fill of 2011 2.15 0.61
2014 Cut Pit 2.00 0.28
2015 Fill Fill of 2014 2.00 0.28
2016 Cut Pit 1.93 2.00 0.15
2017 Fill Fill of 2016 1.93 2.00 0.15
2018 Cut Gully 0.64 0.55
2019 Fill Fill of 2018 0.64 0.55
2020 Cut Tree throw
2021 Fill Fill of 2020
2022 Cut Ditch 1.66 0.84
2023 Fill 1st fill of 2022 0.80 0.40
2024 Fill 2nd
fill of 2022 1.21 0.13
2025 Fill 3rd
fill of 2022 1.40 0.16
2026 Cut Gully 0.40 0.30
2027 Fill Fill of 2026 0.40 0.30
2028 Deposit Dark occupation deposit 1.39 0.20
2029 Cut Pit 2.15 1.60 0.28
2030 Fill Fill of 2029 2.15 1.60 0.28
2031 Cut Gully 0.53 0.14
2032 Fill Fill of 2031 0.53 0.14
2033 Cut Modern pipe cut 0.85 0.67
2034 Fill 1st fill of 2033 0.85 0.67
2035 Fill 2nd
fill of 2033 0.85 0.67
2036 Cut Ditch 3.00 0.96
2037 Fill 1st fill of 2036 1.15 0.68
2038 Fill 2nd
fill of 2036 1.17 0.62
2039 Fill 3rd
fill of 2036 0.22 0.47
2040 Fill 4th
fill of 2036 2.20 0.48
2041 Cut Gully 0.60 0.23
2042 Fill Fill of 2041 0.60 0.23
2043 Cut Ditch 1.95 0.53
2044 Fill 1st fill of 2043 1.45 0.31
2045 Fill 2nd
fill of 2043 1.65 0.34
2046 Cut Field drain 0.81 0.48
2047 Fill 1st fill of 2046 0.81 0.40
© Cotswold Archaeology
21
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
2048 Fill 2nd
fill of 2046 0.80 0.09
2049 Cut Gully terminus 0.38 0.17
2050 Fill Fill of 2049 0.38 0.17
2051 Cut Gully/ditch 0.59 0.25
2052 Fill Fill of 2051 0.59 0.25
2053 Cut Rooting/tree throw 1.25 0.13
2054 Fill 2nd
fill of 2053 1.25 0.07
2055 Cut Gully >0.77 0.15
2056 Fill Fill of 2055 >0.77 0.15
2057 Void
2058 Void
2059 Cut Ditch >1.47 >1.40 0.40
2060 Fill Fill of 2059 >1.47 >1.40 0.40 >1.40 0.40
2061 Cut Modern drainage gully 1.88 0.68 0.53
2062 Fill Fill of 2061 1.88 0.68 0.53
2063 Cut Modern drain 1.90 0.62 >0.59
2064 Fill Fill of 2063 1.90 0.62 >0.59
2065 Fill 1st fill of 2053 1.25 0.07
2066 Cut Ditch terminus 1.95 0.90 0.45
2067 Fill 3rd
fill of 2066 1.68 0.90 0.26
2068 Fill 2nd
fill of 2066 1.95 0.90 0.19
2069 Fill Fill of 2070 0.54 0.14
2070 Cut Ditch 0.54 0.14
2071 Fill Fill of 2072 0.81 0.58 0.17
2072 Cut Ditch 0.81 0.58 0.17
2073 Fill Fill of 2074 0.69 0.68 0.18
2074 Cut Ditch 0.69 0.68 0.18
2075 Fill Fill of 2076 0.69 0.19
2076 Cut Ditch 0.69 0.19
2077 Fill 1st fill of 2066 0.74 0.38 0.09
2078 Cut Pit 0.80 0.32
2079 Fill 1st fill if 2078 0.65 0.16
2080 Fill 2nd
fill of 2078 0.80 0.15
2081 Fill 3rd
fill of 2078 0.52 0.13
2082 Cut Gully 0.33 0.20
2083 Fill Fill of 2082 0.33 0.20
2084 Cut Ditch 1.86 0.98
2085 Fill 1st fill of 2084 1.86 0.44
2086 Fill 2nd
fill of 2084 1.86 0.42
2087 Fill 3rd
fill of 2084 1.86 0.37
2088 Cut Ditch >0.44 0.17
2089 Fill Fill of 2088 >0.44 0.17
2090 Cut Pit 1.68 0.25
2091 Fill 1st fill of 2090 1.68 0.10
2092 Fill 2nd
fill of 2090 1.68 0.15
2093 Cut Pit 0.81 0.16
2094 Fill Fill of 2093 0.81 0.16
2095 Cut Pit 2.00 0.28
© Cotswold Archaeology
22
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
2096 Fill 1st fill of 2095 2.00 0.18
2097 Fill 2nd
fill of 2095 2.00 0.10
2098 Deposit Layer of peat 0.20
2099 Deposit Layer of alluvial clay 0.23
Area 3
No. Type Description Length (m)
Width (m)
Depth (m)
Spot-date
3000 Deposit Topsoil 0.28
3001 Deposit Subsoil 0.16
3002 Deposit Natural substrate
3003 Cut Re-cut of ditch 2.30 0.50
3004 Fill 1st fill of 3003 1.00 0.06
3005 Fill 2nd
fill of 3003 1.50 0.40
3006 Fill 2nd
fill of 3003 0.90 0.40
3007 Fill 3rd
fill of 3003 0.80 0.20
3008 Fill 4th
fill of 3003 1.10 0.20
3009 Cut Gully 0.50 0.20
3010 Fill 1st fill of 3009 0.40 0.10
3011 Fill 2nd
fill of 3009 0.50 0.10
3012 Cut Ditch <1.25 0.64
3013 Fill 1st fill of 3012 0.49 0.22
3014 Fill 2nd
fill of 3012 0.72 0.30
3015 Fill 3rd
fill of 3012 0.60 0.08
3016 Cut Ditch re-cut 1.54 0.88
3017 Fill 1st fill of 3016 0.54 0.18
3018 Fill 2nd
fill of 3016 0.56 0.34
3019 Fill 3rd
fill of 3016 0.78 0.25
3020 Fill 4th
fill of 3016 0.71 0.18
3021 Fill 5th
fill of 3016 0.78 0.23
3022 Fill 6th
fill of 3016 0.55 0.26
3023 Fill 7th
fill of 3016 2.27 0.36
3024 Cut Gully 0.73 0.19
3025 Fill Fill of 3024 0.73 0.19
3026 Cut Ditch terminus 1.70 0.35
3027 Fill 2nd
fill of 3026 1.70 0.20
3028 Cut Gully 0.50 0.10
3029 Fill Fill of 3028 0.50 0.10
3030 Fill 1st fill of 3026 0.90 0.15
3031 Cut Gully 0.22
3032 Fill Fill of 3031 0.22
3033 Cut Pit 0.95 0.21
3034 Fill Fill of 3033 0.95 0.21
3035 Cut Gully terminus 0.40 0.10
3036 Fill Fill of 3035 0.40 0.10
3037 Cut Ditch 0.87 0.24
3038 Fill 2nd
fill of 3037 0.87 0.15
3039 Fill 1st fill of 3037 0.42 0.12
3040 Cut Pit 3.05 0.37
3041 Fill 1st fill of 3040 2.83 0.13
3042 Fill 2nd
fill of 3040 0.58 0.20
© Cotswold Archaeology
23
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
3043 Fill 3rd
fill of 3040 1.39 0.24
3044 Fill 4th
fill of 3040 2.29 0.23
3045 Cut Ditch 1.90 0.06
3046 Fill 1st fill of 3045 0.80 0.10
3047 Fill 2nd
fill of 3045 1.00 0.50
3048 Fill 3rd
fill of 3045 0.80 0.40
3049 Fill 4th
fill of 3045 0.90 0.50
3050 Fill 5th
fill of 3045 0.45 0.20
3051 Fill 5th
fill of 3040 1.70 0.09
3052 Cut Gully terminus 0.36 0.07
3053 Fill Fill of 3052 0.36 0.07
3054 Fill 2nd
fill of 3056 0.25 0.17
3055 Fill 1st fill of 3056 0.23 0.19
3056 Cut Ditch 0.25 0.25
3057 Fill 4th
fill of 3061 0.67
3058 Fill 3rd
fill of 3061 0.55 0.20
3059 Fill 2nd
fill of 3061 0.20 0.08
3060 Fill 1st fill of 3061 0.43 0.10
3061 Cut Ditch 0.67
3062 Fill Fill of 3063
3063 Cut Gully
3064 Fill 2nd
fill of 3066 0.80 0.22
3065 Fill 1st fill of 3066 0.20 0.20
3066 Cut Ditch 0.80
3067 Fill 2nd
fill of 3069 0.90 0.22
3068 Fill 1st fill of 3069 0.50 0.07
3069 Cut Ditch terminus 0.90 0.28
3070 Fill 4th
fill of 3074 0.14
3071 Fill 3rd
fill of 3074 0.16
3072 Fill 2nd
fill of 3074 0.85 0.10
3073 Fill 1st fill of 3074 0.40 0.19
3074 Cut Ditch 0.58
3075 Fill Fill of 3076 0.42 0.20
3076 Cut Gully 0.42 0.20
3077 Cut Ditch terminus 0.11
3078 Fill Fill of 3077 0.11
3079 Fill 2nd
fill of 3081 0.80 0.11
3080 Fill 1st fill of 3081 0.92 0.05
3081 Cut Gully terminus 0.92 0.14
3082 Fill 9th
fill of 3091 0.35 0.32
3083 Fill 8th
fill of 3091 0.60 0.17
3084 Fill 7th
fill of 3091 0.65 0.22
3085 Fill 6th
fill of 3091 0.40 0.09
3086 Fill 5th
fill of 3091 0.70
3087 Fill 4rd
fill of 3091 0.17 0.16
3088 Fill 3rd
fill of 3091 0.10
3089 Fill 2nd
fill of 3091 0.33 0.17
3090 Fill 1st fill of 3091 0.20 0.10
3091 Cut Ditch
3092 Fill 2nd
fill of 3094 0.95 0.23
3093 Fill 1st fill of 3094 2.05
3094 Cut Ditch 0.85
© Cotswold Archaeology
24
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
3095 Cut Ditch 0.46 0.20
3096 Fill Fill of 3095 0.46 0.20
3097 Cut Ditch/gully 1.19 0.55
3098 Fill 3rd
fill of 3097 1.19 0.16
3099 Fill 2nd
fill of 3097 1.04 0.23
3100 Fill 1st fill of 3097 0.89 0.21
3101 Cut Gully/ditch 2.19 0.80
3102 Fill 2nd
fill of 3101 2.19 0.58
3103 Fill 1st fill of 3101 0.98 0.11
APPENDIX B: CONTEXT GROUP CONCORDANCE
Ditch / Gully Context Numbers Area A 1005/1007 1
B 1013/1081/1085 1
C 1025/1041 1
D 2074/2076 2
E 2070/2072 2
F 2036/2066 2
G 2041 2
H 2031 2
I 2022 2
J 2005/2011 2
K 2018/2088 2
L 2049/2082 2
M 2007/2009/2051/2055 2
N 2059/2043 2
O 2084 2
P 3031/3037/3077 3
Q 3026/3066 3
R 3035/3063/3076 3
S 3095 3
T 3012/3045/3061 3
U 3024 3
V 3016/3003 3
W 3056/3074/3094/3101 3
X 3069/3091/3097 3
Y 3081 3
Z 3009 3
© Cotswold Archaeology
25
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
APPENDIX C: THE FINDS
Context Description Count Weight(g) Spot-date
1010 Modern glass: blue vessel glass Slate (burnt)
1 1
4 5
C19+
1036 Ceramic-building material: brick/tile fragments 3 1 Pmed?
1054 Modern pottery: refined whiteware 1 8 LC18-C19+
1066 Modern glass: natural blue/green widow glass 1 6 C19+
1084 Animal bone: Goat skeleton 148 1698
2000 Medieval pottery: unglazed sandy ware 4 27 C12-C14
2012 Post-medieval glass: green wine/spirits glass Ceramic-building material: flat tile Ceramic-building material: brick Animal bone: Cattle
2 2 3 1
360 322 2336 114
C18-C19
2037 Ceramic-building material: flat tile 6 239 pmed
2044 Animal bone: Sheep size (burnt) 1 2
2045
Animal bone: Sheep/goat Medieval pottery: Calcareous shelly ware
1 1
9 12
C12-C14
2069 Medieval pottery: unglazed sandy ware 1 3 C12-C14
2086 Medieval pottery: Calcareous shelly ware (burnt) 1 3 C12-C14
2087 Medieval pottery: Calcareous shelly ware (jar) Roman pottery: fine greyware
8 1
24 1
C12-C14
2092 Worked flint: flake (burnt) 2 2 -
3000 Iron object: axe 1 - -
3017 Medieval/early post-medieval pottery: Midlands Purple 1 34 C15-C17
3054 Ceramic-building material: flat tile 1 54 pmed
3071 Medieval pottery: Calcareous shelly ware 1 3 C12-C14
3098 Animal bone: Sheep size 118 31
© Cotswold Archaeology
26
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation
APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM
PROJECT DETAILS
Project Name Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record
Short description
An archaeological strip, map and record excavation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in April 2013 at Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire. Three areas were excavated. The excavation identified a number of undated shallow drainage gullies and boundary ditches which may be associated with the deserted medieval village of Cawston located immediately to the north-west of the site. Enclosure ditches and boundary ditches of post-medieval date were also identified and are likely to be associated with the post-medieval manor at Cawston. The function of a number of undated pits was not ascertained, however, a number of undated postholes are likely to represent early phases of a boundary depicted on late 19th-century Ordnance Survey maps and an extant boundary. A limited artefactual assemblage was recovered, but included a single sherd of Romano- British pottery, a small quantity of medieval pottery, an iron axe head of probable medieval date and a quantity of post-medieval ceramic building material and glass. The limited nature of the medieval artefactual assemblage suggests the site is likely to have lain in the agricultural hinterland of the area adjacent medieval settlement. It appears to have continued to have performed an agricultural function throughout the post-medieval period and into the modern era.
Project dates 9th -23rd April 2013
Project type (e.g. desk-based, field evaluation etc)
Strip, Map and Record
Previous work (reference to organisation or SMR numbers etc)
Field evaluation (JMHS 2009) DBA (CgMs 2008)
Future work Unknown
PROJECT LOCATION
Site Location Cawston Lane, Cawston, Warwickshire
Study area (M2/ha) 3.2ha
Site co-ordinates (8 Fig Grid Reference) SP 4474 2730
PROJECT CREATORS
Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology
Project Brief originator
Project Design (WSI) originator CgMs Consulting
Project Manager Ian Barnes
Project Supervisor Charlotte HAines
MONUMENT TYPE None
SIGNIFICANT FINDS None
PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content
Physical Rugby Art Gallery and Museum Ceramics, animal bone,
Paper Rugby Art Gallery and Museum Context sheets, registers, photos drawings
Digital Rugby Art Gallery and Museum Digital photos, Survey Data
BIBLIOGRAPHY CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2013 Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip Map and Record. CA typescript report 13165
Warwickshire
CotswoldArchaeology
Cirencester 01285 771022
Milton Keynes 01908 218320
Andover 01264 326549
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.DATEREVISIONSCALE@A4
PROJECT NO.DRAWN BYAPPROVED BY
N
0 1km
Site location plan
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, RugbyWarwickshire
660121JBPJM 1
23-05-2013001:25,000
Reproduced from the 2006 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109
c
0 1m
W
Area 1, Section AA
S108.5m
AOD
NE
1006
1005, Ditch A
1006
1013, Ditch B
NE
Area 1, Section BB
SW108.5m
AOD
1041, Ditch C
modernfielddrain
1046
1046
1044
1045
1044
1042
1043
1042
NE
Area 1, Section CC
SW108.6m
AOD
topsoil 2000
2004 2004
2098
2099
2098
2099
NE
Area 2, Section DD
SW
106.5mAOD
modernfielddrain
Area 2, Section EE
N NE108mAOD
2042
2040
2039
2037
2036, Ditch F
2038
2040
ditch2036
2041, Gully G
modernfield drain
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.DATEREVISIONSCALE@A3
PROJECT NO.DRAWN BYAPPROVED BY
Area 1 and 2: Sections
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, RugbyWarwickshire
23-05-2013001:20
660121JBPJM 6
Cirencester 01285 771022
Milton Keynes 01908 218320
Andover 01264 326549
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
peat
2000
2003
2001
2045
modernfielddrain
2044
2043, Ditch N
N NE108.5m
AOD
Area 2, Section JJ
SW
2000
2001 2001
2019
modernfield drain
2018, Ditch K
NE108.5m
AOD
Area 2, Section HH
202820322031, Gully H
2025
2024
2023
2022, Ditch I
Area 2, Section GG
NE SW108.5m
AOD
modernfield drain
0 1m
Area 2, Section II
20082007, ditch M
SW NE108.3m
AOD2075
ditch2076
SW NE108mAOD
Area 2, Section QQ
E
Area 2, Section FF
W107.6m
AOD2092
2091
2090
20942097
20962093
2095
Area 2, Section RR
SW NE108.5m
AOD
2087
2086
2085 ditch2084
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.DATEREVISIONSCALE@A3
PROJECT NO.DRAWN BYAPPROVED BY
Area 2: Sections
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, RugbyWarwickshire
23-05-2013001:20
660121JBPJM 7
Cirencester 01285 771022
Milton Keynes 01908 218320
Andover 01264 326549
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
3051
3044
3041
3040
30433042
NW
Area 3, Section OO
SE108.5m
AOD
Area 3, Section PP
NE SW108mAOD
30343032
3031, Gully P
30333033
3098
3099
3100
3097, Ditch X 3102
3101, Ditch W
3103
Area 3, Section MM
SW NE107.5m
AOD
3096
3095, Gully S/E
Area 3, Section NN
NW SE107.8m
AOD
3062 3054
3057 3064
3062
3063, Gully R
30653058
3059 3060
3055
3063, Gully R
Area 3, Section LL
3056, Ditch W
3061, Ditch T
3066, Ditch Q
SE NW SW NE NW108.2m
AOD
NE NW SW
3000
3001
3008
30073006
30053050
3046
3045, Ditch T
30483047
3004
3011
3010
3009, Gully Z
3003, Ditch V/J
SW NE108.5m
AOD
Area 3, Section KK
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.DATEREVISIONSCALE@A3
PROJECT NO.DRAWN BYAPPROVED BY
0 1m
Area 3: Sections
Lime Tree Village, Cawston, RugbyWarwickshire
23-05-2013001:20
660121JBPJM 8
Cirencester 01285 771022
Milton Keynes 01908 218320
Andover 01264 326549
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk