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Lime Tree Village Cawston

Warwickshire

Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation

June 2013

for

on behalf of

CgMs Consulting Ltd

Retirement Villages Ltd

CA Project: 660121 CA Report: 13165

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Lime Tree Village

Cawston Warwickshire

Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation

CA Project: 660121 CA Report: 13165

prepared by Charlotte Haines, Project Supervisor

date 30 May 2013

checked by Ian Barnes, Project Manager

date 30 May 2013

approved by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork

signed

date 5 June 2013

issue 02

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely

at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology

Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover

Building 11 Unit 4 Office 49

Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Basepoint Business Centre

Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Caxton Close, Andover

Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS Hampshire, SP10 3FG t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 326549 f. 01285 771033

e. [email protected]

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Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 3

The site .............................................................................................................. 3

Archaeological background ................................................................................ 4

Archaeological objectives ................................................................................... 4

Methodology....................................................................................................... 5

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-7) ......................................................................................... 6

The finds and palaeoenvironmental evidence ..................................................... 11

3. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 12

4. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 16

5. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 17

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................... 18

APPENDIX B: CONTEXT GROUP CONCORDANCE .................................................... 24

APPENDIX C: THE FINDS ............................................................................................. 25

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM .......................................................................... 26

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000)

Fig. 2 Excavation area plan showing archaeological features, cropmarks and geophysical

survey results (1:1000)

Fig. 3 Area 1; plan (1:250)

Fig. 4 Area 2; plan (1:250)

Fig. 5 Area 3; plan (1:250)

Fig. 6 Area 1 & 2; sections (1:20)

Fig. 7 Area 2; sections (1:20)

Fig. 8 Area 3; sections (1:20)

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Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Lime Tree Village

Location: Cawston, Warwickshire

NGR: SP 4474 2730

Type: Strip, Map and Record Excavation

Date: 9 – 23 April 2013

Planning Reference: R11/2016

Location of Archive: To be deposited with Rugby Art Gallery and Museum

Accession Number: RTA.1019

Site Code: LTV 13

An archaeological strip, map and record excavation was undertaken by Cotswold

Archaeology in April 2013 at Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire. Three areas were

excavated.

The excavation identified a number of undated shallow drainage gullies and boundary

ditches which may be associated with the deserted medieval village of Cawston located

immediately to the north-west of the site.

Enclosure ditches and boundary ditches of post-medieval date were also identified and are

likely to be associated with the post-medieval manor at Cawston.

The function of a number of undated pits was not ascertained. However, a number of

undated postholes are likely to represent early phases of a boundary depicted on late 19th-

century Ordnance Survey maps and an extant boundary.

A limited artefactual assemblage was recovered, but included a single sherd of Roman

pottery, a small quantity of medieval pottery, an iron axe head of probable medieval date and

a quantity of post-medieval ceramic building material and glass. The limited nature of the

medieval artefactual assemblage suggests the site is likely to have lain in the agricultural

hinterland of the adjacent area of medieval settlement. It appears to have continued in

agriculture throughout the post-medieval period and into the modern era.

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Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In April 2013 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological strip, map

and record excavation for CgMs Consulting on behalf of Retirement Villages Ltd at

Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire (centred on NGR: SP 4474 2730; Fig. 1).

The strip map and record excavation was undertaken to fulfil a condition attached to

a planning consent granted by Rugby Borough Council for the construction of

residential housing forming an extension to Lime Tree Village centred around a care

home and care suites at the site (Rugby Borough Council Planning Ref: R11/2016)

Condition no. 13 stated:

:

13. No development shall take place, including the creation and formation of

any associated builder’s compounds and/or construction access routes, until

the applicant, or their agents or successors in title, has secured the

implementation of a programme of archaeological work in accordance with a

written scheme of investigation which has been submitted by the applicant and

approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority.

1.2 The strip, map and record excavation was carried out in accordance with a

Specification for Archaeological Observation and Recording of Below-Ground Works

(CgMs 2011) prepared by CgMs Consulting and approved by Anna Stocks, Planning

Archaeologist at Warwickshire County Council (WCC) and archaeological advisor to

Rugby Borough Council (RBC). The fieldwork also followed the Standard and

Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2009), the Management of

Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research

Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (English

Heritage 2006). It was monitored by Anna Stocks.

The site

1.3 The development area encloses an area of approximately 3.2ha, and comprises a

field under rough pasture. A north-east/south-west aligned watercourse runs through

the centre of the site. The site lies at approximately 110m AOD, with the ground

dipping along the line of the watercourse.

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1.4 The underlying bedrock geology of the area is mapped as Charmouth Mudstone

Formation of the Jurrasic Period with overlying superficial deposits of Dunsmore

Gravel and Wolston Clay (BGS 2013).

Archaeological background

1.5 An archaeological desk-based assessment (CgMs 2009) and subsequent

archaeological evaluation (JMHS 2009) of the site were carried out in 2009;

reference to these documents should be made for a full archaeological background.

However, the results of these studies are summarised below.

1.6 The site is situated adjacent to the southern edge of the deserted medieval

settlement of Cawston (Warwickshire HER MWA4135 / MWA4144). English

Heritage’s National Mapping Programme (NMP) and a geophysical survey (Bartlett-

Clark Consultancy 2011) have identified cropmarks likely to be associated with

medieval settlement activity extending into the western and southern central parts of

the site. Archaeological evaluation of the site in 2009 identified six field boundary

ditches, a drain and an area of ridge and furrow. Medieval pottery from one of the

ditches indicates that the remains are that of the very southern limit of the deserted

medieval village of Cawston (JMHS 2009).

1.7 An archaeological evaluation of the field immediately to the north of the site was

carried out in 2012 (CA 2012). The evaluation identified Early and Middle Iron Age

ditches and pits, probably representing the remains of an unenclosed Iron Age

settlement in addition to medieval enclosures believed to represent the outer limits

of the deserted medieval village.

Archaeological objectives

1.8 The objectives of the archaeological strip, map and record excavation were to:

Ensure the adequate recording of any buried archaeological remains that may

be exposed within the current defined limits of the archaeological strip, map

and record excavation areas prior to their removal by development

Produce a plan of all archaeological features exposed within the

archaeological strip, map and record excavation areas

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Investigate and record exposed archaeological features/deposits in order to

clarify both their date, character, and significance and to provide a clear

understanding of their chronology

Ensure that any artefactual/environmental evidence is recorded, assessed

and reported to an acceptable standard

Methodology

1.9 The fieldwork comprised excavation of three areas (Area 1 measured approximately

1400m², Area 2 measured approximately 1025m² and Area 3 measured

approximately 525m²), in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). The

extent of both Areas 1 and 2 was slightly reduced from the area specified in the

Specification for Archaeological Observation and Recording of Below-Ground

Works, to avoid buried services, a badger sett exclusion zone and the watercourse.

The areas were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS

and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual (2012).

1.10 All areas were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless

grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant

archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or

the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological

deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA

Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).

1.11 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with

CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other

Samples from Archaeological Sites (2003). No deposits were identified that required

sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical

Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (1995).

1.12 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their

offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will

be deposited with Rugby Art Gallery and Museum under accession number

RTA.1019 along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project,

set out within Appendix D, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of

archaeological projects in Britain.

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2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-8)

2.1 This section provides an overview of the archaeological strip, map and record

excavation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts, context groups

(used here only where there are multiple interventions per feature) and finds are to

be found in Appendices A, B and C respectively.

Area 1 (Figs 2, 3 & 6)

2.2 Natural substrate comprising Dunsmore Gravel, 1004, was exposed in Area 1 at an

average depth of 0.45m below present ground level (bpgl). Two areas were

identified where colluvial gravel deposits had settled into large depressions in the

natural substrate: 1088 in the northern corner of the area and 1003 adjacent to the

south-western limit of the area. The earliest deposit observed along the south-

eastern limit of the area was alluvial clay, 1093, which overlay the natural gravel.

Three north-west/south-east aligned ditches were observed. Undated Ditch A was

the most south-westerly of these ditches. It cut the natural substrate and contained a

single fill comprising orange brown sandy silt. Its south-eastern terminal end was

identified just to the north of colluvial deposit, 1003. Two ditches, B and C were

identified to the north-east of Ditch A, both had previously been identified by the

archaeological evaluation in 2009 (JMHS 2009). Ditch B cut the natural substrate

and contained a single light yellow brown clay fill, from which no dating evidence

was recovered. Ditch C was aligned roughly parallel to Ditch B but was much larger

in size, averaging 3.4m in width and 0.65m in depth. The ditch contained sequences

of silted fills (1026, 1027, 1028 and 1087 in the westernmost intervention, and 1042,

1043, 1044, 1045 and 1046 in the eastern intervention). The fills appeared to have

derived from silting and comprised grey brown sandy clays with the uppermost fill in

each intervention, 1046 and 1087, comprising dark red brown sandy clay. No dating

evidence was recovered from the ditch which was cut by two modern field drains

1033 and 1031/1047. The ditch was seen in plan to cut colluvial deposit 1088 to the

north and alluvial clay 1093, to the south.

2.3 Twenty undated postholes were observed in the western part of Area 1, 1015, 1017,

1019, 1021, 1023, 1035, 1037, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1055, 1057, 1059, 1061, 1063,

1067, 1069, 1071, 1073 and 1075. These features cut the natural substrate, 1004.

They varied in size between 0.2m and 0.58m in diameter and between 0.08m and

0.3m in depth. They were all filled by a single mid to dark grey brown or dark yellow

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brown sandy clay. Some very small fragments of ceramic building material (CBM)

recovered from the fill of posthole 1035 could only be loosely dated to the medieval

to modern periods. Posthole 1075 was truncated by a small pit or disturbed

posthole, 1077. This feature, 1077, and the posthole which it appears to replace,

1075, along with undated posthole 1073 appear to align with three other modern

postholes, 1065, 1089 and 1091. These features were identified as modern, either

through their post-dating subsoil 1002, or through the presence of modern finds

within their fills. It is likely these five features (1065, 1073, 1075/1077, 1089 and

1091) represent a modern fence line. No other clear posthole alignments could be

identified but it is possible they could form structures, possibly agricultural buildings

or stock pens.

2.4 The articulated remains of a goat were found to have been placed in a small pit,

1083, also located in the western part of the site. The pit was an irregular oval and

the animals remains were overlain by mid grey brown silty clay, 1084. No dating

evidence was recovered from this fill.

2.5 With the exception of the modern posthole fence line (1065, 1073, 1075, 1077,

1089, and 1091) all the features were sealed by a layer of subsoil comprising mid

orange brown silty clay and gravel, 1002. A number of additional modern features

were also recorded cutting this layer. This included a further two postholes 1009 and

1053 and a north-west/south-east aligned field drain, 1011. Modern glass and

pottery was recovered from the fills of posthole 1009 and 1053.

2.6 A deposit of modern made ground, 1001, was observed along the south-eastern

limit of the excavated area, overlying the subsoil. This deposit was not removed as

dumped fragments of asbestos tile were found to exist within a large rectangular cut

feature adjacent to this area. The subsoil and made ground were sealed by topsoil

1000.

Area 2 (Figs 2, 4, 6 & 7)

2.7 The earliest deposit observed over most of Area 2 was natural substrate comprising

Dunsmore Gravel, 2002. However, a later layer of alluvial clay, 2004, was the

earliest deposit exposed in the southern part of the area. A sondage excavated in

the southern corner of Area 2 revealed that the natural gravel 2002, was sealed by

an earlier layer of alluvial clay, 2099. This deposit was in turn covered by a layer of

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peat approximately 0.20m in thickness, 2098. The peat was sealed by the later layer

of alluvium, 2004. This deposit extended approximately 10m upslope from the south-

eastern limit of the area. All of the archaeological features that extended downslope

into this area post-dated alluvial deposit 2004.

2.8 The earliest features identified in Area 2 comprised a number of shallow gullies.

Gully D was aligned north-west/south-east and contained a single silted fill. No

dating evidence was recovered from this feature but it clearly pre-dated a north-

east/south-west aligned Gully, E, from which a single sherd of 11th to 13th-century

pottery was recovered. The southern terminus of Gully D was removed by a modern

drainage feature. Two other north-west/south-east aligned gullies were identified, G

and H. Both had single fills comprising grey yellow sandy clay from which no dating

evidence was recovered. Gully G was seen in plan to be cut by a large north-

west/south-east aligned Ditch, F. This ditch corresponds to an anomaly identified by

the geophysical survey (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011) and to a cropmark

identified by the NMP. It was 3m wide and 0.96m in depth. It contained four fills and

was truncated by a modern drainage feature, 2033. Six fragments of tile dating to

the post-medieval period were recovered from the earliest of these fills, 2037. The

ditch cut alluvial clay layer 2004 towards the south-eastern limit of the area. Three

undated fills were recorded at the terminal. Gully H was cut by a further large ditch,

I, running parallel to Ditch F. This ditch was 1.44m in width and 0.84m in depth and

had very steeply sloping sides. It contained four fills and was also truncated along its

southern edge by a modern drainage feature, 2026. No dating evidence was

recovered from this feature. A possible large circular pit, 2014 near the western

edge of Area 2 was identified. No evidence for the date or function of the pit was

found. Both of the north-west/south-east aligned ditches and the pit were cut by a

further large ditch, J, which ran north-east/south-west before turning 90º to run

north-west/south-east where it removed the end of Ditch I. Ditch J was 2.15m in

width and 0.92m in depth and contained two fills. The lower fill, 2012, contained

post-medieval CBM and 19th-century glass. Similarly to Ditch F its terminal cut

alluvial clay deposit 2004. The terminal contained a single undated silted fill.

2.9 A further north-west/south-east aligned ditch, K, was identified to the north-east of

Ditches F and I. Ditch K corresponds to one of the ditches identified by the

geophysical survey (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011) and NMP. No dating evidence

was recovered from its single fill. It was truncated along its northern edge by a

modern drainage feature which removed its southern terminus. A possible undated

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north-east/south-west aligned spur from the ditch was identified, L. This narrow gully

contained a single fill and terminated approximately 4.5m to the north-east of Ditch

K. The gully was truncated by a large circular pit, 2078. The function of the pit could

not be ascertained and no dating evidence was recovered from its three fills 2079,

2080 and 2081, which appeared to have resulted from silting. A large north-

east/south-west ditch, O was identified in the north-eastern corner of the area. This

feature contained three fills. Pottery of 11th to 13th-century date was recovered from

the two later fills, 2086 and 2087. A single small sherd of residual pottery broadly

dated to the Romano-British period was also recovered from fill 2087. This ditch, O,

was cut by a further large north-west/south-east aligned ditch, N. Two fills were

identified within this ditch where it met the north-western limit of excavation. The

earlier fill, 2044 comprised dark grey brown silty clay whilst the upper fill, 2045

comprised grey brown silty clay. A small fragment of burnt bone was recovered from

the earlier fill 2044, whilst medieval pottery was recovered from the later fill, 2045.

The ditch was truncated by numerous post-medieval field drains. A narrow

curvilinear gully, M was identified to the south-west of Ditch N. The gully, M, cut

Ditch Spur, L and was truncated by an area of root disturbance, 2053. The

relationship between the large Ditch, N, and the Gully, M, could not be established

due to the similarity of fills 2056 and 2060 which comprised dark grey clay silt. It is

probable that they are contemporary.

2.10 Two possible pits, 2016 and 2029 were identified to the north-west of Ditch N. Both

were roughly circular and shallow and contained single fills 2017 and 2030 from

which no finds were recovered.

2.11 A further three intercutting pits were identified in the central part of the area: 2090,

2093 and 2095. Pits 2090 and 2095 were of a similar size and shape to one another

and to Pits 2014, 2078, 2016, and 2029. Pit 2090 contained two fills: 2091 and

2092. It was cut by a much smaller circular pit, 2093, to the south west. This pit

contained a single fill 2094 which was in turn cut by the second large Pit 2095. The

latest pit also contained two fills: 2096 and 2097. Two fragments of burnt flint were

recovered from the secondary fill of the earliest pit, 2092.

2.12 A number of areas of disturbed natural substrate were observed, concentrated in the

central and northern parts of the area. Investigation identified these features as

areas of root disturbance and tree throws.

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2.13 All archaeological features were either sealed by subsoil 2001 or by a patchy

deposit of modern made ground 2003 which was located in the northern part of the

area. Both of these deposits were sealed by topsoil 2000 from which a few residual

sherds of 12th to 14th-century pottery were recovered.

Area 3 (Figs 2, 5 & 8)

2.14 Dunsmore Gravel, 3002, was the earliest deposit observed over most of Area 3 with

alluvial clay, 3104, extending over the south-eastern part of the area. All

archaeological features cut the gravel and/or the alluvium.

2.15 A series of intercutting ditches and gullies were identified in Area 3. Gully P was

aligned roughly north/south. Two undated fills were identified in the central part of

the gully: 3039 and 3038. The gully terminated just to the north of alluvial clay

deposit 3104 where a single fill, 3078, was recorded. To the north the gully was

truncated by both a small circular pit, 3033, and a large rectangular pit, 3040. No

dating evidence was recovered from any of these features.

2.16 To the west of Gully P a large Ditch Q, and a further narrow Gully R were identified;

both running north-west/south-east parallel to one another. The termini of these

features were identified close to the terminus of Gully P, again just to the north of

alluvial deposit 3104. Gully R appeared to turn approximately 90° in the central part

of the area, to run north-east/south-west. No dating evidence was recovered from

either the ditch or the gully. A further Gully, S, (probably the same as Gully E in Area

2) truncated Ditch Q and north-south Gully P. No dating evidence was recovered

from Gully S in this area but pottery of 11th to 13th-century date was recovered from

this feature in Area 2. A contemporary north-west/south-east aligned spur from this

gully, 3052, was recorded.

2.17 A further two undated gullies were recorded in Area 3. A shallow, north-east/south-

west aligned gully, Z, was recorded in the north-western part of the area and a

shallow gully, U, was identified at the north-eastern limit of excavation. Gully Z

contained two fills 3010 and 3011 comprising grey brown sandy silts. Gully U

contained a single fill, 3025. The majority of Gully U was truncated by a large ditch,

T, which also cut Gullies R and Z and Ditch Q in the central part of the site. Ditch T

was aligned north-west/south-east and turned 90° to run north-east/south-west.

Evidence of a re-cut along the length of Ditch T was observed, Ditch V. A fragment

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of glazed pottery of 15th to 17th-century date was recovered from the earliest fill of

the re-cut, 3017, however post-medieval material was recovered from the basal fill of

this feature where it continued into Area 2 (Ditch J) where the original profile was

removed. The original Ditch, T, was also truncated in the centre of the area by the

terminal end of another ditch, W, which ran north-west/south-east and turned to run

north-east/south-west. Residual pottery of 12-14th-century date and post-medieval

CBM was recovered from the fills of Ditch W: 3054 and 3071. Ditch W was in turn

cut by an undated Ditch X, which ran on a similar alignment. Possible evidence of a

further shallow gully terminus, Y, truncating Ditch X was observed against the south-

western limit of excavation.

2.19 All the features observed in Area 3 were sealed by a layer of subsoil, 3001, where it

was in existence or by topsoil 3000. An iron axe head which may date to the

medieval period was recovered from the topsoil in this area.

The finds and palaeoenvironmental evidence

2.20 Artefactual material was recorded from 16 deposits (Appendix C). Included are small

quantities of Roman and medieval pottery and an iron axe head of probable

medieval date (below).

Pottery

2.21 A single small bodysherd in a fine grey-firing fabric of broad Roman date (1st to 4th

centuries AD) was recorded as a re-deposited find from medieval-dated ditch fill

2087 (ditch O).

2.22 Medieval pottery amounting to 16 sherds (62 g) was recorded from six deposits. The

condition is poor, in particular for the dominant calcareous shelly fabric, where the

(fossil shell) inclusions are largely leached. The shelly fabric, noted from deposits

2043, 2086, 2087 and 3071, is representative of types known from the east of

Warwickshire and abundant in Northamptonshire (Soden and Ratkai 1998: type

CS05). It is broadly dateable across the 12th to 14th centuries. A single rimsherd in

this type was recorded, from ditch fill 2087 (Ditch O), the vessel represented was

identifiable as a jar with everted/expanded rim. Bodysherds in a black-firing

unglazed sandy coarseware were recorded from deposits 2069 and 2000. Similar

fabrics are known from across Warwickshire (ibid; 22-34: group RS); the tradition

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spanning the 12th–14th centuries. A single sherd of Midlands Purple type (ibid. 199:

type MP) from deposit 3017 (Ditch V) can be dated to the 15th to the mid-17th

centuries.

Other material

2.23 Small quantities of ceramic building material and glass are post-medieval or later in

date (Appendix C). An iron axe head from topsoil 3000 exhibits the narrow,

symmetrical-blade and expanding lugs which define some medieval forms (Goodall

1980, 20-22).

Faunal remains

2.24 A small animal bone assemblage consisting of 269 fragments and 1854 grams was

recovered from five deposits. Only one deposit, 2012, from Ditch J, could be dated;

to the 18th to 19th centuries. The only species that could be identified with any

confidence were cattle, sheep and goat with the remaining fragments being of sheep

size. All of these species are common in the majority of faunal assemblages in the

UK.

2.25 The majority of the bone is in a poor state of preservation, displaying a high degree

of fragmentation due to exposure to the elements. The exception to this is the well-

preserved and almost complete skeleton of an aged, adult goat recovered from

deposit 1084. This animal was between 4 and 6 years old and shows no sign of

slaughter or butchery, so can be assumed to have died of natural causes.

3. DISCUSSION

3.1 The archaeological strip map and record excavation identified archaeological

remains indicative of prolonged agricultural use of the site. The very limited

artefactual assemblage recovered indicates these agricultural features are likely to

date to the medieval, post-medieval and modern periods. With the exception of a

single sherd of Roman pottery from a residual context, no finds pre-dating the

medieval period were recovered. The features can be broadly split into five phases.

Phase 1: Undated (pre-medieval?)

3.2 A number of undated features were identified that could pre-date the medieval

period. These features comprise Gullies D, G, H, L, P, R, U and Z and Ditches K

and Q. No dating evidence was recovered from any of these features which are

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phased based on their stratigraphic relationships to later features. All of these

ditches and gullies were aligned north-west/south-east with the exception of Gully P

which was orientated north/south and Gully L which may represent a contemporary

north-east/south-west aligned spur from north-west/south-east Ditch K. The gullies

dating to this phase are likely to have performed an irrigation function, draining

excess water from the plateau at the top of the slope down toward the central part of

the site, where there is now a watercourse. Ditches Q and K are parallel to one

another and may represent early boundaries, pre-dating the medieval or post-

medieval enclosure of the area. Ditch K corresponds to a cropmark identified by the

NMP which does not appear to be contemporary with the cropmarks forming

enclosed areas (CgMs 2009).

Phase 2: Medieval

3.3 Pottery dating to the 12-14th centuries was recovered from two north-east/south-

west aligned linear features, Gully E/S and Ditch O. Although only a single sherd of

medieval pottery was recovered from Gully E/S it stratigraphically post-dates Gullies

D and P and Ditch Q of Phase 1 and pre-dates Ditch F which dates to the post-

medieval period. In contrast to the gullies and ditches of Phase 1, Gully E/S and

Ditch O run across the slope and may represent agricultural boundaries rather than

drainage features.

Phase 3: Late medieval or early post-medieval

3.4 A number of north-west/south-east aligned ditches (Ditches A, B and I) along with

two ditches appearing to form parts of enclosed areas (Ditches T and M/N) may date

to the late medieval or early post-medieval periods. The limited artefactual

assemblage recovered from these features means their date is uncertain. Medieval

pottery recovered from two ditches assigned to this phase (from Ditch N, recovered

during this excavation, and from Ditch B recovered in the 2009 evaluation (JMHS

2009) was present only as individual sherds in the uppermost fills of these features.

These ditches are likely to represent agricultural boundaries or enclosures. Whilst it

is possible they could represent the south-easterly extent of agricultural land

associated with the deserted medieval settlement of Cawston, known to be located

in the adjacent north-westerly field (MWA4135 / MWA4144), it is also possible that

they are later in date and demarcate boundaries or enclosed areas associated with

Cawston post-medieval Manor (MWA4138), located c. 250m south-east of the site.

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3.5 The six large, circular pits (2014, 2016, 2029, 2078, 2090 and 2095) identified in

Area 2 were morphologically similar. It is possible they are contemporary with one

another and may date to this phase, although no dating evidence was recovered

from them. However, pit 2078 was proven to post-date possible medieval Ditch K/L

and Pit 2014 was proven to pre-date late post-medieval Ditch J/V. The function of

these pits was not apparent.

3.6 No evidence indicating the continuation of the possible ridge and furrow recorded

during the 2009 evaluation, between Areas 2 and 3 (JMHS 2009), was identified.

3.7 The archaeological strip map and record excavation suggests agricultural remains

associated with the deserted medieval settlement may extend further to the south-

east than had been identified previously. Although the numerous drainage gullies

and ditches of Phase 1 and 2 are not closely dateable they are proven to pre-date

ditches which are likely to be associated with post-medieval Cawston Manor. They

lead downslope, probably to drain the settled area situated at the top of the slope,

into an area now containing a watercourse. No clear evidence for structures or

industrial activity on the site was found. The limited nature of the artefactual

assemblage suggests the site lies in the agricultural hinterland of the area occupied

in the medieval period. The iron axe head recovered from Area 3 was of a broadly

medieval form but was unstratified.

Phase 4: Post-medieval

3.8 Ditches C, F, J/V, W, X and Y are believed to date to the post-medieval period.

Ditches F and C were very substantial in size, both being over 3m in width. Both

correspond to cropmarks identified by the NMP and to linear anomalies identified by

the geophysical survey (Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011). Post-medieval tile was

recovered from one of these ditches, which appear to form two sides of a

rectangular enclosure measuring approximately 130m in width. The enclosure is

likely to be associated with the post-medieval manor at Cawston.

3.9 Post-medieval CBM was recovered from Ditch W which was aligned broadly parallel

to Ditches C and F and which appeared to have undergone a re-cut (Ditch X).

Possible Ditch Terminal Y was stratigraphically proven to post-date this feature. This

ditch leads down the slope towards the modern watercourse, and is likely to be

associated with drainage.

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3.10 Ditch J/V was proven to post-date Ditch F and is therefore the latest of the ditches

identified by the excavation. One sherd of pottery dating from the 15th to 17th

centuries was recovered from the basal fill of Ditch J/V in Area 3 although this find is

likely to be residual as a large quantity of 18th to 19th-century glass, tile and brick

was recovered from the primary fill of the same feature in Area 2. It is likely this ditch

performed a drainage function rather than acting as a boundary as it had an unusual

shape in plan, initially following the course of earlier Ditch, T, before turning to run

downslope. This suggests Ditch T was still visible in the landscape as an earthwork

at the time Ditch V/J was created.

Undated

3.11 The large number of undated postholes identified in the western part of Area 1 could

be indicative of the presence of timber built structures on the site, possibly stock

enclosures, pens or agricultural buildings of medieval date. It is however more likely

the postholes relate to phases of a north-west/south-east aligned boundary depicted

the 1887 and 1905 Ordnance Survey maps or with earlier phases of the extant

north-western site boundary. The line of postholes in Area 1, which was proven to

be modern in origin, also roughly aligns with the boundary shown on the historic

maps. The boundary appears to have been removed by 1925, when it is no longer

depicted on OS mapping.

3.12 The date of a pit containing the articulated remains of a goat in Area 1 could not be

established. Given the age of the individual it is likely that this represents disposal

rather than having any greater significance.

3.13 The date and function of small oval Pit 3033, and large rectangular Pit 3040, in Area

3 remain uncertain although both were proven to post-date possible medieval Gully

P.

Overall

3.14 The completed phases of archaeological work, both within the site and its near

vicinity, alongside desk based research demonstrate the gradual shift of activity

within the area. This is primarily in relation from the core of the deserted medieval

village to the west to Cawston Manor to the east.

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3.15 The strip map and record excavation has confirmed that agriculture was the primary

use of the site from the medieval period to the present day. With the exception of a

single sherd of Roman pottery, no evidence for the use of the site prior to the

medieval period was identified during this excavation. This is in contrast to the

results of the archaeological evaluation located immediately to the north-east of the

site (CA 2012), where early and middle Iron Age (5th to 1st-century BC) remains

were identified. In addition to the Iron Age remains, the evaluation also identified

enclosures believed to be associated with the deserted medieval village of Cawston.

The earliest phase of features identified by the strip map and record excavation may

be associated with these medieval enclosures, though these likely represent the

very fringe of activity given that the ridge and furrow identified previously (JMHS

2009) was not visible within the site, but also by the limited nature of the medieval

artefactual assemblage recovered during the excavation.

3.16 These agricultural features were superseded by enclosure and boundary ditches of

the post-medieval period, highlighted by their orientation shift to north-west to south-

east, which are likely to have been associated with Cawston Manor (to the south-

east of the site); the manor (or grange) at Cawston being developed as a mansion in

the late 16th century (Salzman 1951). The manor was pulled down in 1829 and a

farmhouse erected in its place (Bloxam, 1861), as such the agricultural activity

throughout the post-medieval era and into the modern period was likely associated

in the majority with the mansion and potentially later with the farmhouse.

4. CA PROJECT TEAM

4.1 Fieldwork was undertaken by Charlotte Haines, assisted by Alex Thomson, Chris

Watts, Jerry Stone, Alex Portch, Chris Leonard, Tom Weavill, Jay Wood, Sarah

Foster, Sophie Wood, Eddy Doherty, Jeff Muir and Jamie Wright. The report was

written by Charlotte Haines, assisted by Hazel O’Neill. The illustrations were

prepared by Jon Bennett. The archive has been compiled by Charlotte Haines, and

prepared for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Ian

Barnes.

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5. REFERENCES

Bartlett-Clark Consultancy 2011 Land North of Cawston Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire. Report

on Archaeological Geophysical Survey

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2011 Geology of Britain Viewer

http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed April

2013

Bloxam, M.H. 1861 History of Dunchurch

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2012 Cawston Lane, Dunchurch, Rugby, Warwickshire:

Archaeological Evaluation

CgMs Consulting 2008 Cawston Lane, Rugby. Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

CgMs Consulting 2011 Specification for Archaeological Observation and Recording of

Below-Ground Works

EH (English Heritage) 2013 http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=337652#aRt

Accessed 20 June 2013

JMHS (John Moore Heritage Services) 2009 An Archaeological Evaluation on Land

Northwest of Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire

Salzman L.F. (ed.) 1951 'Parishes: Dunchurch and Thurlaston', A History of the County of

Warwick: Volume 6: Knightlow hundred URL: http://www.british-

history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=57101 Date accessed: 20 June 2013..

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APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Area 1

No. Type Description Length (m)

Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date

1000 Deposit Topsoil 0.30

1001 Deposit Modern made ground

1002 Deposit Subsoil 0.25

1003 Deposit Colluvial fill of natural hollow

1004 Deposit Natural substrate

1005 Cut Ditch terminus 1.10 0.23

1006 Fill Fill of 1005 1.10 0.23

1007 Cut Ditch 2.22 0.31

1008 Fill Fill of 1007 2.22 0.31

1009 Cut Posthole 0.30 0.80

1010 Fill Fill of 1009 0.30 0.80

1011 Cut Modern field drain

1012 Fill Fill of 1011

1013 Cut Ditch 1.14 0.26

1014 Fill Fill of 1013 1.14 0.26

1015 Cut Posthole 0.51 0.17

1016 Fill Fill of 1015 0.51 0.17

1017 Cut Posthole 0.50 0.19

1018 Fill Fill of 1017 0.50 0.19

1019 Cut Posthole 0.56 0.20

1020 Fill Fill of 1019 0.56 0.20

1021 Cut Posthole 0.37 0.31 0.20

1022 Fill Fill of 1021 0.37 0.31 0.20

1023 Cut Stake hole 0.22 0.30 0.14

1024 Fill Fill of 1023 0.22 0.30 0.14

1025 Cut Ditch 3.07 0.64

1026 Fill 1st fill of 1025 1.00 0.8

1027 Fill 2nd

fill of 1025 2.86 0.28

1028 Fill 3rd

fill of 1025 1.62 0.33

1029 Void

1030 Void

1031 Cut Field drain 0.25 0.30

1032 Fill Fill of 1031 0.25 0.30

1033 Cut Field drain 0.34 0.38

1034 Fill Fill of 1033 0.34 0.38

1035 Cut Posthole 0.36 0.35 0.30

1036 Fill Fill of 1035 0.36 0.35 0.30

1037 Cut Posthole 0.33 0.43 0.24

1038 Fill Fill of 1037 0.33 0.43 0.24

1039 Cut Posthole 0.31 0.30 0.17

1040 Fill Fill of 1039 0.31 0.30 0.17

1041 Cut Ditch 3.71 0.65

1042 Fill 1st fill of 1041 2.85 0.29

1043 Fill 2nd

fill of 1041 1.61 0.48

1044 Fill 3rd

fill of 1041 2.40 0.28

1045 Fill 4th

fill of 1041 1.00 0.15

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1046 Fill 5th

fill of 1041 1.66 0.31

1047 Cut Field drain 0.45 0.60

1048 Fill Fill of 1047 0.45 0.60

1049 Cut Posthole 0.41 0.31 0.09

1050 Fill Fill of 1049 0.41 0.31 0.09

1051 Cut Posthole 0.37 0.32 0.19

1052 Fill Fill of 1051 0.37 0.32 0.19

1053 Cut Posthole 0.35 0.32 0.33

1054 Fill Fill of 1053 0.35 0.32 0.33

1055 Cut Posthole 0.29 0.22 0.22

1056 Fill Fill of 1055 0.29 0.22 0.22

1057 Cut Posthole 0.31 0.39 0.12

1058 Fill Fill of 1057 0.31 0.39 0.12

1059 Cut Posthole 0.43 0.42 0.17

1060 Fill Fill of 1059 0.43 0.42 0.17

1061 Cut Posthole 0.33 0.38 0.14

1062 Fill Fill of 1061 0.33 0.38 0.14

1063 Cut Posthole 0.38 0.36 0.10

1064 Fill Fill of 1063 0.38 0.36 0.10

1065 Cut Posthole 0.57 0.31 0.10

1066 Fill Fill of 1065 0.57 0.31 0.10

1067 Cut Posthole 0.58 0.47 0.25

1068 Fill Fill of 1067 0.58 0.47 0.25

1069 Cut Posthole 0.33 0.32 0.25

1070 Fill Fill of 1069 0.33 0.32 0.25

1071 Cut Posthole 0.33 0.39 0.25

1072 Fill Fill of 1071 0.33 0.39 0.25

1073 Cut Posthole 0.45 0.54 0.24

1074 Fill Fill of 1073 0.45 0.54 0.24

1075 Cut Posthole 0.27 0.33 0.12

1076 Fill Fill of 1075 0.27 0.33 0.12

1077 Cut Posthole/pit 0.59 0.48 0.11

1078 Fill Fill of 1077 0.59 0.48 0.11

1079 Cut Void

1080 Fill Void

1081 Cut Ditch terminus 0.82 0.12

1082 Fill Fill of 1081 0.82 0.12

1083 Cut Pit 1.04 0.68 0.30

1084 Fill Fill of 1083 1.04 0.68 0.30

1085 Cut Ditch 1.00 0.30

1086 Fill Fill of 1085 1.00 0.30

1087 Fill Fill of 1025 1.15 0.27

1088 Deposit Colluvial gravel in natural hollow

1089 Cut Posthole 0.25 0.25

1090 Fill Fill of 1089 0.25 0.25

1091 Cut Posthole 0.26 0.26

1092 Fill Fill of 1091 0.26 0.26

1093 Deposit Alluvial Clay

Area 2 No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot-date

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(m) (m) (m)

2000 Deposit Topsoil 0.40

2001 Deposit Subsoil 0.23

2002 Deposit Natural substrate

2003 Deposit Made ground 0.20

2004 Deposit Alluvial clay 0.21

2005 Cut Ditch terminus 1.41 0.28

2006 Fill Fill of 2005 1.41 0.28

2007 Cut Curvi-linear gully 0.54 0.12

2008 Fill Fill of 2007 0.54 0.12

2009 Cut Curvi-linear gully terminus 0.36 0.91

2010 Fill Fill of 2009 0.36 0.91 0.36 0.91

2011 Cut Ditch 2.15 0.92

2012 Fill 1st fill of 2011 0.90 0.41

2013 Fill 2nd

fill of 2011 2.15 0.61

2014 Cut Pit 2.00 0.28

2015 Fill Fill of 2014 2.00 0.28

2016 Cut Pit 1.93 2.00 0.15

2017 Fill Fill of 2016 1.93 2.00 0.15

2018 Cut Gully 0.64 0.55

2019 Fill Fill of 2018 0.64 0.55

2020 Cut Tree throw

2021 Fill Fill of 2020

2022 Cut Ditch 1.66 0.84

2023 Fill 1st fill of 2022 0.80 0.40

2024 Fill 2nd

fill of 2022 1.21 0.13

2025 Fill 3rd

fill of 2022 1.40 0.16

2026 Cut Gully 0.40 0.30

2027 Fill Fill of 2026 0.40 0.30

2028 Deposit Dark occupation deposit 1.39 0.20

2029 Cut Pit 2.15 1.60 0.28

2030 Fill Fill of 2029 2.15 1.60 0.28

2031 Cut Gully 0.53 0.14

2032 Fill Fill of 2031 0.53 0.14

2033 Cut Modern pipe cut 0.85 0.67

2034 Fill 1st fill of 2033 0.85 0.67

2035 Fill 2nd

fill of 2033 0.85 0.67

2036 Cut Ditch 3.00 0.96

2037 Fill 1st fill of 2036 1.15 0.68

2038 Fill 2nd

fill of 2036 1.17 0.62

2039 Fill 3rd

fill of 2036 0.22 0.47

2040 Fill 4th

fill of 2036 2.20 0.48

2041 Cut Gully 0.60 0.23

2042 Fill Fill of 2041 0.60 0.23

2043 Cut Ditch 1.95 0.53

2044 Fill 1st fill of 2043 1.45 0.31

2045 Fill 2nd

fill of 2043 1.65 0.34

2046 Cut Field drain 0.81 0.48

2047 Fill 1st fill of 2046 0.81 0.40

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2048 Fill 2nd

fill of 2046 0.80 0.09

2049 Cut Gully terminus 0.38 0.17

2050 Fill Fill of 2049 0.38 0.17

2051 Cut Gully/ditch 0.59 0.25

2052 Fill Fill of 2051 0.59 0.25

2053 Cut Rooting/tree throw 1.25 0.13

2054 Fill 2nd

fill of 2053 1.25 0.07

2055 Cut Gully >0.77 0.15

2056 Fill Fill of 2055 >0.77 0.15

2057 Void

2058 Void

2059 Cut Ditch >1.47 >1.40 0.40

2060 Fill Fill of 2059 >1.47 >1.40 0.40 >1.40 0.40

2061 Cut Modern drainage gully 1.88 0.68 0.53

2062 Fill Fill of 2061 1.88 0.68 0.53

2063 Cut Modern drain 1.90 0.62 >0.59

2064 Fill Fill of 2063 1.90 0.62 >0.59

2065 Fill 1st fill of 2053 1.25 0.07

2066 Cut Ditch terminus 1.95 0.90 0.45

2067 Fill 3rd

fill of 2066 1.68 0.90 0.26

2068 Fill 2nd

fill of 2066 1.95 0.90 0.19

2069 Fill Fill of 2070 0.54 0.14

2070 Cut Ditch 0.54 0.14

2071 Fill Fill of 2072 0.81 0.58 0.17

2072 Cut Ditch 0.81 0.58 0.17

2073 Fill Fill of 2074 0.69 0.68 0.18

2074 Cut Ditch 0.69 0.68 0.18

2075 Fill Fill of 2076 0.69 0.19

2076 Cut Ditch 0.69 0.19

2077 Fill 1st fill of 2066 0.74 0.38 0.09

2078 Cut Pit 0.80 0.32

2079 Fill 1st fill if 2078 0.65 0.16

2080 Fill 2nd

fill of 2078 0.80 0.15

2081 Fill 3rd

fill of 2078 0.52 0.13

2082 Cut Gully 0.33 0.20

2083 Fill Fill of 2082 0.33 0.20

2084 Cut Ditch 1.86 0.98

2085 Fill 1st fill of 2084 1.86 0.44

2086 Fill 2nd

fill of 2084 1.86 0.42

2087 Fill 3rd

fill of 2084 1.86 0.37

2088 Cut Ditch >0.44 0.17

2089 Fill Fill of 2088 >0.44 0.17

2090 Cut Pit 1.68 0.25

2091 Fill 1st fill of 2090 1.68 0.10

2092 Fill 2nd

fill of 2090 1.68 0.15

2093 Cut Pit 0.81 0.16

2094 Fill Fill of 2093 0.81 0.16

2095 Cut Pit 2.00 0.28

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2096 Fill 1st fill of 2095 2.00 0.18

2097 Fill 2nd

fill of 2095 2.00 0.10

2098 Deposit Layer of peat 0.20

2099 Deposit Layer of alluvial clay 0.23

Area 3

No. Type Description Length (m)

Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date

3000 Deposit Topsoil 0.28

3001 Deposit Subsoil 0.16

3002 Deposit Natural substrate

3003 Cut Re-cut of ditch 2.30 0.50

3004 Fill 1st fill of 3003 1.00 0.06

3005 Fill 2nd

fill of 3003 1.50 0.40

3006 Fill 2nd

fill of 3003 0.90 0.40

3007 Fill 3rd

fill of 3003 0.80 0.20

3008 Fill 4th

fill of 3003 1.10 0.20

3009 Cut Gully 0.50 0.20

3010 Fill 1st fill of 3009 0.40 0.10

3011 Fill 2nd

fill of 3009 0.50 0.10

3012 Cut Ditch <1.25 0.64

3013 Fill 1st fill of 3012 0.49 0.22

3014 Fill 2nd

fill of 3012 0.72 0.30

3015 Fill 3rd

fill of 3012 0.60 0.08

3016 Cut Ditch re-cut 1.54 0.88

3017 Fill 1st fill of 3016 0.54 0.18

3018 Fill 2nd

fill of 3016 0.56 0.34

3019 Fill 3rd

fill of 3016 0.78 0.25

3020 Fill 4th

fill of 3016 0.71 0.18

3021 Fill 5th

fill of 3016 0.78 0.23

3022 Fill 6th

fill of 3016 0.55 0.26

3023 Fill 7th

fill of 3016 2.27 0.36

3024 Cut Gully 0.73 0.19

3025 Fill Fill of 3024 0.73 0.19

3026 Cut Ditch terminus 1.70 0.35

3027 Fill 2nd

fill of 3026 1.70 0.20

3028 Cut Gully 0.50 0.10

3029 Fill Fill of 3028 0.50 0.10

3030 Fill 1st fill of 3026 0.90 0.15

3031 Cut Gully 0.22

3032 Fill Fill of 3031 0.22

3033 Cut Pit 0.95 0.21

3034 Fill Fill of 3033 0.95 0.21

3035 Cut Gully terminus 0.40 0.10

3036 Fill Fill of 3035 0.40 0.10

3037 Cut Ditch 0.87 0.24

3038 Fill 2nd

fill of 3037 0.87 0.15

3039 Fill 1st fill of 3037 0.42 0.12

3040 Cut Pit 3.05 0.37

3041 Fill 1st fill of 3040 2.83 0.13

3042 Fill 2nd

fill of 3040 0.58 0.20

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3043 Fill 3rd

fill of 3040 1.39 0.24

3044 Fill 4th

fill of 3040 2.29 0.23

3045 Cut Ditch 1.90 0.06

3046 Fill 1st fill of 3045 0.80 0.10

3047 Fill 2nd

fill of 3045 1.00 0.50

3048 Fill 3rd

fill of 3045 0.80 0.40

3049 Fill 4th

fill of 3045 0.90 0.50

3050 Fill 5th

fill of 3045 0.45 0.20

3051 Fill 5th

fill of 3040 1.70 0.09

3052 Cut Gully terminus 0.36 0.07

3053 Fill Fill of 3052 0.36 0.07

3054 Fill 2nd

fill of 3056 0.25 0.17

3055 Fill 1st fill of 3056 0.23 0.19

3056 Cut Ditch 0.25 0.25

3057 Fill 4th

fill of 3061 0.67

3058 Fill 3rd

fill of 3061 0.55 0.20

3059 Fill 2nd

fill of 3061 0.20 0.08

3060 Fill 1st fill of 3061 0.43 0.10

3061 Cut Ditch 0.67

3062 Fill Fill of 3063

3063 Cut Gully

3064 Fill 2nd

fill of 3066 0.80 0.22

3065 Fill 1st fill of 3066 0.20 0.20

3066 Cut Ditch 0.80

3067 Fill 2nd

fill of 3069 0.90 0.22

3068 Fill 1st fill of 3069 0.50 0.07

3069 Cut Ditch terminus 0.90 0.28

3070 Fill 4th

fill of 3074 0.14

3071 Fill 3rd

fill of 3074 0.16

3072 Fill 2nd

fill of 3074 0.85 0.10

3073 Fill 1st fill of 3074 0.40 0.19

3074 Cut Ditch 0.58

3075 Fill Fill of 3076 0.42 0.20

3076 Cut Gully 0.42 0.20

3077 Cut Ditch terminus 0.11

3078 Fill Fill of 3077 0.11

3079 Fill 2nd

fill of 3081 0.80 0.11

3080 Fill 1st fill of 3081 0.92 0.05

3081 Cut Gully terminus 0.92 0.14

3082 Fill 9th

fill of 3091 0.35 0.32

3083 Fill 8th

fill of 3091 0.60 0.17

3084 Fill 7th

fill of 3091 0.65 0.22

3085 Fill 6th

fill of 3091 0.40 0.09

3086 Fill 5th

fill of 3091 0.70

3087 Fill 4rd

fill of 3091 0.17 0.16

3088 Fill 3rd

fill of 3091 0.10

3089 Fill 2nd

fill of 3091 0.33 0.17

3090 Fill 1st fill of 3091 0.20 0.10

3091 Cut Ditch

3092 Fill 2nd

fill of 3094 0.95 0.23

3093 Fill 1st fill of 3094 2.05

3094 Cut Ditch 0.85

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Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation

3095 Cut Ditch 0.46 0.20

3096 Fill Fill of 3095 0.46 0.20

3097 Cut Ditch/gully 1.19 0.55

3098 Fill 3rd

fill of 3097 1.19 0.16

3099 Fill 2nd

fill of 3097 1.04 0.23

3100 Fill 1st fill of 3097 0.89 0.21

3101 Cut Gully/ditch 2.19 0.80

3102 Fill 2nd

fill of 3101 2.19 0.58

3103 Fill 1st fill of 3101 0.98 0.11

APPENDIX B: CONTEXT GROUP CONCORDANCE

Ditch / Gully Context Numbers Area A 1005/1007 1

B 1013/1081/1085 1

C 1025/1041 1

D 2074/2076 2

E 2070/2072 2

F 2036/2066 2

G 2041 2

H 2031 2

I 2022 2

J 2005/2011 2

K 2018/2088 2

L 2049/2082 2

M 2007/2009/2051/2055 2

N 2059/2043 2

O 2084 2

P 3031/3037/3077 3

Q 3026/3066 3

R 3035/3063/3076 3

S 3095 3

T 3012/3045/3061 3

U 3024 3

V 3016/3003 3

W 3056/3074/3094/3101 3

X 3069/3091/3097 3

Y 3081 3

Z 3009 3

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Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation

APPENDIX C: THE FINDS

Context Description Count Weight(g) Spot-date

1010 Modern glass: blue vessel glass Slate (burnt)

1 1

4 5

C19+

1036 Ceramic-building material: brick/tile fragments 3 1 Pmed?

1054 Modern pottery: refined whiteware 1 8 LC18-C19+

1066 Modern glass: natural blue/green widow glass 1 6 C19+

1084 Animal bone: Goat skeleton 148 1698

2000 Medieval pottery: unglazed sandy ware 4 27 C12-C14

2012 Post-medieval glass: green wine/spirits glass Ceramic-building material: flat tile Ceramic-building material: brick Animal bone: Cattle

2 2 3 1

360 322 2336 114

C18-C19

2037 Ceramic-building material: flat tile 6 239 pmed

2044 Animal bone: Sheep size (burnt) 1 2

2045

Animal bone: Sheep/goat Medieval pottery: Calcareous shelly ware

1 1

9 12

C12-C14

2069 Medieval pottery: unglazed sandy ware 1 3 C12-C14

2086 Medieval pottery: Calcareous shelly ware (burnt) 1 3 C12-C14

2087 Medieval pottery: Calcareous shelly ware (jar) Roman pottery: fine greyware

8 1

24 1

C12-C14

2092 Worked flint: flake (burnt) 2 2 -

3000 Iron object: axe 1 - -

3017 Medieval/early post-medieval pottery: Midlands Purple 1 34 C15-C17

3054 Ceramic-building material: flat tile 1 54 pmed

3071 Medieval pottery: Calcareous shelly ware 1 3 C12-C14

3098 Animal bone: Sheep size 118 31

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Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Excavation

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record

Short description

An archaeological strip, map and record excavation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in April 2013 at Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire. Three areas were excavated. The excavation identified a number of undated shallow drainage gullies and boundary ditches which may be associated with the deserted medieval village of Cawston located immediately to the north-west of the site. Enclosure ditches and boundary ditches of post-medieval date were also identified and are likely to be associated with the post-medieval manor at Cawston. The function of a number of undated pits was not ascertained, however, a number of undated postholes are likely to represent early phases of a boundary depicted on late 19th-century Ordnance Survey maps and an extant boundary. A limited artefactual assemblage was recovered, but included a single sherd of Romano- British pottery, a small quantity of medieval pottery, an iron axe head of probable medieval date and a quantity of post-medieval ceramic building material and glass. The limited nature of the medieval artefactual assemblage suggests the site is likely to have lain in the agricultural hinterland of the area adjacent medieval settlement. It appears to have continued to have performed an agricultural function throughout the post-medieval period and into the modern era.

Project dates 9th -23rd April 2013

Project type (e.g. desk-based, field evaluation etc)

Strip, Map and Record

Previous work (reference to organisation or SMR numbers etc)

Field evaluation (JMHS 2009) DBA (CgMs 2008)

Future work Unknown

PROJECT LOCATION

Site Location Cawston Lane, Cawston, Warwickshire

Study area (M2/ha) 3.2ha

Site co-ordinates (8 Fig Grid Reference) SP 4474 2730

PROJECT CREATORS

Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology

Project Brief originator

Project Design (WSI) originator CgMs Consulting

Project Manager Ian Barnes

Project Supervisor Charlotte HAines

MONUMENT TYPE None

SIGNIFICANT FINDS None

PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content

Physical Rugby Art Gallery and Museum Ceramics, animal bone,

Paper Rugby Art Gallery and Museum Context sheets, registers, photos drawings

Digital Rugby Art Gallery and Museum Digital photos, Survey Data

BIBLIOGRAPHY CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2013 Lime Tree Village, Cawston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Strip Map and Record. CA typescript report 13165

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Warwickshire

CotswoldArchaeology

Cirencester 01285 771022

Milton Keynes 01908 218320

Andover 01264 326549

w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk

e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.DATEREVISIONSCALE@A4

PROJECT NO.DRAWN BYAPPROVED BY

N

0 1km

Site location plan

Lime Tree Village, Cawston, RugbyWarwickshire

660121JBPJM 1

23-05-2013001:25,000

Reproduced from the 2006 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109

c

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0 1m

W

Area 1, Section AA

S108.5m

AOD

NE

1006

1005, Ditch A

1006

1013, Ditch B

NE

Area 1, Section BB

SW108.5m

AOD

1041, Ditch C

modernfielddrain

1046

1046

1044

1045

1044

1042

1043

1042

NE

Area 1, Section CC

SW108.6m

AOD

topsoil 2000

2004 2004

2098

2099

2098

2099

NE

Area 2, Section DD

SW

106.5mAOD

modernfielddrain

Area 2, Section EE

N NE108mAOD

2042

2040

2039

2037

2036, Ditch F

2038

2040

ditch2036

2041, Gully G

modernfield drain

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.DATEREVISIONSCALE@A3

PROJECT NO.DRAWN BYAPPROVED BY

Area 1 and 2: Sections

Lime Tree Village, Cawston, RugbyWarwickshire

23-05-2013001:20

660121JBPJM 6

Cirencester 01285 771022

Milton Keynes 01908 218320

Andover 01264 326549

w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk

e [email protected]

peat

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2000

2003

2001

2045

modernfielddrain

2044

2043, Ditch N

N NE108.5m

AOD

Area 2, Section JJ

SW

2000

2001 2001

2019

modernfield drain

2018, Ditch K

NE108.5m

AOD

Area 2, Section HH

202820322031, Gully H

2025

2024

2023

2022, Ditch I

Area 2, Section GG

NE SW108.5m

AOD

modernfield drain

0 1m

Area 2, Section II

20082007, ditch M

SW NE108.3m

AOD2075

ditch2076

SW NE108mAOD

Area 2, Section QQ

E

Area 2, Section FF

W107.6m

AOD2092

2091

2090

20942097

20962093

2095

Area 2, Section RR

SW NE108.5m

AOD

2087

2086

2085 ditch2084

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.DATEREVISIONSCALE@A3

PROJECT NO.DRAWN BYAPPROVED BY

Area 2: Sections

Lime Tree Village, Cawston, RugbyWarwickshire

23-05-2013001:20

660121JBPJM 7

Cirencester 01285 771022

Milton Keynes 01908 218320

Andover 01264 326549

w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk

e [email protected]

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3051

3044

3041

3040

30433042

NW

Area 3, Section OO

SE108.5m

AOD

Area 3, Section PP

NE SW108mAOD

30343032

3031, Gully P

30333033

3098

3099

3100

3097, Ditch X 3102

3101, Ditch W

3103

Area 3, Section MM

SW NE107.5m

AOD

3096

3095, Gully S/E

Area 3, Section NN

NW SE107.8m

AOD

3062 3054

3057 3064

3062

3063, Gully R

30653058

3059 3060

3055

3063, Gully R

Area 3, Section LL

3056, Ditch W

3061, Ditch T

3066, Ditch Q

SE NW SW NE NW108.2m

AOD

NE NW SW

3000

3001

3008

30073006

30053050

3046

3045, Ditch T

30483047

3004

3011

3010

3009, Gully Z

3003, Ditch V/J

SW NE108.5m

AOD

Area 3, Section KK

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.DATEREVISIONSCALE@A3

PROJECT NO.DRAWN BYAPPROVED BY

0 1m

Area 3: Sections

Lime Tree Village, Cawston, RugbyWarwickshire

23-05-2013001:20

660121JBPJM 8

Cirencester 01285 771022

Milton Keynes 01908 218320

Andover 01264 326549

w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk

e [email protected]


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