AA VISITING SCHOOL 2014 RIO DE JANEIROINFR
ASTR
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PA
DRÃO
FIFA
Studio-X Global Network
ORGANIzED BY THEO THEO SARANTOGLOu LALIS, DORA SwEIJD, ANNE SAVE DE BEAuRECuEIL, FRANKLIN LEEwITH LIVIA DINIz, TIAGO GuIMARÃES RODRIGuES
© 2013 by AA London, Studio XTexts by permission of the authors.Illustrations, models and images by permission of the authors.
Editorial Coordination: Theo SarantoglouPhotography: AA Visiting School Rio 2014 StudentsReview: Theo Sarantoglou, Dora Sweijd, Anne Save de BeaurecueilDesign, cover design, and setting: Tiago Guimarães RodriguesProduction: AA Visiting School Rio 2014
Bibliographic information by Livia Diniz
The Architectural Association, Inc. is a Registered Charity Incorporated as a Company limited by guarantee. 3FHJTUFSFE�JO�&OHMBOE�/P���������3FHJTUFSFE�PGmDF�����Bedford Square, London
http://aaschool.ac.uk/
©2014 Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia university 1172 Amsterdam Avenue New York, New York 10027
http://www.arch.columbia.edu/studio-x-global
06
"FOI-SE A COPA?"
FOI-SE A COPA? NÃO FAZ MAL.ADEUS CHUTES E SISTEMAS.A GENTE PODE, AFINAL,CUIDAR DE NOSSOS PROBLEMAS.
FALTOU INFLAÇÃO DE PONTOS?PERDURA A INFLAÇÃO DE FATO.DEIXAREMOS DE SER TONTOSSE CHUTARMOS NO ALVO EXATO.
O POVO, NOUTRO TORNEIO,HAVENDO TENACIDADE,GANHARÁ, RIJO, E DE CHEIO, A COPA DA LIBERDADE.
Carlos Drummond de Andrade
Rio de Janeiro, 1978
08
1 Socio Political context of Maracana 1.1 CONTEXT _MARACANÃ CONTEXT _HISTORY _FIFA STANDARDS _PuBLIC DEMANDS _COMMuNITIES AND INSTITuTIONNAL NETwORK _REVERSIBLE INFRASTRuCTuRE _INDIGENOuS HOuSE _ESCOLA MuNICIPAL FRIEDNREICH 1.2 URBAN ANALYSIS _LAND uSE MAPS AND _PROGRAM ANALYSIS AND NEIGHBOuRING INSTITuTIONS 1.3 CIRCULATION ANALYSIS AND CARTOGRAPHY OF SITE DEFI-CIENCIES _MAP 1. SOLAR STuDY _MAP 2. CIRCuLATION ANALYSIS _MAP 3. PROGRAM ANALYSIS _MAP 4. ACCESS ANALYSIS _MAP 5. CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS
2 Project 2.1 PROJECT HYPOTHESIS _PROJECTS 2.2 URBAN PROPOSAL 2.3 ARCHITECTURAL PROPOSALS 2.4 GROUND FORMATIONS _DIGITAL TOOLS
3 Prototyping Ideas 3.1 CANOPY DEVELOPMENT _COMPONENT STuDY _DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES _INSTALLATION DESIGN AND IN SITu ASSEMBLY
3.2 URBAN GROUND DEVELOPMENT _MANuFACTuRING PROCESSES 3.3 DIGITAL TOOLS
3.4 MANUFACTURING METHODS
4 Studio Life 4.1 EVENTS
4.2 VISITS
4.3 STuDIO LIFE
4.4 PARTICIPANTS
4.5 TEACHING STAFF
09
AA VISITING SCHOOLRIO DE JANEIRO2014
BRIEF
Our objective is to investigate new possibilities for the urban infrastructure surrounding World Cup 6WDGLXPV��1DWLRQ�ZLGH�� WKHUH� KDV� EHHQ� VLJQL¿FDQW�investment to build and renovate stadiums for the 2014 World Cup in order to meet the required standard FIFA regulations (‘Padrão FIFA’). At the same time, there has been a large public demand for equal investment into transport systems, public space, and public programs such as hospitals and schools. The Visiting School will tap into the momentum of this movement, and promote a series of interventions within and around the World Cup structures, proposing new public programs and standards for their legacy. Students can choose to focus directly on the Maracanã stadium in Rio de Janeiro, the venue for the Final match of the World Cup. The intense ten-day workshop will employ computational design and digital fabrication to introduce a design methodology that creatively automates and promotes transformation, mutation and complexity for these infrastructure interventions.
Tuesday 15 – Thursday 24 April 2014
RIO: SOCIO POLITIC
12
MARACANACONTEXT
A source of national pride, Maracanã
stadium stirs strong emotion amongst
Rio’s population. Considered to be the most
famous Football Stadium of the world, the
slogan, “O Maraca é nosso!” – or “Maraca
(local nickname for the stadium ) is ours” -,
was the anthem for Rio’s demonstrations
from 2013 until now. Against privatization,
people claimed the stadium as a public
good: “The privatization is an insult to
our national heritage. Maracanã belongs
to Brazil”.
A state-of-the-art stadium is promised
but it has its controversies. Romario, ex-
football player, that today is a politician,
GHFODUHG� WKDW� WKH� FKDQJH� ZLOO� GLV¿JXUH�historical ground: “Brazil has lost the
World Cup outside the pitch”.
There is a problem with transparency.
The population wants explanations for
everything that concerns Maracanã’s
³UHWUR¿WWLQJ´�
14
Another problem is a rigid new set of regulations for spectators: As per the document below from the Director of Football Operations:7KH�HQWUDQFH�DQG� LQVWDOODWLRQ�RI�EDQQHUV�DQG�RU� ODUJH�ÀDJV� LV� LQGH¿-nitely prohibited on the upper and intermediate rings of the stadium. This measure, for amongst other reasons, is to avoid blocking visibility and to eventually allow for the installation of advertising panels.
The presidente of the Maracanã Consortium S. A., João Borba, stated in July 2013:“We have to work with the football clubs to bring about this change of habits: like giant banners, bamboo masts, shirtless fans, watching the JDPHV�VWDQGLQJ�XS«,�ZDV�ODVW�ZHHNHQG�DW�WKH�:LPEOHGRQ�¿QDOV��DQG�on the invitation it was written that a certain type of clothing was ‘not recommended’. When an English person reads ‘not recommended’, he understand that he should not use that type of clothing.
“People from all of different social classes converge at the biggest sports’ stadium in the world”
Jornal dos Sports about Maracanã’s inauguration in 19/07/1950
15
16
17
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THE QUESTION OF LEGACY
Inspired by public demands and the World Cup Villages proposed by Sergio C. Trindade, we have directed the projects to accommodate multiple, long-term, everyday programs for a larger sector of society. By integrating education institutes, traditional culture, and local communities from maracanã’s surroundings, we question what games we challenge ourselves to play, what we want to be champions of.
“… the real business of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil should be to provide long-term sustainable development opportunities to WKH� DHFWHG� FRPPXQLWLHV�� WUDQVFHQGLQJ�WKH� LPPHGLDWH� WRXUQDPHQW�� 7KLV� FDQ�EH� DFKLHYHG� E\� FRQFHLYLQJ� RI� WKH� VWDGLD�LQIUDVWUXFWXUH� DV� VXVWDLQDEOH� ³:RUOG�
4500BUILDERS WORKING
ON
MARACANA
<1%OF THE SEATS MEETS
THE ACCESSIBILTY STANDARDS
8350FAMILIES REMOVED IN FAVOR OF THE
CONSTRUCTION SITES
170kFAMILIES REMOVED IN
BRAZIL
R$30 BITOTAL SPENT ON THE
BUILDINGS
85%TOTAL OF THE MONEY COMING FROM PUBLIC
COFFERS
&XS�9LOODJHV´�� LQVWHDG�RI� VLWHV� IRU�SRVW�&XS� RFFDVLRQDO� IRRWEDOO� PDWFKHV�� 6XFK�DSSURDFK� ZRXOG� FRQYHUW� WKH� FXUUHQW�FKDOOHQJHV� UDLVHG� E\� SXEOLF� FODPRU�into opportunities for sustainable GHYHORSPHQW�� 3XEOLF� JULHYDQFHV�ZRXOG� EH� DQVZHUHG� E\� PDNLQJ� VWDGLD�LQIUDVWUXFWXUH� DQ� HHFWLYH� DQFKRU�WR� SURYLGH� KHDOWK� FDUH�� HGXFDWLRQ��FXOWXUDO�� SURGXFWLYLW\�� WUDLQLQJ�� DQG�FRPPHUFLDO� VHUYLFHV� �KRWHOV�� WRXULVP��VKRSSLQJ�� KRXVLQJ�� RFHV�� VXSSRUWHG�E\� DGHTXDWH� WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ� DQG� RWKHU�LQIUDVWUXFWXUH�´
World Cup Final: (Uruguai x Brazil, 1950)more than 150,000 people standing up
FEDERATION CUP Final: (SPAIN x Brazil, 2013)football ‘opera’80 000 sitting down
19
The following is a list of public demands compiled by the group Consulta Pública Popular (http://consulta.omaracaenosso.org.br) produced through discussions and surveys of citizens, asking them what they want for the future of the Maracanã.
PUBLIC DEMANDS
20
http://consulta.omaracaenosso.org.br
COMMUNITIES ANDINSTITUTIONAL WORK
Considering that this site has two completely dif-ferent use scenarios: one on regular days and an-other one on mega events days, the project has WR�EH�ÀH[LEOH�WR�DFFRPPRGDWH�SHGHVWULDQV¶�QHHGV�on regular days and also to accommodate visitors coming to the stadium in special days.To be ideal for both uses, lots of bleachers and inclined planes were used over the entire site, in a way to provide a variety of uses, including cultural, educational, leisure and social activities, without EHLQJ�DQ�REVWDFOH�WR�WKH�KLJK�ÀRZ�RI�SHRSOH�LQ�mega events days.
Although Maracanã has been completely revitalized in the past few years to meet FIFA Standards for 2014 World Cup, the area surrounding the stadium LV� FKDUDFWHUL]HG� E\� D� ELJ� RSHQ� VSDFH� WR� ¿W� DOO� WKH�football fans entering and exiting the stadium on mega events days. Besides this, the space has no use except for runners and cyclists.This project’s main goal is to bring people to those spaces on a regular basis, creating a connection between the stadium and the adjacent buildings – especially for the Favela da Mangueira, educational institutes, the Indigenous Museum (Aldeia Maracanã) and the metro station in the surrounding area.
REVERSIBLE INFRASTRUCTURE
21
01� 7KH� EXLOGLQJ� KDV� VLJQL¿FDQW� KLVWRULFDO��cultural and architectural value.
02�,W�LV�WKH�¿UVW�3URWHFWLRQ�6HUYLFH�DQG�0XVHXP�for Native people.The site has been neglected by the city for decades.
03 The Indigenous citizen’s occupation of the building - called Aldeia Maracanã - has taken place since 2006.
04 The threat of the building’s demolition which provoked social movements that forced the government to renovate the building.
05 There was an arbitrary and violent removal of the indigenous people that were occupying the site.
DIAGNOSISINDIGENOUS HERITAGE
ALDEIA MARACANA
ANALYSIS: INDIGENOUS
HERITAGE SITE
22
PROPOSALSINDIGENOUS HERITAGE
ALDEIA MARACANA
01 Restoration of the building to maintain its architectural characteristics.
02 Construction of the Indigenous University of Maracanã, to create a venue for the production and spread of indigenous cultural knowledge through teaching, research and exchanges.
03 Research and production oftraditional native cuisine.
04 Integration with the adjacent buildings on the site,especially with the education institutions of the neighbourhood.
23
Protest and Frustration at Maracanã Public Meetinghttp://rioonwatch.org/?s=maracana+public+meeting
The planned demolition of the Friedenreich Muncipal School, ranked fourth best public school in the state, to make way for a court has URXVHG�VLJQL¿FDQW�FULWLFLVP�IURP�FLYLO�VRFLHW\�JURXSV��LQFOXGLQJ�SROLWLFDO�mobilization group Meu Rio whose petition to save the school has over 15,000 signatures. Students and parents protested at Thursday’s meeting, with comments of disbelief made on the microphone: “The World Cup will be here for a month and you’re going to demolish a school?”. The Julio Delamare Aquatic Center and Celso de Barros Athletics Stadium used by schools and the surrounding communities are also slated for demolition.
%UD]LO¶V�¿UVW�RFLDO�UHFRJQLWLRQ�RI�LQGLJHQRXV�FXOWXUH�DQG�FXUUHQW�KRPH�WR�a village of indigenous people from all over Brazil since 2006, the former Museu do Índio situated next to the stadium is also to be cleared. What is currently a lively urban village called Aldeia Maracanã with educational FXOWXUDO�HYHQWV�DPRQJ�WKH�UHPDLQV�RI�%UD]LO¶V�¿UVW�LQGLJHQRXV�PXVHXP�LV�to become a parking lot. Carlos Tukano, an indian from Amazonas who has lived in Rio for more than 15 years, said “We are not going to negociate GHPROLWLRQ�� 7KH�:RUOG�&XS�ZRQ¶W� ¿QLVK�ZLWK� XV��:H¶YH� EHHQ�KHUH� IRU�more than 500 years.. We’ve been under pressure for years. We’re not going to leave. We’re going to create a lot of noise and the government is going to be viewed very badly”.
The question of democracy, or lack thereof, was raised repeatedly with protesters calling for the cancellation of the meeting due to the lack of public consultation as to whether the Maracanã be privatized. One VSHDNHU�FDOOHG�WKH�PHHWLQJ�³DQ�DURQW�WR�GHPRFUDF\´��7KH�SDQHO�LJQRUHG�the requests. The palpable frustration among the crowd and general sentiment that the meeting wasn’t a valid democratic exercise led the majority to abandon en masse halfway through.Aurea Xavier, mother of a student at the Freidenreich Muncipal School then took to the microphone with an impassioned speech that well articulates the general mood amongst those present:“You spoke about the democratic issue. Leglislation dictates that there has to be public consultation, there has to be a public meeting and who represents the people at a public meeting are those that attend. None of the citizens here expressed themselves to be in favor of the public-private initiative you’re doing. The people expressed a demand for the cancellation of the meeting and that the people be consulted. This meeting is invalid. We’re not going to stay here because we can see that it’s a farse… The petition we handed you is signed by 15,000 people. I
think the petition, the people’s demonstration, isn’t a minority group. :H� ¿OOHG� WKLV� SODFH� DQG� VDLG� QR� WR� WKH� FRQFHVVLRQDU\� DQG� WKLV� SXEOLF�private partnership. I’m leaving and I invite everyone else to come with me because it’s you [Secretary] that will decided for yourself and we will go through the legal channels to demand a proper Public Meeting.”6HFUHWDU\�5HJLV�)LFKWQHU�UHVSRQGHG�EULHÀ\�WR�WKH�FRPPHQWV��GLVPLVVLQJ�the protest of a “minority” as “anti-democratic”. He expressed the State’s pride over the Friedenreich school and assertions that the new one would be better. He denied the existence of the Aldeia Maracanã indigenous village, dismissing claims that it is anything other than “ruins with a tree growing out of the wall”. He then emphasized how the work would ensure D�IXWXUH�IRU�0DUDFDQm��WKDW�WKH�ÀDJV�ZRXOG�UHPDLQ�DQG�WKHUH�ZRXOG�EH�D�¿[HG�WLFNHW�SULFH�
24
25
ANALYSIS: FRIEDENREICH HIGH
SCHOOL
One of the main concerns regarding the city’s project for Maracanã stadium is the plan to demolish and
relocate the 48-year-old Public Junior High School Friendenreich. The school would lose its identity and
this would be a great loss to the city.
DIAGNOSISFRIENDERICH HIGH SCHOOL
01 Considered a “model” school.
02 It is the 4th best public junior-high school in the city. It is the10th among public Junior high schools in Brasil.
03 There is a strong bond between school employees, students and parents.
04 There is high quality infrastructure.
05 The school is a reference for accessibility.
06 The demolition is planned for 2014, to allow for the construction of warm-up facilities for athletes.
26
PROPOSALSFRIENDERICH HIGH SCHOOL
01 Non-removal of the school
02 Renovation according to the school’s community demands
03 Integration with the sports and cultural building on Maracanã Complex
04 Public School Frienderich to be considered as city heritage landmark status.
27
URBAN ANALYSIS
urban analysis urban analysis 30
urban analysis
higher circulation intensitymild circulation intensitylow circulation intensity
31
urban analysis
Concentration of People_X_Movement Intensity:The mega-event scenario
Spaces of concentration of people standing.
Spaces within a high speed of movement of pedestrians.
Poles of people concentration and areas of fast movement of pedestrians
32
urban analysis
Sketch of the inicial ideaSSSSkkkkeeeeeettttttccccccccchhhhhhhh ooooooooffffff ttttttthhhhhhhhhheeeeeee iiiiiinnnnnnnniiccccccciiaaalll iiiiiddddddddeeeeaaaaa
Physical space quality_diagram
Spaces with a good balance between area of stay and crossing area, shadow and sun light, and well pre-pared for their activi-ties
Spaces unsafed, uncomfortable, durty, not prepared for pedestrians activities and without good mobility.
Spaces that can attract or repulse pedestrians considering only the quality of their physical space
Buildings that have a great physical space related to their scale in the neighborhood, materials and also have balance between public and private space.
33
urban analysis
Usesquality_diagram
Spaces that attract peoplebecause of its potential ofuse and apropriation, thatsometimes are necessaryto the people. -
-
Spaces that repulse peoplebecause of its missing ofpotential of use.
Points that are attractiveto people because ofits uses.
urban analysis
urban analysis
concentration and flows
red areas are hot concentration points:places with high density and programs
blue areas are cold repulsion points:places with few or no density and programs
analysing the map, yellow mild areas can be LGHQWLILHG�DV�SRVVLEOH�SURJUDP�¶EDORRQV·
36
urban analysis
concentration and flows
flow lines are analised as possibleitineraries to reach the interest hot areasof concentration
flow lines are repulsed by abandoned placesand established programs
37
380 100 200 30050
0 100 200 30050
39 urban analysis circulation analysisProgram
Minha Casa
Minha Vida
Maracanã
Complex
Hospital
UERJ
(state
university)
Secundary
School
Metro station
Brazilian Institute of
Geography and
Statistics (IBGE)
Cultural Space
Zoo
Quinta da Boa
Vista Park
Military area
Veiga de
Almeida
university
N
Mangueira
Favela
N
Train Railway
Metro Railway
Local Roads
Secondary Roads
Main Roads
0 100 200 30050100 200 300
urban analysis program analysisProgram
Minha Casa
Minha Vida
Maracanã
Complex
Hospital
UERJ
(state
university)
Secundary
School
Metro station
Brazilian Institute of
Geography and
Statistics (IBGE)
Cultural Space
Zoo
Quinta da Boa
Vista Park
Military area
Veiga de
Almeida
university
N
Mangueira
Favela
Minha Casa
Minha Vida
Maracanã
Complex
Hospital
UERJ
(state
university)
Secundary
School
Metro station
Brazilian Institute of
Geography and
Statistics (IBGE)
Cultural Space
Zoo
Quinta da Boa
Vista Park
Military area
Veiga de
Almeida
university
N
Program
Mangueira
Favela
0 100 200 30050
0 100 200 30050
CICLOVIA
CICLOVIA
CICLOVIA
urban analysis access analysisProgram
Minha Casa
Minha Vida
Maracanã
Complex
Hospital
UERJ
(state
university)
Secundary
School
Metro station
Brazilian Institute of
Geography and
Statistics (IBGE)
Cultural Space
Zoo
Quinta da Boa
Vista Park
Military area
Veiga de
Almeida
university
N
Mangueira
Favela
N
Access
Access
0 100 200 300500 100 200 30050
urban analysis concentration analysisProgram
Minha Casa
Minha Vida
Maracanã
Complex
Hospital
UERJ
(state
university)
Secundary
School
Metro station
Brazilian Institute of
Geography and
Statistics (IBGE)
Cultural Space
Zoo
Quinta da Boa
Vista Park
Military area
Veiga de
Almeida
university
N
Mangueira
Favela
N
Concentration of people
3
2
1
0 100 200 300500 100 200 30050
urban analysis solar analysisProgram
Minha Casa
Minha Vida
Maracanã
Complex
Hospital
UERJ
(state
university)
Secundary
School
Metro station
Brazilian Institute of
Geography and
Statistics (IBGE)
Cultural Space
Zoo
Quinta da Boa
Vista Park
Military area
Veiga de
Almeida
university
N
Mangueira
Favela
Shadow PathN
6h 17h11:30h
PROJECT hypothesis:o maracA É NOSSO
PROJECT
The proposal’s main challenge was to accommodate the public demands of WZR�FRPSOHWHO\�GLHUHQW�VFHQDULRV��PHJD�events days, when big empty open spaces are needed to manage the extremely high ÀRZ�RI�SHRSOH���DQG�RQ�D�GD\�WR�GD\�EDVLV��ZKHQ�D�YDULHW\�RI�XVHV�VKRXOG�EH�RHUHG�WR�attract other type of users, and to connect Maracanã Stadium’s landscape area to adjacent buildings – such as UERJ (State University of Rio de Janeiro), Indigenous Museum (Aldeia Maracanã), Public Junior High School Friendereich, Metro Station and Favela da Mangueira.
DELAMINATING FLOWSMulti-functional delaminating flows which organize clusters of social, cultural and educational programs to accommodate the indigenous people’s demands, such as the realization of social movements and the dissemination of their culture in order to integrate indigenous community in the society and to revive the memory of the area.This space can also be used for educational purposes to support the University of Maracanã’s – Aldeia Maracanã project that will be developed in the former Indigenous Museum’s building.
50
GROUNDFORMATIONS
A network of ground formations of variable socialization was designed. The preliminary hypothesis was that the rapid expansion of information technologies and greater efficiency in transportation networks has diluted the distinction between working, living and leisure affecting the way we design and experience boundaries in architecture. Given the coexistence between the sports events and the nested civic programs, a strategy of buildings without walls was developed for keeping enclosure at a minimum and capitalizing on exterior occupancy. The purpose was to design a set of programmatic elements for sitting, teaching, performing and gradually merging them with more neutrally programmed grounds that are optimized for flows. Through a series of digital design workshops, we developed new boundaries and thresholds through surface studies involving folding, pinching, splitting, stepping, terracing, blending, and bending. The focus of our experimentation was on how landform is derived: from pedestrian flows, the organization of perception and socialization. Through our design, we challenged notions of established hierarchy (the stadium as monument and the ground platform), ownership and defined new instances of civic appropriation.
ground formations André Fernandes & Blaz Grudnik Tominc
ground formations André Fernandes & Blaz Grudnik Tominc
52
ground formations Pedro Magalhães & Clarice Rohde
53
TWAINCURVES
The intervention consists in topographical surfaces IRUPHG�IURP�VOLGLQJ�FXUYHV�WKDW�ÀRZV�DFURVV�WKH�ZKROH�site, instigating people to appropriate from the forms, that suggest some uses.Next to the Public School Friendereich, there is a platform that suggests an amphitheater for the kids to play and experience life on a stage. The surface also serves to the crowds that concentrate in this area during game days. The Bellini statue was revalued with some steps that allow people to come closer to a national idol. Beside the VWUHHW�� WKH� DUWL¿FLDO� WRSRJUDSK\� SURWHFWV� IURP� WKH� FDUV�and provides some pleasant spots to stay and enjoy the day. The intervention also supports ephemeral street market, the “ambulantes”, which make their lives selling on streets. This informal market will take over the area with itinerant modules moved by cycling, that which vendor will personalize, with a “jeitinho brasileiro”.
54 ground formations Pedro Magalhães & Clarice Rohde
55 ground formations Pedro Magalhães & Clarice Rohde
56
pedestrian pathwaylines and points of attraction
point of attraction andinfluenced aereas
base grid and points
surface
contour
topography created
topography created
extrude in Y and Zdirection
ground formations Pedro Magalhães & Clarice Rohde
LEVELBRIDGE
Due to the politics of the favela inhabitants’ exclusion and the prohibition of non-paying people to the stadium’s surrounding public landscape, the bridge – that nowadays connects UERJ, Maracanã and Metro Station - was redesigned to include Favela da Mangueira to the site creating both physical and social connections.Physically, an expansion for the bridge was proposed to connect the Metro Station and the favela. The new
bridge should also have social activities – such as free health support, informal markets, an open library, HWF��±�ORFDWHG�RQ�WZR�GLHUHQW�OHYHOV�LQ�RUGHU�WR�KDYH�activities occurring every day, including mega events. The idea is to have these activities happening on the metro access level on a regular basis – because of the VPDOO�ÀRZ�RI�XVHUV�WKH\�JHQHUDWH�±�DQG�RQ�WKH�VHFRQG�level on event days so the everyday activities will not be an obstacle for the large amount of people accessing Maracanã’s Stadium.
57 ground formationsVitor Vieira, Denivaldo Pereira e Antonio Maurício
58ground formationsNatalia Meyohas & Lis Pamplona
these vertical structures are also marking some bifurcation of the bridge
VERTICAL STRUCTURES ON THE BRIDGE
street with informal market
higher level for other activities
Always empty Place where people stay in soccer days Place of passage Car flowsFLOWS CURRENT SITUATION
59 ground formationsNatalia Meyohas & Lis Pamplona
60ground formationsTiago Guimarães & Jonas Abreu
ATHLETICS CONVENTION HALLBleachers arise from the ground following a triangular modulation. Under the bleachers, there are some internal spaces that will be used for educational and social activities. The users also can go upstairs to access the balcony to view the site landscape or watch races from an elevated perspective.
61
final _ model
62ground formationsJoão Manoel Brino & Antonio Maurício
63
CANOPY &URBAN GROUND DEVELOPMENT
The canopy was designed to be adaptable to different uses and activities around Maracanã Stadium, from sports events to the proposed everyday public activities, offering much needed shaded space on the expansive site. The structural anchoring strategy emerges from characteristics of the site to support vaulting minimal surface configurations made up of smaller components.
66canopy developmentdeployment strategy
CANOPYDEVELOPMENT
A shadow analysis of the site was conducted to determine locations of high solar exposure that need WKH�VRODU�SURWHFWLRQ�RHUHG�E\�WKH�FDQRS\��6HFRQGO\��high points of the site were located, for example the tops of lighting posts and other structures to serve as a triangulated support network for a system of cable structures to support the vaults of the canopies.
67
A prototype of the canopy structure was built within the Studio X space. Curved pipe vaults were suspended from the existing trusses of the space to support a system of chords that thread through the eyelets of the components. The overall global formation was determined through a series of form-¿QGLQJ�H[HUFLVHV��)LQDOO\�D�FRORU�VWUDWHJ\�EDVHG�RQ�attraction points was used to distribute a gradating V\VWHP�RI�GLHUHQW�FRORUV�IRU�WKH�FRPSRQHQWV�
INSTALLATION DESIGN IN-SITU ASSEMBLY
68
69
16,2%
gray
whi
te
red
pink
purp
le
blue
blac
k
trans
pare
nt
21,2% 49,5% 3,1% 2,1% 2,8% 2,5% 2,6%
70canopy developmentcolor coding elements
16,2%
gray
whi
te
red
pink
purp
le
blue
blac
k
trans
pare
nt
21,2% 49,5% 3,1% 2,1% 2,8% 2,5% 2,6%
COMPONENT STUDY
7KH�ÀH[LEOH�QDWXUH� RI� WKH�GLDPRQG� H\H� VKDSHG�FRPSRQHQW� DOORZV� IRU� LWV� DGDSWLRQ� WR� GLHUHQW�OHYHOV�RI�FXUYDWXUH�RI�WKH�GLHUHQW�YDXOWV�RI�WKH�site canopies. The individual components can double in width, creating elastic transformations depending on the global geometry. The component was manufactured by c.n.c. milling a mold of foam, and thermo-forming foam sheets on top of the mold. Eyelet rivets on four points of the component allow for a diamond grid tiling connection strategy. Finally, cables are run through the component eyelets to suspend them from supporting vault structures.
71
Components
V1
V2
V3_final
V1
V2
V3_final
Grids and development
72canopy developmentcomponent study
Components
V1
V2
V3_final
V1
V2
V3_final
Grids and development
73
74
Compression and Tension
Compression
13.50
MIN MAX
36.00 50.50
Normal Tension
Perspective Arch type 1Section Arch type 1
Perspective Arch type 2Section Arch type 2
Space development
canopy developmentcomponent study
Compression and Tension
Compression
13.50
MIN MAX
36.00 50.50
Normal Tension
Perspective Arch type 1Section Arch type 1
Perspective Arch type 2Section Arch type 2
Space development
75
76canopy developmentmesh and color coding
125
164
382
2219162420
Canopie
77
125
164
382
2219162420
Canopie
canopy developmentinstalation design
canopy developmentinstalation design
urban grounds development André Fernandes & Blaz Grudnik Tominc
82
Community centre
Redefining existing shapes New urban landscape
Indigenous University of Maracanã
Connecting neighborhoods
URBAN GROUNDDEVELOPMENT
A network of ground formations of variable socialization was designed. The preliminary hypothesis was that the rapid expansion of LQIRUPDWLRQ� WHFKQRORJLHV� DQG� JUHDWHU� HFLHQF\� LQ�transportation networks has diluted the distinction EHWZHHQ� ZRUNLQJ�� OLYLQJ� DQG� OHLVXUH� DHFWLQJ�the way we design and experience boundaries in architecture. Given the coexistence between the sports events and the nested civic programs, a strategy of buildings without walls was developed for keeping enclosure at a minimum and capitalizing on exterior occupancy. The purpose was to design a set of programmatic elements for sitting, teaching, performing and gradually merging them with more neutrally programmed grounds that are optimized IRU� ÀRZV�� 7KURXJK� D� VHULHV� RI� GLJLWDO� GHVLJQ�workshops, we developed new boundaries and thresholds through surface studies involving folding, pinching, splitting, stepping, terracing, blending, and bending. The focus of our experimentation was RQ�KRZ�ODQGIRUP�LV�GHULYHG���IURP�SHGHVWULDQ�ÀRZV��the organization of perception and socialization. Through our design, we challenged notions of established hierarchy (the stadium as monument DQG� WKH� JURXQG�SODWIRUP��� RZQHUVKLS� DQG�GH¿QHG�new instances of civic appropriation.
83
urban grounds development André Fernandes & Blaz Grudnik Tominc
84
85
urban grounds development André Fernandes & Blaz Grudnik Tominc
86
87
urban grounds development André Fernandes & Blaz Grudnik Tominc
urban grounds developmentTiago Guimarães & Jonas Abreu
development _ triangulation
creation of triangulation based on interconnectionof points
90
canopy
topography entrance
balcony
bleachers
isometric_model
91
development _ geometry
creation of slopes, stairs and quiosques based on the triangulation lines
92 urban grounds developmentTiago Guimarães & Jonas Abreu
93
urban grounds developmentTiago Guimarães & Jonas Abreu
urban grounds developmentTiago Guimarães & Jonas Abreu
urban grounds developmentTiago Guimarães & Jonas Abreu
98
99
Pieces
BENCHcut operation
Com
posit
ions
Using a foam block of 3m x 1m x 0.5m. We have made simply shapes and forms to have the maximum use and minimum waste of the cuts areas. So we’ve decide to make cuts that can be use the positive and negative areas.
Here we have the cuts diagrams
By cutting de foam, we have this 6 forms and 8 pieces above, that we can organize as we want.
urban furniture developmentVictor Vieira & Antonio Maurício
100
When finished, we questioned the feasabili-ty of the design, taking in consideration the amouth of material, tools and time on our hands. We decided to design another ver-sion, maintaining the same creative process but trying to suceed where we had previ-ously failed.
to minimize the amout of material used but to maximize the amout of interactions between the modules we designed two modules and mirrored them, so we had four modules which we could produce using only two pairs of guides
101
0.5m
1m
We began the design process by creating two different modules of seating spaces, for one person and two people. We then modified the geometry to make it more ergonomic and and increase the the possiblities of interactions between the geometries.
Above, the main geometry that we decided upon.
After that we begane curving the form in order to mazimize the quantity and versatility of the form
And to make the volume more interesting but keeping in mind our production constraints we designed a bottom for the piece.
Spaces were created in the unused parts of the seat where we will add greenery.
BenchUsing our intial designs and studies on urban planning and transformtions we began working on the design of a bench that could be built on real size. Due to the very limeted amount of ma-terial that we had available (a single block of 3m x 1m x 0.5m of foam) we tried do develop a design which would leave the mini-mum amount of waste as possible. The best tools we had available the project were a “hot wire cutter” and guide lines which we would design digitaly and use a 3 axis CNC router to produce in real size.
3m
1m
0.5m
urban furniture developmentVictor Vieira & Antonio Maurício
102
103 urban furniture developmentwood mold
urban furniture developmentassembly sequence
104
105
To accommodate this respon¬siveness, the design was developed using parametric associative modeling – as Rhinoceros and Grasshopper - and digital fabrication using the CNC, Laser Cutters and 3D Printer.
DIGITAL TOOLS
MANUFACTURING METHODS
108
110
STUDIO LIFE
STUDIO X
LECTURERS
Paula Camargo - Centro Carioca de Design
Renato Cosentino - Comitê Popular da Copa e Olimpíada
Pedro Rivera - Studio X
studio life presentations
114
studio life lectures
studio life Maracanã visit
116
117
studio life barracão visit
118
119
Are the founding directors of LASSA (lassa-architects.com), an international architecture and urban design VWXGLR� ZLWK� RFHV� LQ� /RQGRQ� DQG� %UXVVHOV�� /DVVD� LV�currently focusing on commissions in Europe, Asia and the North Africa. Since 2009, Theo and Dora are involved in academic research at the Architecture Association through the work of diploma 17. Dora Sweijd received her masters from the Bartlett School of Architecture in London. She previously worked at a number of practices in Brussels, London and NY including REX and Foster + Partners. Theo Sarantoglou Lalis received his masters from the Bartlett school of Architecture in London. He has taught postgraduate studios at Columbia University and Harvard University. Prior to founding LASSA, he held project director positions at Future Systems and Asymptote. In 2010, LASSA was awarded a European UHVHDUFK� JUDQW� LQ� WKH� ¿HOG� RI� DGYDQFHG� OLJKWLQJ�� LQ�partnership with world leading specialists as well as research institutions throughout Europe and was recently shortlisted for the Chernikov award. LASSA is a chartered architecture company with the Architects registration board (ARB) in London, UK.
Are directors of SUBdV (www.SUBdV.com), using a mixture of high and low design technologies to generate socially and environmentally responsive geometries for architecture and urban design projects. They were AA Diploma Unit 2 Masters from 2005 to 2010 and taught at the Pratt Institute and Columbia University in New York, from where they both also received Master’s degrees. They have published, exhibited and lectured about their work worldwide, including the Beijing Biennale, the Rotterdam Biennale, the Athens Synthasoris Exhibition, the London Festival of Architecture, and the Festival of Electronic Language (FILE) in São Paulo. The work of AA Diploma Unit 2 has been featured in AD, ArchiCree, and the AA Agendas 7 Articulated Grounds: Mediating Environment and Culture publication. They are also currently coordinating the AA Brazil Visiting Schools and are working on architecture projects for various grassroots micro-agencies, ranging from self-organized favela residents’ associations, to carnival samba schools in Rio de Janeiro, to a former boxer champion’s informal sports academy under the viaducts in São Paulo. These projects are realised through a negotiation between formal and informal entities, as well as between public and private agencies, to produce socially empowering interventions, combining computation and digital fabrication with local techniques, materials and economies.
Theo Sarantoglou Lalis & Dora Sweijd
FRANKLIN LEE & ANNE SAVE DE BEAURECUEIL
Victor Sardenberg works at SUBdV (www.SUBdV.com), holds a diploma of Architect and Urbanist from Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie, is co-writer of “Arquiteturas Avançadas” blog at Revista aU, member of the research group Teo.Pro (Theory and Project in Digital Era) and of the artistic ensemble EPICAC Tropical. His activities are between architecture, arts, sound installations and computation.
Joseph Swan is an architect from Ireland, who received his diploma from the University of Ireland. He has worked for Heneghan Peng Arquitetos in Ireland, as well as the Advanced Geometry Unit, created by Cecil Balmond at Ove Arup Engineers in London. He specializes in parametric design and advanced digital fabrication technologies.He is currently working in Brazil.
Orion Campos is an architect who graduated from UNESP-Bauru in 2010 and participated in the the AA Visiting School Rio de Janeiro in April 2012 as well as the ‘Responsive Architecture Studio’ at UNICAMP in the second semester of 2012. He has ZRUNHG�LQ�RFHV�VSHFLDOL]HG�LQ�GLHUHQW�DUHDV��ZKHUH�KH�ZDV�DEOH�WR�SDUWLFLSDWH�LQ�DOO�SKDVHV�DQG�DW�WKH�GLHUHQW�VFDOHV�RI�WKH�architectural project. Actually he works at SUBdV (www.SUBdV.com).
Lívia Diniz is a member of the Samba School for Kids Pimpolhos da Grande Rio’s artistic team and works with Art Direction IRU�¿OPV��WKHDWHU�DQG�HYHQWV��/tYLD�VWXGLHG�DW�WKH�)LQH�$UWV�6FKRRO�DW�5LR�GH�-DQHLUR¶V�)HGHUDO�8QLYHUVLW\�DQG�GHYHORSV�FRVWXPH�and scenography projects combining carnival esthetics with visual arts, reused materials, social approaches and technology.
Alex A. Tsolakis, born in Athens gained a Diploma in Architecture at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, before under tak-ing a Master of Arts at the Staedelschule Frankfurt a.M, In 2009 established alphataf - a studio for spatial practice, focusing on architectural consultancy and multimedia installations (Gesamtkunstwerk), www.alphataf.com. Alex is a co-founder and creative director of Blank Slate Journal launched in 2013, www.blankslate.de
Jonas Abreu [email protected]
JoÃo Manoel Caldeira Brino [email protected]
Andre Correa Fernandes [email protected]
Mariana Crego [email protected]
Rodolfo de Albuquerque Torres [email protected]
Jure Glusic [email protected]
Blaz Grudnik Tominc [email protected]
Tiago Guimaraes [email protected]
Pedro Magalhães [email protected]
Nathália Meyohas [email protected]
Lis Pamplona [email protected]
Denivaldo Pereira [email protected]
Antonio Pessoa Mauricio [email protected]
Fabiano Pires [email protected]
Clarice Rohde [email protected]
Maria Elisa Vianna [email protected]
Vitor Vieira [email protected]
Felipe Ferreira [email protected]
Students 2014
1. http://www.pop.com.br/esportes/copa-do-mundo/Copa-do-Mundo-de-2014-tem-gastos-elevados-em-R--2-5-bilhoes-963717.html2.http://www.jogadaensaiada.com.br/especial-je-maracana-como-nasceu-o-templo-do-futebol.html3. http://revistabahia.com.br/2014/02/27/abraji-denuncia-19-agressoes-a-jornalistas-em-manifestacao-contra-a-copa-em-sp/4. http://tribunadonorte.com.br/news.php?not_id=2542755. http://www.humorpolitico.com.br/ruas-que-falam/ruas-que-falam-parte-3/6. https://www.facebook.com/aldeia.maracana.3?fref=ts7. http://www.dignow.org/area/os-protestos-a-copa-e-a-cidade-5914447-899438. http://cmais.com.br/jornalismo/cidades/protesto-contra-a-copa-reune-mil-pessoas-e-termina-com-depredacao-em-sao-paulo9. https://www.facebook.com/events/631520826877750/10. http://www.otempo.com.br/cidades/protestos-deixam-rastro-de-destruição-sujeira-e-pichação-em-belo-horizonte-1.666111
CREDITS
Studio-X Global Network