Compiled program with target toolchain

Target binary0101…111

Emulation on existing platform (e.g., x86)

Equivalent instructions (translation)

Input (e.g, Image)

OutputEMULATION

Instruction Set Simulator (ISS)

OutputISS

Architectural Simulator

OutputARCH_SIM OutputGROUND_TRUTH

Impl. on mature platform (e.g., x86)

= = =

e.g., Vector add -> for loop add

Java, python, C, whatsoeverMemory

hierarchy modelTiming model

Functional model

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Functional with instruction counts