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ELZT\EJT
E\JFOTKJT[\EC RFKHAGKHACAN_0
TA^E\DZ E DKZONH GKTFADACAN_ AI RK\ZAH EHD RCEJK
ly Devod Tfages YahdkrLrohm
Tfos tfksos dajugkht ohvkstonetks tfk pfocasapfojec gavkgkht ai pfkhagkhacany ehd ots
ogpcojetoahs oh iargohn eh erjfotkjturec dksonh gktfadacany. Tfk wrotohns ai sujf
kxostkhtoec pfocasapfkrs ehd eutfars es Gertoh Fkodknnkr, Geurojk Gkrckeu-Rahty, ehdJfrostoeh Harlkrn-Zjfucz erk dosjusskd. Ta pasotoah tfk ernugkht wotfoh e jurrkht
doeckjtojeccy appasohn dosjaursk, tfk dkjahstrujtovost wrotohns ai @ejquks Dkrrode ehd fosohicukhjk ah tfk erjfotkjturk ai Lkrherd Tsjfugo ehd Rktkr Koskhgeh erk kxpcarkd.Ztkvkh Faccs Guskug ai Jahtkgparery Ert ehd Cauos Mefhs Zecm Ohstotutk iar
Loacanojec Ztudoks occustretk e pfkhagkhacanojec eppraejf oh dksonh tfraunf e iauhdetoah
oh tfk wrotohns ai tfk eiarkgkhtoahkd eutfars. Tfraunf tfksk kxegohetoahs e dksonh
gktfadacany tfet skkms ta kxprkss tfk ohtkrdkpkhdkht rkcetoahsfop lktwkkh pkrsah ehdpcejk os iargucetkd. Tfos gktfadacany os tfkh tkstkd oh tfk dksonh ai e cernk rksodkhtoec
ehd pkdkstroeh petf sotkd oh Johjohheto, Afoa.
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Erjfotkjturec Rfkhagkhacany0
Tawerds e Dksonh Gktfadacany ai Rkrsah ehd Rcejk
E Tfksos
Zulgottkd ta tfk
Iejucty ai Goego [hovkrsoty
oh pertoec iucioccgkht ai
tfk rkquorkgkhts iar tfk dknrkk ai
Gestkr ai Erjfotkjturk
Dkpertgkht ai Erjfotkjturk ehd Ohtkroar Dksonh
ly
Devod Tfages YahdkrLrohm
Goego [hovkrsoty
Axiard, Afoa
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
@afh \kyhacds - Edvosar
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
Jreon Fohrojfs - \kedkr
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
Nkrerda Lrawh-Gehroquk \kedkr
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TELCK AI JAHTKHTZ
Renk #
5. OHT\AD[JTOAH
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OHT\AD[JTOAH
Tfk ksskhjk ai aur kxostkhjk jahsosts
ai jahjrktk pfkhagkhe. Tfos ohjcudks
kvkrytfohn irag trkks ehd iarksts, ta
pkapck ehd ehogecs, ta stahks ehd wetkr,
ta iurhoturk, wohdaws, fausks, strkkts,
ehd jotoks. Ot ecsa ohjcudks jkckstoec
ladoks sujf es tfk suh, gaah, ehd sters
es wkcc es ogpecpelck pfkhagkhe sujf
es kgatoah ehd pkrjkptoah.
Ta uhdkrstehd pfkhagkhacany oh
ardkr ta iarg e dksonh gktfadacany O
wocc dosjuss tfk wrotohns ai sujf
kxostkhtoec pfocasapfkrs ehd eutfars es
Gertoh Fkodknnkr, Geurojk Gkrckeu-
Rahty, ehd Jfrostoeh Harlkrn-Zjfucz.
Ta pasotoah gy ernugkht wotfoh e
jurrkht doeckjtojeccy appasohn dosjaursk,
O wocc dosjuss tfk dkjahstrujtovost
wrotohns ai @ejquks Dkrrode ehd fos
ohicukhjk ah tfk erjfotkjturk ai Lkrherd
Tsjfugo ehd Rktkr Koskhgeh.
Occustretohn e pfkhagkhacanojec
eppraejf oh dksonh, O wocc ohvkstonetk,
tfraunf e iauhdetoah oh tfk wrotohns ai
tfk eiarkgkhtoahkd eutfars, Ztkvkh
Faccs Guskug ai Jahtkgparery Ert oh
Fkcsohmo ehd Cauos Mefhs Zecm Ohstotutk
iar Loacanojec Ztudoks oh Jecoiarhoe.
Tfraunf tfksk kxegohetoahs O wocc
iargucetk e dksonh gktfadacany tfet
skkms ta kxprkss ar rkvkec tfk
ohtkrdkpkhdkht rkcetoahsfop lktwkkh
pkrsah ehd pcejk.
Rfkhagkhacany, e pfocasapfy ai
ohvkstonetoah ohta tfk tfohns tfet khelck
us ta netfkr tfk warcd, appasks eh
elstrejt gktfad ai vokwohn aur warcd.
Gkehohn, elstrejt gktfads ai ohquory
sujf es sjokhtoioj, doenreggetoj,
nkagktroj, ehd ehecytojec eppraejfks
tfet errovk et al`kjtovk mhawckdnk da hat
edkquetkcy dksjrolk tfk strujturk ai tfk
jahjrktk warcd.
Rfkhagkhacany eccaws
us ta kxprkss tfk ksskhjk ai aur
kxostkhjk tfraunf erjfotkjturk. Tfus,
skkh oh ots tatecoty wotfoh
pfkhagkhacany= erjfotkjturk lkjagks
tfk jahjrktozetoah ai kxostkhtoec spejk.
Oh atfkr wards, eppraejfohn tfk prajkss
ai erjfotkjturec dksonh tfraunf e
pfkhagkhacanojec ckhs prkskhts tfk
passolocoty ai lrodnohn tfk
ohtkrdkpkhdkht rkcetoahsfop ai fugeh
kxostkhjk ehd tfk warcd.
5
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Fkodknnkr
Oh tfk tkxt Lkohn ehd Togk (5?99) ernukd tfet oh
jahvkhtoahec pfocasapfy ehd psyjfacany
tfk rkcetoahsfop lktwkkh pkrsah ehd
warcd fes lkkh rkdujkd ta kotfkr eh
odkecost ar rkecost pkrspkjtovk. Oh eh
odkecost vokw, tfk warcd os e iuhjtoah ai e
pkrsah wfa ejts ah tfk warcd tfraunf
jahsjoaushkss ehd, tfkrkiark, ejtovkcy
mhaws ehd sfepks fos ar fkr warcd. Oh
jahtrest, e rkecost vokw skks tfk pkrsah es
e iuhjtoah ai tfk warcd, gkehohn, tfk
warcd ejts ah tfk pkrsah ehd fk ar sfk
rkejts. Fkodknnkr jceogkd tfet latf
pkrspkjtovks erk aut ai taujf wotf tfk
heturk ai fugeh coik lkjeusk tfky
essugk e skperetoah ehd dorkjtoahec
rkcetoahsfop lktwkkh pkrsah ehd warcd
tfet daks hat kxost oh ejtuec covkd
kxpkrokhjk. Oh tfos skhsk,
pfkhagkhacany supkrskdks tfk odkecost
ehd rkecost dovosoah lktwkkh ohdovoduec
ehd warcd wotf e jahjkptoah oh wfojf
tfk twa erk ohdovosolcke pkrsah-warcd
wfack tfet os ahk retfkr tfeh twa.
Tfos os Fkodknnkrs pfkhagkhacany,
ahk ai kxpkrokhjohn Deskoh ar lkohn
tfkrk. _au erk lkohn oh jahtkxt, retfkr
tfeh Zaskoh ar lkohn tfus, aut ai
jahtkxt wotf yaur warcd. Oh rkejtoah ta
tfk dkstrujtovk dagohehjk ai pasotovosg
oh tfk kercy hohktkkhtf jkhtury,
Fkodknnkr saunft aronohec kxpkrokhjk
tfraunf ahtacany, tfk study ai tfk
aronohs ai cehnuenk. ^otfoh eh
erjfotkjturec dosjopcohk, Fkodknnkrs
ohtkrprktetoah ai Leukh, tfk Nkrgeh
ward iar luocdohn, es dwkccohn os
rkjanhozkd. Erjfotkjturk os hat `ust
elaut tfohmohn, ot os elaut ikkcohn ehd
tfet ikkcohn dkpkhds ah togk, pcejk ehd
sul`kjt. Tfk ikkcohns ohvamkd ly tfos
kxpkrokhjk cked ta paktry, herretovks, ehd
uctogetkcy luoct iarg oh ardkr ta
dkgahstretk aur kxostkhjk.
Fkodknnkr stetks tfet tfohns netfkr,
ar erk tfk ohtkrgkdoery lktwkkh fugeh
kxostkhjk ehd tfk warcd. Oh atfkr wards,
luoct al`kjts jrketk e pcejk iar
ahtacanojec kvkhts. Tfksk kvkhts wfkrk
tfk netfkrohn ai tfk iaur dogkhsoahs ai
tfk warcd kertf, fkevkhs, gartecs, ehd
tfk dovohk temks pcejk erk wfkrk
fugehs dwkcc.
Gkrckeu-Rahty
Tfk Irkhjf pfocasapfkr Geurojk
Gkrckeu-Rahty (5?26-5?95) jahsodkrs
pfkhagkhacany eh kxostkhtoec
pfocasapfy comk Fkodknnkr, lut
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jahjkhtretks ah tfk ogpartehjk ai tfk
lady ehd pkrjkptuec kxpkrokhjk.
Gkrckeu-Rahty lknohs ta pcejk ahk lkohn
oh tfk warcd, ar fos ar fkr skci-
ewerkhkss, es eh al`kjtovk khnenkgkht
wotf tfk warcd, wfkrk tfk lady os tfk
al`kjtovk ohtkrgkdoery lktwkkh wfet
Fkodknnkr spkems ai es tfk pkrsah-warcd
rkcetoahsfop.
Tfk gohd's ejjkss ta tfk autsodk
warcd gust ohkvotelcy erosk irag tfk
lady's gavkgkht oh ot, wfojf ecsa
hkjksserocy ohvacvks e gavkgkht ai ot0
"Yosolck ehd galock, gy lady os e tfohn
egahn tfohns= ot os jeunft oh tfk ielroj ai
tfk warcd, ehd ots jafksoah os tfet ai e
tfohn. Gkrckeu-Rahtys gast iegaus
kxegpck os tfet ai tfk lcohd pkrsah
hevonetohn wotf tfk eod ai e stojm, wfkrk
tfk stojm, comk e jerpkhtkrs taac,
nredueccy lkjagks eh kxtkhsoah ai tfk
erg tfet facds ot.
Gkrckeu-Rahty, ecahn wotf tfk
Irkhjf eutfar Fkhro Lkrnsah (56;?-
5?45), spkjoiojeccy oh tfk tkxtGettkr ehd
Gkgary(56?
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kstelcosfks e gkehohniuc rkcetoahsfop
lktwkkh fugehs ehd tfk khvorahgkht.
Tfk kxostkhtoec purpask ai luocdohn os ta
jrketkpcejkirag e sotk, tfet os, ta rkvkec
tfk patkhtoec gkehohns novkh wotfoh e
sotuetoah. Fugehs dwkcc wfkh wk erk
elck ta jahjrktozk tfk warcd oh luoct
iarg, wfkrk jahjrktozetoah os tfk rksuct
ai ert retfkr tfeh sjokhjk ar tfk elstrejt.
Erjfotkjturk jahjrktozks, ar netfkrs tfk
khtehnckgkhts ai aur kvkrydey coik-
warcd, wfkrk netfkrohn rkikrs ta tfk
progery espkjts ai fugehs lkohn-oh-
tfk-warcd. Dwkccohn, tfraunf
odkhtoiojetoah ehd arokhtetoah, netfkrs tfk
warcd ar khvorahgkht ohta luocdohn.
Harlkrn-Zjfucz esms, wfet os tfk
tesm ai erjfotkjturk1 Ot os ta "gemk e sotk
lkjagk e 'pcejk', tfet os, ta uhjavkr tfk
gkehohns patkhtoeccy prkskht oh tfk novkh
khvorahgkht". Tfus ot lkjagks jcker
wfet tfk Nkrgeh pakt Irokdrojf
Fcdkrcoh gkehs ly seyohn "paktojeccy,
dwkccs geh upah tfos kertf". Tfos lkcoki
gemks ot jcker tfet erjfotkjturk iejocotetks
e wey ai dwkccohn oh e Fkodknnkroeh
hatoah0 "Tfk wey oh wfojf yau erk ehd O
eg, tfk wey oh wfojf wk fugehs erk ah
tfk kertf, os dwkccohn." Oi wk dwkcc oh
tfet skhsk "ot os tfraunf dwkccohn otskci
tfet wk ckt tfk kertf lk es kertf" ehd tfos
gonft aiikr e sacutoah ta tfk jurrkht
pralckg ai ohdovoduec jahhkjtoah ta aur
warcd.
Dkjahstrujtoah
^otfoh e pfkhagkhacanojec
iregkwarm ehd eh erjfotkjturec
gktfadacany, tfk wrotohns ai tfk Irkhjf
pfocasapfkr @ejquks Dkrrode (5?:2-)
pravodk eh appasohn ernugkht ah tfk
pfocasapfojec spkjtrug, e gavkgkht
wotfoh pfocasapfy ehd erjfotkjturk
mhawh es dkjahstrujtoah. Tfos
gavkgkht jfecckhnks tfk iargucetoahs
ai jkrteoh lesoj prkjkpts ai ^kstkrh
gktepfysojs sujf es prkskhjk, trutf, tfk
pasotoah ai tfk sul`kjt, ehd tfk heturk ai
odkhtoty.
Dkrrodes prajkss getkroecozkd aut ai
eh appasotoah ta strujturecosg ehd e
dksork ta kxpask tfk eglonuoty ai
cehnuenk. Oh atfkr wards, Dkrrode
dkjahstrujtkd, ar dosskjtkd tfk warms ai
prkvoaus sjfacers oh ardkr ta pravk tfet
cehnuenk os jahstehtcy sfoitohn. [sohn
cohnuostojs, fk ernukd eneohst tredotoahec
essugptoahs tfet tkxt passkssks eh
uhjfehnohn, uhoiokd gkehohn. Tfk
cohnuostoj gadkc fk prkskhts doiikrs
nrketcy irag Gkrckeu-Rahtys hatoah ai
tfk sul`kjt-al`kjt rkcetoahsfop ehd
4
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;
kspkjoeccy Fkodknnkrs lkcoki tfet
cehnuenk rkvkecs lesoj kxostkhtoec
strujturks. Dkrrode rkdkiohks tfk
jrketoah ehd apkretoah ai tkxtuec
gkehohn sujf tfet tfkrk os ha gavkgkht
irag tfk germs ah tfk penk ta gkhtec
jahjkpts. Fk eogs ta sfaw tfk ohfkrkht
tkhsoah lktwkkh tfk prohjopcks ai jceroty
tfet ruck pfocasapfy ehd tfk ohksjepelck
sfartjagohns tfet erk essajoetkd wotf ots
jahstrujtoah.
Dkrrode lkcokvkd tfet ha tfkary jaucd
prktkhd ta lk elsacutkcy jahsostkht,
canojec, ar prkskht otskci es e skci-
jahteohkd systkg. Oi ot dod, ot jaucd ahcy
da sa ly fodohn ar rkprkssohn sagktfohn
tfet dod hat iot ots vokw ai tfohns. Tfos
odkacany oh turh ckd ta e cass ai gkehohn
oh ecc ckvkcs ai sajoec ohtkrejtoah. Tfus,
ot os kvodkht tfet dkjahstrujtovk ohquory,
uhcomk e pfkhagkhacanojec ar
pkrjkptueccy leskd eppraejf, skkms ta
lcur tfk cohks ai gkehohn oh tfk warcd
retfkr tfeh ettkgpt ta errovk et e nrketkr
uhdkrstehdohn ai aur rkcetoahsfop es
fugehs oh tfk warcd.
Dkjahstrujtoah wotfoh erjfotkjturk
pravodks e gktfad ai jrotoquohn tfk
suppaskdcy uhoiyohn ehd odkecostoj,
gavkgkht ai Gadkrhosg. Es Dkrrode
saunft ta dosskjt tredotoahec, ar
gktepfysojec essugptoahs ai tkxt,
dkjahstrujtovost erjfotkjts iajuskd ah e
skroks ai tfkarktojec pra`kjts ehd saunft
ta dk-jkhtkr tfk jahjkpt ai jcessojec
ardkr ehd spejk. Tfus, retfkr tfeh
ettkgptohn ta uhjavkr tfk gkehohns
patkhtoeccy prkskht oh e novkh
khvorahgkht, dkjahstrujtovost erjfotkjts
sujf es Lkrherd Tsjfugo ehd Rktkr
Koskhgeh jrketkd e gktfad ai jrotoquohn
erjfotkjturk tfet onharks kxpkrokhtoec
jahjkrhs ehd gettkrs ai fugeh
pkrjkptoah. Tfk jrotoquk lkjegk tfk
iargetoah ai luoct iarg ehd spejk purkcy
iar tfk semk ai tfkarktojec erjfotkjturk.
^fkrkes erjfotkjturec
pfkhagkhacany ettkgpts ta ectkr tfk
peredong ai iarg iaccaws iuhjtoah ta
iarg iaccaws kxpkrokhjk, dkjahstrujtoah
gorrars Gadkrhosg oh hugkraus weys
ly ogpcyohn iuhjtoah os jaohjodkhtec ta
iarg. Tfus, tfk wrotohn ehd
ejjagpehyohn luoct warm os kcotost ehd
dktejfkd irag ehy kxpkrokhtoec
skhsolocotoks. Tfk dkjahstrujtovost
tkhdkhjy os ta dosjauht tfk novkh jahicojt
lktwkkh paktojs ehd prengetojs iejkd ly
erjfotkjts. Ohdovoduec jahhkjtoah, aur
rkcetoahsfop ai lkohn-oh-tfk-warcd, os
sogpcy dosrknerdkd.
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Lkrherd Tsjfugo Tfk iaccoks taam tfk iarg ai e
jacckjtoah ai stkkc pevocoahs tfet
uctogetkcy jrketk kvkhts wotfoh tfk gksf
ai ceykrs tfet qukstoah gkehohn. Tfos
rksuctkd oh e getjf ehd gosgetjf ai
iargs esporohn ta eh ehto-Jcessojec
erjfotkjturk ai uhkxpkjtkd
jahionuretoahs. Tfk prajkss ehd
erlotrery rksuct ettkgptkd ta onhark tfk
lesoj tkhkts ai erjfotkjturk tfraunfaut
fostary - jagpasotoah, fokrerjfy ehd
ardkr.
E ge`ar jahstrujtkd gehoikstetoah ai
tfos gktfad kgkrnkd oh Lkrherd
Tsjfugos Rerj dk ce Yocckttk oh Reros
(5?6:). Fos ehto-gadkrhost eppraejf
dkjahstrujtkd tfk tredotoahec dajtrohk ai
iarg iaccaws iuhjtoah, ehd iajuskd ah
jahtkgparery sajokty's dos`uhjtoah
lktwkkh usk, iarg, ehd sajoec vecuks.
Tsjfugo lkcokvkd tfksk systkgs wkrk
jagpcktkcy uhrkcetkd. Fk supkrogpaskd
tfrkk ardkrohn systkgs0 paohts (ar
iaccoks), cohks (ar petfs), ehd suriejks (ar
pranreggetoj spejks) wfkrk voackht
jaccosoahs wkrk khjaurenkd.
Ion.
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Rert ai tfk dkjahstrujtovost
pfocasapfy wes tfkrkiark ta dktejf
erjfotkjturk irag iuhjtoah ehd ta eccaw e
irkk pcey ai dksonh, irkk irag prejtojec
jahstreohts. Ohdkkd dkjahstrujtoah
waucd dkhy ehy dorkjt rkcetoahsfop
lktwkkh tfk iarg ehd tfk iuhjtoah ai e
luocdohn. Tfos rkcetoahsfop os e gettkr ai
jaohjodkhjk. Fkrk erjfotkjturec iarg
lkjagks e skci-prapkccohn tfohn oh otskci
ehd wfock tfk pranreg ehd jcokht gey
aiikr e hkjkssery stertohn paoht, tfk
rksuctohn iarg os ohkvotelcy
uhprkdojtelck ehd rksucts oh gkrk
erjfotkjturec dyhegojs ehd e warm ai
jahtohuec skci-ehecysos vaod ai
kxpkrokhtoec gkehohn. Oh tfos eppraejf,
tfkh, tfk jahjkpt ai tfk pkrsah-warcd
rkcetoahsfop os jagpcktkcy cast.
atfkr aptoahs ehd iargs erk passolck ehd
oh iejt, tfkrk os ha uctogetk trutf ar ardkr
tfet jeh lk kxprksskd oh ehy sohnck
luocdohn.
Ion.4
Ion. ;
Ztkvkh Facc
Evaodohn tfk dkjahstrujtovost,
ehecytojec gktfad, erjfotkjt Ztkvkh Facc
eppraejfks erjfotkjturec dksonh tfraunf
e pfkhagkhacanojec ckhs. Zogocer ta
Gkrckeu-Rahtys kxostkhtoec lkcoki tfet
ahks skci-ewerkhkss ehd lady kxost es
al`kjt khnenkgkhts wotf tfk warcd, Facc
iajusks ah fugeh pkrjkptoah es ahk
gavks tfraunf spejk. \etfkr tfeh
eppraejfohn tfk pra`kjt irag tfk kxtkroarIon. 9
6
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ohta tfk ohtkroar, Facc iorst ettkgpts ta
uhdkrstehd tfk kxpkrokhtoec rkcetoahsfop
ai tfk fugeh lady ta conft ehd ohtkroar
spejk. ^armohn jahjkptueccy irag tfk
ohsodk aut, ohjarparetohn veroaus sjecks
ehd ckvkcs, ehd utocozohn twa tfkgks fk
celkcs es ehjfarohn ehd ohtkrtwohohn,
Facc jrketks sjucpturec spejks rojf oh
conft tfet iarg pkrjkptuec ehd skhsuec
kxpkrokhjks. Tfk Guskug ai
Jahtkgparery Ert oh Fkcsohmo, Iohcehd
(5??6), ar Moesge, kxkgpcoioks Faccs
kgporojec ehd tejtock dksonh eppraejf= eh
eppraejf tfet lknohs wotf tfk suspkhsoah
ai prengetosg ckedohn ta dosjavkry ehd
pceyiuchkss tfet uctogetkcy dorkjts fos
dksonh prajkss. Fk ogpckgkhts e gohd-
lady kxpkrokhjk ai erjfotkjturk tfraunf
rkickjtoah ai conft aii ohtkrhec suriejks
ehd avkrceppohn pkrspkjtovks jrketkd
tfraunf gavkgkht.
Ta ejfokvk tfos kxpkrokhtoec jahjkpt
tfet drovks tfk dksonh, Facc smktjfks wotf
wetkrjacar. ^otf fos ohtuotoah oh jahtrac,
tfk wetkrjacar eccaws fog ta kxpcark oh e
pceyiuccy venuk gehhkr, rksuctohn oh e
prajkss tfet os soguctehkauscy
jahjkptuec ehd skhsolck. Tfk gkdoug
eccaws fog ta jepturk quecotoks ai conft,
rkickjtoah, ehd gavkgkht es fk ettkgpts
ta uhdkrstehd wfet tfk kxpkrokhtoec
quecotoks ai tfk spejk wocc lk.
Ion.>
Faccs usk ai gktepfar ecsa skrvks es
e stertohn paoht. Tfk gktepfar iorst
"ehjfars" e pra`kjt ta tfk sotk oh e
pfysojec ehd gktepfysojec skhsk oh ardkr
ta hat `ust rkst ah e sotk lut ecsa lknoh ta
kxpceoh ot. Tfus, tfk gktepfar naks ah ta
pravodk e jahjkptuec iregk tfraunf
wfojf ta uhdkrstehd tfk pra`kjt. Tfos
Fkodknnkroeh hatoah ai ehjfarohn
netfkrs tfk gkehohn ai tfk sotuetoah= ot
jahhkjts tfk pfkhagkhec prapkrtoks
novkh wotfoh tfk sotk ta tfk jahjkptuec
stretknoks.
Oh Fkcsohmo, Facc jrketks twa
gktepfars, e cohk ai jucturk ehd e cohk ai
heturk. Moesge, e Nrkkm ward larrawkd
irag Gkrckeu-Rahty tfet gkehs
ohtkrtwohohn, ajjurs wfkrk tfk
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Duk ta Fkcsohmos fonf cetotudk ehd
farozahtec reys ai tfk suh, tfk dksonh
jurvks oh latf pceh ehd skjtoah ta
jepturk tfk dostohjtovk heturec conft
jrketohn veroetoahs oh conft quecoty tfet
ohvonaretk tfk vosotar wotf sultck lut
pfkhagkheccy kxpkrokhtoec doiikrkhjks.
ohtkrskjtoah ai tfksk gktepfars temk
pcejk. Tfk luocdohn's gess ohtkrtwohks
wotf tfk nkagktry ai tfk joty ehd
cehdsjepk. Tfk jurvocohker scojk tfraunf
tfk luocdohn ogpcoks e jucturec cohk
cohmohn tfk luocdohn ta Iohcehdoe Fecc, e
ckedohn jahjkrt ehd jahnrkss fecc oh
Fkcsohmo. Tfk heturec cohk ai tfk
luocdohn jahhkjts ot ta Tc Ley, tfk
tapanrepfoj fkert ai Fkcsohmo. Fkrk,
wotfoh tfos ohtkrtwohohn, cok iacdkd
pcehks, heturec conft, ehd sockht spejks
iar dospceyohn warms ai ert.
Tfk iacdkd pcehks tfet jrketk
avkrceppohn pkrspkjtovks oh tfk ohtkroar
erk ehjfarkd oh tfk nkagktry ai tfk joty
ehd surrauhdohn cehdsjepk. Fawkvkr,
tfk rksuctohn iarg ehd quecoty ai tfksk
pcehks os dkrovkd dorkjtcy irag Faccs
dksork ta kxprkss tfk gavkgkht ai tfk
lady tfraunf tfk spejk. Tfk iacdkd
pcehks jrketk guctopck vehosfohn paohts,
apkhohn e jahdotoah ai spetoec pereccex
gkehohn, eh kvkr-jfehnohn spejk leskd
ah tfk ladys rkcetoah ta tfk tfohns
erauhd ot ehd tfk jahsteht icux ai conft
netfkrkd ly tfask tfohns. Tfus Facc
drews irag Gkrckeu-Rahtys lkcoki tfet
tfk lady ejts es eh ohtkriejk ta tfk warcd
es wkcc es Fkodknnkrs hatoah tfet tfohns
netfkr tfk warcd.
Ion.6
Zockht spejk, es Facc ehd jacckenuk
@ufeho Reccesgee rkikr ta ot, os jrketkd
wotfoh tfk guskug ly kcogohetohn tfk
ohtkrgkdoetk sjeck ai tfk luocdohn, tfus
eccawohn tfk warm otskci ta iocc tfet vaod.
Iar kxegpck, jacughs, gacdohns, ehd
wohdaw apkhohns erk hat ertojucetkd oh
ievar ai hkutrec wecc gessks. Tfk
erjfotkjturk os kxprksskd tfraunf dkteocs
sujf es tfk twost ai e daar fehdck, tfk
kdnk ai e steor, ehd tfk kxpaskd
tfojmhkss ai e scel ai ncess, eccawohn tfk
lady ehd ots dorkjt jahhkjtoah ta ots
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surrauhdohns lkjagk ai progery
ogpartehjk. Fkhjk, wotfoh Faccs
pfkhagkhacanojec eppraejf, tfk
iuhjtoah ai tfk spejk os teocarkd ta tfk
kxpkrokhjk ai lkohn oh tfet spejk.
Eneoh, ot os kvodkht fkrk tfet Facc drews
irag Gkrckeu-Rahtys ehd Lkrnsahs
lkcoki tfet tfk ejtoah ai tfk lady os tfk
iregkwarm iar jahjkptuec uhdkrstehdohn
ai tfk tfohns erauhd us.
Cauos O. Mefh
Tfk erjfotkjturk ai Cauos Mefh
(5?25-5?>4) ecsa skkms ta kxpcark tfk
ohtkrrkcetoahsfop ai pkrsah ehd warcd
spkjoiojeccy oh faw ahk khnenks luocdohn
ehd faw e luocdohn khnenks sotk. Tfk
Zecm Ohstotutk iar Loacanojec Ztudoks oh
Ce @acce, Jecoiarhoe kxkgpcoioks Mefhs
erjfotkjturk ai pfkhagkhacany. Mefh
waucd esm fogskci, ^fet daks tfk
luocdohn weht ta lk. Tfus, ectfaunf fk
dod hat spkem dorkjtcy ai
pfkhagkhacany, ot os kvodkht tfet fk
tfaunft wotfoh tfk iregkwarm ai eh
kxpkrokhtoec gktfad, ahk ai jahhkjtoah
lktwkkh sotk, luocdohn, ehd lady.
^fkh ahk iorst eppraejfks tfk
ohtkroar jaurtyerd, wfet Mefh rkikrs ta
essockhjkoh erjfotkjturk, e tkrg eppcokd
sogocercy ly Facc, lkjagks prkskht. Fk
paktojeccy stetks, Zockhjk ta conft,
gkehohn tfk dksork ta kxprkss ehd
kxpceoh tfraunf luocdohn lrohns
passolocotoks ohta prkskhjk. Tfk sogpck,
rkcetovkcy uhedarhkd gess ai tfk
icehmohn celaretaroks eccaws sujf tfohns
es fugeh ejtovoty ehd ohtkrejtoah ta
spkem wotfoh tfk spejk. \kjeccohn
Fkodknnkrs hatoah ai netfkrohn, tfk
vkrtojec luocdohn gessks, farozahtec icaar
pcehk, ehd smy elavk iregk ahks
jahhkjtoah ta tfk cehdsjepk lkyahd.
Tfos jahhkjtoah os temkh e stkp iurtfkr oh
Faccs rkedohn ai tfk spejk= Tfkrk os e
togk ai dey wfkh tfk suh, rkickjtohn ah
tfk ajkeh, gkrnks wotf conft rkickjtohn
ah tfk rovuckt ai wetkr Ajkeh ehd
jaurtyerd erk iuskd ly ]tfosW
pfkhagkhah Erjfotkjturk ehd heturk
erk `aohkd oh e gktepfysojs ai pcejk.
Ion. ?
Es ahk gavks tfraunf tfk pceze
tawerd tfk farozah, tfk pceze kxtkhds
dawhwerd tfraunf e skroks ai stkps ehd
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Mefh lkcokvkd oh rkvkecohn faw e
luocdohn ehd ots getkroecs wkrk iargkd.
Tfos jahjkpt rkickjts Gkrckeu-Rahtys
ehd Lkrnsahs lkcoki oh tfk
ohtkrjahhkjtkd rkcetoahsfop ai
mhawckdnk lktwkkh tfk lady ehd tfk
warcd. Ot os ecsa kvodkht tfet
Fkodknnkrs tfaunfts ah cehnuenk ehd
paktry skkp ohta Mefhs gktfad, kvkh oi
hat kxpcojotcy. Tfraunf rkedohn Mefhs
paktry ehd herretovks, ahk jeh skk tfk
ohicukhjk ai cehnuenk ah fos dksonhs ehd
tfk jahhkjtoah ta Fkodknnkrs hatoah ai
lkohn-tfkrk retfkr tfeh lkohn-tfus. Tfk
kgkrnkhjk ai ksskhjk os epperkht oh sujf
wrotohns es tfos0
wetkr ieccs ta pfysojeccy jahhkjt ta tfk
cehdsjepk. Tfk netfkrohn ai tfk warcd,
tfraunf tfk luocdohn, ohta lkohn os
kvodkht.
Oh tfk segk wey, Mefh lrohns conft
ohta tfk jaurtyerd ehd ohtkrstotoec spejks
lktwkkh tfk aiiojks ehd celaretaroks ta
netfkr tfk warcd, ta rkvkec tfk iarg ehd
getkroecoty oh heturec conft sa tfet ahk
jeh lknoh ta dorkjtcy jahhkjt ta tfk
warcd. Tfraunf sfedaw, tfk prajkss ai
jrketohn tfk iarg os rkvkeckd es wkcc.
Iar kxegpck, tfk pettkrh jrketkd ly tfk
iargwarm ai tfk jahjrktk os ejjkhtuetkd
ehd tfk toks erk ckit oh pcejk ta spkem ai
tfk gktfad tfraunf wfojf ot wes
jahstrujtkd.
Zockhjk ta Conft
Conft ta Zockhjk
Tfk tfrksfacd ai tfkor jrassohn
os tfk Zohnuceroty
os Ohsporetoah
(^fkrk tfk dksork ta kxprkss gkkts
tfk passolck)
os tfk Zehjtuery ai Ert
os tfk Trkesury ai tfk Zfedaws
(Getkroec jests sfedaws sfedaws
lkcahn ta conft)
Ion. 52
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DKZONH GKTFADACAN_
Oh ardkr iar fugehs ta dwkcc, ehd
tfkrkiark kxpkrokhjk jahjrktk
pfkhagkhe ehd pcejk, erjfotkjturk gust
eccaw tfk lady ta kxpkrokhjk ehd khnenk
tfk tfohnhkss ai tfk luoct iarg tfet
surrauhds ot. Oh tfos skhsk, tfk luocdohn
gust khnenk tfk sotk oh ardkr ta gemk tfk
sotk prkskht ta tfk lady= ot gust
pfysojeccy ehd gktepfysojeccy kxpceoh
ehd rkickjt tfk jahjkpt ai sotk. Tfk
luocdohn gust netfkr tfk gkehohn ai e
spkjoioj sotuetoah.
Es Facc ejjagpcosfkd oh fos
wetkrjacar smktjfks ehd gktepfaroj
ehjfarohn ehd Mefh oh fos paktoj
rkedohns ehd study ai getkroec, ahk gust
errovk et tfk ksskhjk ai tfk sotk ehd
pranreg ta jrketk e jahjkpt. Gktepfar
ehd cehnuenk lkjagk hkjkssery taacs iar
iohdohn tfos ksskhjk. Tfus, tfk ksskhjk
ai e warm ai erjfotkjturk os eh arnehoj
cohm lktwkkh jahjkpt ehd iarg.
Tfk ahtacanojec herretovk ar pakg
tfkh lkjagks e `ugpohn aii paoht irag
wfojf ta dosjavkr uhdkrcyohn
jaggahecotoks tfet germ tfk ksskhtoec
jark ai tfk pfkhagkhah. Oh atfkr
wards, tfk pfkhagkhacanost pkrjkovks
spkjoioj ohstehjks ai tfk pfkhagkhah
tfet os sotk wotf tfk fapk tfet tfksk
ohstehjks, oh togk, wocc paoht tawerd
gark nkhkrec quecotoks ehd
jferejtkrostojs tfet ejjuretkcy dksjrolk
tfk ksskhtoec heturk ai tfk pcejk ehd aur
rkcetoahsfop ta ot= gkehohn, ots prkskhjk
ehd sonhoiojehjk oh tfk jahjrktk covks ehd
kxpkrokhjks ai fugehs.
Ta lknoh e pfkhagkhacanojec
eppraejf, ahk gust put ohta cehnuenk
wfet fk ar sfk netfkrs irag tfk warcd.
Gkehohn, tfk ksskhjk ai tfk jahjrktk
pfkhagkhe tfet surrauhds us ehd
pkhktretks us gust lk dkjopfkrkd. Ahk
puts ohta cehnuenk tfos netfkrohn ly
rkcyohn ah pkrjkptoah, aur ladys
khnenkgkht ehd mhawckdnk ai tfk tfohns
tfet erk prkskhtkd ta us, ehd pest
kxpkrokhjk ar gkgary. Es kxkgpcoiokd
oh Mefhs prajkss, ly esmohn ahks skci0
wfet daks tfk sotk tkcc gk elaut wfet os
tfkrk ar wfet wes tfkrk, wfet daks tfk
luocdohn weht ta lk, faw da O weht tfk
lady ta kxpkrokhjk ehd khnenk tfk
spejk= cehnuenk wocc lknoh ta prkskht
otskci.
Irag tfos paoht, cehnuenk gust lknoh
ta ohiarg tfk kxpkrokhjk ai kejf spejk
wotfoh tfk pranreg ai tfk luocdohn ehd
jahtkxt ai tfk sotk. Tfet os ta sey tfet tfk
kxpkrokhtoec quecoty ai kejf spejk tfet os
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ta lk, ehd tfk ogpckgkhtetoah ai tfk
jahjkpt ohta smktjfks, gadkcs, peohtohns,
ktj. gust nraw aut ai ahks pkrjkptoah ai
fos ar fkr rkcetoahsfop ta tfk sotk.
Iar kxegpck, tfk kxpcaretoah ai
getkroecs wotfoh gadkcohn ehd atfkr
gktfads rkprkskhtohn wfet os ogenohkd
es wkcc es getkroecs tfet waucd ejtueccy
lk uskd sfaucd fkcp kxpceoh ar netfkr tfk
ohtkhdkd kxpkrokhtoec quecoty ai tfk
spejk. Jacar, tkxturk, sjeck, ktj. sfaucd
lk jahsodkrkd es e gkehs ai kxprkssohn
ar iucioccohn tfk dksorkd kxpkrokhjk.
Tfos gktfadacany dkhoks sujf
skkgohncy elstrejt gktfads ai
ohvkstonetoah ar iargec ohicukhjk es
nkagktry es eppcokd wotfoh
dkjahstrujtoah. Fawkvkr, tfet os hat ta
sey tfet nkagktry, iar kxegpck, jehhat
lk uskd es e gktfad ai ohquory ecc
tanktfkr. \etfkr, nkagktroj eppraejfks
gey lk tfk rksuct ai sujf ohquoroks ohta
fostaroj ar jucturec ohicukhjks tfet gey
cked ta kxpkrokhtoec pfkhagkhe wotf e
naec ai gktepfysojeccy kxpceohohn e sotk.
E pfkhagkhacanojec dksonh
gktfadacany nrauhdkd wotfoh
Fkodknnkrs odkec ai eh ohtkrrkcetkd
pkrsah-warcd rkcetoahsfop ehd Gkrckeu-
Rahtys hatoah ai lady kstelcosfks tfk
passolocoty ai jrketohn erjfotkjturk ai
gkehohn. Tfraunf tfos gktfadacany,
erjfotkjturk wocc lk elaut kxpkrokhjk ehd
wocc khelck fugehs ta dwkcc oh pcejks
tfet jagprosk kxostkhtoec spejk, spejk
tfet qukhjfks aur dksork iar arokhtetoah
ehd odkhtoiojetoah, ehd luoct iarg tfet
kxprkssks aur lkohn-oh-tfk-warcd.
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EDDKHD[G
Es O lkneh tfohmohn elaut wfojf sotk
O sfaucd jfaask ta kxpcark tfos odke ar
gktfad ai dksonhohn tfraunf e
pfkhagkhacanojec ckhs, tfk jrotkroe O
dosjavkrkd ta lk hkjkssery wes ejtueccy
quotk cogotkd. Oh atfkr wards, ehy sotk
tfet O jfask ohfkrkhtcy fed gkehohn,
fostary, ehd eh ksskhjk tfet jaucd lk
kxpcarkd ehd uctogetkcy dosjavkrkd.
Tfkrkiark, O iauhd ot ogparteht ta jfaask
e sotk tfet iorst ehd iarkgast jaucd lk
kesocy ejjkssolck ah e deocy ehd honftcy
lesos= e sotk tfet wes rkcetovkcy lerk oh
tfk skhsk ai prk-kxostohn strujturks sa es
hat ta fevk gy ohtkhtoahs gosdorkjtkd
tawerd e dosjussoah ai rkhavetoah ar rk-
felotetoah= ehd ioheccy e sotk tfet skkgkd
ta lk cejmohn sagktfohn, kvkh oi O dodht
mhaw wfet tfet wes wfkh O iorst lkneh
gy ohvkstonetoah.
Afoa \ovkr. Gt. Edegs jahsosts ai
stkkp, wohdohn strkkts, queoht lautoquks,
ert starks, rksteurehts, lers, germkt-retk
fausohn, ehd fonf-projkd sohnck-iegocy
fagks, raw fausks, ehd jahdagohougs.
Tfk Johjohheto hkonflarfaad os e vkry
papucer cajec ettrejtoah ehd dkstohetoah
iar sfappohn ehd honftcoik. Gt. Edegs
os ecsa e fat spat duk ta ots ed`ejkhjy ta
Kdkh Rerm, e wkcc-uskd pulcoj spejk
fagk ta tfk Rceyfausk oh tfk Rerm, tfk
Johjohheto Ert Guskug, ehd tfk Mrafh
Jahskrvetary.
Tfk sotk tfet O jfask iar tfk purpask
ai kxpcarohn erjfotkjturec
pfkhagkhacany ehd tfk pkrsah-pcejk
rkcetoahsfop os sotuetkd lktwkkh Kestkrh
Evkhuk ehd Jacugloe Rermwey oh
Johjohheto, Afoa. Tfk sotk os aitkh
rkikrrkd ta es Edegs Cehdohn lkjeusk ai
ots cajetoah et tfk lesk ai Gt. Edegs= eh
eiicukht hkonflarfaad avkrcaamohn tfk
Jkhtrec Lusohkss Dostrojt (JLD) ehd tfk
Tfk Afoa \ovkr, e Johjohheto
jkhtkrpokjk ai jaggkrjoec trehspartetoah
ehd pulcoj rkjrketoah, ruhs ecahn tfk
sautf ai tfk sotk. Lktwkkh tfk sautfwkst
jarhkr ai gy sotk ehd tfk sfark ai tfk
Afoa \ovkr coks Zewykr Raoht, e gock-
cahn cohker perm tfet iketurks ewerd
wohhohn cehdsjepohn, e pkriargehjk
pevocoah, gehy autdaar ejtovotoks sujf es
e jfocdrkhs pceynrauhd, tkhhos,
vacckylecc, eh ojk rohm oh tfk wohtkr
gahtfs, ehd e Johjohheto cehdgerm
rksteureht, tfk Gahtnagkry Ohh
Laetfausk. (Zkk Ion. 55 Kxostohn Zotk
Rceh)
Tfk erke mhawh es Edegs Cehdohn,
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Evk., >.; ejrks ai wfojf khjagpess gy
jfaskh sotk, fes kxpkrokhjkd gehy
dksonh otkretoahs iar guctoiegocy fausohn
detohn lejm ta tfk cetk 5?62s. Ahjk
scetkd ta lrohn avkr 5,222 uhots ta tfk
erke, ot os jurrkhtcy dksonhkd ta fausk
elaut 922 epertgkhts, jahdas, ehd tawh
fagks tfraunfaut tfk khtork sotk.
Tfk ge`ar icew O rkjanhozkd wotfoh
ecc ai tfk prkvoaus gestkr pcehs wes tfk
pkrpktuetoah ai tfk pravkrloec lrojm wecc
lktwkkh Gt. Edegs ehd tfk rovkr tfet
ecrkedy kxosts duk ta tfk ge`ar vkfojucer
ertkroks ai Jacugloe Rermwey ehd
Kestkrh Evkhuk. \etfkr tfeh usohn tfk
luocdohn pranreg ta hat ahcy jrketk e
pcejk iar pkrsahs ta dwkcc lut ecsa ta
jrketk e pkdkstroeh jahhkjtoah lktwkkh
twa wahdkriuc egkhotoks wotfoh tfk joty
ai Johjohheto, tfk prkvoaus dksonhs
jecckd iar e luocdohn pceh tfet osacetkd
tfk prapaskd uhots wotfoh tfk sotk ehd
iurtfkr skjcudkd Gt. Edegs irag tfk
rovkr. Tfos wes tfk tfohn tfet O ikct jaucd
hat lk onharkd.
Tfraunf kxtkhsovk sotk ohvkstonetoah
ot lkjegk epperkht tfet tfos jahhkjtoah
wes ta lk tfk iajec paoht ai tfk pranreg
ehd tfk dksonh. Tfk rkgeohohn pranreg
kckgkhts ohjcudk rkcetovkcy dkhsk
jcustkrs ai ahk, twa, ehd tfrkk lkdraag
jahdagohougs ehd epertgkhts, sgecc
jaggkrjoec ehd rkteoc spejks, suppartohn
permohn, ehd ohtkrwavkh pceze/nrkkh
spejk. Tfksk kckgkhts lkjegk tfk
iregkwarm oh wfojf ta jrketk tfos
pkdkstroeh jahhkjtoah es wkcc es tfk
gktepfysojec jahhkjtoah ar netfkrohn ai
tfk khvorahgkht ohta luocdohn.
Tfk khvorahgkht tfet lkneh ta sfaw
otskci tfraunf gy sotk ohvkstonetoahs wes
ahk ai skkgohncy appasohn kckgkhts. Ot
passksskd eh ejtovk, khkrnktoj skhsolocoty
lut ecsa e ikkcohn tfet dkgehdkd e pcejk
iar jecg rkickjtoah. Tfk sotk spamk es
latf eh ohtkrgkdoery pcejk es wkcc es e
dkstohetoah= e pcejk oh gatoah es wkcc es
e pcejk tfet jaucd stehd stocc. ^fet O ikct
tfk sotk wehtkd ta lk, es O dosjavkrkd
gark ehd gark elaut tfk khvorahgkht O
iauhd gyskci oh, wes e pcejk iar covohn, e
pcejk iar netfkrohn ahks dey tfraunf
Fkodknnkrs hatoah ai dwkccohn.
Tfk sotks kckvetoah jfehnk ai hkercy
522 vkrtojec ikkt irag Kestkrh Evkhuk ta
Jacugloe Rermwey jaucd hat lk
avkrcaamkd, latf prengetojeccy es wkcc
es gktepfysojeccy. Ta eddrkss tfos, tfk
rksodkhtoec luocdohns stkp lejm ah tfk
sautfkrh ieedk ta gogoj tfk scapk ai
tfk kertf lkcaw. Tfk hkjkssery
suppartohn permohn dkjms lkcaw tfk
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luocdohns ecsa stkp wotf tfk kxostohn
jahtaurs ta eccaw iar gohogec jut ehd
iocc ah tfk sotk. Tfos oh turh eiiards e
nreduec stkppohn tfraunf tfk apkh pcezes
lktwkkh kejf luocdohn, wfktfkr ot lk e
luoct-oh ferdsjepk wotf nrkkh raais,
sfeccaw paacs, ehd trkk pcehtkrs, ar
gauhdkd kertf ehd nress elavk tfk
nerenk lkcaw. Tfus, iregkd ly kejf
rksodkhts provetk dwkccohn, pulcoj spejk
os jrketkd iar gavkgkht ehd ohtkrejtoah.
(Zkk Ion.
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tfet os jervkd ohta tfk kxostohn nredk
lknohs. Tfk petf os sotuetkd oh tfk sodk
ai tfk focc sa es ta eccaw tfk nredk ta
gkkt tfk petf ehd lk eh kxtkhsoah ai ot et
jkrteoh cajetoahs. Irag tfk errovec paoht
et tfk lesk ai tfk lrodnk, e rk-jorjucetohn
wetkr iketurk jehtockvkrs avkr tfk petf,
draps ohta e sfeccaw paac tfet ahk jeh
kesocy taujf, ehd scodks dawh e cernk
rkteohohn wecc tfet daulcks es tfk lejm ai
e jahjrktk lkhjf. Tfos sketohn erke
eccaws iar tfask trevkrsohn tfk wohdohn
petf e pcejk ta rkst ehd temk oh tfk
iregkd vokw ai tfk rovkr ehd pceze wfock
tfk jesjedohn wetkr drawhs aut tfk
sauhd ai tfk treiioj elavk. (Zkk Ion. :5
Foccsodk irag Zteor Cehdohn)
^fkh ahk errovks pfysojeccy wotfoh
tfk luocdohns iregk, tfk ohdojetoah ai
tfk sotks scapk stocc kxosts lut oh e gujf
doiikrkht wey. Oh tfk kxostohn sotk, tfk
scapk lkneh ta icettkh aut sconftcy fkrk.
Oh tfk prapaskd strujturk, e stkppkd
permohn nerenk kxosts lkcaw nredk. ^otf
tfk hkjkssoty ai permohn ta dkec wotf, ehd
ykt stocc wehtohn ta gogoj tfk kxostohn
sotk jahdotoahs, Ovk jrketkd gucto-
ckvkckd, trkk-cohkd tkrrejks tfet hat ahcy
jahtohuk ta wohd pkrsahs tfraunf tfk sotk
lut ecsa jrketk hugkraus sketohn, pcey,
ehd gkktohn spejks. Tfk nrauhd ckvkc
uhots, iregkd ly tfk jehtockvkrkd
wecmweys ai tfk uhots elavk, khtkr
dorkjtcy aii ai tfksk stkppkd pcezes,
eneoh jrketohn e vkry tehnolck jahhkjtoah
lktwkkh skgo-pulcoj ehd pulcoj spejk.
Irag tfksk pcezes ehd pkdkstroeh
wecmweys tfk rovkr os ecweys iregkd ehd
ecweys oh sotk. (Zkk Ion. :< Rceze ehd
\ovkr irag ^ecmwey)
Tfk ckvkc lkcaw tfk rksodkhtoec uhots
fausks sgecc jaggkrjoec spejk. (Zkk
Ion. 5: Ckvkc ;54 Jaggkrjoec)
Tfos eccaws iar strkkt vosolocoty iar ehy
patkhtoec jaggkrjoec uskrs es wkcc es
pusfks tfk dwkccohn uhots up ehatfkr
ckvkc elavk tfk strkkt ta novk ecc uhots e
vokw ai tfk rovkr ehd Mkhtujmy foccsodk
lkyahd. Et tfos ckvkc ahk jeh kotfkr
wecm dawh e nkhtcy jurvohn steor ta tfk
rkteoc icaar lkcaw (Zkk Ion. Ion. 5<
Ckvkc ;22 \kteoc) ar jahtohuk ejrass e
pkdkstroeh lrodnk tfet jerroks pkrsahs
ejrass Kestkrh Evk. (Zkk Ion.
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fes guctopck jurvks oh pceh ehd e cernk
jehapy ta eddrkss tfk gavohn strkkt
treiioj es wkcc es jrketk guctopck sonft
cohks iar ehy patkhtoec tkhehts ai tfk
spejk. Tfk pceze lktwkkh tfk rkteoc ehd
tfk strkkt os kckvetkd elaut iovk ikkt wotf
e skroks ai rkteohohn weccs, trkks, stkps,
ehd regps iar ejjkss irag pkdkstroeh
treiioj ehd strkkt permohn ecahn Kestkrh
ta jrketk e jagiartelck luiikr irag tfk
spkkd ai tfk treiioj lkcaw. (Zkk Ion. 5>.
Lejfkcerd, Nestah. Raktojs ai Zpejk (kxtrejt). Oh\ktfohmohn Erjfotkjturk0 E \kedkroh Jucturec Tfkary, kdotkd ly Hkoc Ckejf. Cahdah, Hkw _arm0 \autckdnk, 5??>.
Lkrnsah, Fkhro.Gettkr ehd Gkgary,trehscetkd ly H. G. Reuc ehd ^. Z. Recgkr.
Jeglrodnk, Gessejfusktts0 GOT Rrkss, 5?66.
Nkaiirky Lraedlkht, Tfk Rfocasapfy ai Dkjahstrujtoah, ohDkjahstrujtoah= E Ztudkht
Nuodk, kdotkd ly @arnk Ncuslkrn. Cahdah0 Ejedkgy Kdotoahs, 5??5.
Jesky, Kdwerd. Nkttohn Lejm Ohta Rcejk0 Tawerd e \khkwkd [hdkrstehdohn ai tfk
Rcejk-^arcd.Lcaagohntah, OH0 Ohdoehe [hovkrsoty Rrkss, 5??:.
Jcohk, Ehh.E Fut ai Ahk's Awh. Jeglrodnk, Gessejfusktts0 GOT Rrkss, 5??6.
Davky, M. Ruttohn Nkagktry Oh Ots Rcejk0 Tawerd e Rfkhagkhacany ai tfk Dksonh
Rrajkss. OhDwkccohn Zkkohn ehd Dksonhohn0 Tawerd e Rfkhagkhacanojec
Kjacany,kdotkd ly D. Zkegah. Eclehy, Hkw _arm0 Z[H_ Rrkss, 5??:.
Koskhgeh, Rktkr. Doenreg Doeroks.Hkw _arm, Hkw _arm0 [hovkrsk Rulcosfohn, 5???.
Nedegkr, Fehs-Nkarn. Tfk Ahtacanojec Iauhdetoah ai tfk Ajjesoahec ehd tfk
Dkjaretovk. Oh\ktfohmohn Erjfotkjturk0 E \kedkr oh Jucturec Tfkary, kdotkdly Hkoc Ckejf. Cahdah, Hkw _arm0 \autckdnk, 5??>.
Necaiera, Cuje.Donotec Koskhgeh0 Eh Aiiojk ai tfk Kckjtrahoj Kre.Lastah,
Gessejfusktts0 Lormfeuskr, 5???.
Nest, Mceus-Rktkr.Cauos O. Mefh0 Tfk Odke ai Ardkr.Lastah, Gessejfusktts0
Lormfeuskr, 5??6.
Nutkhsjfwenkr, Nkrecd. Erjfotkjturk oh e Jfehnohn ^arcd0 Tfk Hkw \fktaroj aiIarg,@aurhec ai Erjfotkjturec Kdujetoah (5??9)0 5.
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Fkodknnkr, Gertoh. Tfk Enk ai tfk ^arcd Rojturk. oh Tfk Uukstoah Jahjkrhohn
Tkjfhacany ehd Atfkr Ksseys, Hkw _arm0 Ferpkr, 5?>>.
Foccgeh, @egks, Ertfur Krojmsah, ehd ^occoeg F. ^fytk. Tfk Joty es Dwkccohn0
^ecmohn, Zottohn, Zfepohn. Decces, Tkxes0 Tfk Decces Ohstotutk Rulcojetoahs, 5?6:.
Foccgeh, @egks.Ehoge Guhdo0 Tfk \kturh ai tfk Zauc ta tfk ^arcd. Decces, TV0Zprohn Rulcojetoahs, 5?66.
Foccgeh, @egks.\k-vosoahohn Rsyjfacany. Hkw _arm0 Ferpkr & \aw, 5?>;.
Foccgeh, @egks. Tfk Zaucs Jadk0 Oh Zkerjf ai Jferejtkr ehd Jeccohn.Hkw _arm, H_0
Lehteg Laams, 5??9.
Foss, Tahy. Tfk Kxpkrokhjk ai Rcejk. Hkw _arm0 Ecirkd E. Mhapi, Ohj., 5??2.
Facc, Ztkvkh, @ufeho Reccesgee, ehd Eclkrta Rkrkz-Nagkz. Uukstoahs ai Rkrjkptoah0Rfkhagkhacany ai Erjfotkjturk. Oh Erjfotkjturk ehd [rlehosg, @ucy 5??4.
Tamya, @epeh0 E+[ Rulcosfkrs, 5??4.
Facc, Ztkvkh.Ehjfarohn.Rrohjktah, [email protected] Rrohjktah Erjfotkjturec Rrkss, 5??5.
Facc, Ztkvkh.Ohtkrtwohohn.Rrohjktah, [email protected] Rrohjktah Erjfotkjturec Rrkss, 5??9.
Facc, Ztkvkh.Moesge, ^armohn Rrajkss. Hkw _arm0 Erjfotkjturec Ckenuk ai Hkw _arm,
5??;.
Facc, Ztkvkh.Rereccex.Rrohjktah, [email protected] Rrohjktah Erjfotkjturec Rrkss, ;.
Ckiklvrk, Fkhro. Tfk Rradujtoah ai Zpejk (kxtrejts). Oh\ktfohmohn Erjfotkjturk0 E
\kedkr oh Jucturec Tfkary, kdotkd ly Hkoc Ckejf. Cahdah, Hkw _arm0
\autckdnk, 5??>.
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Coh, Geye. Geye Coh0 E Ztrahn Jcker Yosoah. Rradujkd ly Irkode Ckk Gajm ehd Tkrry
Zehdkrs. Dorkjtkd ly Irkode Ckk Gajm. ?6 goh. Egkrojeh Iocg Iauhdetoah,5??4. Yodkajesskttk.
Gkrckeu-Rahty, Geurojk.Rfkhagkhacany ai Rkrjkptoah,trehscetkd ly Jacoh Zgotf,
Cahdah0 \autckdnk ehd M. Reuc= Hkw _arm0 Fugehotoks Rrkss, 5?9
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Zjfhkkmcatf, Cyhde F. ehd \alkrt N. Zfolcky. Ogpcejohn Erjfotkjturk ohta tfkRrejtojk ai Rcejkgemohn,@aurhec ai Erjfotkjturec Kdujetoah (6.
Zkegah, Devod, kdotar.Dwkccohn, Zkkohn, ehd Dksonhohn0 Tawerd e Rfkhagkhacanojec
Kjacany. Eclehy0 Ztetk [hovkrsoty ai Hkw _arm Rrkss, 5??:.
Zpoknkclkrn, Fkrlkrt. Tfk Rfkhagkhacanojec Gavkgkht. Dardrkjft, tfk Hktfkrcehds0
Gertohus Ho`faii, 5?6
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