JURIX 2005 – 18JURIX 2005 – 18thth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information SystemsBruxelles, December 8, 2005Bruxelles, December 8, 2005
JURIX 2005 – 18JURIX 2005 – 18thth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information SystemsBruxelles, December 8, 2005Bruxelles, December 8, 2005
Istituto di Teoria e Tecniche dell'Informazione Giuridica
CNR
Istituto di Teoria e Tecniche dell'Informazione Giuridica
CNR
Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Automatic Translation from Textual Automatic Translation from Textual Representations of Laws to Formal Models Representations of Laws to Formal Models
through UMLthrough UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Automatic Translation from Textual Representations of Laws to Formal Models Representations of Laws to Formal Models
through UMLthrough UML
Pietro MercataliPietro MercataliFrancesco RomanoFrancesco Romano
Pietro MercataliPietro MercataliFrancesco RomanoFrancesco Romano
ITTIG-CNRITTIG-CNR{ mercatali, romano }@ittig.cnr.it{ mercatali, romano }@ittig.cnr.it
ITTIG-CNRITTIG-CNR{ mercatali, romano }@ittig.cnr.it{ mercatali, romano }@ittig.cnr.it
Luciano BoschiLuciano BoschiEmilio SpinicciEmilio Spinicci Luciano BoschiLuciano BoschiEmilio SpinicciEmilio Spinicci
DSIDSI{ boschi, spinicci }@dsi.unifi.it{ boschi, spinicci }@dsi.unifi.it
DSIDSI{ boschi, spinicci }@dsi.unifi.it{ boschi, spinicci }@dsi.unifi.it
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 2222
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline
Introduction
Information Extraction&Modelling of Express Textual Amendments using UML
UML Modelling of the contents of a legislative text and of the applied amendments;
LexLooter plug-in Tool functionalities: UML instantiation, generation of
coordinated text; Application example;
Conclusions and future perspectives
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 3333
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
IntroductionIntroduction Motivations:
Legislative text contents liable to Express Textual Amendments (ETAs) may present intelligibility problems
Support for recognition and validation can be achieved using
● NLP and IE tools&techniques (XML markup);● Formal representation of legislative contents (UML);● Automatic generation of the coordinated text;
Goal: Implementing a suitable software tool for automatic
processing a legislative text prone to several ETAs● LexLooter;
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 4444
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline
Introduction
Information Extraction&Modelling of Express Textual Amendments using UML
LexLooter plug-in
Conclusions and future perspectives
Introduction
Information Extraction&Modelling of Express Textual Amendments using UML
LexLooter plug-in
Conclusions and future perspectives
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 5555
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Express Textual AmendmentExpress Textual Amendment((NovellaNovella))
Kind of normative nexus, where an active disposition affects the passive one, by modifying its text;
Coordinated(Enforced)
Text
ExpressTextual
Amendment
RootLaw
repealinsertion
substitution
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 6666
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
2. La presente legge e' finalizzata all'applicazione dei principi di efficienza e di trasparenza nei procedimenti amministrativi, al perseguimento contestuale del servizio al singolo cittadino e della tutela degli interessi pubblici e collettivi.
ETA exampleETA example Regional Statute 43/2003, article 1, comma 1 (ETA)
Regional Statute 52/1999, article 1, comma 2 (Root Law)
1. In article 1, comma 2, of Regional Statute October 14, 1999, n. 52 (Norme sulle concessioni, le autorizzazioni e le denunce d'inizio delle attivita' edilizie [...]), after the words "procedimenti amministrativi," are inserted the following: "al soddisfacimento dei bisogni sociali ed".
1. In article 1, comma 2, of Regional Statute October 14, 1999, n. 52 (Norme sulle concessioni, le autorizzazioni e le denunce d'inizio delle attivita' edilizie [...]), after the words "procedimenti amministrativi," are inserted the following: "al soddisfacimento dei bisogni sociali ed".
1. In article 1, comma 2, of Regional Statute October 14, 1999, n. 52 (Norme sulle concessioni, le autorizzazioni e le denunce d'inizio delle attivita' edilizie [...]), after the words "procedimenti amministrativi," are inserted the following: "al soddisfacimento dei bisogni sociali ed".
1. In article 1, comma 2, of Regional Statute October 14, 1999, n. 52 (Norme sulle concessioni, le autorizzazioni e le denunce d'inizio delle attivita' edilizie [...]), after the words "procedimenti amministrativi," are inserted the following: "al soddisfacimento dei bisogni sociali ed".
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 7777
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
ETA exampleETA example Regional Statute 43/2003, article 1, comma 1 (ETA)
Regional Statute 52/1999, article 1, comma 2 (Root Law, modified)
2. La presente legge e' finalizzata all'applicazione dei principi di efficienza e di trasparenza nei procedimenti amministrativi, al soddisfacimento dei bisogni sociali ed al perseguimento contestuale del servizio al singolo cittadino e della tutela degli interessi pubblici e collettivi.
1. In article 1, comma 2, of Regional Statute October 14, 1999, n. 52 (Norme sulle concessioni, le autorizzazioni e le denunce d'inizio delle attivita' edilizie [...]), after the words "procedimenti amministrativi," are inserted the following: "al soddisfacimento dei bisogni sociali ed".
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 8888
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
UML ModellingUML ModellingUML ModellingUML Modelling
Modelling Legislative Acts A UML Class Diagram including:
● Structure of the Text;● Amendment Dispositions;
Instantiating Class Diagram for each legislative act Generating one Object Diagram (UML 2.0) for each
analysed act
Processing algorithms for: Search of partitions and amendment dispositions; ETA application to Root Models; Verification of instatiated structures;
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 9999
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Package NIR Law
type, number date...
Articles Partitions
Titolo Articolo Comma...
Text Elements Corpo Rubrica...
StructureStructure
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 10101010
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Associated to the partitions of the Novella
RepealsInsertions Substitutions
Text strings or entire partitions
References to Law partitions
ETAETA
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 11111111
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Change Class
Allow tracking of applied amendments
Included in: Legge (Law) Class Text Elements Partitions
Coordinated Coordinated modelmodel
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 12121212
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Adopted Adopted Information Extraction toolsInformation Extraction tools
Adopted Adopted Information Extraction toolsInformation Extraction tools
LexEdit XXI A tool by ITTIG and CELI s.r.l. for XML structural
marking and checking of a legislative text;
Sophia 2.1 A general-purpose FSA linguistic parser
developed by CELI s.r.l., used for automatic recognition and XML marking of ETAs;
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 13131313
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Document ProcessingDocument Processing
RootLaw
ETA
RootModel
XMLLEXXI
XMLLEXXI
XMLSophia
ETAModel
CoordinatedModel
StructureModel
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 14141414
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Model generationModel generation
Rootmodel
CoordinatedModel 1
ETAModel 2
CoordinatedModel 2
ETAModel 3
CoordinatedModel 3
... ... ...
T0
T1
T3
T2
ETAModel 1
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 15151515
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline
Introduction
Information Extraction&Modelling of Express Textual Amendments using UML
LexLooter plug-in
Conclusions and future perspectives
Introduction
Information Extraction&Modelling of Express Textual Amendments using UML
LexLooter plug-in
Conclusions and future perspectives
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 16161616
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
LexLooterLexLooterLexLooterLexLooter Main Features
Plug-in for Eclipse 3.0 framework; OO Design; Integrates UML2 Eclipse library;
Functionalities Implementation of the proposed methodology
● Parsing of XML documents produced by LexEdit XXI and Sophia 2.1
● Instatiating UML model of the analyzed act Verification of the applied amendments Generation of the Coordinated Text Analysis of the text currently in force
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 17171717
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
RootLaw
ETA
RootModel
LEXXIXML
LEXXIXML
SophiaXML
ETAModel
CoordinatedModel
StructureModel
Example of Coordinated ModelExample of Coordinated Model
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 18181818
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Coordinated Text Coordinated Text GenerationGeneration
Coordinated model is converted in HTML using XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language) Transformation;
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 19191919
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Coordinated Text Coordinated Text GenerationGeneration
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 20202020
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Text in force AnalysisText in force Analysis
RootModel
ETAModel 1
CoordinatedModel 1
ETAModel 2
CoordinatedModel 2
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 21212121
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Novella
Express Textual Amendments
Marked by Sophia Applied by LexLooter
Str. Repeal Str. Subst. Str. Ins. Str. Repeal Str. Subst. Str. Ins.
Part.Repeal Part. Subst. Part.Ins. Part.Repeal Part. Subst. Part.Ins.
L.R. 13/2002
8 8
0 2 0 0 2 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
L.R. 43/2003
34 31
0 7 4 0 7 2
7 13 3 7 13 2
Overall
42 39
0 9 4 0 9 2
9 15 5 9 15 4
LexLooter successfully applied 39 of 42 ETAs marked by Sophia (93%)
Application Example:Application Example:Tuscany Statute 52/1999Tuscany Statute 52/1999
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 22222222
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Unmodelled amendmentsUnmodelled amendments Presence of typing errors (2) prevent correct
matching with text extraction regex;
Missing structural XML markup of the text added by an amendment (1)
partition (e.g. a comma) replaced by more partitions (more commas);
text added by an amendment appears quoted in the novella and cannot be marked by LexEdit
Text normalisation currently implemented (blank removing, quotes reduction, …);
Regex refinement and better LexEdit integration will allow structural markup of added partitions;
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 23232323
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Unmarked amendments are also taken into account;
Sophia only marks “well formed” amendments according to modern drafting rules
LexLooter can estimate the number of unmarked amendments using suitable regex matching in the text outside Sophia markups
Suitable warnings notify the number of estimated unmarked amendments or incorrect marking, as well as of unmodelled elements
Unmarked AmendmentsUnmarked AmendmentsUnmarked AmendmentsUnmarked Amendments
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 24242424
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Next DevelopmentsNext DevelopmentsNext DevelopmentsNext Developments
Extending Sophia marking rules in order “bad formed” amendments to appear in the UML diagram;
Implementation of a verification algorithm to validate the modelled amendments
Correctness attributes in Change Class to be instantiated in case of “well formed” or “bad formed” amendments(to be notified with suitable warning messages)
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 25252525
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline
Introduction
Information Extraction&Modelling of Express Textual Amendments using UML
LexLooter plug-in
Conclusions and future perspectives
Introduction
Information Extraction&Modelling of Express Textual Amendments using UML
LexLooter plug-in
Conclusions and future perspectives
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 26262626
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
ConclusionsConclusions The LexLooter prototype has shown its potential
as a tool supporting the recognition of a legislative text liable to express textual amendments;
as a tool supporting the validation and verification of a legislative text;
Further improvements include: Definition of OCL structural constraints for the validation
of the structure of model, according to legislative drafting; UML Interaction
● Omondo EclipseUML / GMF
Experimentation on an extended corpus of legislative acts is also a priority.
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 27272727
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Future WorkFuture WorkFuture WorkFuture Work Interfacing with NirEditor
and adaptation of metadata (DTD NiR)
Evolution of the adopted UML model Inclusion of further structural and textual information
● Article differentiated being-in-force
Non-standard structures● Conditioned amendments
Extension of the methodology to other documentation
Administrative acts
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 28282828
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Open Issues (1)Open Issues (1)Open Issues (1)Open Issues (1)
As in other projects, the main goal of this work is to intercept the semantics of a text by adopting textual linguistic analysis techniques.
The textual linguistic postulates three main levels constituting the communicative act:
textual inter-textual extra-textual
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 29292929
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Open Issues (2)Open Issues (2)Open Issues (2)Open Issues (2)
We call it the “pre-situational and static model”
The model represents a text which does not take into account factual situations however which interacts in the determining (in continuous evolution) of the meaning of the text itself.
We link the “pre-situational model” to a “normativistic model” which represents the general and abstract legal rule.
Instead the “situational model”, is the model obtained after the positioning of the utterance in the factual situation.
We link the “situational model” to the “interpretative model”.
This model represents the interpreted norm.
In this work the implemented model is built within textual and inter-textual levels without considering the extra-
textual one.
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 30303030
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Open Issues (3)Open Issues (3)Open Issues (3)Open Issues (3)
We consider the first institute saturated within textual and inter-textual levels and the second one as a result of the interaction between textual, inter-textual and extra-textual levels.
● In Italian jurisprudence, the difference between enforcement and effectiveness is often exemplified by the war criminal code: in peace time the code is certainly enforced but not effective. The effectiveness will depend upon wartime declaration, but also from real situations not calculable by a representative model of the legislative system being extraneous to the system itself. The war criminal code considers, in fact, cases of “automatic” effectiveness (application) of war criminal law connected to some events, without the needs of a bill, order or other and, in particular, the war declaration which effects, for general rule, the application of the war criminal code (art. 3 c.p.m.g.)
On one hand, the enforcement is implemented by a model built only in the textual and inter-textual level, on the other, the effectiveness to be intercepted demands the covering of the extra-textual level.
In the following, we exemplify this through the difference between enforcement and effectiveness
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 31313131
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Open Issues (4)Open Issues (4)Open Issues (4)Open Issues (4) The building of the “situational/interpretative model” demands the
representation of events and the dynamic interaction between the events and the text.
We believe UML, a notation potentially able to represent also extra-textual level for the implementation of more efficient “interpretative models” for the evaluation of the normative product which can be adopted not only by the legislator, but also by lawyers who apply and interpret the law.
Modelling such events and situations needs different UML notations w.r.t. the static diagrams adopted to represent textual and inter-textual levels.
UML notations for the description of dynamic aspects (i.e. sequence, activity diagrams) should be adopted to model extra-textual level and its interaction with the text.
We hope that the proposed issue receives the critical attention from the computer/law community to be developed or demolished.
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 32323232
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Thank you for your attention!
JURIX 2005 – 18JURIX 2005 – 18thth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information SystemsBruxelles, December 8, 2005Bruxelles, December 8, 2005
JURIX 2005 – 18JURIX 2005 – 18thth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information SystemsBruxelles, December 8, 2005Bruxelles, December 8, 2005
Istituto di Teoria e Tecniche dell'Informazione Giuridica
CNR
Istituto di Teoria e Tecniche dell'Informazione Giuridica
CNR
Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Automatic Translation from Textual Automatic Translation from Textual Representations of Laws to Formal Models Representations of Laws to Formal Models
through UMLthrough UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Automatic Translation from Textual Representations of Laws to Formal Models Representations of Laws to Formal Models
through UMLthrough UML
Pietro MercataliPietro MercataliFrancesco Romano Francesco Romano
Pietro MercataliPietro MercataliFrancesco Romano Francesco Romano
ITTIG-CNRITTIG-CNR{ mercatali, romano }@ittig.cnr.it{ mercatali, romano }@ittig.cnr.it
ITTIG-CNRITTIG-CNR{ mercatali, romano }@ittig.cnr.it{ mercatali, romano }@ittig.cnr.it
Luciano BoschiLuciano BoschiEmilio Spinicci Emilio Spinicci Luciano BoschiLuciano BoschiEmilio Spinicci Emilio Spinicci
DSIDSI{ boschi, spinicci }@dsi.unifi.it{ boschi, spinicci }@dsi.unifi.it
DSIDSI{ boschi, spinicci }@dsi.unifi.it{ boschi, spinicci }@dsi.unifi.it
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 34343434
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Additional Slides
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 35353535
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
IntroductionIntroduction
Expertise of DSI and ITTIG
Experience on information extraction&modelling of technical documentation
● Patents, Software Requirements Specifications;
Experience in analysing legislative texts using structural and semantic information extraction techniques
● Structural XML marking: NormeInRete (NIR) project, NIR DTDs;
● Semantic analysis of Express Textual Amendments;
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 36363636
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Detection of Sophia unmarked or incorrectly marked amendments
Possible wrong tags Assessment of unmarked
amendments
Warnings Warnings after Sophia XML Analysisafter Sophia XML Analysis
Warnings Warnings after Sophia XML Analysisafter Sophia XML Analysis
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 37373737
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Modelling notificationsModelling notifications
Further warnings may be produced at the end of the UML modelling phase
typing errors missing structural markup of added text
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 38383838
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Unmodelled amendmentsUnmodelled amendments
Text “Normalisation” currently implemented: emphasized characters (è, é e') quotes (e.g.: “ ” '', ` ´ ' ) removing unnecessary XML tags for the generation of
the coordinated text(e.g.: references tag <rif…> […] </rif>)
blank removing
Next implementation: Refinement of regular expressions for text extraction Integration with LexEdit for the markup of added text
P. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. SpinicciP. Mercatali, F. RomanoL. Boschi, E. Spinicci 39393939
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Automatic Translation from Textual Representation of LawsAutomatic Translation from Textual Representation of Lawsto Formal Models through UMLto Formal Models through UML
Next DevelopmentsNext DevelopmentsNext DevelopmentsNext Developments
Example of coordinated model with verified amendment correctness: