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BAR 2009 Technician Update Training Course
Smog Check Failure Diagnostics
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Smog Check Failure Diagnostic Module
• Training Objectives–Relevance & Importance of Smog
Check Failure Diagnostics–Diagnostic Skills–Critical Thinking Skills
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Relevance & Importance of Smog Check Failure Diagnostics
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BAR Field Studies
• Quality Assurance• Gold Shield• Clean Car
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Smog Check Program Evaluation
• Program Evaluation – The ability of a vehicle to pass a smog
inspection after certification– BAR Roadside
• Smog Check Failure Rate is 40+% 6 months after “successful” smog check repairs– Based on Roadside Data
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BAR Technician Training Surveys
• Technicians– “What additional
training do you feel would have benefited you in your job performance? “
• #1 Response– Additional
Training in Step-by-Step Smog Check Failure Diagnostics
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BAR Technician Training Surveys
• Clean Air Car Course Instructors–57.1% responded that the time
spent on emission-related diagnostic procedures should be significantly increased
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Laws & Regulations• Health & Safety Code (H&S)
– 44016• California Code of Regulations (CC&R)
– 3340.41(d) – The specifications and procedures required by Section 44016 of the Health and Safety Code shall be the vehicle manufacturers recommended procedures for emission problem diagnosis and repair or the emission diagnosis and repair procedures found in industry-standard reference manuals and periodicals published by nationally recognized repair information providers. Smog check stations and smog check technicians shall, at a minimum, follow the applicable specifications and procedures when diagnosing defects or performing repairs for vehicles that fail a smog check test.
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Fuel Costs
• Most Smog Check failure repairs will positively influence a vehicle’s fuel economy, performance and durability
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Did You Know?• California’s current vehicle-dependent
lifestyle has led to a dramatic increase in health risks– California has more registered cars than any
other state– 95 percent of all Californians breathe in
dangerous levels of smog on a regular basis– Every year, more people die from air quality-
related health issues than car accidents
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Did You Know?• California’s current vehicle-dependent
lifestyle has led to a dramatic increase in health risks– 50 percent of all California’s motor vehicle
pollution is produced by only 10 - 15 percent of the state’s total number of cars driven
– A poorly maintained or malfunctioning vehicle can release as much as 10 times the emissions of a well maintained vehicle
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Summary
• BAR Field Studies + Smog Check Program Evaluations + Training Survey Responses + Laws & Regulations + Fuel Costs + Public Health =
• Opportunities to Improve Smog Check Repair Effectiveness
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2009 Update Training Diagnostic Module
• Diagnostic Skills–HC–CO–NOx
–OBD II
• Critical Thinking Skills– Diagnostic Data– Cohesive/Effective
Repair Strategy
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HC Diagnosis
HC Diagnosis(non-computer controlled vehicle)
Check ignition timing(base and advance as applicable.)
Verify engine integrity(relative compression, engine vacuum,
compression)
Ignition system analysis(firing lines, spark lines duration & slope)
Lean misfires(intake manifold leaks, defective vacuum
hoses or actuators)
Poor fuel vaporization(plugged intake manifold cross-over,combustion chamber quench areas)
Air injection reaction (AIR) system(switching, operating pressure)
Is the catalystoperating properly?
Timing light, magnetic timing, tachometer,base timing specifications and timing advance
specifications (if available)
Vacuum gauge / transducer diagnosis, relativecompression / cylinder balance test, dry
compression test
Secondary, primary ignition system oscilloscopeanalysis. Look at spark lines for evidence of leanmixtures / poor flame propogation (NOx failures).
Carburetor cleaner / propane, smoke machine,vacuum leak detector, lambda calculator,
secondary ignition
Spark line diagnosis, cylinder balance test, digitalpyrometer
AIR system operation description. Use 4/5 gasanalyzer and look for O2 drop with AIR supply hose
pinched off or disconnected
Manufacturer's test procedures, 4/5 gas analysis(high CO2, low O2), cranking CO2, snap O2,
temperature gain, intrusive
Tools and Techniques
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HC Feedback Diagnosis
(OBD I)
HC Diagnosis(computer controlled vehicle)
(OBD I)
Refer to "High HC Non-feedback"diagnostic flowchart
DTC's?
Follow manufacturer's or publisheddiagnostic / repair procedures for
hard codes
Discern between hard and soft codes
Test O2S with DSO
O2S in goodseviceable condition?
Map O2S signal with DSO
Timing; mechanical, electrical lean air/fuelmisfires, vaporization, AIR, catalyst
Scan tool, jumper wire, screwdriver,DTC pulling instructionis
Yes
Yes
Pull codes, record codes in the orderthey are displayed, erase codes,operate vehicle, pull hard codes
Scan tool, multimeter, DSO, DTC diagnosticflowcharts, diagnostic & repair information
Propane enrichment tool, DSOminimum voltage = 0 - 175mV
maximum = 800 - 1000mVrate of change = < 100 mS (175mV - 800 mV)
No
Upon repair of O2S circuit or replacement ofsensor, re-test O2S
High frequency signal = misfireSignal biased below 450 mV = lean mixtureSignal biased above 450 mV = rich mixture
No
Tools and Techniques
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CO Diagnosis
CO Diagnosis(non-computer controlled vehicle)
Check air intake system forrestrictions
Check for unmetered fuel enteringthe engine
Check carburetor operation
Check air injection systemoperation
Check catalyst(s) operation
Plugged / dirty air filter, improper choke operation,plugged PCV system, improper TAC operation
Improper EVAP purge operation, saturated EVAPcannister, fuel contaminated engine oil (> 500 ppm HC
after 5 minutes measured at the oil filler neck engine off)
Float level, choke operation, main metering, power valve,idle circuit
Use system description / operation to verify properswitching. Check operating pressure by pinching off
supply hose and verifying O2 drop in tailpipe emissions
After upstream repairs are complete, use manufacturer'sprocedures to test efficiency. Combinations of cranking CO2,
snap O2, HC efficiency, temperature gain are useful whenmanufacturer's procedures aren't available.
Tools and Techniques
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CO Feedback Diagnosis
(OBD I)Yes
CO Diagnosis(computer controlled vehicle)
(OBD I)
Review data stream (if available) orconfirm related sensor/output
performance. Test O2S with DSO.
Check for vehicle computer operation (isthe fuel metering system capable of beingartificially driven rich or lean, is the timing
being controlled? Perform manufacturer'srecommended system performance check)
Pull codes, record codes in theorder they are displayed, erase
codes, operate vehicle, pull hardcodes (OBD I)
Scan tool, multimeter, DCO,DTC diagnostic flowcharts,
diagnostic & repair information
DMM, DSO, propaneenrichment tool, break-out box
4/5 gas analyzer, timing light,sensor simulator
Refer to "High CO Non-Feedback"diagnostic flowchart
Air intake restriction, unmeteredfuel, carburetor, air injection,
catalyst operation
DTC's?
Discern between hard and soft codes
Follow manufacturer's or publisheddiagnostic / repair procedures for hard
codes
No
Scan tool, jumper wire,screwdriver, DTC pulling
instructions
Tools and Techniques
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NOx Diagnosis
NOx Diagnosis
Check ignition timing(base and advance as applicable.)
Check exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)system
(if equipped)
Check for lean air/fuel mixture
Check for excessive coolant and/orintake air temperature
Check for excessive combustionchamber pressure
Check for proper fuel octane rating
Check catalyst operation(vehicles equipped with a reduction catalyst only)
Timing light, magnetic timing,tachometer, base timingspecifications and timingadvance specifications (if
available)
Vacuum guage/pump,tachometer, scantool
Lambda calculator, gasanalyzer, biased O2S pattern,
fuel trim data, secondary ignitionpattern
Pyrometer, scantool,temperature probe,
thermometer
Compression guage,borescope, TSBs
Owner's manual, vehicle owner
Manufacturer's test procedures,4/5 gas analysis (high CO2, low
O2), cranking CO2, snap O2,temperature gain, intrusive
Tools and Techniques
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OBD IIOBD II Diagnostics
MIL illuminated?
Pull DTC's and record freezeframe data
Review pending DTC's,monitor status, mode 6 andmode 5 data, fuel trim and
misfire data
Perform a system performancecheck and/or a complete drive
cycle as per manufacturer'sinstructions
Check PCM for DTC's(pending or matured), reviewmode 6 and mode 5 data for
failed test results
Yes
NoFollow manufacturer's or
published diagnostic / repairprocedures for DTC's. Begin
with the DTC refered to infreeze frame data
Scan tool
Manufacturer's orpublished diagnostic& repair information
Scan tool
Scan tool, multimeter, DSO,DTC diagnostic flowcharts,
diagnostic & repairinformation
Scan tool, paper & pencil. Donot erase DTC's unless
instructed to do so by diagnostic/ repair procedures
MIL functional test(KOEO bulb check)
Tools and Techniques
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HC Diagnostics
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HC Diagnosis
HC Diagnosis(non-computer controlled vehicle)
Check ignition timing(base and advance as applicable.)
Verify engine integrity(relative compression, engine vacuum,
compression)
Ignition system analysis(firing lines, spark lines duration & slope)
Lean misfires(intake manifold leaks, defective vacuum
hoses or actuators)
Poor fuel vaporization(plugged intake manifold cross-over,combustion chamber quench areas)
Air injection reaction (AIR) system(switching, operating pressure)
Is the catalystoperating properly?
Timing light, magnetic timing, tachometer,base timing specifications and timing advance
specifications (if available)
Vacuum gauge / transducer diagnosis, relativecompression / cylinder balance test, dry
compression test
Secondary, primary ignition system oscilloscopeanalysis. Look at spark lines for evidence of leanmixtures / poor flame propogation (NOx failures).
Carburetor cleaner / propane, smoke machine,vacuum leak detector, lambda calculator,
secondary ignition
Spark line diagnosis, cylinder balance test, digitalpyrometer
AIR system operation description. Use 4/5 gasanalyzer and look for O2 drop with AIR supply hose
pinched off or disconnected
Manufacturer's test procedures, 4/5 gas analysis(high CO2, low O2), cranking CO2, snap O2,
temperature gain, intrusive
Tools and Techniques
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HC Diagnostics
• Base & Timing Advance – Where applicable
• Timing Light, Magnetic Timing Device, Tachometer, Timing Procedures & Specifications
Check ignition timing(base and advance as applicable.)
Timing light, magnetic timing, tachometer,base timing specifications and timing advance
specifications (if available)
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HC Diagnostics
• Vacuum Gauge / Vacuum Waveform• Relative Compression Test
– Cylinder Balance– Cranking Tests
• Compression Tests
Verify engine integrity(relative compression, engine vacuum,
compression)
Vacuum gauge / transducer diagnosis,relative compression / cylinder balance
test, dry compression test
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Vacuum Gauge Showing 18” @ Idle
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HC Diagnostics
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HC Diagnostics
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HC Diagnostics
• Secondary/Primary Ignition Waveform Analysis– Firing Line Amplitude – Firing Line – Spark Line Junction– Spark Line Duration & Slope– Coil / Condenser Oscillations– Ignition Switching
Ignition system analysis(firing lines, spark lines
duration & slope)
Secondary, primary ignition system oscilloscopeanalysis. Look at spark lines for evidence of leanmixtures / poor flame propogation (NOx failures).
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HC Diagnostics
• Secondary/Primary Ignition Waveform Analysis– Firing Line Amplitude – Firing Line – Spark Line Junction– Spark Line Duration & Slope– Coil / Condenser Oscillations– Ignition Switching
Ignition system analysis(firing lines, spark lines
duration & slope)
Secondary, primary ignition system oscilloscopeanalysis. Look at spark lines for evidence of leanmixtures / poor flame propogation (NOx failures).
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HC Diagnostics
• Visual Inspection• Vacuum Leak Detection• Smoke Machine• Lambda Calculator• Secondary Ignition Analysis
Lean misfires(intake manifold leaks, defective vacuum
hoses or actuators)
Carburetor cleaner / propane, smokemachine, vacuum leak detector, lambda
calculator, secondary ignition
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Lean Misfire Lambda Calculator Video Clip
Click Calculate to Start Demo
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HC Diagnostics
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HC Diagnostics
• Liquid Fuel Does Not Burn, Only Vaporized Fuel Burns
Poor fuel vaporization(plugged intake manifold cross-over,combustion chamber quench areas)
Spark line diagnosis, cylinderbalance test, digital pyrometer
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HC Diagnostics
• AIR Operation Description & Routing Diagram
• AIR Operating Pressure• 4/5 Gas Analyzer
Air injection reaction (AIR) system(switching, operating pressure)
AIR system operation description. Use 4/5 gasanalyzer and look for O2 drop with AIR supply
hose pinched off or disconnected
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HC Diagnostics
• Catalyst Operation & Efficiency is Dependent Upon Upstream Operation Under All Driving Conditions
Is the catalystoperating properly?
Manufacturer's test procedures, 4/5 gas analysis(high CO2, low O2), cranking CO2, snap O2,
temperature gain, intrusive
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HC Feedback Diagnosis
(OBD I)
HC Diagnosis(computer controlled vehicle)
(OBD I)
Refer to "High HC Non-feedback"diagnostic flowchart
DTC's?
Follow manufacturer's or publisheddiagnostic / repair procedures for
hard codes
Discern between hard and soft codes
Test O2S with DSO
O2S in goodseviceable condition?
Map O2S signal with DSO
Timing; mechanical, electrical lean air/fuelmisfires, vaporization, AIR, catalyst
Scan tool, jumper wire, screwdriver,DTC pulling instructionis
Yes
Yes
Pull codes, record codes in the orderthey are displayed, erase codes,operate vehicle, pull hard codes
Scan tool, multimeter, DSO, DTC diagnosticflowcharts, diagnostic & repair information
Propane enrichment tool, DSOminimum voltage = 0 - 175mV
maximum = 800 - 1000mVrate of change = < 100 mS (175mV - 800 mV)
No
Upon repair of O2S circuit or replacement ofsensor, re-test O2S
High frequency signal = misfireSignal biased below 450 mV = lean mixtureSignal biased above 450 mV = rich mixture
No
Tools and Techniques
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HC DiagnosticsOBD I
• HC Feedback Diagnosis Builds On To HC Non-Feedback Diagnosis
• Includes DTCs & O2S Performance and Signature
Refer to "High HC Non-feedback"diagnostic flowchart
Timing; mechanical, electrical lean air/fuel misfires, vaporization, AIR, catalyst
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HC DiagnosticsOBD I
DTC's?
Follow manufacturer's or publisheddiagnostic / repair procedures for
hard codes
Discern between hard and soft codes
Scan tool, jumper wire, screwdriver,DTC pulling instructionis
Yes
Pull codes, record codes in the orderthey are displayed, erase codes,operate vehicle, pull hard codes
Scan tool, multimeter, DSO, DTCdiagnostic flowcharts, diagnostic &
repair information
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HC DiagnosticsOBD I
• Oxygen Sensor Test– Light Off O2S– Artificially Manipulate Full Rich (propane)– Artificially Manipulate Full Lean– Snap Throttle
Test O2S with DSOPropane enrichment tool, DSOminimum voltage = 0 - 175mV
maximum = 800 - 1000mVrate of change = < 100 mS (175mV - 800 mV)
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HC DiagnosticsOBD I
• Passing Results– Minimum Voltage (Artificially Full Lean)
• 0V – 175mV
– Maximum Voltage (Artificially Full Rich)• 800mV – 1V
– Rise Time (Snap Throttle)• < / = 100mS (from 175mV – 800mV)
Test O2S with DSOPropane enrichment tool, DSOminimum voltage = 0 - 175mV
maximum = 800 - 1000mVrate of change = < 100 mS (175mV - 800 mV)
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Normal O2 Pattern
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Propane Enriched
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Enrichment Discontinued Snap Throttle
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RPM
O2S
STFT
IPW
TPS
MAF
Artificial Enrichment & Throttle SnapArtificial Enrichment & Throttle Snap
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Time Measurement
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1.67s
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Max to Min Voltage
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Rise Time
.175-.8v
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Start cursor higher than .175v
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Drop down to .175v
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Start below .800V
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Increase to 800mv
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Being off just a little can affect your results
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Error factor exists due to the 5ms “steps” of the cursors as they move
(+/- 4ms each)
final reading could vary by 8ms total
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8 graticules V
OLTA
GE
10 graticules
TIME
Some DSO’s have grid divisions called Graticules
GraticuleGraticule
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v per graticule
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500ms per graticule
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200mv X 500ms
graticule
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Each division= 50mV
Each division =100ms
This graticule is divided into 4 X 5 segments
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= 50mV
set lower cursor at 175mV
Measuring O2 voltage and rise time using cursors
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= 50mV
= 175mV
= 800 mV
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= 175mV
= 800 mV
Fail!Set time cursors to measure rise timeSet time cursors to measure rise time
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HC Diagnostics• HC Case Scenario• Instructor Lead Demonstration
– Engine Integrity Verification– Misfire Diagnosis
• Lab Exercises– Vehicle Information Datasheet
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Case Scenario
1995 Plymouth Neon
HC Failure
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’95 Neon HC Failure
ASM 2525Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMFail 88 0.05 14.5 6 0.5 1988
StandardsHC CO CO2 NO O2
Fail 59 0.55 774GP 233 2.05 1,770AVG 13 0.05 136
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’95 Neon HC Failure
• Failed for HC at 25/25• Technician Tested HO2S
– minimum voltage 104mV– maximum voltage 910mV– rise time 68mS
• Technician Tested Catalyst– CO2 Cranking Test
• HC 9327 ppm
• CO2 10.5 %
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’95 Neon HC Failure
• Based on this diagnostic information, the technician recommended replacing the catalyst to resolve the HC failure.
• What diagnostic steps could have been
performed to more thoroughly address the HC failure?
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Vehicle Information Data Sheet Vehicle Make: Model: Year: VIN #:
License #: # of Cylinders: Engine Size: Mileage: Date: RO #:
Pre-repair Baseline Emissions Results
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured 50/15 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
25/25 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Lambda Calculator:__________________________________________________________________________
Visual/Functional Inspection Use: P = Pass M = Modified S = Missing D = Disconnected F = Defective N = Non-Applicable PCV___ TAC___ EVAP___ AIS___ EGR___ SPK___ CAT___ COMP___ SENSORS___
Functional Test Idle Speed:_____ RPM Ignition Timing:_____ Spec:_____ Pass � Fail�
EGR: � Pass � Fail Cause (if fail): � Defective EGR � No Vacuum � Clogged Passages
How many inches of vacuum required to open EGR? _____ Hg.
OBD II: Communications: � Pass � Fail Monitor Status: � Pass � Fail MIL Command: � Pass � Fail
Visible Fuel Leaks: Pass Fail Fuel CAP: Pass Fail Low pressure fuel evaporative test: Pass Fail� � � � � �
Computer Operation
Computer Code Stored? � Yes �No If yes, are codes: � Hard � Soft Record Codes:___________
Are codes emission related? � Yes � No Define Codes:__________ __________ __________
Record results of diagnosis:_____________________________________________________________
Oxygen Sensor: � Good � Defective Low Voltage:____mV High Voltage:____mV Rise Time:____ms
CO Standards: � Pass � Fail
Is system in fuel control? � Yes � No If no, is O2 biased? �Rich � Lean Will the computer respond to
artificial O2 input? � Yes � No If no, why?______________________________________________
Air Injection Is AIS functioning correctly? � Yes � No If no, why? ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Visual Inspection of the Engine Performance Systems Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HC Diagnosis Misfires: Engine: � Yes � No Ignition: � Yes � No Air/Fuel: � Yes � No Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CO Diagnosis
Average O2S Voltage:_________________ Fuel Trim Data:___________________________
Air filter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Fuel Pressure: Specifications:___________________ Measured:_________________________________
Saturated EVAP control canister?: � Yes � No Engine oil contaminated with fuel?: � Yes � No
Carburetor Operation:
idle air/fuel adjustment_______ choke adjustment_______ float level_______ power valve operation_______
NOx Diagnosis
Ignition Timing Advance: Specifications: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Measured: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Coolant Temperature:__________ Air Intake Temperature: TAC_________ EFE__________
Is engine compression excessive?: � Yes � No Is fuel octane correct?: � Yes � No
Catalytic Converter Efficiency Diagnosis
Is catalytic converter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Describe testing method(s) used:_____________________________________________________________
Diagnostic Summary:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Case Scenario
1991 Honda CRX
HC Failure
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’91 CRX HC Failure
• 1991 Honda CRX• 4 cylinder, 1.6L engine• Failed Smog Check for high HC at 50/15
– Functional tests – PASS– Visual tests – PASS
• PCV, EVAP, CAT, SPK, FI, HO2S
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’91 CRX HC Failure
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMFail 167 0.40 14.44 746 0.10 1827
StandardsHC CO CO2 NO O2
Fail 134 0.82 847GP 308 2.32 2,070AVG 31 0.10 237
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’91 CRX HC Failure
• Diagnostics Performed:• Technician Tested Engine Integrity
– Cylinder balance - #4 showed low contribution– Leakage test - #4 excessive leakage exhaust
• DTC’s - none• TSB’s – State I/M failure due to improper
warm-up procedures – not applicable in this case
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’91 CRX HC Failure
• Continued
• Technician Tested HO2S– minimum voltage 200mV– maximum voltage 810mV– rise time 371mS
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’91 CRX HC Failure
• Based on this diagnostic information, the technician recommended adjusting the valves and replacing the HO2S.
• Repairs were authorized and performed.
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’91 CRX HC Failure
• The after-repairs inspection showed the following emissions readings:
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’91 CRX HC Failure
• The after-repairs inspection showed the following emissions readings:ASM 5015
Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMPASS 95 0.15 15.00 844 0.10 1857
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 134 0.82 847GP 308 2.32 2,070AVG 31 0.10 237
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’91 CRX HC Failure
• What diagnostic steps could have been performed to more thoroughly address the HC failure?
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Vehicle Information Data Sheet Vehicle Make: Model: Year: VIN #:
License #: # of Cylinders: Engine Size: Mileage: Date: RO #:
Pre-repair Baseline Emissions Results
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured 50/15 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
25/25 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Lambda Calculator:__________________________________________________________________________
Visual/Functional Inspection Use: P = Pass M = Modified S = Missing D = Disconnected F = Defective N = Non-Applicable PCV___ TAC___ EVAP___ AIS___ EGR___ SPK___ CAT___ COMP___ SENSORS___
Functional Test Idle Speed:_____ RPM Ignition Timing:_____ Spec:_____ � Pass � Fail
EGR: � Pass � Fail Cause (if fail): � Defective EGR � No Vacuum � Clogged Passages
How many inches of vacuum required to open EGR? _____ Hg.
OBD II: Communications: � Pass � Fail Monitor Status: � Pass � Fail MIL Command: � Pass � Fail
Visible Fuel Leaks: � Pass � Fail Fuel CAP: � Pass � Fail Low pressure fuel evaporative test: � Pass � Fail
Computer Operation
Computer Code Stored? � Yes �No If yes, are codes: � Hard � Soft Record Codes:___________
Are codes emission related? � Yes � No Define Codes:__________ __________ __________
Record results of diagnosis:_____________________________________________________________
Oxygen Sensor: � Good � Defective Low Voltage:____mV High Voltage:____mV Rise Time:____ms
CO Standards: � Pass � Fail
Is system in fuel control? � Yes � No If no, is O2 biased? �Rich � Lean Will the computer respond to
artificial O2 input? � Yes � No If no, why?______________________________________________
Air Injection Is AIS functioning correctly? � Yes � No If no, why? ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Visual Inspection of the Engine Performance Systems Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HC Diagnosis Misfires: Engine: � Yes � No Ignition: � Yes � No Air/Fuel: � Yes � No Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CO Diagnosis
Average O2S Voltage:_________________ Fuel Trim Data:___________________________
Air filter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Fuel Pressure: Specifications:___________________ Measured:_________________________________
Saturated EVAP control canister?: � Yes � No Engine oil contaminated with fuel?: � Yes � No
Carburetor Operation:
idle air/fuel adjustment_______ choke adjustment_______ float level_______ power valve operation_______
NOx Diagnosis
Ignition Timing Advance: Specifications: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Measured: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Coolant Temperature:__________ Air Intake Temperature: TAC_________ EFE__________
Is engine compression excessive?: � Yes � No Is fuel octane correct?: � Yes � No
Catalytic Converter Efficiency Diagnosis
Is catalytic converter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Describe testing method(s) used:_____________________________________________________________
Diagnostic Summary:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnosis
CO Diagnosis(non-computer controlled vehicle)
Check air intake system forrestrictions
Check for unmetered fuel enteringthe engine
Check carburetor operation
Check air injection systemoperation
Check catalyst(s) operation
Plugged / dirty air filter, improper choke operation,plugged PCV system, improper TAC operation
Improper EVAP purge operation, saturated EVAPcannister, fuel contaminated engine oil (> 500 ppm HC
after 5 minutes measured at the oil filler neck engine off)
Float level, choke operation, main metering, power valve,idle circuit
Use system description / operation to verify properswitching. Check operating pressure by pinching off
supply hose and verifying O2 drop in tailpipe emissions
After upstream repairs are complete, use manufacturer'sprocedures to test efficiency. Combinations of cranking CO2,
snap O2, HC efficiency, temperature gain are useful whenmanufacturer's procedures aren't available.
Tools and Techniques
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO DiagnosticsCheck air intake
system for restrictionsPlugged / dirty air filter, improper choke
operation, plugged PCV system, improper TACoperation
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics
• EVAP– Saturated
Canister– Improper Purge
Valve Operation
• Crankcase– Improper PCV
Valve Operation– Engine Oil
Contaminated With Fuel
Check for unmetered fuelentering the engine
Improper EVAP purge operation, saturated EVAP cannister,fuel contaminated engine oil (> 500 ppm HC after 5 minutes
measured at the oil filler neck engine off)
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics
• Float Level• Choke Operation• Main Metering• Power Valve• Idle Circuit
Check carburetoroperation
Float level, choke operation, mainmetering, power valve, idle circuit
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics
• Same As HC Diagnosis
Check air injectionsystem operation
Check catalyst(s)operation
Use system description / operation to verify properswitching. Check operating pressure by pinching off
supply hose and verifying O2 drop in tailpipe emissions
After upstream repairs are complete, use manufacturer'sprocedures to test efficiency. Combinations of cranking
CO2, snap O2, HC efficiency, temperature gain are usefulwhen manufacturer's procedures aren't available.
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Feedback Diagnosis
(OBD I)Yes
CO Diagnosis(computer controlled vehicle)
(OBD I)
Review data stream (if available) orconfirm related sensor/output
performance. Test O2S with DSO.
Check for vehicle computer operation (isthe fuel metering system capable of beingartificially driven rich or lean, is the timing
being controlled? Perform manufacturer'srecommended system performance check)
Pull codes, record codes in theorder they are displayed, erase
codes, operate vehicle, pull hardcodes (OBD I)
Scan tool, multimeter, DCO,DTC diagnostic flowcharts,
diagnostic & repair information
DMM, DSO, propaneenrichment tool, break-out box
4/5 gas analyzer, timing light,sensor simulator
Refer to "High CO Non-Feedback"diagnostic flowchart
Air intake restriction, unmeteredfuel, carburetor, air injection,
catalyst operation
DTC's?
Discern between hard and soft codes
Follow manufacturer's or publisheddiagnostic / repair procedures for hard
codes
No
Scan tool, jumper wire,screwdriver, DTC pulling
instructions
Tools and Techniques
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics
• CO Feedback Diagnosis Builds On To CO Non-Feedback Diagnosis
• Includes DTCs & O2S Performance and Signature
Refer to "High CO Non-Feedback" diagnostic flowchart
Air intake restriction,unmetered fuel,
carburetor, air injection,catalyst operation
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics
DTC's?
Follow manufacturer's orpublished diagnostic / repairprocedures for hard codes
Discern between hardand soft codes
Scan tool, jumper wire,screwdriver, DTC pulling
instructions
Yes
Pull codes, record codes in the orderthey are displayed, erase codes,operate vehicle, pull hard codes
Scan tool, multimeter, DSO,DTC diagnostic flowcharts,
diagnostic & repair information
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics
• Oxygen Sensor Test– Light Off O2S– Artificially Manipulate Full Rich (propane)– Artificially Manipulate Full Lean– Snap Throttle
Test O2S with DSOPropane enrichment tool, DSOminimum voltage = 0 - 175mV
maximum = 800 - 1000mVrate of change = < 100 mS (175mV - 800 mV)
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics
• Passing Results– Minimum Voltage (Artificially Full Lean)
• 0V – 175mV
– Maximum Voltage (Artificially Full Rich)• 800mV – 1V
– Rise Time (Snap Throttle)• < / = 100mS (from 175mV – 800mV)
Test O2S with DSOPropane enrichment tool, DSOminimum voltage = 0 - 175mV
maximum = 800 - 1000mVrate of change = < 100 mS (175mV - 800 mV)
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics
• Feedback Systems Default to Rich When They Become Non-responsive (limp home mode)
• Check for the PCM’s Ability to Drive the System Rich or Lean Based on an Opposing Signal
• Check for the PCM’s Ability to Control Ignition Timing
Check for vehicle computer operation (isthe fuel metering system capable of beingartificially driven rich or lean, is the timing
being controlled? Perform manufacturer'srecommended system performance check)
4/5 gas analyzer,timing light,
sensor simulator
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Vehicle Information Data Sheet Vehicle Make: Model: Year: VIN #:
License #: # of Cylinders: Engine Size: Mileage: Date: RO #:
Pre-repair Baseline Emissions Results
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
50/15 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
25/25 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Lambda Calculator:__________________________________________________________________________
Visual/Functional Inspection Use: P = Pass M = Modified S = Missing D = Disconnected F = Defective N = Non-Applicable PCV___ TAC___ EVAP___ AIS___ EGR___ SPK___ CAT___ COMP___ SENSORS___
Functional Test Idle Speed:_____ RPM Ignition Timing:_____ Spec:_____ Pass � Fail �
EGR: � Pass � Fail Cause (if fail): � Defective EGR � No Vacuum � Clogged Passages
How many inches of vacuum required to open EGR? _____ Hg.
OBD II: Communications: � Pass � Fail Monitor Status: � Pass � Fail MIL Command: � Pass � Fail
Visible Fuel Leaks: Pass Fail Fuel CAP: Pass Fail Low pressure fuel evaporative test: Pass Fail� � � � � �
Computer Operation
Computer Code Stored? � Yes �No If yes, are codes: � Hard � Soft Record Codes:___________
Are codes emission related? � Yes � No Define Codes:__________ __________ __________
Record results of diagnosis:_____________________________________________________________
Oxygen Sensor: � Good � Defective Low Voltage:____mV High Voltage:____mV Rise Time:____ms
CO Standards: � Pass � Fail
Is system in fuel control? � Yes � No If no, is O2 biased? �Rich � Lean Will the computer respond to artificial
O2 input? � Yes � No If no, why?______________________________________________
Air Injection Is AIS functioning correctly? � Yes � No If no, why? ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Visual Inspection of the Engine Performance Systems Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HC Diagnosis Misfires: Engine: � Yes � No Ignition: � Yes � No Air/Fuel: � Yes � No Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CO Diagnosis
Average O2S Voltage:_________________ Fuel Trim Data:___________________________
Air filter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Fuel Pressure: Specifications:___________________ Measured:_________________________________
Saturated EVAP control canister?: � Yes � No Engine oil contaminated with fuel?: � Yes � No
Carburetor Operation:
idle air/fuel adjustment_______ choke adjustment_______ float level_______ power valve operation_______
NOx Diagnosis
Ignition Timing Advance: Specifications: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Measured: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Coolant Temperature:__________ Air Intake Temperature: TAC_________ EFE__________
Is engine compression excessive?: � Yes � No Is fuel octane correct?: � Yes � No
Catalytic Converter Efficiency Diagnosis
Is catalytic converter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Describe testing method(s) used:_____________________________________________________________
Diagnostic Summary:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
CO Diagnostics• CO Case Scenario• Instructor Lead Demonstration
– Intake Air Restrictions– Un-metered Fuel– Fuel Metering– O2S Mapping/Average
• Lab Exercises– Vehicle Information Datasheet
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
1991 Acura Integra CO Failure
Case Scenario
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’91 Integra CO Failure
• Failed Smog Check Inspection for:– Excessive CO 50/15
• Passed Visual and Functional
• Tailpipe Readings...
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMFail 121 0.99 14.6 771 0 1988
StandardsHC CO CO2 NO O2
Fail 121 0.76 807GP 296 2.26 2,014AVG 31 0.10 237
’91 Integra CO Failure
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’91 Integra CO Failure
• Diagnostic tests performed...– HO2S waveform monitored and found to
vary from 100mV to 900mV– Closed loop verified– Catalyst outlet temperature less than
inlet temperature – Needs catalyst
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’91 Integra CO Failure
• Repairs authorized and performed– Catalyst replaced
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’91 Integra CO Failure
• The vehicle passed and after-repairs Smog Check inspection– The final readings are as follows:
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMPass 87 0.3 15.2 515 0 1973
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 121 0.76 807GP 296 2.26 2,014AVG 31 0.10 237
’91 Integra CO Failure
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’91 Integra CO Failure
• The vehicle passed and after-repairs Smog Check inspection
• What diagnostic steps could have been performed to more thoroughly address the failure?
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Vehicle Information Data Sheet Vehicle Make: Model: Year: VIN #:
License #: # of Cylinders: Engine Size: Mileage: Date: RO #:
Pre-repair Baseline Emissions Results
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
50/15 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
25/25 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Lambda Calculator:__________________________________________________________________________
Visual/Functional Inspection Use: P = Pass M = Modified S = Missing D = Disconnected F = Defective N = Non-Applicable PCV___ TAC___ EVAP___ AIS___ EGR___ SPK___ CAT___ COMP___ SENSORS___
Functional Test Idle Speed:_____ RPM Ignition Timing:_____ Spec:_____ � Pass � Fail
EGR: � Pass � Fail Cause (if fail): � Defective EGR � No Vacuum � Clogged Passages
How many inches of vacuum required to open EGR? _____ Hg.
OBD II: Communications: � Pass � Fail Monitor Status: � Pass � Fail MIL Command: � Pass � Fail
Visible Fuel Leaks: � Pass � Fail Fuel CAP: � Pass � Fail Low pressure fuel evaporative test: � Pass � Fail
Computer Operation
Computer Code Stored? � Yes �No If yes, are codes: � Hard � Soft Record Codes:___________
Are codes emission related? � Yes � No Define Codes:__________ __________ __________
Record results of diagnosis:_____________________________________________________________
Oxygen Sensor: � Good � Defective Low Voltage:____mV High Voltage:____mV Rise Time:____ms
CO Standards: � Pass � Fail
Is system in fuel control? � Yes � No If no, is O2 biased? �Rich � Lean Will the computer respond to artificial
O2 input? � Yes � No If no, why?______________________________________________
Air Injection Is AIS functioning correctly? � Yes � No If no, why? ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Visual Inspection of the Engine Performance Systems Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HC Diagnosis Misfires: Engine: � Yes � No Ignition: � Yes � No Air/Fuel: � Yes � No Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CO Diagnosis
Average O2S Voltage:_________________ Fuel Trim Data:___________________________
Air filter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Fuel Pressure: Specifications:___________________ Measured:_________________________________
Saturated EVAP control canister?: � Yes � No Engine oil contaminated with fuel?: � Yes � No
Carburetor Operation:
idle air/fuel adjustment_______ choke adjustment_______ float level_______ power valve operation_______
NOx Diagnosis
Ignition Timing Advance: Specifications: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Measured: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Coolant Temperature:__________ Air Intake Temperature: TAC_________ EFE__________
Is engine compression excessive?: � Yes � No Is fuel octane correct?: � Yes � No
Catalytic Converter Efficiency Diagnosis
Is catalytic converter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Describe testing method(s) used:_____________________________________________________________
Diagnostic Summary:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Case Scenario
1989 Dodge B-150
CO/HC Failure
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’89 B-150 CO/HC Failure
• 1989 B-150, 6 cylinder, 3.9 L engine• Tailpipe
– Failed Smog Check for high CO/HC at both 50/15 and 25/25 modes
• Functional – Failed fuel cap
• Visual tests– Failed missing AIR pump belt (pump frozen)
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’89 B-150 CO/HC Failure
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMGP 633 10.78 7.1 21 0.0 1395
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 124 0.75 1,020GP 311 2.05 1,807AVG 34 0.11 260
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’89 B-150 CO/HC Failure
ASM 2525Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMGP 724 10.81 7.1 30 0.0 1384
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 104 0.95 880GP 261 2.25 1,607AVG 23 0.10 217
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’89 B-150 CO/HC Failure
• Diagnostics Performed:– EGR – excessive flow off idle. Bad EGR transducer.
Affecting engine vacuum.– HO2S – fixed at 100mV both at forced rich and
lean. PCM responds to artificial signal– MAP and ECT sensor circuits OK– Needs AIR pump and belt– Needs fuel cap
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’89 B-150 CO/HC Failure
• Based on this diagnostic information, the technician recommended:– Replacing fuel cap; AIR pump and belt; EGR
vacuum transducer; and HO2S
• Repairs were authorized and performed.
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’89 B-150 CO/HC Failure
• The after-repairs inspection showed the following emissions readings:
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’89 B-150 CO/HC Failure
• The after-repairs inspection showed the following emissions readings:ASM 5015
Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMPASS 70 0.52 13.3 433 2.2 1455
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 124 0.75 1,020GP 311 2.05 1,807AVG 34 0.11 260
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’89 B-150 CO/HC Failure
• The after-repairs inspection showed the following emissions readings:ASM 2525
Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMPASS 53 0.66 13.2 314 2.3 1444
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 104 0.95 880GP 261 2.25 1,607AVG 23 0.10 217
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
’89 B-150 CO/HC Failure
What diagnostic steps could have been performed to more thoroughly address the CO/HC failure?
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Vehicle Information Data Sheet Vehicle Make: Model: Year: VIN #:
License #: # of Cylinders: Engine Size: Mileage: Date: RO #:
Pre-repair Baseline Emissions Results
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
50/15 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
25/25 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Lambda Calculator:__________________________________________________________________________
Visual/Functional Inspection Use: P = Pass M = Modified S = Missing D = Disconnected F = Defective N = Non-Applicable PCV___ TAC___ EVAP___ AIS___ EGR___ SPK___ CAT___ COMP___ SENSORS___
Functional Test Idle Speed:_____ RPM Ignition Timing:_____ Spec:_____ � Pass � Fail
EGR: � Pass � Fail Cause (if fail): � Defective EGR � No Vacuum � Clogged Passages
How many inches of vacuum required to open EGR? _____ Hg.
OBD II: Communications: � Pass � Fail Monitor Status: � Pass � Fail MIL Command: � Pass � Fail
Visible Fuel Leaks: � Pass � Fail Fuel CAP: � Pass � Fail Low pressure fuel evaporative test: � Pass � Fail
Computer Operation
Computer Code Stored? � Yes �No If yes, are codes: � Hard � Soft Record Codes:___________
Are codes emission related? � Yes � No Define Codes:__________ __________ __________
Record results of diagnosis:_____________________________________________________________
Oxygen Sensor: � Good � Defective Low Voltage:____mV High Voltage:____mV Rise Time:____ms
CO Standards: � Pass � Fail
Is system in fuel control? � Yes � No If no, is O2 biased? �Rich � Lean Will the computer respond to artificial
O2 input? � Yes � No If no, why?______________________________________________
Air Injection Is AIS functioning correctly? � Yes � No If no, why? ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Visual Inspection of the Engine Performance Systems Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HC Diagnosis Misfires: Engine: � Yes � No Ignition: � Yes � No Air/Fuel: � Yes � No Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CO Diagnosis
Average O2S Voltage:_________________ Fuel Trim Data:___________________________
Air filter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Fuel Pressure: Specifications:___________________ Measured:_________________________________
Saturated EVAP control canister?: � Yes � No Engine oil contaminated with fuel?: � Yes � No
Carburetor Operation:
idle air/fuel adjustment_______ choke adjustment_______ float level_______ power valve operation_______
NOx Diagnosis
Ignition Timing Advance: Specifications: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Measured: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Coolant Temperature:__________ Air Intake Temperature: TAC_________ EFE__________
Is engine compression excessive?: � Yes � No Is fuel octane correct?: � Yes � No
Catalytic Converter Efficiency Diagnosis
Is catalytic converter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Describe testing method(s) used:_____________________________________________________________
Diagnostic Summary:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Hand outHomework Assignment
End of Night One
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
NOx Diagnostics
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
NOx Diagnosis
NOx Diagnosis
Check ignition timing(base and advance as applicable.)
Check exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)system
(if equipped)
Check for lean air/fuel mixture
Check for excessive coolant and/orintake air temperature
Check for excessive combustionchamber pressure
Check for proper fuel octane rating
Check catalyst operation(vehicles equipped with a reduction catalyst only)
Timing light, magnetic timing,tachometer, base timingspecifications and timingadvance specifications (if
available)
Vacuum guage/pump,tachometer, scantool
Lambda calculator, gasanalyzer, biased O2S pattern,
fuel trim data, secondary ignitionpattern
Pyrometer, scantool,temperature probe,
thermometer
Compression guage,borescope, TSBs
Owner's manual, vehicle owner
Manufacturer's test procedures,4/5 gas analysis (high CO2, low
O2), cranking CO2, snap O2,temperature gain, intrusive
Tools and Techniques
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
NOx FAILURES• Timing • EGR• A/F Ratio• Temperature• Pressure• Fuel• Catalyst
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
NOx Diagnostics
• Base & Timing Advance – Where applicable
• Timing Light, Magnetic Timing Device, Tachometer, Timing Procedures & Specifications
Check ignition timing(base and advance as applicable.)
Timing light, magnetic timing,tachometer, base timing
specifications and timing advancespecifications (if available)
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
IGNITION TIMING• Pressure = Heat• Two High Pressure Events
–Compression–Combustion
• Separate The Two Events With Time
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Beginning of compression stroke
Intake valve closes
Base Ignition Timing 10°
btdc
TDC Compression
Max pressure - temperature
Max pressure – combustion (16° - 21° atdc)
Over advanced
base timing (15° btdc)
Bottom Dead Center - Power
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
TIMING FAILURES
• Incorrect Base Timing• Incorrect Advance Curves
–Mechanical / Vacuum –Modules
• Timing Controls–Knock Sensors
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
NOx Diagnostics
• Vacuum Control & Supply• Intake & Exhaust Passages• Valve Performance
Check exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) system (if equipped)
Vacuum gauge/pump,tachometer, scantool
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
EGR SYSTEM OPERATION
• EGR Reduces Combustion Chamber Temps
• Reducing Amount of Air Fuel Charge
• Valve Timing?
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
EGR DEFECTS• Restricted or
Blocked Passageways
• Vacuum Supply• PCM Control
Malfunction
• Mechanical Malfunction
• Back Pressure Transducer Malfunction
• Insufficient Exhaust Back Pressure
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
NOx Diagnostics
• Lambda Calculator• Gas Analyzer• Biased O2S Pattern• Fuel Trim Data • Secondary Ignition Waveform Analysis
Check for lean air/fuel mixtureLambda calculator, gas
analyzer, biased O2S pattern,fuel trim data, secondary
ignition pattern
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
AIR FUEL RATIO
Stoichiometric Chart
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
STOICHIOMETRIC CHART
14.7:1
O2
CO
HC
NOxCO2
10:1 20:1RICH LEAN
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Case Study
• September• 1993 Mazda Protege• 1.8L, Manual Trans, No EGR• Failed Smog Check for Timing
(FA99), HC & GP NOx
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Initial Failing Inspection (GP)
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMGP 247 0.49 13.8 2000 1.2 1624
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 92 0.55 716GP 281 2.05 1,961AVG 21 0.06 150
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
NOx Case ScenarioLambda Calculator
Movie Clip
Click Calculate to Start Demo
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Case Study
• November• 1993 Mazda Protege• 1.8L, Manual Trans, No EGR• Failed its Pre-repair Baseline
Inspection at a CAP station for for Timing (FB48), HC & NOx
(not in handouts)
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Pre-repair Baseline (GS)
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMFail 186 0.43 16 1095 1 1683
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 92 0.55 716GP 281 2.05 1,961AVG 21 0.06 150
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
NOx Case ScenarioLambda Calculator
Movie Clip
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Case Study
• December• 1993 Mazda Protege• 1.8L, Manual Trans, No EGR• Passed & Certified
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
Post Repair Certification
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMPass 74 0.21 15.5 308 0.08 1590
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 92 0.55 716GP 281 2.05 1,961AVG 21 0.06 150
MinMin 056mV056mV MaxMax 912mV912mV AveAve 446mV446mV
NOx Case ScenarioLambda Calculator
Movie Clip
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CAUSES OF LEAN MIXTURES
• Restricted Fuel Flow
• Fuel Injector Spray Pattern
• Plugged Injector• O2 Sensor Defect• Low Fuel Pressures
• MAF Sensor Malfunction
• MAP Sensor Malfunction
• TPS Sensor Malfunction
• PCM Malfunction
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NOx Diagnostics
• Cooling System Operation
• Intake Air Operation
• Infra-red Digital Pyrometer
• Temperature Probe• Thermometer• Scan-tool PIDs
Check for excessive coolant and/orintake air temperature
Pyrometer, scantool,temperature probe, thermometer
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COOLING SYSTEM
• NOx Caused By Heat• Engine Temperature is
Regulated by Cooling System
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COOLING SYSTEM DEFECTS
• Thermostat not Functioning Properly• Coolant Flow Through Radiator
Restricted• Low Coolant Level
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EARLY FUEL EVAPORATION
• Liquid Fuel Does Not Burn• Assists Vaporization During Cold Engine
Operation• If EFE Not Disabled After Engine Is Warm
– Superheats Manifold and Air Fuel Charge• Check
– TVS, Temp Sensors, Linkage
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NOx Diagnostics
• Excessive Pressure Due to Carbon Build-up• Unmanaged Ignition Source (timing)• Compression gauge, borescope, TSB’s
Check for excessive combustionchamber pressure
Compression gauge,borescope, TSBs
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NOx Diagnostics
• Octane Rates Speed of Burn• High Octane Fuels Burn Slower• Low Octane Fuels Burn Faster• Consult Owner’s Manual
Check for proper fueloctane rating
Owner's manual,vehicle owner
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NOx Diagnostics
• Exhaust Leaks Upstream From Catalyst• Sufficient CO (not excessively lean)• Physical Damage• Efficiency Tests• Applies Only To Vehicles Equipped With A
Reduction Catalyst!
Check catalyst operation(vehicles equipped with a reduction catalyst only)
Manufacturer's test procedures, 4/5 gas analysis (high CO2, low O2),
cranking CO2, snap O2,temperature gain, intrusive
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NOx Diagnostics• NOx Case Scenario
• Instructor Lead Demonstration– Ignition Timing Advance– Lambda Calculator
• Lab Exercises– Vehicle Information Datasheet
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1984 Volvo 240 DL
NOx Failure Case Scenario
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’84 240 DL NOx Failure
• 2.3L 4 cylinder engine• PCV, TAC, EVAP, CAT, FI, & HO2S
• Failed 50/15 and 25/25 for NOx
• Passed functional and visual inspections
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’84 240 DL NOx Failure
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMFail 85 0.04 14.6 1712 0.5 1712
StandardsHC CO CO2 NO O2
Fail 135 0.83 1,136GP 311 2.33 2,153AVG 41 0.13 399
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’84 240 DL NOx Failure
ASM 25/25Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMFail 65 0.02 14.4 2732 0.7 1754
StandardsHC CO CO2 NO O2
Fail 110 0.63 966GP 261 2.13 1,953AVG 29 0.11 332
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’84 240 DL NOx Failure
• Diagnostic Tests Performed...– HO2S
• Signal fixed at 540 mV
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’92 Accord NOx Failure
• Repairs Authorized and Performed...– Replace HO2S
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’92 Accord NOx Failure
• The vehicle passed and after-repairs Smog Check inspection– The final readings are as follows:
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’84 240 DL NOx Failure
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMPass 132 0.27 14.6 1102 0.5 1723
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 135 0.83 1,136GP 311 2.33 2,153AVG 41 0.13 399
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’84 240 DL NOx Failure
ASM 25/25Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMPass 57 0.04 14.8 662 0.1 1762
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 110 0.63 966GP 261 2.13 1,953AVG 29 0.11 332
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’84 240 DL NOx Failure
• What diagnostic steps could have been performed to more thoroughly address the failure?
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Vehicle Information Data Sheet Vehicle Make: Model: Year: VIN #:
License #: # of Cylinders: Engine Size: Mileage: Date: RO #:
Pre-repair Baseline Emissions Results
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
50/15 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
25/25 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Lambda Calculator:__________________________________________________________________________
Visual/Functional Inspection Use: P = Pass M = Modified S = Missing D = Disconnected F = Defective N = Non-Applicable PCV___ TAC___ EVAP___ AIS___ EGR___ SPK___ CAT___ COMP___ SENSORS___
Functional Test Idle Speed:_____ RPM Ignition Timing:_____ Spec:_____ � Pass Fail �
EGR: � Pass � Fail Cause (if fail): � Defective EGR � No Vacuum � Clogged Passages
How many inches of vacuum required to open EGR? _____ Hg.
OBD II: Communications: � Pass � Fail Monitor Status: � Pass � Fail MIL Command: � Pass � Fail
Visible Fuel Leaks: Pass Fail Fuel CAP: Pass Fail Low pressure fuel evaporative test: Pass Fail� � � � � �
Computer Operation
Computer Code Stored? � Yes �No If yes, are codes: � Hard � Soft Record Codes:___________
Are codes emission related? � Yes � No Define Codes:__________ __________ __________
Record results of diagnosis:_____________________________________________________________
Oxygen Sensor: � Good � Defective Low Voltage:____mV High Voltage:____mV Rise Time:____ms
CO Standards: � Pass � Fail
Is system in fuel control? Yes No If no, is O2 biased? Rich Lean Will the computer resp� � � � ond to
artificial O2 input? � Yes � No If no, why?______________________________________________
Air Injection Is AIS functioning correctly? � Yes � No If no, why? ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Visual Inspection of the Engine Performance Systems Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HC Diagnosis Misfires: Engine: � Yes � No Ignition: � Yes � No Air/Fuel: � Yes � No Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CO Diagnosis
Average O2S Voltage:_________________ Fuel Trim Data:___________________________
Air filter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Fuel Pressure: Specifications:___________________ Measured:_________________________________
Saturated EVAP control canister?: � Yes � No Engine oil contaminated with fuel?: � Yes � No
Carburetor Operation:
idle air/fuel adjustment_______ choke adjustment_______ float level_______ power valve operation_______
NOx Diagnosis
Ignition Timing Advance: Specifications: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Measured: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Coolant Temperature:__________ Air Intake Temperature: TAC_________ EFE__________
Is engine compression excessive?: � Yes � No Is fuel octane correct?: � Yes � No
Catalytic Converter Efficiency Diagnosis
Is catalytic converter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Describe testing method(s) used:_____________________________________________________________
Diagnostic Summary:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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1992 Honda Accord
NOx Failure Case Scenario
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’92 Accord NOx Failure• 2.2L 4 cylinder engine• PCV, EVAP, EGR, CAT, SPK, FI, & HO2S
• Failed 50/15 and 25/25 for NOx
• Passed functional and visual inspections
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’92 Accord NOx Failure
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMFail 65 0.25 14.4 1220 0.3 1836
StandardsHC CO CO2 NO O2
Fail 116 0.74 791GP 291 2.24 1,992AVG 31 0.10 237
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’92 Accord NOx Failure
ASM 25/25Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMFail 98 0.22 14.4 1186 0.2 1907
StandardsHC CO CO2 NO O2
Fail 91 0.62 730GP 241 2.12 1,792AVG 20 0.09 199
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’92 Accord NOx Failure• Diagnostic Tests Performed...
– Catalyst – failed cranking CO2 test– EGR – vacuum signal, passages, valve
operation – Good– Ignition timing – at specifications– Lambda – within specifications 50/15 and
25/25
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’92 Accord NOx Failure• Repairs Authorized and Performed...
– Replace catalytic converter
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’92 Accord NOx Failure
• The vehicle passed an after-repairs Smog Check inspection– The final readings are as follows:
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’92 Accord NOx Failure
ASM 5015Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMPass 37 0.11 15.2 791 0.2 1828
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 116 0.74 791GP 291 2.24 1,992AVG 31 0.10 237
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’92 Accord NOx Failure
ASM 25/25Result HC CO CO2 NO O2 RPMPass 10 0.04 15.2 613 0 2531
Standards
HC CO CO2 NO O2Fail 91 0.62 730GP 241 2.12 1,792AVG 20 0.09 199
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’92 Accord NOx Failure
• What diagnostic steps could have been performed to more thoroughly address the failure?
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Vehicle Information Data Sheet Vehicle Make: Model: Year: VIN #:
License #: # of Cylinders: Engine Size: Mileage: Date: RO #:
Pre-repair Baseline Emissions Results
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
50/15 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured Cut-points Measured
25/25 HC HC CO CO NOx NOx
Lambda Calculator:__________________________________________________________________________
Visual/Functional Inspection Use: P = Pass M = Modified S = Missing D = Disconnected F = Defective N = Non-Applicable PCV___ TAC___ EVAP___ AIS___ EGR___ SPK___ CAT___ COMP___ SENSORS___
Functional Test Idle Speed:_____ RPM Ignition Timing:_____ Spec:_____ � Pass � Fail
EGR: � Pass � Fail Cause (if fail): � Defective EGR � No Vacuum � Clogged Passages
How many inches of vacuum required to open EGR? _____ Hg.
OBD II: Communications: � Pass � Fail Monitor Status: � Pass � Fail MIL Command: � Pass � Fail
Visible Fuel Leaks: � Pass � Fail Fuel CAP: � Pass � Fail Low pressure fuel evaporative test: � Pass � Fail
Computer Operation
Computer Code Stored? � Yes �No If yes, are codes: � Hard � Soft Record Codes:___________
Are codes emission related? � Yes � No Define Codes:__________ __________ __________
Record results of diagnosis:_____________________________________________________________
Oxygen Sensor: � Good � Defective Low Voltage:____mV High Voltage:____mV Rise Time:____ms
CO Standards: � Pass � Fail
Is system in fuel control? � Yes � No If no, is O2 biased? �Rich � Lean Will the computer respond to
artificial O2 input? � Yes � No If no, why?______________________________________________
Air Injection Is AIS functioning correctly? � Yes � No If no, why? ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Visual Inspection of the Engine Performance Systems Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HC Diagnosis Misfires: Engine: � Yes � No Ignition: � Yes � No Air/Fuel: � Yes � No Notes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CO Diagnosis
Average O2S Voltage:_________________ Fuel Trim Data:___________________________
Air filter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Fuel Pressure: Specifications:___________________ Measured:_________________________________
Saturated EVAP control canister?: � Yes � No Engine oil contaminated with fuel?: � Yes � No
Carburetor Operation:
idle air/fuel adjustment_______ choke adjustment_______ float level_______ power valve operation_______
NOx Diagnosis
Ignition Timing Advance: Specifications: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Measured: Centrifugal:__________ Vacuum:__________
Coolant Temperature:__________ Air Intake Temperature: TAC_________ EFE__________
Is engine compression excessive?: � Yes � No Is fuel octane correct?: � Yes � No
Catalytic Converter Efficiency Diagnosis
Is catalytic converter in good serviceable condition?: � Yes � No
Describe testing method(s) used:_____________________________________________________________
Diagnostic Summary:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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OBD II Diagnostics
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OBD IIOBD II Diagnostics
MIL illuminated?
Pull DTC's and record freezeframe data
Review pending DTC's,monitor status, mode 6 andmode 5 data, fuel trim and
misfire data
Perform a system performancecheck and/or a complete drive
cycle as per manufacturer'sinstructions
Check PCM for DTC's(pending or matured), reviewmode 6 and mode 5 data for
failed test results
Yes
NoFollow manufacturer's or
published diagnostic / repairprocedures for DTC's. Begin
with the DTC refered to infreeze frame data
Scan tool
Manufacturer's orpublished diagnostic& repair information
Scan tool
Scan tool, multimeter, DSO,DTC diagnostic flowcharts,
diagnostic & repairinformation
Scan tool, paper & pencil. Donot erase DTC's unless
instructed to do so by diagnostic/ repair procedures
MIL functional test(KOEO bulb check)
Tools and Techniques
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OBD II DiagnosticsMIL illuminated?
Pull DTC's and record freezeframe data
Yes
Follow manufacturer's orpublished diagnostic / repairprocedures for DTC's. Begin
with the DTC refered to infreeze frame data
Scan tool, multimeter, DSO,DTC diagnostic flowcharts,
diagnostic & repair information
Scan tool, paper & pencil. Donot erase DTC's unless
instructed to do so by diagnostic/ repair procedures
MIL functional test(KOEO bulb check)
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OBD II Diagnostics
• No MIL – No DTC Diagnosis...– Check Pending DTC’s; Mode 6 and Mode 5 Data;
Fuel Trim; and Misfire Data
Review pending DTC's,monitor status, mode 6 andmode 5 data, fuel trim and
misfire data
Scan tool
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OBD II Diagnostics
• Manufacturer’s System Performance Check• Comprehensive Drive Cycle
– Re-check DTC’s, Mode 6/5 Data
Perform a system performancecheck and/or a complete drive
cycle as per manufacturer'sinstructions
Check PCM for DTC's(pending or matured), reviewmode 6 and mode 5 data for
failed test results
Scan tool
Manufacturer's orpublished diagnostic &
repair information
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Critical Thinking SkillsAnalysis of Diagnostic Data
• Compare & Contrast
• What Works? What Doesn’t?
• What Doesn’t Fit?
• What’s Missing?• What Does the
Data Say?• What Does It All
Mean?
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We will be using these Critical Thinking Skills
along with the datasheets on the 3 Case Scenarios
during the lab session
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The End
SMOG CHECKSMOG CHECK
TECHNICIAN’S GUIDE TECHNICIAN’S GUIDE
TO USING THE TO USING THE
INTERNETINTERNET
ByByWayne BrumettWayne Brumett
USING THE INTERNETUSING THE INTERNET
In recent years, legislation was passed In recent years, legislation was passed requiring all vehicle manufacturers (mfgs.) to requiring all vehicle manufacturers (mfgs.) to provide aftermarket repair technicians and provide aftermarket repair technicians and shops with all the information needed to shops with all the information needed to diagnose and repair their vehicles.diagnose and repair their vehicles.
Mfgs. were required to make this information Mfgs. were required to make this information available, via the internet, to aftermarket available, via the internet, to aftermarket technicians at a nominal fee.technicians at a nominal fee.
Unfortunately, these mfg. websites are being Unfortunately, these mfg. websites are being under used by many technicians and shops!under used by many technicians and shops!
To successfully diagnose and repair today’s To successfully diagnose and repair today’s high tech vehicles, high tech vehicles,
YOU NEED TO USE THE INTERNET!!YOU NEED TO USE THE INTERNET!!
The following slides go over some internet The following slides go over some internet basics as they pertain to smog inspections, basics as they pertain to smog inspections, vehicle diagnosis, and repairs. vehicle diagnosis, and repairs. For some, this lesson will seem very basic and For some, this lesson will seem very basic and we ask for your indulgencewe ask for your indulgence. . For others, it will open up new avenues for For others, it will open up new avenues for inspection, diagnostic, and repair information.inspection, diagnostic, and repair information.
USING THE INTERNETUSING THE INTERNET
Q: OK, so how do you get on the internet?Q: OK, so how do you get on the internet?A: To access the internet, you need:A: To access the internet, you need:• A computer linked to the internet through a A computer linked to the internet through a
internet service provider.internet service provider.• Your Your ppersonal ersonal ccomputer (PC) needs a omputer (PC) needs a
program called an program called an internet browserinternet browser. Among . Among the common browser programs are: the common browser programs are: “Internet Explorer”, “Safari” (Apple PCs), “Internet Explorer”, “Safari” (Apple PCs), “Mozilla”, “Opera”, etc. Your PC probably “Mozilla”, “Opera”, etc. Your PC probably has one of these programs already has one of these programs already installed on it’s hard drive.installed on it’s hard drive.
USING THE INTERNET – Getting on the InternetUSING THE INTERNET – Getting on the Internet
Q: The student course syllabus says that I Q: The student course syllabus says that I mustmust do an internet homework assignment do an internet homework assignment to pass the courseto pass the course;; if I don’t own a if I don’t own a PC how can I complete this assignment?PC how can I complete this assignment?
A: The following options are available:A: The following options are available:• Most public libraries have PCs that you may Most public libraries have PCs that you may
use for use for free!free! you just need to get a library you just need to get a library card. They also have staff that can assist card. They also have staff that can assist you.you.
• Find an “internet cafe” and pay a small fee Find an “internet cafe” and pay a small fee to use their PCs.to use their PCs.
• Ask your employer or a friend if they would Ask your employer or a friend if they would allow you to use their PC.allow you to use their PC.
USING THE INTERNET – Getting on the InternetUSING THE INTERNET – Getting on the Internet
USING THE INTERNET – Getting on the InternetUSING THE INTERNET – Getting on the Internet
SO SHOW ME HOW SO SHOW ME HOW TO GET TO GET ON THE ON THE
INTERNET!INTERNET!
You have seen it a million times on TV. The You have seen it a million times on TV. The announcer says “For more information go to our announcer says “For more information go to our website”; then you see this funny sentence at the website”; then you see this funny sentence at the bottom of the screen that starts off with a bottom of the screen that starts off with a “www.”“www.” and ends with a and ends with a “.com”“.com” and a strange name in and a strange name in between – between – what does that mean?what does that mean?When a company wants to be on the internet they When a company wants to be on the internet they are given a specific address called their website are given a specific address called their website address (home page). This address usually starts address (home page). This address usually starts with a with a www.www. (meaning (meaning wworld orld wwide ide wweb), a eb), a namename, , then then “.com”“.com” (for “ (for “comcommercial”). If the group is not mercial”). If the group is not a commercial enterprise (like a charity), it could a commercial enterprise (like a charity), it could end in end in “.org”“.org” (for “ (for “orgorganization”), anization”), “.edu”“.edu” (for (for edueducation), or cation), or “.gov”“.gov” (for “ (for “govgovernment”).ernment”).
USING THE INTERNET – Website AddressesUSING THE INTERNET – Website Addresses
USING THE INTERNET – Website AddressesUSING THE INTERNET – Website Addresses
To access a specific website, you need to enter To access a specific website, you need to enter the correct address in the browser’s the correct address in the browser’s address address box.box.When you enter this address, you must enter the When you enter this address, you must enter the address characters address characters exactly as you see itexactly as you see it – no – no spaces, and type all the characters (e.g. spaces, and type all the characters (e.g. @@, , --, , //,, _ _ etc.)etc.)Lets say we wanted to go to a popular search Lets say we wanted to go to a popular search engine website like “Google.” In the address box engine website like “Google.” In the address box you would type: you would type: www.google.comwww.google.com and press the and press the “enter” key on the keyboard.“enter” key on the keyboard.
USING THE INTERNET – BAR’s WebsiteUSING THE INTERNET – BAR’s Website
BAR’s website has a lot of useful information BAR’s website has a lot of useful information for Smog Check technicians and stations. for Smog Check technicians and stations. The site has been recently been updated, The site has been recently been updated, and some new features were added. This site and some new features were added. This site can provide you with information that can can provide you with information that can assist you in performing an inspection. Some assist you in performing an inspection. Some of this site’s information is not available on of this site’s information is not available on any other website.any other website.So let’s take a look at some of the So let’s take a look at some of the information that is available:information that is available:
Accessing Manufacturer Websites - TSBs
Accepted engine performance/emission Accepted engine performance/emission failure diagnostic procedures require the failure diagnostic procedures require the technician to check (early on in the technician to check (early on in the process) for process) for TTechnical echnical SService ervice BBulletins ulletins ((TSBTSBs)- usually after checking for s)- usually after checking for Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs). Often, Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs). Often, the most up-to-date source for these the most up-to-date source for these TSBs is the manufacturer’s website.TSBs is the manufacturer’s website.Today, these websites can be accessed Today, these websites can be accessed by the technician via the internet, for a by the technician via the internet, for a nominal fee (and in some cases for free!)nominal fee (and in some cases for free!)
Q: So how can a TSB help me?Q: So how can a TSB help me?Imagine the following situation:Imagine the following situation: A technician has a 2004 1.6L Hyundai A technician has a 2004 1.6L Hyundai AccentAccent that has the followingthat has the following DTC: DTC: P0130P0130 (oxygen sensor malfunction). Without (oxygen sensor malfunction). Without Checking for TSBs, the tech incorrectly Checking for TSBs, the tech incorrectly replaces the Oreplaces the O22 sensor with a new one – sensor with a new one –
same code reappears!same code reappears!WHAT TO DO NOW?WHAT TO DO NOW?
Accessing Manufacturer Websites - TSBs
Accessing Manufacturer Websites - TSBsHad the technician checked the Had the technician checked the manufacturer’s website, he/she would have manufacturer’s website, he/she would have found the following TSB related to this code:found the following TSB related to this code:As you can see, this was not an OAs you can see, this was not an O2 2 sensor sensor failure issue, but an ECM reprogramming failure issue, but an ECM reprogramming issue. Now the shop must suffer the loss of issue. Now the shop must suffer the loss of time and money (Otime and money (O22 sensor was not sensor was not returnable) that resulted from an incorrect returnable) that resulted from an incorrect diagnosis and not following a sound diagnosis and not following a sound diagnostic procedure.diagnostic procedure.
Technical Service BulletinThis bulletin supersedes TSB# 05-36-003-2 to correct DTC code in the title from P0530 to P0503.
Subject: 2000-2004 1.5L & 1.6L ACCENT P0130 (OXYGEN SENSOR) AND P0503 (SPEED SENSOR)
Group: ENGINE ELECTRICALNumber: 06-36-002Date: MAY, 2006Model: 2000-2004 ACCENTDESCRIPTION: Some 2000-2004 Accents with 1.5L SOHC and 1.6L DOHC engines may experience the following symptoms::•DTC P0130 (Oxygen Sensor Malfunction)DTC P0130 (Oxygen Sensor Malfunction)• DTC P0503 (Speed Sensor Malfunction)• Reverse to Drive lurch while rolling backwards (On Automatic Transaxle equipped vehicles only)This bulletin describes the procedure for updating the Engine Control Module (ECM) software to This bulletin describes the procedure for updating the Engine Control Module (ECM) software to improve the above condition by using the Hi-Scan Pro.improve the above condition by using the Hi-Scan Pro.VEHICLES AFFECTED:Model: 2000-2004 ACCENT vehicles with 1.5L SOHC and 1.6L DOHC engines.
Accessing Manufacturer Websites - TSBs
OK, you have convinced me that TSBs have value, but I OK, you have convinced me that TSBs have value, but I have never been to a manufacturer’s (mfg.) website have never been to a manufacturer’s (mfg.) website before, where is it located and how do I access this before, where is it located and how do I access this information?information?It is not as hard as you think, let’s take this process It is not as hard as you think, let’s take this process step-by-step. The first step is to find the specific step-by-step. The first step is to find the specific manufacturer’s webpage address for the vehicle you manufacturer’s webpage address for the vehicle you are working on. are working on. An organization called “The An organization called “The NNational ational AAutomotive utomotive SService ervice TTask ask FForce” has provided a list of mfg. orce” has provided a list of mfg. webpage addresses: webpage addresses: www.nastf.org.www.nastf.org.
So let’s go there now!So let’s go there now!
Accessing Manufacturer Websites - Getting an Email Address
But I don’t have an email address, But I don’t have an email address, how do I get one?how do I get one?You can set up a You can set up a ““freefree”” email account email account at various websites, some of which are: at various websites, some of which are: • www.hotmail.comwww.hotmail.com• www.gmail.comwww.gmail.com• www.yahoo.comwww.yahoo.com
Accessing Manufacturer WebsitesAccessing Manufacturer Websites
Now that you know how to sign Now that you know how to sign up to access a manufacturer’s up to access a manufacturer’s website, let’s explore some the website, let’s explore some the information you might find on a information you might find on a typical website:typical website:
Other Helpful WebsitesOther Helpful Websites
There are many other websites that can assist There are many other websites that can assist a Smog Check technician. One popular website a Smog Check technician. One popular website is the “is the “IInternational nternational AAutomotive utomotive TTechnicians echnicians NNetwork” (www.etwork” (www.I-ATNI-ATN.com). This site’s .com). This site’s ‘standard’‘standard’ membership level is membership level is “free”“free”. Let’s . Let’s take a look at some of the features of this site take a look at some of the features of this site that might be of value:that might be of value:
Note: The Dept. of Consumer Affairs/Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR) does not endorse any one particular website. The information noted in this presentation is provided as a source of information for Smog Check technicians, to assist them in diagnosing and repairing emission failures. BAR does not take any responsibility for the accuracy of a website’s content, nor do the website participants views necessarily reflect those views held by BAR.
If you are interested in adding to your If you are interested in adding to your knowledge of engine performance knowledge of engine performance systems, you might find the following systems, you might find the following websites very useful. websites very useful.
Note:Note: The Dept. of Consumer Affairs/Bureau of The Dept. of Consumer Affairs/Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR) does not endorse any one Automotive Repair (BAR) does not endorse any one particular website. The information noted in this particular website. The information noted in this presentation is provided as a source of information for presentation is provided as a source of information for Smog Check technicians, to assist them in diagnosing Smog Check technicians, to assist them in diagnosing and repairing emission failures. BAR does not take any and repairing emission failures. BAR does not take any responsibility for the accuracy of a website’s content, nor responsibility for the accuracy of a website’s content, nor do the website participants views necessarily reflect do the website participants views necessarily reflect those views held by BARthose views held by BAR..
Other Helpful WebsitesOther Helpful Websiteshttp://www.import-car.com/http://motorage.search-autoparts.com/http://www.motor.com/http://service.gm.com/index_en-US.htmlhttp://www.motorcraft.com/http://www.autoshop101.com/http://www.aeswave.com/Articles/index.htmhttp://www.underhoodservice.com/http://www.wellsmfgcorp.com/index.htmlhttp://www.aa1car.com/library.htmhttp://www.kemparts.com/scripts/141.asphttp://www.smogsite.com/articles.html
INTERNET QUIZINTERNET QUIZQ:Q: What type of program does your PC need What type of program does your PC need
to access the internet?to access the internet?A:A: An internet browser program.An internet browser program.
Q:Q: If you type in this address: If you type in this address:
www.smog check.ca.govwww.smog check.ca.gov in the browser address box, will the in the browser address box, will the system take you to that website? system take you to that website? (look closely)(look closely)
A:A: No, you cannot have spaces in a website No, you cannot have spaces in a website address.address.
INTERNET QUIZINTERNET QUIZ
Q:Q: Name three areas on BAR’s Smog Name three areas on BAR’s Smog Check website that can assist a Check website that can assist a licensed Smog Check technician:licensed Smog Check technician:
A:A: Vehicle test history, BAR Blasts, and Vehicle test history, BAR Blasts, and ARB’s aftermarket parts database.ARB’s aftermarket parts database.
Q:Q:Only dealer techs are allowed to Only dealer techs are allowed to access a manufacturer’s website. access a manufacturer’s website. True True oror FalseFalse??
A:A: FalseFalse, anyone can access their sites., anyone can access their sites.
INTERNET QUIZINTERNET QUIZQ:Q: Name a website where can you find a list Name a website where can you find a list
of vehicle manufacturers websites?of vehicle manufacturers websites?A:A: The “The “NNational ational AAutomotive utomotive SService ervice TTask ask
FForce” website: www.orce” website: www.nastfnastf.org..org.Q:Q: You must own a PC and pay money to a You must own a PC and pay money to a
service provider to get a personal internet service provider to get a personal internet address. address. True True oror False? False?
A:A: False.False. A number of websites will allow you A number of websites will allow you to sign up for email service, and provide to sign up for email service, and provide you with an email address for you with an email address for freefree. .
- INTERNET EXAM -- INTERNET EXAM -Your instructor will now hand out your Your instructor will now hand out your internet, take home, examination. As internet, take home, examination. As noted in the student course syllabus you noted in the student course syllabus you received prior to the start of this course, received prior to the start of this course, you will need to gain access to a PC and you will need to gain access to a PC and complete this examination. Your complete this examination. Your instructor should allow you at least instructor should allow you at least twotwo days to complete this assignment.days to complete this assignment.
-NOTE – NOTE – YOU CANNOT PASS THIS COURSE IF YOU CANNOT PASS THIS COURSE IF
YOU DO NOT COMPLETE THIS YOU DO NOT COMPLETE THIS EXAMINATION!EXAMINATION!
- INTERNET EXAM -- INTERNET EXAM -- NOTE – NOTE –
YOU CANNOT TAKE THE FINAL EXAM UNTIL YOU CANNOT TAKE THE FINAL EXAM UNTIL ALL EXAMINATIONS ARE TURNED IN!ALL EXAMINATIONS ARE TURNED IN!
1.1.Reading quizReading quiz2.2.Internet assignmentsInternet assignments3.3.Lab assignmentsLab assignments
We have computers here if you don’t have access. We have computers here if you don’t have access. Let us know and you can come in early or during the dayLet us know and you can come in early or during the day
****Be sure to bring your smog badge Be sure to bring your smog badge to exam night**to exam night**