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Basic Ecology for Resources
Management
Ani Mardiastuti
Department of Forest Resources Conservation
Faculty of Forestry IPB
Yayasan KEHATI
Why we need to understand ecology?
• Understanding our own environment
• Current problems something ‘wrong’ with the ecosystem
Solving the problems through natural way:
Maintain ecological processes
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Environment
Physical environment Biotic environment
Ecology:
Study of the interactions
between organisms and their environment
Framework of Ecology
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Scales of Ecology
1. Individuals
2. Populations
3. Communities
4. Ecosystem
Organization of Ecosystem
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Ecosystem: A discrete ecological unit
consisting of all of its constituents organisms
and its total environment
“unit ekologi yang terdiri dari lingkungan fisik dan biotik”
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Pyramid of Energy
“the 10% law”
The further along the food chain you go, the less food (and hence energy) remains available.
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“you are what you eat”:
where are you in the trophic level?
Pyramid of Biomass
Most food chains have no more than four or five links
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Pyramid of Numbers
A change in the size of one population in a food chain
will affect other populations
Who is at risk?
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Vulnerable to extinction
Species characteristics:
1. at the top trophic level
2. a very narrow geographical range
3. only one or a few populations
4. population size is small
5. low population density
6. need a large home range
7. have large body size
8. low rates of population increase
Vulnerable to extinction (continued):
9. not disperse effectively
10. Migration habit
11. little genetic variability
12. specialized niche requirements
13. found in stable environment
14. form permanent or temporary aggregations
15. hunted or harvested by people
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Five Fundamental Principles
1. Interdependency (keterkaitan)
2. Harmony (keseimbangan)
3. Diversity (keragaman)
4. Utility (manfaat)
5. Sustainability (kelestarian)
INTERDEPENDENCY everything depends on everything else“
Abiotic Elements
Human
Flora Fauna
Air
Soil Water
Biotic Elements
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Are wee free
from pesticides and other Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) ?
Species Introduction
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Alien sp.
Global Problem : Invasive Alien Species
• Indigenous Species decrease or extinct
Carp vs. trout in US rivers
• Cause problems to human
Water hyacinth (eceng gondok)
Keong emas