BASIC EDUCATION IN BRAZIL
August, 2014
Basic Education in Brazil
The organization of basic education in Brazil is federative
Each federate entity has:
An executive body: Ministry of Education (Union) Department of Education (State, Federal District and Municipalities)
A regulatory body: Council of Education
Basic Education in Brazil
Federal Constitution
Law 9394/96 – LDB
Law 11.494/07 – FUNDEB
Law 8069/90 – ECA
Rules of CNE
Federal Legislation
Basic Education in Brazil
Education as a right
Universal right and duty of the State and family
Social right, to be provided with priority to children and adolescents
Basic Education in Brazil
Basic Education
School Education
Higher Education
Professionaleducation
ContinuingEducation
Basic Education in Brazil
Early Childhood and Pre-primary Education
0 to 3 years (age) in early childhood institutions 4 and 5 years (age) in pre-primary schools
Primary education
From 6 years (age), lasting 9 years
Secondary education
Final level of basic education, lasting at least 3 years
Structure of Basic Education
Basic Education in Brazil
Undergraduate courses
Graduate programs
Extension activities
Sequencial courses
Courses and programs of higher education
Basic Education in Brazil
Duty of the State and parents or guardians
Right of the child and adolescent
CF de 88 (art.208, I and II) :"I - free and compulsory basic education from 4 (four) to 17 (seventeen) years of age, including his offer guaranteed free for all that had no access to it at the proper age;
II - progressive universalization of free secondary education; "Subjective Public Right: Access to compulsory education (CF, art. 208, § 1º)
Compulsory education
Basic Education in Brazil
Municipalities:Primary educationEarly childhood and pre-primary education
Estados/DF:Primary educationSecondary education
Union: Coordination of national policy Normative, redistributive and supplementary functions Technical and financial assistance
Responsabilities
Basic Education in Brazil
Educational Systems at each level of the Federation:
Federal, State and Municipal Systems
Cooperation among systems
Educational Systems
Basic Education in Brazil
Federal State Municipal
Federal institutions
Private
institutions of higher education
Federal agencies
of education
State
institutions
Municipal institutions of higher education
Private
institutions of primary and secondary education
State agencies of education
Municipal
institutions of basic education
Private
institutions of early childhood and pre-primary
education
Municipal agencies of education
Jurisdiction of educational systems
Basic Education in Brazil
Management in Schools:
Democratic management in public education
. participation in the elaboration of the pedagogical project
. participation in school councils or equivalent
The appointment of school principals
The autonomy of schools
Basic Education in Brazil
. Objectives
. Flexibility of organization
. Number of teaching hours
. Curriculum
. Classification and progression
. Evaluation
. Recovery studies
. Control of attendance
Basic education: general characteristics
Basic Education in Brazil
Objectives
Institutions
Evaluation not aiming promotion
Early Childhood and Pre-Primary Education
Basic Education in Brazil
. Duration and objectives
. Continued progression
. Portuguese language and bilingualism
. Classroom teaching
. Religious education
. Full-time education
Primary Education
Basic Education in Brazil
Duration and objectives
Curriculum, methodology and evaluation
Possibility of professional/technical education
Secondary Education
Basic Education in Brazil
Regular
Special Education
Youth and Adult Education
Types of School Education
Basic Education in Brazil
For students with special needs (with disabilities or high skills)
Preferably in the regular education schools
Beginning at the early childhood education
Special Education
Basic Education in Brazil
Adequate educational opportunities to those outside of the proper age
Courses and supplemental examinations
Youth and Adult Education
Basic Education in Brazil
Possibility of access for all
Regular education or continuing education in specialized institutions or in the workplace
Levels primary, secondary and higher
Professional Education
Basic Education in Brazil
Age Population Enrollment Sch. Rate0 a 3 10.636 2.255 21,24 a 5 5.686 4.446 78,2
6 a 14 28.670 28.154 98,215 a 17 10. 445 8.795* 84,218 a 24 22.577 6.987** 30,9
Population and School Enrollment -2012(millions)
Source: IBGE – PNAD 2012
(*) Half of the students from 15 to 17 years still studying at primary school.(**) Almost half of students aged 18 to 24 years still studying in basic education.
Basic Education in Brazil
Level/type Enrollment Administrative Depend. (%)
Public Private
Early Child. 2.730.119 63 37
Pre-primary 4.860.481 75 25
Primary 29.069.281 85 15
Secondary 8.312.815* 87 13
Professional 1.102.661** 40 60
Special 194.421*** 28 72
Y&A Primary 2.447.792 98 2
Y&A Second. 1.324.878 92 8
(*) In high school, 338.390 are studying in integrated vocational education(**) Only subsequent and concomitant professional education(***) Only special schools and special classes. There are 648.921 registrations inclasses of regular schools, 94% of them public.
Source: MEC/INEP – Censo Escolar 2013
Enrollment in Basic Education - 2013
Basic Education in Brazil
Total Public Private
(percentage)
Early Child. 56.019 58 42
Pre-primary 107.320 74 26
Primary 141.260 84 16
Secondary 27.450 71 29
Y&A 37.060 97 3
Special 4.071 56 44
Professional 4.579 40 60
Schools (position 2013)
Basic Education in Brazil
Level of Training Number
Primary 6.438
Secondary 534.404
Higher 1.607.181
Total 2.148.023
Teachers (position 2011):
Basic Education in Brazil
Approval Repetition Dropout
Primary 88,2 9,1 2,7
Secondary 78,7 12,2 9,1
Taxa
Primary – First Grades 15,4
Primary – Last Grades 27,5
Secondary 29,5
Performance Indicators – 2012 (%)
Distortion Age/Grade – 2013 (%)
Basic Education in Brazil
Funding
Constitutional percentage of tax revenue:
. Federal: 18%
. State and Municipal: 25%
Specific contributions: wage-education
Federative collaboration:
Federal programs: . Textbooks . Feeding . Money directly in the school . School transport
Basic Education in Brazil
The Quality of School Education
The National Assessment of Education System (SAEB)
The standardized tests
The Index of Basic Education Development (IDEB)
Basic Education in Brazil
ABC Test - 2012Children at Satisfactory
Level (%)
Literacy of children: 2nd and 3rd grades of primary education(up to age 8)
2nd Gr. 3rd Gr.Reading 26,2 44,5Writing 14,0 30,1Mathematics 14,3 33,3
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Basic Education in Brazil
NP adequado = 200
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Basic Education in Brazil
Satisfactory PL= 275
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Basic Education in Brazil
Satisfactory PL = 300
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Basic Education in Brazil
Satisfactory PL = 225
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Basic Education in Brazil
Satisfactory PL = 300
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Basic Education in Brazil
Satisfactory PL = 350
Basic Education in Brazil
Mean Reading Mathemat. Sciences
2012 402 410 391 405
2009 401 412 386 405
2006 384 393 370 390
2003 383 403 356 390
2000 368 396 334 375
BRAZIL – PISA Results – 2000 – 2012
2012: OECD average = 497; United States average= 492 Brazil in the 57th position among 65 countries
Basic Education in Brazil
Primary5th Grade
Primary9th Grade
Secondary3rd Grade
2005 2007 2009 2011 2005 2007 2009 2011 2005 2007 2009 2011
Total 3,8 4,2 4,6 5 3,5 3,8 4 4,1 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,6
Public 3,6 4 4,4 4,7 3,2 3,5 3,7 3,9 3,1 3,2 3,4 3,7
State 3,9 4,3 4,9 5,1 3,3 3,6 3,8 3,9 3 3,2 3,4 3,7
Munic. 3,4 4 4,4 4,7 3,1 3,4 3,6 3,8 - - - -
Private 5,9 6 6,4 6,5 5,8 5,8 5,9 6 5,6 5,6 5,6 5,6
BRASIL – IDEB RESULTS – 2005 - 2011
The means, however, do not report the distribution profile of student outcomes:
In the 5th year of primary education, 60% and 64% do not reachthe expected performance Portuguese and Mathematics, respectively.
In the 9th year of primary education, 73% and 83%, respectively.
In the 3rd year of secondary education, 81% and 90%, respectively.
Basic Education in Brazil
The National Plan of Education ( 2014-2023) has goals resolve inequities of patterns:
. school infrastructure
. remuneration and development of education professionals
. pedagogical and curricular organization
. educational management
Diversity according to regional cultural differences and conditions and cost of living are not be perceived as inequality or distortion.
Review the financing pattern of basic education, especially the participation of the Union
Basic Education in Brazil
The Plan establishes an agenda, with guiding principles:
. Demarcation of responsibility for supply and ensuring access
. Characterization of offering quality education:
. Minimum quality standards and guaranteed availability
. Determination of the costs of providing and maintaining
. Determination of the real possibilities of action of each federated entity
. Setting priorities and goals – commitments of governments
. Definition of procedures and strategies for cooperation
. Consolidation of monitoring and evaluation systems
Basic Education in Brazil
Legislation defining commitments, goals and means: Definition of articulated educational responsibility with operational definition of collaboration system.
Determination on priorities, resources, actions and procedures Evaluation.
Renegotiation of funding
Basic Education in Brazil