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BASIC TRAINING
DRAFT FOR TEAM DISCUSSION
Draft, January 30th, 2010
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ELECTRICIT !Fr"# Lat$n% &A#'(r )$*(+
Is a -(n(ra) t(r# that (n."#/a( a ar$(ty "f
/h(n"#(na r(u)t$n- fr"# th( /r((n.( an f)"
"f ()(.tr$. .har-(4 Th(( $n.)u( #any (a$)y
r(."-n$5a')( /h(n"#(na, u.h a )$-htn$n- an tat$.()(.tr$.$ty, 'ut $n a$t$"n, )( fa#$)$ar ."n.(/t, u.h
a th( ()(.tr"#a-n(t$. f$() an ()(.tr"#a-n(t$.
$nu.t$"n4
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E)(.tr$.$ty 6 Tr$$a
E)(.tr$.$ty, fr"# E)(.tr$.u #(an$n- &"f a#'(r+ "r &)$*( a#'(r+ A#'(r ha ()(.tr"tat$. /r"/(rt$(4 7h(n r" "f a#'(r ar( ru''(
$th .at8 fur, th(y attra.t "'9(.t u.h a f(ath(r4
:u#an (r( aar( "f (ff(.t "f ()(.tr$.$ty a far 'a.* a 2;
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ELECTRICIT
Electricity travels in loop
E)(.tr$.$ty tra() $n a .)"( )""/ "r .$r.u$t4 If a .$r.u$t "/(n, th( ()(.tr$.$ty .an8t f)"
Example: When we flip on a light switch, we close a circuit.
the electricity flows through the light and back into the wire.
When we flip the switch off, we open the circuit, no
electricity flows to the light. It flows straight through the
switch.
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STATIC ELECTRICIT
DEI!I"I#!
()(.tr$.$ty /r"u.( 'y fr$.t$"n $ .a))( tat$. ()(.tr$.$ty
E$%&'(E
It a $."(r( .(ntur$( a-" that .(rta$n ty/( "f #at(r$a) "u) #yt(r$"u)y
attra.t "n( an"th(r aft(r '($n- ru''( t"-(th(r4 F"r (a#/)(% aft(r ru''$n- a /$(.( "f
$)* a-a$nt a /$(.( "f -)a, th( $)* an -)a "u) t(n t" t$.* t"-(th(r4 In((,
th(r( a an attra.t$( f"r.( that ."u) '( (#"ntrat( ((n h(n th( t"
#at(r$a) (r( (/arat(4
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ELECTRIC CURRENT
DEI!I"I#!
A f)" "f ()(.tr$.$ty thr"u-h a ."nu.t"r4 E)(.tr$.a) .urr(nt $ a #(aur( "f th( a#"unt "f ()(.tr$.a) .har-( tranf(rr( /(r un$t
t$#(4
)#!D*)"#+
A ."nu.t"r $ a #at(r$a) that .urr(nt
.an /a thr"u-h (a$)y4
E$%&'(E: &E"%(
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ELECTRIC CURRENT
*!I"
E)(.tr$. .urr(nt $ #(aur( $n A#/(r( !A
)*++E!" '%"-
A .urr(nt $)) #"( a)"n- a $r( "r a /ath .a))( a .$r.u$t4
Curr(nt a)ay f)" $n a .)"( )""/ .$r.u$t4 If th( .$r.u$t $ "/(n th( .urr(nt .an n"t
/a thr"u-h4
In th( a'"( $a-ra# $f $t.h $ "/(n( th(n n" .urr(nt $)) f)" $n th( .$r.u$t 4 If $t.h $.)"( th(n .urr(nt f)" an L$-ht 'u)' $)) '( "n4
I!*(%"#+
An $nu)at"r $ a #at(r$a) that .urr(nt .ann"t /a thr"u-h (a$)y4
E$%&'(E % )at$.
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TES OF CURRENT
Th(r( ar( t" ty/( "f .urr(nt4
14 D$r(.t Curr(nt
24 A)t(rnat$n- Curr(nt
Direct )urrent
E)(.tr$. .urr(nt that f)" $n "n( $r(.t$"n $ .a))( $r(.t .urr(nt4
Curr(nt #"$n-
$n "n( $r(.t$"n
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DIRECT CURRENT
Euation
E@uat$"n r()at( t" th( $#/)( $r(.t .urr(nt $ #hm/s law.
Oh# )a tat( that th( .urr(nt thr"u-h a ."nu.t"r '(t((n t" /"$nt $ $r(.t)y
/r"/"rt$"na) t" th( /"t(nt$a) $ff(r(n.( "r ")ta-( a.r" th( t" /"$nt, an
$n(r()y /r"/"rt$"na) t" th( r($tan.( '(t((n th(#4
I012+
")ta-( a.r" th( .$r.u$t
Un$t% ")tI Direct )urrent thr"u-h th( .$r.u$t
*nit : %mperes
RR($tan.( "f th( .$r.u$t
*nit: Oh#!H
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RESISTANCE
+esistance
A r($t"r $ a t"6t(r#$na) ()(.tr"n$. ."#/"n(nt that /r"u.( a ")ta-( a.r" $tt(r#$na) that $ /r"/"rt$"na) t" th( ()(.tr$. .urr(nt thr"u-h $t4
an ()(.tr$.a) ."#/"n(nt that r($t th( f)" "f ()(.tr$.a) .urr(nt
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ALTERNATING CURRENT
Definition
A f)" "f ()(.tr$.$ty h$.h r(a.h( #a$#u# $n "n( $r(.t$"n, (.r(a( t" 5(r", th(nr((r( $t()f an r(a.h( #a$#u# $n th( "//"$t( $r(.t$"n4 Th( .y.)( $ r(/(at(
."nt$nu"u)y4
tarting from 3ero
+eaches to its maximum value
reuencyTh( nu#'(r "f .y.)( /(r (."n $ .a))( fr(@u(n.y4 Stanar Fr(@u(n.$( ar(
0 :54 !(4-4 $n a*$tan th( tanar fr(@u(n.y $ 0 :5
*nits
:(rt5 !:5
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CIRCUIT
DEI!I"I#!
A .urr(nt #"( a)"n- a $r( "r a /ath .a))( a .$r.u$t4
Th(r( ar( t" ty/( "f .$r.u$t4
14 S(r$( C$r.u$t
24 ara))() C$r.u$t
E+IE )I+)*I"
4 A .$r.u$t that ha "n)y "n( /athf"r th( .urr(nt $ .a))( (r$( .$r.u$t4
Curr(nt #"$n- $n
"n( $r(.t$"n
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CIRCUIT
'%+%((E( )I+)*I"
A /ara))() .$r.u$t ha #"r( than "n( /ath f"r .urr(nt t" tra()4
Curr(nt
Curr(nt #"$n- $n
"n( $r(.t$"n
Curr(nt #"$n- $n
"th(r $r(.t$"n
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OEN CIRCUIT
Definition
O/(n .$r.u$t $ an $n."#/)(t( .$r.u$t $n h$.h n" .urr(nt f)", $n "th(r "r .urr(nt$)) '( 5(r"4
In "/(n .$r.u$t th( r($tan.( $ #a$#u# "r $nf$n$t(4
Th( C$r.u$t $ O/(n4
Th( Curr(nt 7$)) '(
5(r"
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MEASURING CURRENT
-ow we should insert probes in D&& Improve44444
R( r"'( $n(rt$"n /"$nt B)a.* r"'( $n(rt$"n /"$nt
N"t( that th(r( ar( 3= ".*(t f"r th( /r"'(, (/(n$n- "n
th( #"()4 Th( r( /r"'( #ay n(( t" '( $n(rt( $n $ff(r(nt
".*(t t" #(aur( ")ta-( an .urr(nt4
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MEASURING CURRENT4
7( .an #(aur( th( .urr(nt 'y u$n- th( D$-$ta) Mu)t$ M(t(r !DMM I#/r"(
14 S(t y"ur #(t(r t" KAMK
24 M"( y"ur /r"'( t" th( ."rr(.t h")( "n th( #(t(r4 Th$ $ th( #"t ."##"n
#$ta*( /("/)( #a*( '(.au( th(y "nt r(a)$5( that th( r( an ')a.* $r( /r"'(
#ut '( /)u--( $nt" th( ."rr(.t h")( "n th( DMM t" #(aur( .urr(nt4
34 D" n"t (.(( th( .urr(nt rat$n- "f y"ur DMM $-$ta) #u)t$ #(t(r4 It $)) ')" a fu(4
)a.( DMM $n (r$(
F"r .urr(nt #(aur(#(nt
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S:ORT CIRCUIT
Definition A )" r($tan.( ."nn(.t$"n (ta')$h( '(t((n t" /"$nt $ .a))( h"rt .$r.u$t4
In h"rt .$r.u$t r($tan.( $ #$n$#u# "r 5(r" an .urr(nt $ #a$#u#4
Curr(nt $)) n"t f)" thr"u-h R1
It $)) f)" thr"u-h th( h"rt /ath
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OLTAGE "r OTENTIAL
")ta-( $ a r(/r((ntat$"n "f th( ()(.tr$. /"t(nt$a) (n(r-y /(r un$t .har-(4 If a un$t "f()(.tr$.a) .har-( (r( /)a.( $n a )".at$"n, th( ")ta-( $n$.at( th( /"t(nt$a) (n(r-y
"f $t at that /"$nt4 In "th(r "r, $t $ a #(aur(#(nt "f th( (n(r-y ."nta$n( $th$n
an ()(.tr$. f$(), "r an ()(.tr$. .$r.u$t, at a -$(n /"$nt
*nit
Th( un$t "f th( ")ta-( $ OLT !
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MEASURING OLTAGE
S(t th( DMM /r"'( "n ")ta-(4
elect a range$th a #a$#u# -r(at(r than y"u (/(.t th( r(a$n- t" '(4 )onnect the meter, #a*$n- ur( th( )(a ar( th( ."rr(.t ay r"un4
Digital meters can be safely connected in reverse, but an analogue meter may
be damaged.
If the reading goes off the scale:$##($at()y $."nn(.t an ()(.t a h$-h(r ran-(4
")ta-( $ a)ay #(aur( $n /ara))()4
S(tt$n- at
)a.$n- th( DMMara))() t" R', t"
F$n th( ")ta-(
A.r" R'
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SINGLE :ASE
ingle 'hase
DE: S$n-)( /ha( /"(r yt(# ar( (f$n( 'y ha$n- an AC "ur.( $th "n)y "n(")ta-( a(f"r#4
In ()(.tr$.a) (n-$n((r$n-, $n-)( /ha( ()(.tr$. /"(r r(f(r t" th( $tr$'ut$"n "f
a)t(rnat$n- .urr(nt ()(.tr$. /"(r u$n- a yt(# $n h$.h a)) th( ")ta-( "f th(
u//)y ary $n un$"n4 S$n-)(6/ha( $tr$'ut$"n $ u( h(n )"a ar( #"t)y
)$-ht$n- an h(at$n-, $th f( )ar-( ()(.tr$. #"t"r4 A $n-)(6/ha( u//)y ."nn(.t(
t" an a)t(rnat$n- .urr(nt ()(.tr$. #"t"r "( n"t /r"u.( a r(")$n- #a-n(t$. f$()
$n-)(6/ha( #"t"r n(( a$t$"na) .$r.u$t f"r tart$n-, an u.h #"t"r ar(
un."##"n a'"( 10 "r 20 *7 $n rat$n-
S$n-)( ha(
C$r.u$t
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T:REE :ASE
Definition
A .$r.u$t ."n$t$n- "f thr(( $ff(r(nt $n( a( .urr(nt f)", $ff(r(nt $n /ha( 'y
120 (-r(( fr"# (a.h "th(r4
"hree 'hase Diagram
5lock Diagram
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T:REE :ASE
5alanced "hree 'hase
If th( ")ta-( "ur.( ha( th( a#( a#/)$tu( an fr(@u(n.y an ar( "ut "f /ha(
$th (a.h "th(r 'y 120", th( ")ta-( ar( a$ t" '( 'a)an.(4
5alanced phase voltagesar( (@ua) $n #a-n$tu( an "ut "f /ha( $th (a.h "th(r 'y
120"
"hree 'hase
an, 'n an .n ar(
")ta-( $th r(/(.t
T" -r"un
0=++cnbnan
VVV
cnbnan VVV ==
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T:REE :ASE
Th(r( ar( t" /"$')( thr(( /ha( )"a ."nf$-urat$"n4
14 7y( !Star = C"nn(.t(
24 D()ta 6 C"nn(.t(
Wye 6 )onnected ource
1an, 1bn and 1cn are three loads connected in 789 shape. "hat/s why it is called
Wye 6 )onnected ource
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T:REE :ASE
Wye 6 )onnected (oad
=>, =? and =@ are three loads connected in 789 shape. "hat/s why it is
called Wye 6 )onnected (oad
Impedance1, 2 an ar( $#/(an.(, $#/(an.( .an '( (f$n( a %
% materialAs opposition to the flow of electric currentB measured in ohms
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T:REE :ASE
Delta 6 )onnected (oad
In the above diagram =c, =b and =b are connected in shape of delta ;
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T:REE :ASE
Difference 5etween tar 2 delta
In ()ta ."nn(.t$"n th(r( ar( thr(( /ha( an n" n(utra) 'ut $n tar ."nn(.t$"n th(r(
ar( thr(( /ha( an "n( n(utra)4 In $tr$'ut$"n yt(#, ( n(( 220110
u//)y !a ( r(@u$r( 220110 f"r "#(t$. u//)y h$.h $ '(t((n /ha( an th(
n(utra) "n)y " u( tar4
D()ta ."nn(.t$"n .an /r"$( "n)y /ha( t" /ha( ")ta-( an Star ."nn(.t$"n .an
/r"$( ha( t" /ha( an /ha( t" n(utra) ")ta-( h$.h $ 14;32!un(rth(r""t3t$#( )( than th( /ha( t" /ha( ")ta-(4
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7: S:OULD 7EREFER T:REE :ASE
A thr((6/ha( yt(# $ -(n(ra))y #"r( (."n"#$.a) than "th(r '(.au( $t u( )(
."nu.t"r #at(r$a) t" tran#$t ()(.tr$. /"(r than (@u$a)(nt $n-)(6/ha(
In a thr((6/ha( yt(#, thr(( .$r.u$t ."nu.t"r .arry thr(( a)t(rnat$n- .urr(nt !"f
th( a#( fr(@u(n.y h$.h r(a.h th($r $ntantan("u /(a* a)u( at $ff(r(nt t$#(4
Ta*$n- "n( ."nu.t"r a th( r(f(r(n.(, th( "th(r t" .urr(nt ar( ()ay( $n t$#( 'y
"n(6th$r an t"6th$r "f "n( .y.)( "f th( ()(.tr$.a) .urr(nt4 Th$ ()ay '(t((n
/ha( ha th( (ff(.t "f -$$n- ."ntant /"(r tranf(r "(r (a.h .y.)( "f th(
.urr(nt, an a)" #a*( $t /"$')( t" /r"u.( a r"tat$n- #a-n(t$. f$() $n an ()(.tr$.#"t"r
Thr((6/ha( yt(# #ay "r #ay n"t ha( a n(utra) $r(4 A n(utra) $r( a))" th(
thr((6/ha( yt(# t" u( a h$-h(r ")ta-( h$)( t$)) u//"rt$n- )"(r6")ta-( $n-)(6
/ha( a//)$an.(4 In h$-h6")ta-( $tr$'ut$"n $tuat$"n, $t $ ."##"n n"t t" ha( a
n(utra) $r( a th( )"a .an $#/)y '( ."nn(.t( '(t((n /ha( !/ha(6/ha(
."nn(.t$"n
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ALICATIONS OF T:REE :ASE
Ma9"r a//)$.at$"n "f thr(( /ha( yt(# ar( -$(n a un(r%
14 M"t"r
24 G(n(rat"r
34 Tranf"r#(r
Example
Thr((6/ha( yt(# .an /r"u.( a #a-n(t$. f$() that r"tat( $n a /(.$f$(
$r(.t$"n, h$.h $#/)$f$( th( ($-n "f ()(.tr$. #"t"r4 M"t"r r"tat( $n /ha( t"
/ha( an $f ( (( at th( na#( /)at( "f #"t"r $t $)) h" th( ")ta-( a >04
Thr(( ha( M"t"r
Inn(r $( "f "r*$n-
Thr(( ha( M"t"r
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O7ER
Definition
E)(.tr$.a) /"(r $ th( rat( at h$.h ()(.tr$.a) (n(r-y $ ."n(rt( t" an"th(r f"r#,u.h a #"t$"n an h(at4
*nit
Th( y#'") "f /"(r $ &+ an un$t "f /"(r $ &att+, y#'")$5( 'y &7+
ormulae
In a DC .$r.u$t, a "ur.( "f ")t, ()$(r$n- &I+ a#/(r(, /r"u.( Patt
a.."r$n- t" th( f"r#u)a%
= I#ther formulae of measuring 'ower
7h(n a .urr(nt "f &I+ a#/(r( /a( thr"u-h a r($tan.( "f &R "h#, th(n th(
/"(r $n att $$/at( "r ."n(rt( 'y that ."#/"n(nt $ -$(n 'y%
P I2R
7h(n a /"t(nt$a) $ff(r(n.( "f V")t a//(ar a.r" a ."#/"n(nt ha$n- a
r($tan.( "f &R"h#, th(n th( /"(r $n att $$/at( "r ."n(rt( 'y that
."#/"n(nt $ -$(n 'y% P 2R
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GROUND
Definition
In ()(.tr$.a) (n-$n((r$n-, -r"un "r (arth $ th( r(f(r(n.( /"$nt $n an ()(.tr$.a) .$r.u$t
fr"# h$.h "th(r ")ta-( ar( #(aur(, "r a ."##"n r(turn /ath f"r ()(.tr$. .urr(nt,
"r a $r(.t /hy$.a) ."nn(.t$"n t" th( Earth4
Euipment Crounding
Th( (@u$/#(nt h$.h ha( #(ta) .a( ar( ty/$.a))y -r"un( 4 In th$ .a( th( #(ta)
(n.)"ur( $ -r"un( t" th( -r"un4Th(r( ar( "#( (@u$/#(nt $th #(ta) .a(, h$.h $ n"t -r"un(4 In th"( .a(
th( #(ta) .a( $ Kf)"at$n-K !n"t ."nn(.t( t" -r"un4 Th$ arran-(#(nt $ /"$')(
an af( $f ((ryth$n- $n$(th( (@u$/#(nt $ "u')( $nu)at(4
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GROUND
hielded Cround
In "r(r t" (nur( r()$a')( "/(rat$"n $n a "r) h(r( ()(.tr$.a) ($.( ar(((ryh(r(, th( .$r.u$t "f (n$t$( ($.( #ut '( h$()( a-a$nt "ut$(
$nt(rf(r(n.(4 Ra$" Fr(@u(n.y !RF a( that tra() thr"u-h th( a$r ar( $nt(nt$"na))y
"r un$nt(nt$"na))y -(n(rat( 'y a $( ar$(ty "f ()(.tr$.a) ($.(4 Th(( $n.)u(
."#/ut(r, ()(.tr$. #"t"r, an #any "th(r4 RF Int(rf(r(n.( "..ur h(n RF
$-na) un$nt(nt$"na))y -(n(rat( 'y "n( ($.( ar( un$nt(nt$"na))y r(.($( 'y
an"th(r ($.( $n u.h a ay that th(y $nt(rf(r( $th th( ."rr(.t "/(rat$"n "f th(
r(.($$n- ($.(4 In h$()( -r"un$n- ( a)ay -r"un th( h$() "f th( .a')( t"
r(u.( th( un($r( $-na)4
Cround wire is connected on one end of the panel only.
Or$-$na) Ca')(
Gr"un$n- $r(
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C"#/"n(nt I(nt$f$.at$"n Q D(ta$)4
In th( n(t f( )$(, ( $)) $n/(.t a ty/$.a)."ntr") /an() t" un(rtan hat (@u$/#(nt $
$nta))( $n$( th( /an()4
7( $)) a)" $.u th( 'a$. .hara.t(r$t$. "f
"#( "f th( $nta))( ."#/"n(nt4
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ANEL BASIC COMONENTS
14C$r.u$t Br(a*(r
an() L$-ht
C"")$n- Fan
;4an() $(
C"ntr"))(r
>47$r$n- Du.t
24T(r#$na) B)".*
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BASIC COMONENTS
)ircuit 5reakers
A .$r.u$t'r(a*(r $ an aut"#at$.a))y6"/(rat( ()(.tr$.a) $t.h ($-n( t" /r"t(.t an()(.tr$.a) .$r.u$t fr"# a#a-( .au( 'y "(r)"a "r h"rt .$r.u$t4 It 'a$. fun.t$"n $
t" (t(.t a fau)t ."n$t$"n an, 'y $nt(rru/t$n- ."nt$nu$ty, t" $##($at()y $."nt$nu(
()(.tr$.a) f)"4 Un)$*( a fu(, h$.h "/(rat( "n.( an th(n ha t" '( r(/)a.(, a
.$r.u$t 'r(a*(r .an '( r((t !($th(r #anua))y "r aut"#at$.a))y t" r(u#( n"r#a)
"/(rat$"n4
"ypes #f )ircuit 5reaker
14 L" ")ta-( C$r.u$t Br(a*(r
24 M$n$atur( C$r.u$t Br(a*(r
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BASIC COMONENTS
"erminal 5locks
A ($.( that 9"$n $r( "r .a')(4 T(r#$na) ')".* ty/$.a))y na/ $nt" a #(ta) ra$) "r
ar( .r(6#"unt( "n th( /an() "f a ."ntr") (n.)"ur(4
T(r#$na) ')".* r(@u$r( n" $r( /r(/arat$"n (.(/t tr$//$n- an ar( (a$)y $nta))(
$th a .r(r$(r4 T(r#$na) ')".* a..(/t a $( ran-( "f A7G $r( $5(, /r"$(
r(ay h""*u/ "f $r( fr"# $ff(r(nt ."#/"n(nt, an (nur( fat
$."nn(.t$"nr(."nn(.t$"n ur$n- #a$nt(nan.( an tr"u')(h""t$n-4
T(r#$na) '"$( "ft(n ar( #a( fr"# a ."//(r a))"y that ha th( a#( (/an$"n."(ff$.$(nt a $r(4 Th$ /r((nt )""(n$n- '(t((n #(ta) $th $ff(r(nt th(r#a)
(/an$"n rat( an )"(r ."nta.t r($tan.(4 C"rr"$"n, n"r#a))y .au( 'y
()(.tr")yt$. a.t$"n '(t((n t" $ff(r(nt #(ta), $ a)" ()$#$nat(4
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BASIC COMONENTS
"ypes of "erminal 5locks
>. usible "erminal 5locks
?. !ormal "erminal 5locks
usible "erminal 5lock
S/(.$a) t(r#$na) ')".* ."#'$n( $#/)( t(r#$nat$"n $th "th(r fun.t$"n f"un $n th(
."ntr") /an() u.h a fu$n- an $."nn(.t4 Fu$')( t(r#$na) ')".* ar( $()y u(
an -(n(ra))y ."nta$n f(rru)( fu( rat( at 3 t" < A, a)th"u-h "#( ($.( ."nta$n
u/ t" 306A fu(4 S/(.$a) t(r#$na) ')".* #ay a)" $n."r/"rat( .$r.u$t that /(rf"r#
$ua) annun.$at$"n, ur-( u//r($"n, an ")ta-( r(-u)at$"n4
!ormal "erminal 5locks
Th( "r*$n- "f n"r#a) t(r#$na) ')".* $ )$*( fu$')( t(r#$na) ')".*, $n fu$')( t(r#$na)
')".* ( .an $")at( th( $r$n- 'y ta*$n- "ut th( fu( "n)y4 But $n n"r#a) t(r#$na)
')".* ( ha( t" ta*( "ut th( $r( f"r $."nn(.t$n- that /art$.u)ar ."nn(.t$"n4
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BASIC COMONENTS
'ower upply
"(r u//)y $ a r(f(r(n.( t" a "ur.( "f ()(.tr$.a) /"(r4 A ($.( "r yt(# thatu//)$( ()(.tr$.a) "r "th(r ty/( "f (n(r-y t" an "ut/ut )"a "r -r"u/ "f )"a $
.a))( a /"(r u//)y un$t "r SU4 Th( t(r# $ #"t ."##"n)y a//)$( t" ()(.tr$.a)
(n(r-y u//)$(4
We use 'ower upplies as under
>. %c2 Dc upply
?. Dc2dc supply
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BASIC COMONENTS
uses
Fu( !fr"# th( Lat$n KfuuK #(an$n- t" #()t $ a ty/( "f Sa.r$f$.$a) ($.( O(r.urr(nt /r"t(.t$"n ($.(4 It ((nt$a) ."#/"n(nt $ a #(ta) $r( "r tr$/ that #()t
h(n t"" #u.h .urr(nt f)", h$.h $nt(rru/t th( E)(.tr$.a) n(t"r* $n h$.h $t $
."nn(.t(4 Sh"rt6.$r.u$t, "(r)"a "r ($.( fa$)ur( $ "ft(n th( r(a"n f"r (.($(
.urr(nt4
'urpose of uses
Th( /ur/"( "f a fu( $ t" "/(n an ()(.tr"n$. .$r.u$t h(n .urr(nt f)" (.(( a.(rta$n a#"unt, (t(r#$n( 'y th( rat$n- "f th( fu(4 O/(n$n- a .$r.u$t un(r h$-h
.urr(nt ."n$t$"n .an a( ()(.tr"n$. ."#/"n(nt fr"# a#a-( an /r((nt
"(rh(at$n-, h$.h ."u) .au( a f$r(4
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FUSES TES
Th(r( ar( t" 'a$. ty/( "f fu(
14 Fat A.t$n-
24 S)" B)"
ast %cting use
Th( fat a.t$n- ty/( $)) "/(n (ry @u$.*)y h(n th($r /art$.u)ar .urr(nt rat$n- $
(.(((4 Th$ $ $#/"rtant f"r ana)"- #(t(r #"(#(nt, h$.h .an @u$.*)y '(
(tr"y( h(n t"" #u.h .urr(nt f)" thr"u-h th(#, f"r ((n a (ry #a)) a#"unt
"f t$#(4
ast %cting use
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FUSES TES
low 5low
S)" ')" fu( ha( a ."$)( ."ntru.t$"n $n$(4 Th(y ar( ($-n( t" "/(n "n)y "na ."nt$nu( "(r)"a, u.h a a h"rt .$r.u$t4 Th( /ur/"( "f ."$)( ."ntru.t$"n $ t"
/r((nt th( fu( fr"# ')"$n- "n 9ut a t(#/"rary .urr(nt ur-(
low 5low use
Description
D" n"t u( a )" ')" fu( $n /)a.( "f a fat a.t$n- fu(4 It #ay n"t "/(n fat
(n"u-h t" /r((nt ."#/"n(nt a#a-( un(r a h$-h .urr(nt ."n$t$"n4 It8 n"t
har#fu) t" r(/)a.( a )" ')" fu( $th a fat6a.t$n- fu(, 'ut $t $)) /r"'a')y "/(n
u/ unn(.(ar$)y ((ry n" an th(n h(n th( (@u$/#(nt $ f$rt $t.h "n4 A ')"n
fu( .an t()) y"u "#(th$n- a'"ut y"ur (r$.( /r"')(#4 Oft(n th( -)a .a( "f th(
fu( a//(ar .)(ar, an y"u .an t$)) (( th( 'r"*(n /$(.( "f th( fu( ()(#(nt4 Th$#(an y"u ha( th( *$n "f /r"')(# that .au( a )", -raua) "(r)"a "n th(
/"(r u//)y4 S"#( fu( ((n $( "f ") a-(4 But $f th( $n$( "f th( -)a fu( $
$.")"r(, an th(r( $ n" tra.( "f th( fu( ()(#(nt !th( .(nt(r ."nn(.t"r, y"u
*n" that th( .(nt(r ."nn(.t"r a (tr"y( @u$.*)y an $")(nt)y, u$n- a )"t "f
h(at4 Th( fau)t a a h"rt .$r.u$t "r "th(r /r"')(# that .au( a )"t "f .urr(nt t" f)"
(ry @u$.*)y4
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Ty/$.a) Fu( a)u( u( $n "ur /r"9(.t
%pplication 1alue m% $-$ta) $n/ut #"u)(4
Th( $nt(rna) .$r.u$try an (t(rna) $r$n- $ h"n4
O/t$.a) I")at$"n% U(f"r ()(.tr$. $")at$"n
'(t((n 'a.*/)an( an
$n/ut .ar
RC C$r.u$t% U( f"r
()ay
D$"(% U( t"
/r((nt 'a.*f)"
"f .urr(nt
In/ut M"u)( 1;6IB1> Attr$'ut(
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In/ut M"u)( 1;6IB1> Attr$'ut(
In/ut%
")ta-( .at(-"ry%
O/(rat$n- ")ta-( ran-(%
In/ut ")ta-(, n"#%In/ut ()ay t$#(
Off t" On%
On t" Off%
Curr(nt ra Attr$'ut(
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In/ut M"u)( 1; IB1> Attr$'ut(
R()at$( hu#$$ty%
$'rat$"n%
Sh".*, "/(rat$n-%
Sh".*, n"n6"/(rat$n-%E#$$"n%
ESD I##un$ty%
Ra$at( RF $##un$ty%
EFTB I##un$ty%
Sur-( tran$(nt $##un$ty%
C"nu.t( RF $##un$ty%
O.$))at"ry ur-( $thtan%
IO MODULE OERATION
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IO MODULE OERATION
'ower upply +euirements
D$.r(t( #"u)( uua))y r(.($( /"(r thr"u-h a .ha$ 'a.*/)an( fr"# th(a".$at( .ha$ /"(r u//)y4 In$$ua) #"u)( /(.$f$.at$"n h"u) '( r(f(rr(
t" h$)( (ta')$h$n- th( .urr(nt r(@u$r(#(nt4
Input &odule
An $n/ut #"u)( r(/"n t" an $n/ut $-na) $n th( f"))"$n- #ann(r%
In/ut f$)t(r$n- )$#$t th( (ff(.t "f ")ta-( tran$(nt .au( 'y ."nta.t '"un.( an"r
()(.tr$.a) n"$(4 If n"t f$)t(r(, ")ta-( tran$(nt ."u) /r"u.( fa)( ata4 A)) $n/ut
#"u)( u( $n/ut f$)t(r$n-4 O/t$.a) $")at$"n h$() 'a.*/)an( .$r.u$t an #"u)( )"-$. .$r.u$t fr"# /"$')(
a#a-( u( t" ()(.tr$.a) tran$(nt4
L"-$. .$r.u$t /r".( th( $-na)4
An $n/ut LED turn "n "r "ff $n$.at$n- th( tatu "f th( ."rr(/"n$n- $n/ut ($.(4
IO MODULE OERATION
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IO MODULE OERATION
#utput &odules
An "ut/ut #"u)( ."ntr") th( "ut/ut $-na) $n th( f"))"$n- #ann(r% L"-$. .$r.u$t (t(r#$n( th( "ut/ut tatu4
An "ut/ut LED $n$.at( th( tatu "f th( "ut/ut $-na)4
O/t$.a) $")at$"n (/arat( #"u)( )"-$. an 'a.*/)an( .$r.u$t fr"# th( f$() $-na)4
Th( "ut/ut r$(r turn th( ."rr(/"n$n- "ut/ut "n "r "ff4
D$-$ta) In/ut M"u)(
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D$-$ta) In/ut M"u)(
D$-$ta) "r $.r(t( $-na) '(ha( a
'$nary $t.h(, y$()$n- $#/)y an On
"r Off $-na) !1 "r 0, Tru( "r Fa)(,
r(/(.t$()y4 uh 'utt"n, )$#$t$t.h(, an /h"t"()(.tr$. (n"r
ar( (a#/)( "f ($.( /r"$$n- a
$.r(t( $-na)4
DIGITAL INUT MODULE 7$r$n-
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DIGITAL INUT MODULE 7$r$n-
D$-$ta) Out/ut M"u)(
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D$-$ta) Out/ut M"u)(
D$-$ta) Out/ut M"u)( 1;6OB?
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D$-$ta) Out/ut M"u)( 1; OB?
Sh"n a'"( $ th( $#/)$f$( $a-ra# "f D$-$ta) Out/ut #"u)(
1;6OB?4 Th( $nt(rna) .$r.u$try an (t(rna) $r$n- $ h"n 4
D$"(% U( t" /r((nt
'a.*f)"
MOSFET% U( a a
$t.h$n- ($.(
O/t$.a) I")at$"n% U( f"r
()(.tr$. $")at$"n '(t((n'a.*/)an( an "ut/ut .ar
Out/ut M"u)( 1;6OB? Attr$'ut(
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Out/ut M"u)( 1; OB? Attr$'ut(
Out/ut
")ta-( .at(-"ry%
O/(rat$n- ")ta-( ran-(%
In/ut ")ta-(, n"#%Out/ut ()ay t$#(
Off t" On%
On t" Off%
Curr(nt ra
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R()at$( hu#$$ty%
$'rat$"n%
Sh".*, "/(rat$n-%
Sh".*, n"n6"/(rat$n-%E#$$"n%
ESD I##un$ty%
Ra$at( RF $##un$ty%
EFTB I##un$ty%
Sur-( tran$(nt $##un$ty%
C"nu.t( RF $##un$ty%
O.$))at"ry ur-( $thtan%
Out/ut M"u)( 1; OB? Attr$'ut(
D$-$ta) Out/ut M"u)( 7$r$n-
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- a Ou /u "u ( -
SINING Q SOURCING
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inking
A $n*$n- ($.( /r"$( a /ath f"r th( .urr(nt t" -r"un an $ n"t r(/"n$')( f"r
/"(r$n- th( ($.(4 T(r# u( t" (.r$'( $n*$n- ($.( $n.)u( NN, O/(n
C"))(.t"r, N"r#a))y :$-h, an IEC N(-at$( L"-$.4
S$n*$n- P /r"$( a /ath t" u//)y ."##"n !6
ourcing
A "ur.$n- ($.( /r"$( th( /"(r "r a /"$t$( /"t(nt$a)4 S"ur.$n- ($.( /uh
th( .urr(nt thr"u-h th( )"a4 T(r# u( t" (.r$'( "ur.$n- ($.( $n.)u( N,
O/(n E#$tt(r, N"r#a))y L", an IEC "$t$( L"-$.4
S"ur.$n- P /r"$( a /ath t" u//)y "ur.( !
SINING Q SOURCING
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S$n*$n- an "ur.$n- r(f(r t" th( ty/( "f $-$ta) $n/ut an "ut/ut u(4 A $n*$n-
$-$ta) IO !$n/ut"ut/ut /r"$( a -r"un4 A "ur.$n- $-$ta) IO /r"$( a ")ta-("ur.(4
C"n$(r a $#/)( .$r.u$t that ."n$t "f "n( $-$ta) $n/ut ."nn(.t( t" a $-$ta)
"ut/ut4 Th( .$r.u$t n(( a ")ta-( "ur.(, a -r"un, an a )"a4 A "ur.$n- $-$ta)
IO /r"$( th( ")ta-( n((( f"r th( .$r.u$t4 A $n*$n- $-$ta) IO /r"$( th(
-r"un n((( $n th( .$r.u$t4 Th( $-$ta) $n/ut /r"$( th( )"a r(@u$r( f"r th( .$r.u$t
t" "r*4
F$-ur( h" a $n*$n- $-$ta) "ut/ut that $ ."nn(.t( t" a "ur.$n- $-$ta) $n/ut4 In
th$ .$r.u$t, th( "ur.$n- $-$ta) $n/ut /r"$( th( ")ta-( an th( )"a4 Th( $n*$n-
$-$ta) "ut/ut ."ntr") th( )$n( 'y u$n- a tran$t"r t" )(a( th( )$n( h$-h !at "r t"
-r"un th( )$n( t" 0 4
SINING Q SOURCING
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F$-ur( h" a "ur.$n- $-$ta) "ut/ut that $ ."nn(.t( t" a $n*$n- $-$ta) $n/ut4 In
th$ .$r.u$t, th( "ur.$n- $-$ta) "ut/ut /r"$( th( ")ta-( an th( $n*$n- $-$ta) $n/ut
/r"$( th( )"a an th( -r"un4 Th( $-$ta) "ut/ut ."ntr") th( )$n( 'y u$n- a tran$t"rt" )(a( th( )$n( at 0 "r t" ra$( th( )$n( t" 4
B(.au( y"u n(( '"th a ")ta-( "ur.( an a -r"un $n "r(r t" .r(at( a ."#/)(t(
.$r.u$t, y"u n(( t" ha( a "ur.$n- $n/ut "r "ut/ut ."nn(.t( t" a $n*$n- "ut/ut "r $n/ut4
If y"u $h t" ."nn(.t a "ur.$n- $n/ut t" a "ur.$n- "ut/ut "r a $n*$n- $n/ut t" a $n*$n-
"ut/ut, y"u $)) n(( t" a an a$t$"na) r($t"r
SINGLE ENDED
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S$n-)(6(n($-na)$n- $ th( $#/)(t ."##"n)y u( #(th" "f tran#$tt$n-
()(.tr$.a) $-na) "(r $r(4 On( $r( .arr$( a ary$n- ")ta-( that r(/r((nt th($-na), h$)( th( "th(r $r( $ ."nn(.t( t" a r(f(r(n.( ")ta-(, uua))y -r"un4
DIFFERENTIAL OR NONREFERENCED
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A $ff(r(nt$a), "r n"n6r(f(r(n.(, #(aur(#(nt yt(# ha n($th(r "f $t $n/ut t$( t"
a f$( r(f(r(n.( u.h a (arth "r 'u$)$n- -r"un4 :an6h(), 'att(ry6/"(r($ntru#(nt an ata a.@u$$t$"n ($.( $th $ntru#(ntat$"n a#/)$f$(r ar(
(a#/)( "f $ff(r(nt$a) "r n"n6r(f(r(n.(
Ana)"- "ur.(
Ana)"- In/ut M"u)(
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- /
Ana)"- $-na) ar( )$*( ")u#( ."ntr"),$th a ran-( "f a)u( '(t((n 5(r" an
fu))6.a)(4 Th(( ar( ty/$.a))y $nt(r/r(t(
a $nt(-(r a)u( !."unt 'y th( LC4
r(ur(, t(#/(ratur(, L((), f)", an
($-ht ar( "ft(n r(/r((nt( 'y ana)"-$-na)4 Ana)"- $-na) .an u( ")ta-(
"r .urr(nt$th a #a-n$tu( /r"/"rt$"na)
t" th( a)u( "f th( /r".( $-na)4 F"r
(a#/)(, an ana)"- $-na) #ay '(620 #A"r 0 6 10 $n/ut "r "ut/ut4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-20_mAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-20_mAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage7/25/2019 Basic Training Rev01
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Ana)"- Out/ut M"u)(
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- /
Ana)"-u( Out/ut M"u)( 7$r$n-
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D$a-n"t$. Car Attr$'ut(
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I!'*" )%+D:
Diagnostic change of state
If th( $a-n"t$. .han-( "f tat( f(atur( $ (na')(, a $a-n"t$. $n/ut #"u)( (n n( ata t" th( "n(r6."ntr"))(r h(n
"n( "f th( ((nt (.r$'( $n th( ta')( "..ur4
#pen wire detection
O/(n 7$r( $ u( t" (r$fy th( f$() $r$n- $ ."nn(.t( t" th( #"u)(4 Th( f$() ($.( #ut /r"$( a #$n$#u# )(a*a-(
.urr(nt t" fun.t$"n /r"/(r)y4 A )(a*a-( r($t"r #ut '( /)a.( a.r" th( ."nta.t "f an $n/ut ($.(4 Th( r(u)t$n- .urr(nt $
th(n (/(.t( t" ($t h(n th( $n/ut $ "/(n4 7h(n an O/(n 7$r( ."n$t$"n $ (t(.t(, a /"$nt6)(() fau)t $ (nt t" th(
."ntr"))(r t" $(nt$fy th( (a.t /"$nt fau)t4 Th$ f(atur( ha a ."rr(/"n$n- ta- that .an '( (a#$n( $n th( u(r /r"-ra# $n th(
((nt "f a fau)t4
"opic Description
R(@u(t( /a.*(t $nt(ra) A u(r6(f$n( rat( at h$.h th( #"u)( u/at( th( $nf"r#at$"n (nt t" $t "n(r6."ntr"))(r4 Th$ $ a)" *n"n a Cy.)$. Data Tranf(r4
Chan-( "f tat( C"nf$-ura')( f(atur( that, h(n (na')(, $ntru.t th( #"u)( t" u/at( $t "n(r6."ntr"))(r $th n( ata h(n((r a /(.$f$( $n/ut /"$nt tran$t$"n fr"# On t" Off anOff t" On4 Th( ata $)) '( (nt at th( RI rat( h(r( th(r( $ n" .han-( "f tat(4 By(fau)t, th$ (tt$n- $ a)ay (na')( f"r $n/ut #"u)(4
D$a-n"t$. Chan-( "f Stat( Inf"r#at$"n u/at( h(n any .han-( $n th( $a-n"t$. f"r an $n/ut #"u)( "..ur4
D$a-n"t$. Car Attr$'ut(
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ield power loss detection
F"r th( $a-n"t$. $n/ut #"u)(, f$()6/"(r )" (t(.t$"n $ f"un "n th( 1;6IA?D #"u)( "n)y4 7h(n f$() /"(r t" th(#"u)( $ )"t, a /"$nt )(() fau)t $ (nt t" th( ."ntr"))(r t" $(nt$fy th( (a.t /"$nt fau)t(4
#*"'*" )%+D:
#utput data echo
Dur$n- n"r#a) "/(rat$"n, h(n a /r".("r (n "ut an "ut/ut ."##an t" th( C"ntr")L"-$ yt(#, th( $a-n"t$. "ut/ut
#"u)( that $ tar-(t( f"r that ."##an r(turn th( ."##an( tat( "f th( "ut/ut t" th( yt(#4 Th$ /r".( (r$f$( that
th( #"u)( ha r(.($( th( ."##an an $)) try t" ((.ut( $t4Oth(r ($.( .an u( th$ 'r"a.at $-na) !thr"u-h a )$t(n6"n)y ."nn(.t$"n t" (t(r#$n( th( ($r( tat( "f th( "ut/ut
$th"ut ha$n- t" $nt(rr"-at( th( "n(r6."ntr"))(r4
Th$ f(atur( .ann"t r()ay t" th( yt(# that th( f$()6$( ($.( ."nn(.t( t" th( "ut/ut #"u)( ha ((.ut( th( ."##an4
!o load detection
F"r (a.h "ut/ut /"$nt, n" )"a (t(.t th( a'(n.( "f f$() $r$n- "r a #$$n- )"a fr"# (a.h "ut/ut /"$nt $n th( Off6tat( "n)y4
Th( "ut/ut .$r.u$t "n a $a-n"t$. "ut/ut #"u)( ha a .urr(nt (n$n- "/t"$")at"r u( $n /ara))() $th th( "ut/ut tran$t"r4
Curr(nt f)" thr"u-h th$ (n$n- .$r.u$t "n)y h(n th( "ut/ut $ Off, a h"n $n th( $#/)$f$( $a-ra#4
D$a-n"t$. "ut/ut #"u)( )$t a #$n$#u# )"a .urr(nt /(.$f$.at$"n
!1;6OA?D P 10 #A Q 1;6OB1>D P 3 #A4 In th( On6tat(, th( #"u)( #ut '(
."nn(.t( t" a )"a that $)) ra a #$n$#u# .urr(nt (@ua) t" th(( a)u(4 If
a ."nn(.t( )"a $ $5( $n a.."ran.( $th th( #$n$#u# )"a .urr(nt /(.$f$.at$"n,
$a-n"t$. "ut/ut #"u)( ar( .a/a')( "f (n$n- .urr(nt thr"u-h
th( "/t"$")at"r an th( )"a h(n th( "ut/ut /"$nt $ Off4
D$a-n"t$. Car Attr$'ut(
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ield side output verification
F$()6$( "ut/ut (r$f$.at$"n $nf"r# y"u that )"-$. $( $ntru.t$"n that th( #"u)( ."nu#( ar( a..urat()y r(/r((nt( "nth( /"(r $( "f a $t.h$n- ($.(4 In "th(r "r, f"r (a.h "ut/ut /"$nt, th$ f(atur( ."nf$r# that th( "ut/ut $ On h(n $t $
."##an( t" '( On4
Th( $a-n"t$. "ut/ut #"u)( .an t()) a ."ntr"))(r that $t r(.($( a ."##an an h(th(r th( f$()6$( ($.( ."nn(.t( t"
th( #"u)( ha ((.ut( th( ."##an4 F"r (a#/)(, $n a//)$.at$"n that n(( t" (r$fy that th( #"u)( ha a..urat()y
f"))"( th( /r".("r8 $ntru.t$"n, th( #"u)( a#/)( th( f$()6$( tat( an ."#/ar( $t t" th( yt(#6$( tat(4
Th$ f(atur( ha a ."rr(/"n$n- ta- that .an '( (a#$n( $n th( u(r /r"-ra# $n th( ((nt "f a fau)t4 F"r #"r( $nf"r#at$"n "n
th(( ta-4 If an "ut/ut .ann"t '( (r$f$(, a /"$nt6)(() fau)t $ (nt t" th( ."ntr"))(r4
Diagnostic change of state for output modules
If th( D$a-n"t$. Chan-( "f Stat( f(atur( $ (na')(, a $a-n"t$. "ut/ut #"u)( (n n( ata t" th( "n(r6."ntr"))(r h(n
"n( "f th( ((nt (.r$'( $n th( ta')( "..ur
Un)$*( $a-n"t$. $n/ut #"u)(, th$ f(atur( .ann"t '( $a')( f"r $a-n"t$. "ut/ut #"u)(4 Th(r( $ n" VEna')( Chan-( "f
Stat( f"r D$a-n"t$. Tran$t$"n8 '" at th( '"tt"# "f th( C"nf$-urat$"n ta' t" .h(.* "r un.h(.* f"r $a-n"t$. "ut/ut #"u)(4
"opic Description
R(.($/t "f "ut/ut ata Out/ut #"u)( (n ata h(n $t (.h"( 'a.* t" th( "n(r6."ntr"))(r4
D$a-n"t$. .han-( "f tat( Out/ut #"u)( (n ata h(n any .han-( $n th( $a-n"t$."ut/ut /"$nt "..ur4
D$a-n"t$. Car Attr$'ut(
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'ulse test
u)( t(t $ a f(atur( f"un "n $a-n"t$. "ut/ut #"u)( that .an (r$fy "ut/ut6.$r.u$t fun.t$"na)$ty $th"ut a.tua))y .han-$n-th( tat( "f th( "ut/ut )"a ($.(4 A h"rt /u)( $ (nt t" th( tar-(t( "ut/ut .$r.u$t4 Th( .$r.u$t h"u) r(/"n a $t "u) $f a
r(a) .han-(6"f6tat( ."##an a $u(, 'ut th( )"a ($.( "( n"t tran$t$"n4
Th( ta')( (/)a$n h" a /u)( t(t .an '( u( t" /(rf"r# a /r((#/t$( $a-n"$ "f /"$')( futur( #"u)( ."n$t$"n4
"opic Description
D(t(.t a ')"nfu(
'(f"r( $tha//(n4
Th( B)"n Fu( $a-n"t$. .an '( u( "n)y h(n an "ut/ut #"u)( $ $n th(On tat(4 But $t "u) '( u(fu) t" '( #a( aar( h(n "/(rat$n- ."n$t$"n f"r a #"u)( #ay
.au( a ')"n fu(4If y"u /(rf"r# a /u)( t(t "n th( #"u)( h$)( th( "ut/ut $ $n th( Off tat(, th( "ut/ut /"$nt $."##an( t" '( On 'r$(f)y4 A)th"u-h n" $a-n"t$. '$t ar( (t $n th( "ut/ut ata (.h", th( /u)(t(t r(/"rt a fa$)ur( '(.au( ."n$t$"n h(n th( /"$nt $ On $n$.at( a ')"n fu( ."n$t$"n #ay"..ur
D(t(.t a N" L"a."n$t$"n $th an"ut/ut On4
Th( N" L"a $a-n"t$. .an "n)y (t(.t a fau)t !that $, (t th( N" L"a '$t h(n an "ut/ut /"$nt $$n th( Offtat(4 But y"u #ay f$n $t u(fu) t" '( #a( aar( h(n "/(rat$n- ."n$t$"n f"r that /"$nt #ay
r((a) a /"t(nt$a) N" L"a ."n$t$"n4If y"u /(rf"r# a /u)( t(t "n an "ut/ut /"$nt h$)( $t $ $n th( On tat(, th( "ut/ut /"$nt $."##an( t" '( Off 'r$(f)y4 Th( /u)( t(t r(/"rt a fa$)ur( '(.au( ."n$t$"n h(n th( /"$nt $Off $n$.at( th( /"$')( a'(n.( "f a f$() ($.( $n th$ .a(, th"u-h, th( N" L"a '$t $)) n"t '((t
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