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Technology and SolutionsProtection and Substation Automation
Topic:
BUSBAR
PROTECTION
APPLICATION
BASICS 3BASICS 3
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Topic Objectives
r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones in a double busbar
system
r Current assignment
r Intertripping
r In- and Outputs in a double busbar system
r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones during Load
Transfer
r Load Transfer / Coupler Bypass Functions
r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones in a double busbar
system with section isolators
Objectives
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Single Busbar without coupler
= 1 protection zone
= 1 measurement system
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones (Repetition)
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BB1 BB2
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones (Repetition)
Single Busbar with coupler (2 CTs)
= 2 protection zones
= 2 measurement systems
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BB1 BB2
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones (Repetition)
Single Busbar with coupler (1 CT)
= 2 protection zones
= 2 measurement systems
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
in a double busbar system
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How many protection zonesare included in the system
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
2 protection zones: Zone 1 & Zone 2
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
2 protection zones: Zone 1 & Zone 2
Coupler
current
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To which zone will thecoupler current be assigned
???In which conditions will the
coupler current be assigned???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
Repetition:
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⇒ the coupler current willbe assigned to zone 1 andzone 2, if
- the CB is closed
- the CB close command is active
- there is no active tripping signalfrom the intertripping system
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
2 protection zones: Zone 1 & Zone 2
feeder
current
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To which Zone will thefeeder current be assigned
???In which conditions will the
feeder current be assigned???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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⇒ the feeder current will beassigned to the zonesdepending on the isolator
positions. If - isolator BB1 is closed ⇒ to Zone 1
- isolator BB2 is closed ⇒ to Zone 2
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
2 protection zones: Zone 1 & Zone 2
feeder
current
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Measurement systems
Fault condition /
Tripping
Zone 1
Zone 2
⇒Trip measurement
system 21 2 4 5
3
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Intertripping
Tripping flow chart
TRIP BBP
zone 1
TRIP CB 1
TRIP CB 2
TRIP CB 3
Measurement
systems
Intertripping
system
TRIP BBP
zone 2 TRIP CB 4
TRIP CB 5
CB and
isolator
positions
Only the Intertripping
System „knows“ the
position of theisolators / CBs !!!
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Intertripping
Tripping flow chart
trip all CBs
connected
to zone 2
TRIP BBP
zone 1
TRIP CB 2
Measurement
systems
Intertripping
system
TRIP BBP
zone 2
TRIP CB 1
TRIP CB 3
TRIP CB 4
TRIP CB 5
CB and
isolator
positions
The Intertripping
System will send the
tripping commandsto the CBs depending
on the position of the
isolators !!!
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Supervision of Isolator Position
What is essential for
the current assignment???
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⇒ it must be guaranteed that the position ofthe isolators is correct
If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!
⇒ therefore a supervision must be integratedto detect a undefined Isolator Position
This is realized in the same way as thesupervision of the coupler CB
Supervision of Isolator Position
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isolator
open
= 1
t
isolator
closed
≥1
t > isolator running (from the “open into the “closed”position / from the “closed into the “open” position)
Supervision of Isolator Position
= 1switching
prohibited
isolator alarm
Supervision
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isolator
open
&
isolator
closedinternal:
isolator closed
Also the memory of the position in case of missing aux.
supply is realised in the same way as in the coupler CB
R
S
S
Rinternal:
isolator open
Supervision of Isolator Position
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isolator
open
= 1
t
isolator
closed
≥ 1
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
= 1
switching
prohibited
isolator alarm
as well as the “accept isolator alarm”
R
S
&
isolator alarm
accept
“isolator alarm”
blocking
(opt ional)
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Isolator auxiliary circuits
Isolator
open
Isolator
closed
++
protection
system
NC aux.
contacts
Phase
R
S
T
Phase
R S T
early make
NO aux.
contacts
The closing command (compared to coupler CB) is
not required. Early m ake NO contacts are requiredinstead
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
Load transfer
(or coupler CB bypass)
Load transfer from e.g. busbar 1 to busbar 2
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
How has the situation
changed in case of a loadtransfer
???
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⇒ zone 1 and zone 2 areconnected
⇒ there is only oneprotection zone active
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
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only 1 protection zone is active
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
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e.g.: I1 = 2000 A I2 = 3000 A I3 = 1000 A
Fault condition
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
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What would be thedifferential and
restrained current in thatsituation
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
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∆ I =
=
=
Σ l =
=
=
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
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∆ I = + I1 - I1 + I2 + I3
= + 2000 A - 2000 A + 3000 A + 1000 A
= 4000 A
Σ l = + I1+ - I1 + + I2 + +I3
= + 2000 A + 2000 A + 3000 A + 1000 A
= 8000 A
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
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D i f f e r e n t i a
l c u r r e n
t I d
i f f =
| Σ
I |
Restraint current IRest =Σ
| I |
i n t e
r n a l f a
u l t
no fault
Ikmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
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D i f f e r e n t i a
l c u r r e n
t I d
i f f =
| Σ
I |
Restraint current IRest =Σ
| I |
i n t e
r n a l f a
u l t
no fault
Ikmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
⇒ no trip will occur !!!
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
What “dangerous”situation would be
generated in case of faultcondition (without any
additional logic)
???
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⇒ the coupler current will be assigned 2times to the measurement system:
1 * positive
1 * negative
⇒ one of that current will simulate ancurrent which is flowing out of the
measurement system (external fault)
⇒ this could prevent a trip in case of abusbar fault
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
In case of fault condition
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Coupler functions ΙΙΙ
How can thissituations be avoided
???
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Coupler functions ΙΙΙ
(= coupler blocking)
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⇒ by deactivating of thecurrent measurement in the
coupler in case of CouplerBypass
Coupler functions ΙΙΙ
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Coupler functions ΙΙΙ
Input
Current
signal
CB open Current signal to
measurementsystem
&≥ 1 t
trip from
BBP ≥ 1
CT bypass
~120 ms
t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest
possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time
B b Z & P t ti Z L d T f
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e.g.: I1 = 2000 A I2 = 3000 A I3 = 1000 A
measurement
deactivated
I1 = 0 A
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
B b Z & P t ti Z L d T f
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What would be thedifferential and
restrained current in thatsituation
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
B sbar Zones & Protection Zones Load Transfer
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∆ I =
=
=
Σ l =
=
=
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones Load Transfer
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∆ I = + I1 - I1 + I2 + I3
= + 0 A - 0 A + 3000 A + 1000 A
= 4000 A
Σ l = + I1+ - I1 + + I2 + +I3
= + 0 A + 0 A + 3000 A + 1000 A
= 4000 A
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones Load Transfer
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D i f f e r e n t i a
l c u r r e n
t I d
i f f =
| Σ
I |
Restraint current IRest
= Σ | I |
i n t e
r n a l f a
u l t
no fault
Ikmin
k= 0,85k= 1
0
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones Load Transfer
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D i f f e r e n t i a
l c u r r e n
t I d
i f f =
| Σ
I |
Restraint current IRest
= Σ | I |
i n t e
r n a l f a
u l t
no fault
Ikmin
k= 0,85k= 1
0
⇒ trip will occur !!!
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
in a double busbar system with section isolators
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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How many protection zonesare included in the system
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
4 protection zones: Zone 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
in a double busbar system with section isolators (closed)
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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How many protection zonesare active in the system
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
3 active protection zones: Zone 1, 2A, 2B
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