Bell WorkWednesday 4/17
Look in your book beginning on page 867
to find the answers
• 1. How did WWI help bring about the Russian Revolution?
• 2. What groups made up the Red Army and the White Army?
• 3. Why did the Bolsheviks rename their party the Communist Party?
Revolution and Nationalism
Chapter 30Sections 1 and 2
Section 1-Revolutions in Russia
Czars Resist Change
• Alexander III-– Imposed harsh measures on Russian
citizens which included• Censorship on written documents and
published materials
• Secret police sent to watch schools– Teachers had to send detailed reports on each
student
• Sent political prisoners to Siberia
• Made Russian the official language
• Made Jews the source of persecution
Russia Industrializes• Rapid industrialization changed
the face of Russia’s economy – The number of factories doubled
between 1863 and 1900
– By 1900 Russia was the 4th largest steel producing country
• The Trans-Siberian Railway-Located in Russia it’s considered the worlds longest continuous rail line
Russia Industrializes• The Revolutionary Movement
Grows-– Proletariat-Revolutionary term
meaning that the “workers would rule the country”• Marxist revolutionaries believed that the
industrial class could overthrow the Russian government
– 1903-Marxists split into groups • Mensheviks-Moderate group of Marxists
• Bolsheviks-Radical group willing to give everything for change
Crises at Home and Abroad
• “Bloody Sunday”: The Revolution of 1905-– Jan 22nd, 1905 200,000 workers and
their families approached the Czar’s winter palace • They had a petition asking for:
– Better working conditions, more political freedoms and elected national legislature
• Soldiers fired upon the crowd killing about a thousand and injuring hundreds
The March Revolution
• Soviets-Local councils consisting of workers, peasants and soldiers who held more political power in some cities than the actual provisional government.
The Bolshevik Revolution
• Civil War Rages in Russia-1918-1920– The Bolsheviks faced the challenge of
defeating their enemies at home
– Red Army vs. White Army • Red Army-Made up of the Bolsheviks and
Lenin’s supporters
• White Army-Made up of different groups who either wanted to return to rule under the czar, form a democratic government or just simply hated Lenin’s policies
The Bolshevik Revolution
• Effects of the Russian Civil War-– Nearly 14 million Russians
died from the war and famine
– The Red Army defeated all it’s opponents
– Russia became a state-controlled society
Lenin Restores Order• Lenin’s New Economic Policies-– New Economic Policy (NEP)-• Small-scale version of capitalism –Allowed peasants to sell their
surplus goods instead of giving them to the gov.
• The gov. kept control of major industries, banks and communication but allowed small businesses and farms operate under private ownership
• Communist Party-The Bolsheviks renamed their party this after becoming inspired by the writings of Karl Marx
Lenin on Display
Stalin Becomes Dictator
• Joseph Stalin-– Gained complete control of
the Communist Party by 1928• Described as a cold, hard, and
impersonal.• Took the name Stalin which
means “Man of Steel”
– Stalin removed everyone he saw as a threat to his power including Leon Trotsky who was exiled in 1929
Chapter 30 Section 1 Terms
Bell WorkThursday 4/18
Look in your book beginning on page 874
to find the answers
• 1. What are the key traits of a totalitarian state?
• 2. What are some ways totalitarian rulers keep their power
• 3. How did the Soviet economy change under Stalin?
Section 2-Totalilarianism
A Government of Total Control
• Totalitarianism- Describes a government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life– To achieve this control leaders
often use terror, indoctrination, propaganda, censorship, and religious/ethnic persecution
Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State• Police State-– Stalin used a police state to maintain his power
• They used tanks and armored cars to stop riots, tapped phone lines, read mail, and encouraged kids to tell the gov. if their parents made disloyal remarks
• Great Purge- A campaign of terror designed to eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power – Historians estimate Stalin killed
8 to 13 million people during the Great Purge
Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy
• Command Economy-A system where the gov. made all the economic decisions
• Five Year Plans-– Stalin’s plans for the development of
the Soviet Union’s Economy • Set impossibly high goals for steel, coal,
oil and electricity production – Limited production of consumer goods to
achieve this
Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy
• An Agricultural Revolution-– Collective Farms-Large government
owned farms which produced food for the state• 1928 the gov. confiscated nearly 25
million privately owned farms
• 5 to 10 million people died as a result of protests or persecution
• By 1938 90% of all Russian peasants lived on collective farms
Daily Life Under Stalin• The Good:– Soviet society saw:
• Women’s roles expand
• People becoming better educated
• People mastered new technical skills
• The Bad:– Soviet society saw:
• Personal freedoms limited
• Consumer goods in short supply
• Dissent (complaining) was prohibited
Daily Life Under Stalin
• Women achieved equal rights and saw social advances under Stalin’s Five-Year Plans.– By 1950 women made up
75% of the doctors in the Soviet Union • However they were also
expected to take care of the home and raise loyal Soviet citizens
Chapter 30 Section 2 Terms
Bell WorkFriday 4/19
Look in your book beginning on page 867
to find the answers
• 1. Why did Stalin force Trotsky into exile? (Sec 1)
• 2. Why did Stalin limit the production of consumer goods? (Sec 2)
• 3. Why wouldn’t people be excited about living on a collective farm? (Sec 2)
Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review
Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review
Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review
Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review
Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review
Chapter 30 Section 1-2 Quiz Review