BELLRINGER:1. How is Henry VIII related to Elizabeth I?
2. The Church of England is also known as the _____________ Church.
The Reformation Continues
Chapter 1, Section 4
CALVIN CONTINUES THE REFORMATION
Who is John Calvin?
• Young law student in France
• Only 8 years old when Luther posted the 95 Theses
• Publishes a book summarizing Protestant beliefs about God, salvation, and human nature
What Calvin’s book said….
• People are naturally sinful• Cannot earn salvation (just like Luther
said!)• In fact, God has already picked who
he will save– Predestination: God has already
chosen the “elect” (the people who will be saved)
Calvinism – religion based on these teachings
Calvin moves to Geneva• People of Geneva ask Calvin to be their leader• Calvin sets up a theocracy – Theocracy = government run by religious leaders– Strict Rules
• Religion class is mandatory• No bright clothing• No playing cards
– Strict Punishment for breaking the rules• Imprisonment, excommunication, or banishment• Heretics are burned at the stake
• To many Protestants, Geneva is the model city
Calvinism Spreads• John Knox puts Calvin’s ideas to work in
Scotland– Churches governed by elders or presbyters – Now known as Presbyterian Church
• Calvinism becomes official religion of Scotland– Overthrow their queen in favor of her infant son
• Today, most Protestant churches trace their roots to Calvinism– Most have softened his teachings though
Other Protestant Reformers
• Anabaptists– Only baptize people old
enough to choose to be Christian No baby baptisms
– Church and state should be separate
– Refused to fight in wars– Hated by Catholics AND
other Protestants
THE CATHOLIC REFORMATIONAlso known as the Counter Reformation
Change from within….
• Jesuits – members of the Society of Jesus– Founded by Ignatius of
Loyola– Focused on 3 activities:• Building amazing
schools• Convert non-Christians
to Catholicism• Stop spread of
Protestantism
Reforming Popes
• Pope Paul III took 4 important steps to reform the Catholic Church– Investigated indulgence selling– Approved the Jesuit order– Used the Inquisition to try and punish heretics– Called the meeting of the Council of Trent
• Pope Paul IV– Index of Forbidden Books– Burns all of the books considered dangerous to the
Church
Council of Trent
• Catholic bishops and cardinals agree on several things:– Catholic Church’s interpretation of Bible is final• Anyone who used their own interpretation = heretic
– Faith & Good works need for salvation• Can’t get by on faith alone
– Bible and Church are equally powerful– Indulgences are valid. • But selling fake indulgences is not OK.
Legacy of the Reformation
Religious/Social Effects• Protestant churches flourish• New denominations
develop• Catholic Church is more
unified• Education is emphasized in
both churches
Political Effects• Catholic Church’s authority
declines• Individual monarchs gain
power• Questioning of beliefs and
authority will lay groundwork for the Enlightenment