Bifurcation coronary stenting: State 0f the Art
Mazhar M Khan
Consultant Cardiologist
Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, N.Ireland
Percutaneous intervention of coronary bifurcation lesion, like marriage, is easy to do but difficult to get out
David Holmes
Problems of Bifurcation Stenting
• “Stent jail” of side branch
• “Snow plough” effect
• Stent deformity
• Difficult re-crossing
• Lower Success and higher complication rate
• High Restenosis
• Over all incidence of 15% of PCI
“ Stent Jail of the side branch is a low security prison”
Caputo et al
Bifurcation lesion location remains a predictor of adverse late outcomes in multiple (DES) trials Controversies exist among differing strategies using standard stents:
Is long term efficacy improved when a SB stent is placed? Is the SB compromised in provisional techniques?When 2 stents are needed, what is the safety impacts of multiple stent layers and mechanical distortions in T-, crush, culotte, V-, or SKS? Which technique is best?
The Problem
Khan et al International J of Cardiovascular
Intervent;2002 (1+1+1)*
(1+1+0)* (1+0+1)*
(0+1+1)* (0+1+1)
Need for stent?
Published in 2010 Circ.
PCI of Bifurcation coronary lesionOne stent or two stents*
2 stents One stents P value
Procedure 59%
(T or Y)
41% 0.13
Kissing Balloon
27 (94%) 21 (75%) Ns
success 100% 92% (8% Crossover)
Ns
TLR 23% 16% 0.03
MACE 6% 8.3% Ns
* Khan et al Int. Journal of cardiovascular intervention 2002
Duration of PCI
Contrast
Stress
MI
And Keep it Safe
Keep it Simple
And How
Khan et al Int J of Cardiovasc
intervention:2001
p=0.26 p=0.12 p=0.47 p=0.34
Crush technique
(A) Crush stent SB stent first then main branch
(B) final double balloon inflation
(A) Pre(B) Post crush
If you have a crush end with a kiss
MACE
GREAT!
Simple strategy with 5F Guide
Double vessel Stent
After TWO DES
Role of ”jailed” wire
• Identification of side branch ostium after Stent placement – a “road map”
• Favourable modification of side branch origin and angulations
• May maintain patency of side branch
New specific bifurcation stents
• View Stent (Advance Stent Technology)• Double Driver on single shaft (Medtronic)?• Devax system• Invatec Bifurcation stent• Clear Way Bifurcation Stent• Free Path Bifurcation Stent• Tryton• Kapella
Key Message• Recent studies and our own observation show that
that there is no additional benefit of routine stenting of both arms
• Final double balloon (kissing) is essential to reduce the stent malformation and to improve long term outcome after side branch access through the stent
• Double stenting should be reserved for large branch, reduced flow or significant dissection of SB. While stenting side branch, keep balloon in main branch.
Conclusions• Bifurcation coronary lesions are not
uncommon (about 15%). Current technological advance with stenting offers a safe and efficient Revascularisation strategy for such complex lesion.
• New design of stents specific for bifurcation may be further helpful but have been disappointing so far due to anatomical variation.
Conclusions (cotd)• Technical approach depending on the
anatomy and the final use of double (kissing) balloon ensure immediate and long-term success for such lesions.
• Drug eluting stents covering both arms have reduced TLR but MACE is not reduced. Recent studies are also indicative of this approach.
• Double stenting should be reserved for selective anatomical sub set
‘Light at the end of a tunnel may well be the headlight of the in coming train’
Murphy