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T.C
DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITYENGINEERING FACULTYELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICSENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
IR REMOTE CONTROLLER for HOMEAPPLIANCES via WI-FI
(HARDWARE PART)
FINAL YEAR PROJECT
VOLKAN DENZ
Adviser
Asst. Prof. Dr. Olcay Akay
JUNE 2009ZMR
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PROJECT EXAMINATION RESULT FORM
We certify that we have read this project and that in our opinion it is fully
adequate, in scope and in quality, as a senior project.
.Asst. Prof. Dr. Olcay Akay
(Adviser)
.
Assist. Prof. Dr. Ahmet zkurt(Committee Member)
.Assist. Prof. Dr. zge ahin
(Committee Member)
.
Prof. Dr. Mustafa GNDZALP
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(Chairman)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank my advisor, Asst. Prof. Dr. Olcay Akay for his help in
guidance and supervision during this project.
I would like to specifically thank Asst. Prof. Dr. Nalan zkurt for her valuable advice and help during the project.
I also would like to thank GRUNDIG A.. for their guidance and advice.
I would like to thank my friend Ahmet Tekin for being with me during
realization of this final year project.
I also would like to thank Mert zuysal, Nejdet Tayyar Irga, Arif Ataman
and Osman Tayfun Bikin for helps in critical situations.
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ABSTRACT
The aim of this project is to control the VCD player and heater by using a PC
interface. PC sends the data to microcontroller via Wi-Fi and the microcontroller
controlls the VCD player with infrared (IR) communication.
While all IR remote controls share the basic concept of communicating from
the remote control to the home entertainment device via IR signal, there is no
universal standard for the encoding method. All IR remote control systems use IR
light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to send out an IR signal in response to button pushes.
The pattern of pulses indicates the particular button pushed. To allow control of
multiple appliances such as a TV, DVD Player, air conditioner and cable box without
interference, systems generally have a preamble and address to synchronize the
receiver and identify the source (and destination) of the infrared signal. Some of the
earliest remote controls (and to this day a few cable box remote controls) use a
simple system in which the IR LED is simply turned on and off. However, to avoid
interference by other light sources, especially flourescent bulbs, and keep the signal
from being swamped out by ambient light, most systems digitally modulate a carrier
frequency of between 36 kHz and 40 kHz. A bandpass filter in the receiving unit
eliminates all but the desired frequency.
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ZET
Bu projede vcd alar ve stclarn bilgisayardan kontrol amalanmtr.
Bilgisayardan wireless module araclyla yollanan bilgiler mikroilemciye gider ve
mikroilemci de vcd alar ve stcy infared ile kontrol eder.
Infrared ile alan dier ev aletleri de ayn iletiim konseptine sahiptirler ve
bu ekilde kontrol edilebilirler. Infrared iletiim IR ledler kullanlmaktadr, tua her
basta bu ledler elimizdeki bilgiyi kontrol edeceimiz alete iletir ve bu ilemde
herhangi bir uluslar aras standart yoktur, her firmann ayr kodlama ve kod zme
teknii vardr. TV, klima gibi ev aletleri de bu ilemle altrlabilir. Infrared ilk
kullanlmaya balandnda aletler sadece a kapa yapabiliyorlard,daha sonra btn
tular kullanlmaya baland ve evimizdeki ou alet infrared iletiime geti.
IR ledler gne ndan etkilenebilmektedir ve elimizdeki bilginin zerine
grlt biner, bu yzden bu ledleri gne ndan uzak tutmak gerekir.
Modulasyon ilemi kullanacamz aletlere gre 36 kHz ile 40 kHz arasnda
deimektedir ve her firma kendine uygun bir frekans seer.Cihazmzn alc nitesi
blm gnderdiimiz bilgiyi anlayabilme kabiliyetine sahiptir, bir band geirici
filtre ile gelen bilgi okunabilir. Her firma kullanm kolayl salayacak bir kodlamave kod zme ilemi uygular. Genel olarak RC5 ve NEC kodlama trleri
kullanlmaktadr.
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS.............................................................................................6
LIST OF FIGURES........8
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................9
Chapter 2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS INFRARED (IR)RADIATION ......10
2.1.Infrared Lights..................................................10
2.2.IR Remote Controllers......10
Chapter 3. HARDWARE DESIGN...13
3.1.Proteus Design...13
3.2.Receiver......143.3.PIC16F877.....15
3.3.1 Features...15
3.4.Transmitter and Timer ....17
3.5.Linear Regulator (7805)...19
Chapter 4. SOFTWARE DESIGN.......20
4.1 Software Design of VCD Player ..21
4.1.1 Features.....21
4.2. Software Design of Heater...22
4.2.1 Features.....22
4.3 PC INTERFACE...24
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Chapter 5. WIRELESS MODULE25
5.1.Features..25
5.2.General Description .25
5.3.Hardware ..26
5.4.Performance Specifications..27
5.5.Configuration.27Chapter 6. RESULTS and CONCLUSION................................29
REFERENCES .....................................................................................31
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Transmitting data signal by driving an IR LED with a transistor.Figure 2.2: Received data signal at the output of the receiver.
Figure 3.1:Circuit diagram of our design using PIC16F877.Figure 3.2: Receiver circuit.Figure 3.3: Received signals.Figure 3.4: General view of PIC16F877.Figure 3.5: General information about PIC16F877 pins.Figure 3.6: The transmitter circuit.Figure 3.7: Carrier signal (38 Khz).
Figure 3.8: Internal Block Diagram of NE555 Timer.Figure 3.9: A linear regulator (LM7805).Figure 4.1: Flowchart of software of remote controller.Figure 4.2: NEC protocol.Figure 4.3: A typical pulse train of the NEC protocol.Figure 4.4: Bits of the VCD Players buttons.Figure 4.5: Bit length of logic 0.Figure 4.6 : Bit length of logic 1.Figure 4.7: Bits of the Heaters buttonsFigure 4.8 PC InterfaceFigure 5.1. The wireless module
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Chapter 1INTRODUCTION
In this project we study infrared (IR) receiver and transmitter and also
protocols of remote controllers. The remote controller is controlled with PIC16F877.
With most pieces of consumer electronics, from camcorders to stereo equipment, aninfrared remote control is usually always included.Video and audio apparatus,
computers and also lighting installations nowadays often operate on IR remote
control.The carrier frequency of such IR signals is typically in the order of around 36
kHz. The control codes are sent in serial format modulated to 36 kHz carrier
frequecy (usally by turning the carrier on and off).There are many different coding
systems in use, and generally different manufacturers use different codes and
different datarates for transmission. Infrared light is invisible since its frequency isbelow that of visible red. Otherwise, it is like any other light source, operating under
the same laws of physics. In most cases, the IR signals are produced by a LED
source. TV remotes send commands only one way, in a low-speed burst for distances
of up to 30 feet. They use directed IR with LEDs that have a moderate cone angle to
improve ease-of-use characteristics. The IR signal sent out by those devices is
generally modulated to around 38 kHz carrier using amplitude shift keying (carrier
on or off). The data rate send is generally in the range of 100-2000 bps.
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Chapter 2
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS INFRARED (IR)RADIATION
2.1 Infrared (IR)Ligths
Infrared (IR) radiationis a particular kind of light. If we combine infraredradiation with radio waves, microwaves,visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X rays,
and gamma rays, we'll end up with a broad band of radiation frequencies called the
electromagnetic spectrum. All of these types of electromagnetic radiationtransfer
energy through space via waves of oscillating electromagnetic fields. What
distinguishes them from each other are the frequency of the oscillation and,
consequently, thewavelength.
An object's molecules and electrons are always in motion, vibrating and
radiating electromagnetic waves. When the object heats up and its temperature
increases, the motion will increase and so will the averagewave frequencyand the
intensity of the radiation. We can see this at work in a toaster oven. When we turn
the toaster on, we can feel some heat, but see no light. As more electric energy is
supplied and the wires get hotter, they begin to glow red. If we could really turn up
the power so that the temperature reached about 3,000 C, the wires, like the filament
in a light bulb, would glow white. The only problem is that they would probably burn
up before they reached that temperature.
2.2. IR Remote Controllers
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http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#infraredhttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#visiblehttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#spectrumhttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#radiationhttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#wavelengthhttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#wavefrequencyhttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#infraredhttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#visiblehttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#spectrumhttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#radiationhttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#wavelengthhttp://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/infrared.html#wavefrequency8/7/2019 bitirme son
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IR is interesting, because it is easily generated and does not suffer
electromagnetic interference, so it is nicely used for communication and control,
however it is not perfect, some other light emissions could contain IR as well, and
that can interfere in this communication. The sun is an example, since it emits a wide
spectrum of radiation. Lots of things can generate IR, anything that radiate heat do it,
including our body, lamp, stove, oven, car's engine, car's tires, hot asphalt and rocks,
plants, even the hot water at the faucet. The massive use of IR LEDs at TV/VCR
remote controls and other applications, brought IR diodes and transistors (emitter and
receivers) at very low cost at the market. To allow a good communication using IR,
and avoid those "fake" signals, it is imperative to use a "key" that can tell the
receiver what is the real data transmitted and what is generated by the surroundingenvironment. As an analogy, looking eye naked to the night sky we can see hundreds
of stars, but we can spot easily a far away airplane just by its flashing strobe light,
even if that blinking light is dimmer than the stars lights. That strobe light is the
"key", the "coding" element that alerts us.
Similar to the airplane at the night sky, the room where the TV is installed
may have hundreds of tiny IR sources, our body, the lamps around, even the hot cupof tea. A way to avoid all those other sources, is generating a key, like the flashing
airplane. Thus, remote controls use to pulsate its infrared in a certain frequency. The
IR receiver module at the TV, VCR or stereo "tunes" to this certain frequency and
ignores all other IR signals received. The best frequency for the job is between 30
and 60 kHz, the most used is around 36 kHz. It works exactly as a radio tuning to a
specific station. In this case, the receiver tunes to the IR "radio" at 36 kHz, and
ignores the rest. Your cup of hot tea generates IR, but not at 36 kHz, it is flat andplain IR emission, and then, ignored by the TV IR receiver. Therefore, remote
controls use the 36 kHz (or around) to transmit information. IR light emitted by IR
diodes is pulsated at 36 thousand times per second, when transmitting logic level "1"
and silence for "0". To generate a 36 kHz pulsating IR is quite easy, more difficult is
to receive and identify this frequency. This is why some companies produce IR
receivers, that contains the filters, decoding circuits and the output shaper, that
delivers a square wave, meaning the existence or not of the 36kHz incoming
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pulsating infrared. It means that those 3 dollars small units, have an output pin that
goes high (+5V) when there is a pulsating 36 kHz IR in front of it, and zero volts
when there is not this radiation. A square wave of approximately 27 uS
(microseconds) injected at the base of a transistor, can drive an IR LED to transmit
this pulsating light wave. Upon its presence, the commercial receiver will switch its
output to high level (+5V).
Figure 2.1: Transmitting data signal by driving an IR LED with a transistor.
If we can turn on and off this frequency at the transmitter, our receiver's
output will indicate when the transmitter is on or off.
Figure 2.2: Received data signal at the output of the receiver.
IR demodulators have inverted logic at their outputs. When a burst of IR is
sensed they drive their outputs to low level, meaning logic level = 1. To avoid a
Philips remote control to change channels in a Panasonic TV, they use different
codification at the IR, even that all of them use basically the same transmitted
frequency, from 36 to 40 kHz. Thus, all of them use a different combination of bits to
avoid interference.
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Chapter 3HARDWARE DESIGN
3.1. Proteus Design
In the schematic(Figure 3.1), MAX232 is used as a wireless module. It has
nearly the same pin configuration. Receiver pin (RX) of the wireless module isconnected to microprocessors transmitter pin 25 (TX) and TX of the wireless
module is connected to pin 26 (RX) of the microprocessor. 4 MHz crystal is used for
microprocessor (PIC16F877). LM555 Timer is used for getting 38 kHz carrier
frequency.
RA0/AN02
RA1/AN13
RA2/AN2/VREF-4
RA4/T0CKI6
RA5/AN4/SS7
RE0/AN5/RD8
RE1/AN6/WR9
RE2/AN7/CS10
OSC1/CLKIN13
OSC2/CLKOUT14
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 16
RC2/CCP1 17
RC3/SCK/SCL 18
RD0/PSP0 19
RD1/PSP1 20
RB7/PGD 40RB6/PGC 39
RB5 38RB4 37
RB3/PGM 36RB2 35RB1 34
RB0/INT 33
RD7/PSP7 30RD6/PSP6 29RD5/PSP5 28RD4/PSP4 27RD3/PSP3 22RD2/PSP2
21
RC7/RX/DT 26RC6/TX/CK 25
RC5/SDO 24RC4/SDI/SDA 23
RA3/AN3/VREF+5
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 15
MCLR/Vpp/THV1
PIC16F877
X1CRYSTAL
10k
+5V
T1IN11
R1OUT12
T2IN10
R2OUT9
T1OUT 14
R1IN 13
T2OUT 7
R2IN 8
C2+
4
C2-
5
C1+
1
C1-
3
VS+ 2
VS- 6
U2
MAX232
C5
22p
C6
22p
C9
1u
C1 0
1u
C1
1uC2
1u
162738495
J1
CO
R4
DC 7
Q 3
GND
1
VCC
8
TR2 TH 6
CV5
U3
NE555
RV 1POT
RV 2POT
R1
1kC4
100n
C9100n
+5V
Q1BC337
R2100R
D4DIODE-LED
+5V
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Figure 3.3: Received signals.
3.3. PIC16F877
A PIC16F877 Microcontroller includes 8 kb of internal flash Program
Memory, together with a large RAM area and an internal EEPROM. An 8-channel
10-bit A/D converter is also included within the microcontroller, making it ideal for
real-time systems and monitoring applications. All port connectors are brought out to
standard headers for easy connect and disconnect. In-Circuit program download is
also provided, enabling the board to be easily updated with new code and modified
as required, without the need to remove the microcontroller.
All the necessary support components are included, together with a Power
and Programming LED for easy status indication. Plus a reset switch for program
execution and a RS232 connection for data transfer to and from a standard RS232
port, available on most computers.
The new PIC16F877 Controller is the ideal solution for use as a standard
controller in many applications. The small compact size combined with easy
program updates and modifications, make it ideal for use in machinery and control
systems, such as alarms, card readers, real-time monitoring applications and much
more. This board is ideal as the brains of your robot or at the center of your home-
monitoring system. Save time and money, by simply building your ancillary boards
and monitoring circuits around this inexpensive and easy to use controller.
3.3.1 Features
Includes Powerful Microchip PIC16F877 Microcontroller with 8kb Internal
Flash Program Memory
Operating Speed at 10MHz
Direct In-Circuit Programming for Easy Program Updates
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Up to 28 I/O points with easy to connect standard headers
RS232 Connection with MAX232
Internal EEPROM
8 Channel 10-bit A/D Convertor
One 16-bit Timer with Two 8-bit Timers
Power and Programming LED
Reset Button
Ideal as an Interchangeable Controller for Real-Time Systems
Figure 3.4: General view of PIC16F877.
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RA0-5 : Input/Output port ARB0-7 : Input/Output port BRC0-7 : Input/Output port CRD0-7 : Input/Output port DRE0-2 : Input/Output port EAN0-7 : Analog input portRX : USART Asynchronous Receive
TX : USART AsynchronousTransmitSCK : Synchronous serial clock inputSCL : Output for both SPI and I2C
modesDT : Synchronous DataCK : Synchronous Clock SDO : SPI Data Out ( SPI mode )SDI : SPI Data In ( SPI mode )SDA : Data I/O ( I2C mode )CCP1,2 : Capture In/Compare Out/PWM
OutOSC1/CLKIN : Oscillator In/Ecternal Clock InOSC2/CLKOUT : Oscillator Out/Clock Out
MCLR : Master Clear ( Active low Reset )Vpp : Programming voltage inputTHV : High voltage test mode controlVREF+/- : Reference voltageSS : Slave select for the synchronous
serial portT0CKI : Clock input to Timer0
T1OSO : Timer1 oscillator outputT1OSI : Timer1 oscillator inputT1CKI : Clock input to Timer1PGD : Serial programming dataPGC : Serial programming clock PGM : Low voltage programinng inputINT : External interruptRD : Read control for the parallel slave
portWR : Write control for the parallel slave
portCS : Select control for the parallel slavePSP0-7 : Parallel slave portVDD : Positive supply for logic and I/O pinsVss : Ground reference for logic and I/O
pins
Figure 3.5: General information about PIC16F877 pins.
3.4. Transmitter and Timer
To transmit the stored signal, we should generate a 38-40 KHz square wave
carrier signal to protect from other IR interferances. We used 555 Timer to generate
the carrier wave and modulation. We built the circuit in Figure 3.7. With
potentiometer, we are able to control the duty cycle and frequency of the carrier
wave. The 555 Timer modulates any signal which is applied from its 4th pin and
outputs the modulated signal from its 3rd pin.
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Figure 3.6: The transmitter circuit. Figure 3.7: Carrier signal (38 Khz).
Figure 3.8: Internal Block Diagram of NE555 Timer.
3.5 Linear Regulator
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In electronics, a linear regulator is a voltage regulator based on an active
device operating in its linear region. All linear regulators require an input voltage at
least some minimum amount higher than the desired output voltage. That minimum
amount is called the drop-out voltage. For example, a common regultor such as 7805
(Figure 3.10) has an output voltage of 5V. Its drop-out voltage is 2V. Its minimum
input voltage will be 7V.
Common solid-state series voltage regulators are the LM78XX(for positive
voltages) and LM79XX(for negative voltages) and common fixed voltages are 5V
and 12V. In this project we use LM7805 for 5V common voltage.
Figure 3.9: A linear regulator (LM7805).
Chapter 4
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SOFTWARE DESIGN
Not all the IR remote controls have similar characteristics; in fact most of them have different frequency carriers depending of the factory, or the model or the
protocol. Another point to consider is that depending on the trademark or model, it
can be seen a considerable difference in the total amount of bits which is transmitted
after switch is pressed. We could say that RC5 and NEC codes are important for the
system, which are generally employed in most of IR remote controls.
For an IR remote controller for a VCD player and heater, we developed a
software algorithm. This project can be made using either PIC16F877 or AT89C52.
@PIC creating 889 us is easy by the help of delay command but creating 889 us is a
bit harder than that if AT89C52 is chosen.
Three functions are created for the system. They are one,zero and toggle to
give microprocessor 1, 0 and toogle bits.
-This part is explained detailly Ahmet Tekins final year project.
Figure 4.1: Flowchart of software of remote controller.
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4.1 Software Design of VCD Player
4.1.1 Features: 8 bit address and 8 bit command length. Address and command are transmitted twice for reliability. Pulse distance modulation. Carrier frequency of 38kHz Bit time of 1.125ms or 2.25ms
Figure 4.2: NEC protocol.
The NEC protocol uses pulse distance encoding of the bits. Each pulse is a560s long 38kHz carrier burst (about 21 cycles). A logical "1" takes 2.25ms to
transmit, while a logical "0" is only half of that, being 1.125ms. The recommended
carrier duty-cycle is 1/4 or 1/3.
Figure 4.3: A typical pulse train of the NEC protocol.
The buttons for the VCD player is shown in Figure 4.4
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Button Address bits Inv. Address bits Command bit Inv.CommandbitsSTOP 00000000 11111111 00101000 11010111
PAUSE 00000000 11111111 11001000 00110111OPEN/CLOSE 00000000 11111111 00001000 11110111
PLAY 00000000 11111111 10001010 01110101FORWARD 00000000 11111111 01111000 10000111
BACK 00000000 11111111 01010000 10101111ZOOM 00000000 11111111 11100000 00011111
VOLUME UP 00000000 11111111 11000000 00111111VOLUME
DOWN 00000000 11111111 01000000 10111111
Figure 4.4: Bits of the VCD Players buttons.
4.2. Software Design of Heater
4.2.1 Features
Protocol has only logic 1 and logic 0.
Bit lengths of logic 1 and logic 0 are 1600 us.
5 address bits and 7 command bits.
Carrier frequency 38 kHz
It is more basic according to NEC protocol.
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Figure 4.5: Bit length of logic 0.
Figure 4.6 : Bit length of logic 1.
The buttons for the heater is shown in Figure 4.7.
Button Address bits Command bits
Power 00100 1011111
2 00100 1111110
3 00100 1111101
4 00100 1110111
5 00100 1111011
6 00100 1101111
Figure 4.7: Bits of the Heaters buttons
4.3 PC INTERFACE
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We designed a PC interface for communicating with VCD player and heater.
Figure 4.8 PC Interface
--These parts are explained detailly Ahmet Tekins final year project.
Chapter 5
WIRELESS MODULE
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5.1.Features
Figure 5.1. The wireless module
5.2 General Description
Nano WiReach is a secure serial-to-Wireless LAN device server module
that also acts as a bridge to connect serial devices to 802.11b/g Wireless LANs. It
includes the iChip CO2144 IP Communication Controller chip and Marvell
88W8686 WiFi chipset. It is packaged in RoHS-compliant ultra-slim form factor
and uses an industry standard pin-out.
Nano WiReach offers much more than many other device servers on the
market. It acts as a security gap between the application and the network; supports
up to 10 simultaneous TCP/UDP sockets; two listening sockets; a web server with
two websites; SMTP and POP3 clients; MIME attachments; FTP and TELNET
clients, and SerialNET mode for serial-to-IP bridging.
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Nano WiReach supports the SSL3/TLS1 protocol for secure sockets, HTTPS
and FTPS, WEP, WPA and WPA2 WiFi encryption.
Nano WiReach minimizes the need to redesign the host device hardware. It
easily inserts into headers on the host PCB and connects to an external antenna.
Minimal or no software configuration is needed for Nano WiReach to access the
Wireless LAN.
Connect Ones high-level AT+i API eliminates the need to add WiFi
drivers, security and networking protocols and tasks to the host application. TheAT+i SerialNET operating mode offers a true plug-and-play mode that eliminates
any changes to the host application.
Nano WiReach firmware the IP stack and Internet configuration
parameters are stored in an external flash memory. The module is power-efficient:
the core operates at 1.2V, while I/Os operate at 3.3V. Power Save mode further
reduces power consumption.
The II-EVB-363NW evaluation board provides an easy environment for
testing the Nano WiReach prior to designing it into your product.
5.3 Hardware
Size: 33.76 x 18.0 x 5.5 mm Core CPU: 32-bit RISC ARM7TDMI, low-leakage, 0.13 micron, running at
48MHz
Operating Voltage: +3.3V+/-10%
Operating Humidity: 90% maximum (non-condensing)
Operating Temperature Range: -40 to 85C (-40 to 185F)
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Power Consumption: Transmit 250mA @16dbm 235mA @12dbm (typical)
Receive 190mA (typical) Power Save mode 8mA
RF Connector: U.FL of Hirose
Connector: Low profile 30 pin Host Interface: TTL Serial, SPI and USB device. RMII Interface
RoHS-compliant; lead-free
5.4 Performance Specifications
Host Data Rate: up to 3Mbps in serial mode
Serial Data Format (AT+i mode): Asynchronous character; binary; 8 data
bits; no parity; 1 stop bit
SerialNET mode: Asynchronous character; binary; 7 or 8 data bits; odd,
even, or no parity; 1 stop bit
Flow Control: Hardware (-RTS, -CTS) and software flow control.
Wireless module is working with 3.3 volt and it has receiver pin (RX) to
receive data from PC and transmitter pin (TX) for transmitting data to
microprocessor. It has reset pin for starting the module again. When the data come to
data ready pin, it can choose the next operation to do.
5.5 Configuration
Wireless module is needed to configure for serial communication,getting IP
and some instructions below.
-AT+iWLSI=speedtouch
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The primary parameter governing the identity of the Access Point to which the
iChip will associate and connect to is theService Set ID entifier (SSID). Each Access
point has its own SSID value.Speedtouch is the SSID of our system.
-AT+iIPA=169.254.111.17
This command is used temporarily set the current IP address.
-AT+iLPRT=10017
Permanently sets the port number on which iChip will listen for client
connections in SerialNET mode. It could be such a number between 0 and 65536.
-AT+iHIF=1
Specifies the interface to be used for communication between the host
processor and iChip in subsequent sessions. If it is 1, USART0 can be used in the
system.
-AT+iMTTF=250
Sets max inactivity timeout before flushing the SerialNET socket.
-AT+iSNMD=3 Activates SerialNET mode. When this flag is specified, iChip automatically
goes online.
However, if the HSRV parameter is defined, a socket is not opened until data
arrive on the local serial port.
Chapter 6
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RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS
IR signals are used to carry data, and the most popular application area isremote controller which is used on TV, DVD player, air conditioner etc. Some
remote controllers use RF signals like car and garage remote controller. This is one
of the advantages of the IR signals because IR signals are effective at short distance
and transmitter and receiver must see each other.
IR communication is done by using protocol like SONY, NEC, RC5.
Protocols determine the length of the pulses. We use NEC protocol for VCD player
and another protocol which is looking like RC5 in our design. Software and making
timer was designed according to protocols. In this project, IR pulses are sent through
the device. We send data from PC to microcontroller and then microcontroller send
them to controlled device via IR LED. This was done by the original algorithm
which was explained in previous chapters.
One of the important problems is the noise. IR transmitter module can get a
signal from daylight which consist a lot of frequency components. This problem was
encountered and system works successfully.
IR remote controller was designed for 38 KHz signals. But we change that
value a little to be near 37.5 KHz. At that point it can be asked if the transmitted
signal is not modulated at 38 KHz, would this circuit still work? To answer this
question the effect of the carrier frequency of the IR signal must be known. Of
course if a circuit is designed for a special carrier frequency, it does not respond toanother signal which is modulated with a different frequency. But if the transmitted
signal is modulated with a closer frequency band of the carrier frequency, the circuit
responds. For example, if message signal is modulated with 37 KHz, circuit will
work again but there will be a difference of two signals on the circuit. It can
communicate with the remote controller with 38 KHz modulation at a longer
distance than 37 KHz modulation. Hence the effect of the carrier frequency on
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distance can be seen with different devices which have different modulation
frequencies.
Finally, IR technologies make the daily life with remote controller. All
remote controllers work with a special protocol. In this project, IR remote controller
gets the 32 bit data values from PC and sends them to VCD player and 12 bit data
values from PC and sends them to heater . It uses 2 protools while achieving this.
If we want, we can use SONY, RC5 and another protocol for another device. Our
designed circuit would be useful if you are far from our controlled device. For
example, if we forget closing our device, we can close or get it work in sleep mode.
This circuit designed in this project can be employed in futuristic smart homeprojects.
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REFERENCES
1. I. Scott MacKenzie , The 8051 Microcontroller, Second Edition, Prentice Hall,
Inc., 1995
2. http://www.sbprojects.com/knowledge/ir/ir.htm
3. http://www.ustr.net/infrared/index.shtml
4. http://www.datasheetcatalog.com5 . http://www.rentron.com/Infrared_Remote_Control.htm