Blood PhysiologyLecture -4
White Blood Cells –cont
Professor A.M.A Abdel GaderMD, PhD, FRCP (Lond., Edin), FRSH (London)
Professor of Physiology, College of Medicine &The Blood Bank, King Khalid University Hospital
King Saud UniversityRiyadh
At the end of this lecture the student should be able to:1.Describe monocyte formation and function2.Describe the reticuloendothelial system components and function3.Describe lymphocyte formation4.Describe the functions of the diffrerent types of lymphocytes5.Recognize leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia
White Blood Cells –cont- Agranulocytes – Objectives of the lecture:
White Blood Cells –cont
Agranulocytes
Contents:•Monocyte formation, maturation and function•Reticulendothelial system components and function•Lymphocyte formation and function•Leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia
Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.
• Types of WBC
1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes 5.3%
• 15-20um, kidney shape nucleus
– Lymphocyte 30%
Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.
• Types of WBC
1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte 30%
Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.
• Types of WBC
1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte
Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.
• Types of WBC
1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte
Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.
• Types of WBC
1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte
Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.
• Types of WBC
1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte
Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.
• Types of WBC
1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte
Defensive Functions of the Monocytes
• Directly: –phygocytosis of bacteria, dead cells
etc
• Indirectly:– Cooperates with lymphocytes by:
• Recognizing the foreign body • Ingesting the foreign body • Processing the foreign body• Presenting it to lymphocytes
Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.
• Types of WBC
1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte
Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.
• Types of WBC
1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte
Lymphocytes – cont.
LymphopoiesisStem cell
(thymus, lymphoid tissue & bone marrow)
lymphoblast
intermediate pyronophilic blast cells
lymphocytes
Immunity -- Types
Acquired immunity:
• Basic types of acquired immunity:
Humoral immunity(B-cell immunity)
B-LYMPHOCYTESAntibodies
Cell-mediated immunity(T-cell immunity)
Activated T-LYMPHOCYTES
Initiated by antigens
Immune cells
Two types:
– B-Lymphocytes(Thymus independent, B-lymphocytes)
Produce antibodies (Humoral Immunity)
2. T- lymphocytes (Thymus dependent, T-lymphocytes)
Cellular mechanisms (Cellular Immunity)
• Defence of the body against infections and foreign invadors
Functions of Leucocytes- WBCSummary
Neutrophils & monocytes (Blood macrophages)- Phgaocytosist/ + Immunity
Macrophage (RES) system … Phagocytosis + Immunity
Lymphcytes ….. IMMUNITY
White Blood Cells –cont
Agranulocytes
Contents:•Monocyte formation, maturation and function•Reticulendothelial system components and function•Lymphocyte formation and function•Leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia
Leucocytosis(Increased WBC Count)
Causes:• Physiological
–Diurnal: morning evening –After physical exercise–Stress or Adrenaline injection
• Disease (pathological)–Bacterial infections (tonsillitis,
appendicitis–Worms infestations
Leucopenia(Decreased WBC Count)
Causes:–Malnutrition–Typhoid fever–Depressed bone marrow–Deficiency of Vit B12 or folic
acid
Reticuloendothelial System-RES
• RES is widespread in the body
Cells of the RES:– Monocytes (blood macrophages)– Mobile and fixed tissue Macrophages – Endothelial cells in bone marrow, lymph
nodes and spleen– Reticular cells of lymph nodes spleen &
bone marrow.
Reticuloendothelial System-RES
Cells of the RES - Distribution:
• Tissue Macrophages in skin SC tissues
• Tisssue Macrophages of lymph nodes• Tissue macrophages in lungs• Macrphages (kupffer cells) in the
liver• Macrphages in the spleen and
bone marrow
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Functions of Reticuloendothelial system
1. Phagocytosis: Bacterial, dead cells, foreign particles
2. Breakdown of Hb3. Immune function: processing
antigen and antibodies production (indirect)
4. Storage of iron
Dr Sitelbanat
At the end of of this lecture the student should be able to:1.Describe monocyte formation and function2.Describe the reticuloendothelial system components and function3.Describe lymphocyte formation4.Describe the functions of the diffrerent types of lymphocytes5.Recognize leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia
White Blood Cells –cont- Agranulocytes – Objectives of the lecture: