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BRAIN TO BRAIN COMMUNICATION



Contents2

IntroductionBrain to Brain Communication Block DiagramHuman Brain

Brain Waves in EEGBrain-Computer InterfaceComputer-Brain InterfaceTranscarnial Magnetic StimulationExperimentSide EffectsConclusion



INTRODUCTION

TelepathyCan Communicate without any physical connection10 % of the brainMore than 10 %...????

Basic ideaBrain Computer Interface (BCI)Computer Brain Interface (CBI)Can transmit the data from one brain to another brain

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Brain to Brain Communication Block Diagram4

BCI- Brain-Computer InterfaceCBI- Computer-Brain Interface

BCI Internet CBI

Sender Receiver



Human Brain5



Different types of Brain waves in EEG6

Rhythm Frequency(Hz)

Amplitude(uV)

Recording& Location

Alpha( α ) 8 – 13 50 – 100 Adults, rest, eyes closed.Occipital region

Beta( β ) 14 - 30 20 Adult, mental activityFrontal region

Theta( θ ) 5 – 7 Above 50 Children, drowsy adult,emotional distress

Occipital

Delta( δ ) 2 – 4 Above 50 Children in sleep



Brain Waves Pattern7



Functions of

Each Part

Each cerebral hemisphere isformed of four lobes:

• Frontal lobe: containsmotor area.

• Parietal lobe: containssensory area.

• Temporal lobe: containsarea of hearing &memory.

• Occipital lobe: containsarea of vision

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10 /20 % system of EEG electrode placement9



EEG electrode placement10



BCI-System11



BCI Approaches12



BCI Approaches Cntd.13

Invasive Brain Computer Interfacesimplanted directly into the brain and has the highest quality signals.

provide functionality to paralyzed people.

Partially Invasive Brain Computer Interfacesimplanted inside the skull but outside the brain.

Non Invasive Brain Computer Interfacesgives a patient the ability to move muscle implants and restore partialmovement



CBI System14

Computer TMS Brain



Transcarnial Magnetic stimulation (TMS)15

A noninvasive method to cause depolarization orhyperpolarization in the neurons of the braincauses small electrical currents that stimulate nerve cells in thetargeted brain region.causes a change in the transmembrane current of the neuron,which leads to the depolarization or hyperpolarization of theneuron and the firing of an action potential



Depolarization16

depolarization is a positive-going change in

a cell's membrane potentialDepolarization is often caused by influx of cations, efflux ofK + through K + channels inhibits depolarizationa cell has a resting potential of – 70mV, once the membrane potential changes to – 50mV



TMS Block-Diagram17

Control Signal

Maxwell-Faraday equation

From the Biot – Savart law



Experimental Setup of TMS18



Experimental Set-up of B2B19



Rajesh Rao & Andrea StoccoUniversity of Washington

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Sender Side• The task involves

saving a " city“.

• getting hit by rockets fired by a"pirate ship“.

• the subjects mustfire a "cannon"located at the lowercenter portion of thescreen.

electrodes placed over the left hemisphereat standard locations Laplacian spatial filter is used to reduceartifacts

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Receiver Side• over the part of the

Receiver’s brain thatcontrols the wristand fingers.

• a muscle twitch andupward handmovement, typicallyresulting in thespace bar being hitas a result and firing

the cannon in theSender's computergame.

• hit the blue circular target- Sender hasengaged in motor imagery.

• sends a stimulation pulse to the Receiver.• stimulation is induced indirectly through

the changing magnetic field.• over the part of the Receiver’s brain that

controls the wrist and fingers.

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• A friendly supply plane may move from right to left instead of a pirate rocket.

• The Sender must in this case rest rather than engage in imagery.



Side Effects24

Common side effects

TMS often causes minor short-term side effects.Headache

LightheadednessUncommon side effects

Seizures

Hearing loss due to inadequate ear protection duringtreatment



Conclusion25

To allow two persons to cooperatively solve a task viadirect brain-to-brain transfer of information.a great benefit to the people who cannot speak and even

blinksend words, images and thoughts directly to the minds ofothers, particularly people with a disability.



REFERENCES26

WEB SOURCES:

[1]. http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~rao/brain2brain/experiment.html

[2]. http://www.theguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy?page=2

[3]. http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/08/27/researcher-controls-colleagues-motions-in-1st-

human-brain-to-brain-interface/

[4]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNRDc714W5I

[5]. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2737532/Could-soon-send-emails-telepathically-

Scientist-transmits-message-mind-colleague-5-000-miles-away-using-brain-waves.html

[6]. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2013/10/25/mind-meld-future-of-brain-to-brain-

communication/

[7].http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0105225

[8]. http://www.gizmag.com/brain-brain-communication-rats-duke/26454/

[9]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93p7oDkA5WA



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