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Ugilkag
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Vrklgss kc Juhegt`oe
&
Juhegtbry Lkotrki
Iglturg \gss`ko ckr VEL A Vrkerbaag kc ^@A
Xnrkuen Zgi`bolg @ocklkaa Ith‐s SL Cbl`i ty
Hr. V. L. Jbsu
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Oubolgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt
Juhegt & Jus`ogss Abobegrs
Kvgrv`gws
Xypgs kc Juhegt
Vr`ol`pbi Juhegt Cbltkrs
Hgvgikpagot kc Juhegt
Juhegtbry Lkotrki Juhegt Aboubi
Begohb
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Oubolgs kc
Vgrckrabolg Juhegt
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Oubolgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt
Hgc`o`t`ko
B Vgrckrabolg Juhegt `s b lkaprgngos`vg hkluagotlkotb`o`oe tng pibo kc blt`kos, prgpbrgh `o lkkrh`obt`ko w`tnbii tng kpgrbt`oe boh sgrv`l`oe cuolt`kos tk bln`gvg b prgsgttbregts hur`oe b hgc`ogh pgr`kh kc t`ag. @t `s gxprgssgh `oqubot`tbt`vg boh c`obol`bi tgras.
’B juhegt `s b sbohw`ln blt`v`ty jgtwggo baj`t`kus ekbis`hgot`c`gh `o tng lkrpkrbtg strbtge`l pibos ko tng kog s`hg bohnbrhlkrg rgbi`ty cblgh bt tng abrmgt piblg boh tng snkp cikkrkr sgrv`lg egogrbt`oe stbt`ko ko tng ktngr.
Xng kjdglt`vg `s tk pibo ckr rgakv`oe tng kjstbligs sk tnbt tngc`ra lbo jg prkpgiigh tkwbrhs bttb`oagot kc tng ikoe tgraekbis.‑
Xng @ ost` tutg kc Lkst & Abobegagot Bllkuotbots, Ikohko
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Oubolgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt . . . :
Jbs`l Cgbturgs
@t `s b lkaprgngos`vg hkluagot
@t ibys hkwo tng lkkrh`obtgh pibo kc blt`kos golkapbss`oe bii
tng kpgrbt`oe boh sgrv`l`oe blt`v`t`gs
@t `s gxprgssgh `o qubot`tbt`vg boh/kr c`obol`bi tgras
@t `s prgpbrgh pr`kr tk b hgc`ogh pgr`kh kc t`ag
@ts purpksg `s tk bln`gvg tng kjdglt`vgs kc `aagh`btg cuturg
Wit`abtgiy h`rgltgh tkwbrhs bln`gv`oe tng ikoe tgra lkrpkrbtg
ekbis
B Juhegt `s bisk mokwo bs „Booubi Kpgrbt`oe Vibo‐
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Oubolgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt . . . <Kjdglt`vgs
Lkaj`o`oe tng `hgbs kc gapikyggs bt bii igvgis
Vrkakt`oe boh akt`vbt`oe krebo`sgh pbrt`l`pbt`ko bt vbr`kusigvgis ckr
Ligbr uohgrstboh`oe kc ekbis, boh
Lkotr`jut`oe tkwbrhs ekbis
Lkkrh`obt`oe bii prkhults/sgrv`lgs rgibtgh boh cuolt`kobiblt`v`t`gs
Kjtb`o`oe lkaa`tagot ckr pgrckrabolg `o tng ckra kch`v`s`kobi /hgpbrtagotbi juhegts
Viboo`oe ckr
Zgbi`s`oe kpt`aua rgvgoug `olkag
Lkotrkii`oe `oput lksts boh ktngr gxpgoh`turg
Abxa`s`oe gcc`l`goly boh prkc`tbj`i`ty.
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Oubolgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt . . . 8
Kjdglt`vgs (lkoth.)
A`o`a`s`oe pktgot`biiy lkoci`lt`oe purpksgs bakoe rgibtgh
kpgrbt`oe sgeagots
Vrkv`h`oe b jbs`s ckr
Gvbiubt`oe tng bltubi pgrckrabolg
Cbl`i`tbtg lkrrglt`vg blt`kos ckr tng brgbs kc bhvgrsg rgsuits
\grv`oe bs b agtnkhkikey ckr butnkr`s`oe usg kc slbrlg
rgskurlgs
Kpt`a`s`oe gcc`l`goly boh prkc`tbj`i`ty
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Oubolgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt . . . 7Jgnbv`kurbi @ssugs
’Bo krebo`sbt`kobi ekbi `s b hgs`rgh stbtg kc bccb`rs, wn`ln tng
krebo`sbt`ko bttgapts tk rgbi`sg‑. Vrkc. B. Gtz`ko`, 2038
’ Krebo`sbt`kobi ekbis brg tng hgs`rgh gohs kr rgsuits tkwbrhs wn`ln
tng jgnbv`kur `s h`rgltgh.‑
’@o krhgr tk lkos`hgr hgs`rgh stbtg kc bccb`rs `o cuturg bs ekbis,gv`hgolgs brg tk jg tngrg tk prkvg tnbt jgnbv`kur kc bii lkolgrogh brg
h`rgltgh tkwbrhs bln`gv`oe tnksg cuturg stbtg kc bccb`rs boh tnus ekbis
jglkag kpgrbt`vg ekbis‑
Golylikpbgh`b kc Vrkcgss`kobi Abobegagot, 205>
(Agrg w`sncui stbtgagots brg kc ok usg)
’Vbrt`l`pbt`ko `o tng prklgss kc sgtt`oe juhegtbry tbregts aby prkaktgjgttgr pgrckrabolg tnrkuen cbl` i ` tbt`ko kc igbro`oe boh mokwigheg
blqu`s`t`ko‑
\. M. Vbrmgr & X. H. Ubii, 200>
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Oubolgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt . . . 3
Butnkr`tbt`vg Zglkaagohbt`ko
Abobegr`bi gc cglt`vgogss aprkvgs koiy c tng sgt ekbis brg
Bllgptbjig tk abobegrs
Vrgl`sg
Bii pgrvbs`vg
Bttb`objigLkoerugot w` tn tng lkrpkrbtg ekbis bt tng beergebtg igvgi
Lkapbrbjig beb`ost bitgrobt`vgs
\kurlg4 VLJ‐s hgsm survgy ckr Hkltkrbi Xngs`s
ko Xrboscgr Vr `l`oe \ystga o b Aui t-h`v`s`kobi Gov`rkoagot
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Oubolgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt . . . 5
Gigagots kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt
Rubot` tbt`vg Vibos - \bigs boh Vrkhult`ko
@ oput/ Kutput Okras - Abtgr `bis, Wt` i ` t`gs boh NuaboZgskurlg
Vrklurgagot kc Zbtgs
Okras ckr Gxpgos`oe - Kvgrngbhs
H` rglt boh @ oh`rglt Xbxbt`ko
Vrkc` t & Ikss \tbtgagot
Lbsn C ikw Ckrglbst
Jbibolg \nggt Vgrckrabolg Bobiys s
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Juhegt & Jus`ogss Abobegrs
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Juhegt & Jus`ogss Abobegrs
Vsylnkike`lbi bspglts boh bpprkblngs kc jus`ogss abobegrs
Juhegt nbs ok akt`vbt`kobi gccglt uoigss tngy brg bllgptgh jy tng
lkolgrogh abobegrs bs tng`r kwo=
Xng tbregts, wn`ln akt`vbtg tng jgst pgrckrabolg `s tng kog tnbt `sakrg hgaboh`oe tnbo wnbt w`ii egogrbiiy jg bln`gvgh=
Hgaboh`oe juhegts brg bisk sggo bs akrg rgigvbot tnbo igss
h`cc`luit tbregts, jut ogebt`vg btt`tuhg sgts `o, `c tngy brg lkos`hgrghtkk h`cc`luit=
Bllgptbolg kc juhegts `s cbl`i`tbtgh wngo ekkh upwbrhlkaauo`lbt`ko gx`sts=
Abobegrs‐ rgblt`kos tk juhegtgh tbregts brg bccgltgh jktn jy tng`r
kwo pgrskobi`ty boh akrg jy egogrbi boh krebo`sbt`kobi okras=boh
Kolg tng tbregt `s bllgptgh rgst kc tng stgps kc juhegt`oe gxgrl`sgjglkags gbs`gr.
(Gxlgrpts crka Nkcstgh‐s \tuhy)
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Gbsy H`cc`luit @apkss`jig
Bl
n
v
g
ag
o
t
Abobegagot
Gxpgltbt`ko
GapikyggVgrckrabolg
Gcckrts - Vgrlgpt`ko kc Gapikyggs / Abobegagot ?
E. N. Nkcstghg‐s Erbpn ckr Gapikygg Jgnbv`kur (`o tng Vrklgss kc Xbregt \gtt`oe)
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Kvgrv`gws kc uhegt`oe
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Kvgrv`gws ckr Juhegt`oeCuolt`kobi boh Beergebtg bt tng Krebo`sbt`kobi Igvgi
2. Lkrpkrbtg a`ss`ko, ikoe tgra pibos boh strbtge`gs
:. Erkwtn o lbpbl`ty, turokvgr, prkc`tbj`i`ty, ogt wkrtn, abrmgtlbp`tbi`sbt`ko, gtl., v`s-æ-v`s kc tng `ohustry “ hkagst`l/ kvgrsgbs
<. I`a`t`oe cbltkrs boh lkostrb`ots “ jktn gxtgrobi boh `otgrobi
8. Gxpbos`ko boh akhgro`sbt`ko boh h`vgrs`c`lbt`ko kc blt`v`t`gs
7. Blt`kos o`t`btgh ckr4
@aprkv`oe qubi`ty kc prkhults boh sgrv`lgs
Wperbh`oe tglnokikey boh vbiug goe`oggr`oe
Bln`gv`oe lkst lkotrki boh lkst rghult`ko
3. Kutlkags crka abrmgt rgsgbrln/ survgy boh gsp`kobeg4
Vrkapt prkblt`vg/ rgblt`vg blt`kos ckr lnboegs `o hgaboh, Lkosuagr jgnbv`kur boh ibtgot hgaboh
Lkapgt`tkrs‐ strbtge`gs
@apgoh`oe prkhult boh sgrv`lg kjskigslgolg
5. Lnboegs `o egk-pnys`lbi boh skl`k-glkoka`lbi gov`rkoagot kc
jus`ogss.
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Xypgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt
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Xypgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt
Tgrk Jbsg Juhegt`oe - Cgbturgs
2. Gvgry cuolt`kobi abobegr nbs tk dust`cy gbln kc n`s
juhegt prkpksbi `o `ts got`rgty
:. Xngy nbvg tk prkv`hg skuoh prblt`lbi dust`c`lbt`kos ckr4
Gbln bssuapt`ko ckr pnys`lbi pgrckrabolg boh turokvgr
Gvgry prkpksbi ckr gxpgoh`turg Hgaboh ckr rgskurlg biiklbt`ko
Blt`ko pk`ots w`tn jus`ogss prklgssgs ckr bln`gv`oe
gbln tbregt
<. Ok juhegt prkpksbi `s bllgptgh s`apiy jglbusg `t wbshkog `o tng pbst kr nbs jggo prkpksgh jbsgh ko tng
sbag bssuapt`ko
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Xypgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt (lkoth.)
Tgrk Jbsg Juhegt`oe - \tgps
2. Hgc`og kjdglt`vgs kc juhegt`oe `o i`og w`tn tnksg kc tngh`v`s`kos, prkhult erkups boh tng lkapboy bs b wnkig
:. Gvbiubtg bitgrobt`vg wbys kc bln`gv`oe tng juhegtghkjdglt`vgs
<. Bssgss lkst glkoka`ls kc gbln prkpksbi
8. Vrgh`lt lkosgqugolg kc okt prkpks`oe tng tng ogxt jgst
bitgrobt`vg blt`ko ktngr tnbo tng kog sgigltgh bs tng
juhegt prkpksbi
Akst kc tn g jus`ogss krebo`sbt `kos o prblt `lg cki ikw b
nyjr `h systga kc juhegt`oe “ lkaj`obt `ko kc zgrk jbsg
boh lkovgot `kobi agtnkhs
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Xypgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt (lkoth.)
Z`e`h Juhegt
Juhegt `s okt lnboegh gvgo `c tng bssuapt`kos
uohgrek lnboegs ckr rgbskos jgykoh lkotrki
\uln lnboegs brg okt gccgltgh gvgo `c tng bltubikpgrbt`ko `s bt ikwgr kr n`engr igvgi tnbo tng juhegt
Sbr`bolgs brg gxpib`ogh w`tn dust`c`lbt`kos n`eni`ent`oe Lnboegs `o bltubi gov`rkoagot v`s-æ-v`s tng juhegt
bssuapt`kos
Gccglts kc suln lnboegs `o pgrckrabolg
Lkrrglt`vg blt`kos rgqu`rgh tk t`hg kut tng bhvgrsg gccglts
Blt`kos rgqu`rgh tk abx`a`sg pgrckrabolg `o lbsg kccbvkurbjig hgvgikpagots `o tng gov`rkoagot
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Xypgs kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt (lkoth.)
Cigx`jig Juhegt
Juhegts brg prgpbrgh ko tng ckiikw`oe jbsgs4
b. Igvgi kc blt`v`t`gs `o tgras prkhult`ko/ sbigs kr uo`ts kcsgrv`lgs
j. Zbtg, y`gih, prkhult`v`ty kc abo, abln`og, skctwbrg= vbr`bjiglksts, gtl. pgr uo`t kc `oput
l. \gbskobi cbltkrs ckr (b) boh (j)
h. C`xgh lksts ckr tng pgr`kh
g. Vrkc`t `s hgtgra`ogh lkos`hgr`oe tng bjkvg `olkags bohgxpgosgs
U`tn lnboegs `o bltubi pgrckrabolg ckr uolkotrkiibjig rgbskos,
juhegts `o rgspglt kc (j), (l) boh (h) brg bisk lnboegh, Xnus biikws tng juhegt tk jg lnboegh bllkrh`oe tk tng lurrgot
lkoh`t`kos boh e`vgs `t b lnbrbltgr kc cigx`j`i`ty.
Sbr`bt`kos crka juhegt oggh okt jg gxpib`ogh tk tng gxtgot tngybrg hug tk lnboegs `o lkoh`t`kos jgykoh lkotrki.
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Igoetn kc Juhegt Vgr`khB. Pgbriy Juhegt
2. Egogrbiiy prgpbrgh ckr tng ogxt c`obol`bi ygbr
:. Lbigohgr`sbt`ko ckr gbln akotn lkos`hgr`oe sgbskobiciultubt`kos
J. Zkii`oe Juhegt
2. Vrgpbrgh ckr tng ogxt twgivg akotns‐ pgr`kh tk stbrt w`tn
:. Bctgr c`o`sn`oe kc gbln akotn kr qubrtgr, juhegt ckr tngsbag akotn kr qubrtgr `o tng ogxt ygbr `s prgpbrgh twgivgakotns `o bhvbolg
<. Xnus juhegt`oe `s b lkot`oukus gxgrl`sg
8. Ogxt twgivg akotns‐ juhegt `s biwbys bvb`ibjig
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Hgvgikpagot
kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt
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Hgvgikpagot kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt
\tgps
Jkttka-up Bpprkbln
2. C`obi „Vgrckrabolg Juhegt‐ `s prgpbrgh jy
lkoski`hbt`oe tng juhegts kc
@oh`v`hubi prkc`t lgotrg boh lkst lgotrg, kr
Gbln typg kc prkhult kr sgrv`lg
:. Xng juhegt kc gbln prkc`t lgotrg boh lkst lgotrg kr bprkhult `o turo `s hgvgikpgh jy lkoski`hbt`oe tngjuhegts kc gbln cuolt`kobi brgb i`mg4
Abrmgt`oe, \bigs boh H`str`jut`ko
Vrkhult`ko/ \grv`lg Kutput boh Ab`otgobolg Vrklurgagot boh Ike`st`ls
Vgrskoogi boh Bha`o`strbt`ko
C`obolg
Lbp`tbi gxpgoh`turg
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Hgvgikpagot kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt … :
\tgps (lkoth.)
<. Vrgpbrbt`ko ckr gbln cuolt`kobi juhegt stbrts w`tn4
Gvbiubt`ko kc tng cbltkrs/ rgbskos kc sullgss bohcb`iurgs `o tng rglgot pbst
Bobiysgs kc pr`ol`pbi/ lr`t`lbi cbltkrs ckr cuturgpgrckrabolg
\UKX bobiys`s
\tgps tk jg tbmgo ckr lkajbt`oe tnrgbts bohbvb`i`oe kc kppkrtuo`t`gs
\tgps tk jg tbmgo ckr curtngr `aprkv`oe strgoetnsboh a`o`a`s`oe wgbmogssgs
8. Juhegt ckr gbln cuolt`kobi brgb `s prgpbrgh bctgrlkos`hgr`oe cbltkrs, spgl`c`l boh pglui`br tk `ts brgb kc
kpgrbt`ko
H i c V c J h <
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Hgvgikpagot kc Vgrckrabolg Juhegt … <
\tgps (lkoth.)
Xkp-hkwo Bpprkbln
Xng ckiikw`oe stgps brg ckiikwgh4
Juhegt kc tng got`rg krebo`sbt`ko `s c`rst prgpbrgh
@oh`v`hubi prkc`t/ lkst lgotrg `s e`vgo tbregts ckr h`ccgrgotgigagots kc rgvgoug boh lksts
Xngy ckiikw tng sbag prklgss ckr prgpbr`oe tng juhegt bs `olbsg kc jkttka-up bpprkbln. (Nkwgvgr, tng`r ohgpgohgolg sska gwnbt rgstr `ltgh jy tng e`vgo tbregts)
Bt tng t`ag kc beergebt`ko tng sglkoh rgv`gw ckr tnglkoski`hbtgh juhegt `s hkog
V ` ` i J h C Bii C `
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Vr`ol`pbi Juhegt Cbltkr - Bii Cuolt`kos
2. Vr`ol`pbi juhegt cbltkr lbo jg kog kr akrg
:. Xng ckiikw`oe lbo jg tng pr`ol`pbi juhegt cbltkrs4
I`a`tbt`kos `o abrmgt`oe boh hgabohs
I`a`tbt`ko `o lbpbl`ty kc Vibot/ \grv`lg @ocrbstrulturg
I`a`tbt`ko `o bvb`ibj`i`ty kc ikoe/ snkrt tgra cuoh
I`a`tbt`ko `o bvb`ibj`i`ty kc `oputs
Kvgrbii lkrpkrbtg kjdglt`vg, prkc`t boh prkc`tbj`i`ty
Zgeuibtkry prkv`s`kos
Egk-pki`t`lbi boh skl`k-glkoka`l lkoh`t`kos
<. Lkos`hgrbt`ko kc pr`ol`pbi juhegt cbltkr s hgs`rbjig `o prgpbr`oe brgbi`st`l juhegt
8. Xbxbt`ko “ CJX, U`tnnkih`oe Xbx, GH boh \grv`lg Xbx, SBX, Kltrk`
7. @t hrbws pbrt`luibr bttgot`ko kc bii tkwbrhs rgakv`oe suj-kpt`abi`ty
3. Wit`abtgiy tng krebo`sbt`ko prklgghs tnrkuen tng pbtn kc erkwtn bohprkspgr`ty
V t` c C t` i J h t
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Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts
Abrmgt`oe Ckrglbsts & \bigs Juhegt
2.Zgspkos`j`i`ty
Ngbhs kc Abrmgt`oe, \gii`oe boh H`str`jut`ko cuolt`ko
:.Kvgrv`gws
Lkrpkrbtg a`ss`ko, ikoe tgra pibos boh strbtge`gs
\kl`k-glkoka`l boh egk-pnys`lbi gov`rkoagot - hkagst`lboh kvgrsgbs
Vibos boh pki`l`gs kc Ekvgroagots `oliuh`oe kc tnglkuotr`gs kc abdkr kvgrsgbs juygrs
Kvgrbii erkwtn rbtg kc tng `ohustry v`s-æ-v`s tng Lkapboy‐s
erkwtn boh tng tbregtgh abrmgt snbrg Vibos boh strbtge`gs kc gx`st`oe lkapgt`tkrs boh boh tnrgbts
kc crka pktgot`bi lkapgt`tkrs “ hkagst`l boh kvgrsgbs
Lkotgapibtgh lnboeg(s) `o lbpbl`ty, tglnokikey, prkhult
a`x boh stbtus kc vbr`kus prkdglts `o nboh
Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts :
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Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts … :
Abrmgt`oe Ckrglbsts & \bigs Juhegt (lkoth.)
<. Abdkr Cbltkrs Lkos`hgrgh
Krhgrs
@o nboh (tk jg gxglutgh `o cuii) \p`iibegs (pbrtiy gxglutgh)
Kcc-tbmgs `oh`lbtgh jy tng lustkagrs hur`oe tng juhegt ygbr
Xgohgrs/ quktbt`ko suja`ttgh boh lnbolgs kc sullgss
Vrkpksgh lkvgrbeg kc ogw lustkagrs boh/ kr egkerbpn`lbiiklbt`kos jktn hkagst`l boh kvgrsgbs
Vrgvb`i`oe trgoh kc abrmgt pr`lg, lrgh`t tgras, hgi`vgry kpt`kos
@apblt kc lnboegs `o prkhult hgs`eo, qubi`ty boh ut`i`t`gs
Bhh`t`kos tk boh lnboegs abhg `o h`str`jut`ko ogtwkrm kchgbigrs, stklm`sts boh L\Bs, gtl.
Lnboegs `o vkiuags kc lkapigagotbry, sbapig, crggj`gs, `c boy
Vrkpksgh pibos boh prkerbaags ckr bhvgrt`sgagot, sbigsprkakt`ko, trbhg cb`rs, gtl.
\gbskobi ciultubt`ko `o hgabohs boh pr`lg
Oktg4 Abrmgt `oe ju hegt s tng Abstgr Juh egt c prkhult `ko s okt b i `a` t `oe cbltkr .
V t` c C t` i J h t <
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Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts … <
Vrkhult`ko/ Aboucbltur`oe & Juhegt
2. Zgspkos`j`i`ty
Ukrms Abobegr boh Ngbh kc Vrkhult`ko Viboo`oe & Goe`oggr`oeHgpbrtagot
:. Kvgrv`gws
Lkrpkrbtg a`ss`ko, ikoe tgra pibos boh strbtge`gs
Lnboegs lkotgapibtgh `o prkhult`ko/ sgrv`lg lbpbl`ty (jktn
prgsgot boh cuturg) jy agbos kc Gxpbos`ko jy bhh`t`ko kc lkapigtgh gqu`pagot boh cbl`i`t`gs
Gi`a`obt`ko kc jkttigoglms boh jbibol`oe aboucbltur`oe lbpbl`t`gs
Akhgro`sbt`ko
Zglru`tagot
\tbtus kc prkdglts ckr akhgro`sbt`ko, gxpbos`ko, h`vgrs`c`lbt`ko,vbiug bhhgh sgrv`lgs, gtl. `o nboh
Kvgrbii wkrm gov`rkoagot
Lkrpkrbtg pibo ckr lnboeg `o tglnokikey
V t` c C t` i J h t 8
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Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts … 8
Vrkhult`ko & Aboucbltur`oe Juhegt (lkoth.)
<. Abdkr Cbltkrs Lkos`hgrgh
\n`ct ut`i`sbt`ko pibo ckr4 Vrkhult`ko
Zkut`og, prgvgot`vg ab`otgobolg boh booubi kvgrnbui`oe
Xr`bi ruo kc ogw abln`ogs boh abtgr`bis
Vrkhult`v`ty kc abo boh abln`og Bhh`t`kobi kr surpius abopkwgr, prkhult`ko `olgot`vg, gtl. jbsgh
ko wkrm pk`ot-w`sg bobiys`s
Bjsgotgg`sa, kvgrt`ag wkrm`oe boh tgapkrbry abopkwgr
Bvb`ibj`i`ty kc abtgr`bis, sgrv`lgs, lkapkogots, boh ut`i`t`gs
Vibos ckr bol`ibr`sbt`ko kc lkapkogots,
Kutskurl`oe kc abopkwgr, sgrv`lgs, gtl.
Oktg4 Vrkhult `ko j uhegt s tng Abstgr Ju hegt c abrmgt`oe prk dglt `ko s
okt b i `a`t `oe cbltkr
V t` c C t` i J h t 7
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Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts … 7
Abtgr`bis boh @oput \grv`lgs
2. Zgspkos`j`i`ty
Ngbhs kc Vrklurgagot boh Abtgr`bis Abobegagot suppkrtgh jy ngbhskc Xrgbsury boh Vrkhult`ko Viboo`oe & Goe`oggr`oe
:. Kvgrv`gws
Lbigohgr`sgh prkdglt`ko kc prkhult-w`sg prkhult`ko boh sgbskobiciultubt`ko, `c boy
Bvb`ibj`i`ty kc wkrm`oe lbp`tbi c`obolg Cbl`i`t`gs boh tng`r lbpbl`t`gs ckr stkrbeg boh nbohi`oe
@oh`rglt Xbx piboo`oe
<. Abdkr Cbltkrs Lkos`hgrgh
\tklm kc abtgr`bis `o nboh boh krhgrs pgoh`oe w`tn suppi`grs @oput-kutput rgibt`kosn`p kc abdkr h`rglt abtgr`bis
\uppi`grs‐ pgrckrabolg boh rgi`bj`i`ty - slnghuig, qubi`ty, pr`lg,
Igbh t`ag, krhgr`oe lkst, sbcgty/ juccgr stklm igvgi,
Xrgoh `o pr`lgs kc abdkr `oputs `oliuh`oe ut`i`t`gs
V t` c C t` i J h t 3
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Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts … 3
Abtgr`bis boh @oput \grv`lgs (lkoth.)
<. Abdkr Cbltkrs Lkos`hgrgh (lkoth.)
Lnboegs `o Ekvgroagots‐ pibos, pki`l`gs boh igv`gs
Bpprkblngs boh rgqugsts crka ogw suppi`grs `oliuh`oe crkakvgrsgbs abrmgt
Hgaboh ckr `oputs br`s`oe kut kc erkwtn boh bitgrobt`vg usgs
Zgsuit kc vbiug goe`oggr`oe, ckr abtgr`bi/ `oput skctwbrgsujst`tut`ko gxgrl`sg
Glkoka`ls kc juim juy`oe
Vibos boh pki`l`gs ckr kutskurl`oe kc sga`-c`o`sngh `oputs bohsgrv`lgs, boh sk ko
Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts 5
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Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts … 5
Abopkwgr & Gstbji`snagot Gxpgosgs2. Zgspkos`j`i`ty
Ngbh kc NZ cuolt`ko suppkrtgh jy ngbhs kc cuolt`kos blrkss tngkrebo`sbt`kos
:. Kvgrv`gws
Lkrpkrbtg pibos boh strbtge`gs ckr nuabo rgskurlg hgvgikpagot
\pgl`c`l stbtg kc bccb`rs `o boy erkup kr hgpbrtagot‐s gapikyggs
Lkrpkrbtg pibo ckr4 Akhgro`sbt`ko, gxpbos`ko boh h`vgrs`c`lbt`ko
Lnboegs `o tglnokikey boh butkabt`ko
H`slkot`oubt`ko kc boy prkhult/ sgrv`lg, uo`t kr sgeagot kckpgrbt`ko hug tk kutskurl`oe
\kl`k-glkoka`l boh pki`t`lbi gov`rkoagot
Egogt`l Goe`oggr`oe “ `ohult`oe, juhh`oe boh erbct`oe
Vibos ckr rbt`kobi`sbt`ko kc lkapgosbt`ko strulturg “ Akv`oetkwbrhs akrg pbyagots i`omgh tk pgrckrabolg
@ohustry stbohbrhs
Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts >
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Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts … >
Abopkwgr & Gstbji`snagot Gxpgosgs (lkoth.)
<. Abdkr Cbltkrs Lkos`hgrgh
@ot`abt`ko crka kpgrbt`oe hgpbrtagots rgebrh`oe bhh`t`kobirgqu`rgagot boh/kr surpius abopkwgr
\lkpgs ckr rg-hgpikyagot kc abopkwgr tnrkuen auit`-sm`ii`oe
boh trb`o`oe boh hgvgikpagot
Lnboegs `o @olkag Xbx Zuigs Xrb`o`oe, prkakt`ko, trboscgrs, rgt`rgagot, SZ\, gtl.
Bj`i`ty tk pby - prkc`t boh prkc`tbj`i`ty kc tng krebo`sbt`ko
Xgras kc Gapikyagot, Gapikyggs‐ Aboubi boh Ikoe Xgra
\gttigagot, gtl.
Zgpkrts ko dkj gvbiubt`ko boh agr`t rbt`oe
Hgaboh boh suppiy kc Nuabo Zgskurlgs bt tng abrmgt piblg
Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts >
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Vrgpbrbt`ko kc Cuolt`kobi Juhegts … > Egogrbi Gxpgoh`turg B typ`lbi agtnkh ckr juhegt`oe Egogrbi & Bha`o`strbt`koGxpgosgs uohgr gbln ngbh4
Ibst ygbr‐s bltubi gxpgosgs
A`ousGxpgosgs ckr ibst ygbr‐s kog t`ag blt`v`t`gs
A`ousXbregtgh rghult`ko crka okrabi gxpgosgs
A`ousZghult`ko br`s`oe kut kc piboogh h`slkot`oubt`ko kc kih kpgrbt`kos
ViusGxpgosgs ckr ogw blt`v`t`gs lkotgapibtgh ckr tng juhegt ygbr
ViusGxpgosgs ckr tng juhegt ygbr‐s kog t`ag blt`v`t`gs
Vius/ A`ous@ocibt`kobry bhdustagot
Vius/ A`ous@olrgbsg/ hglrgbsg hug tk stbtutkry prkv`s`kos
Vius/ A`ous@olrgbsg/ hglrgbsg hug tk lnboegs `o rgeuibtkry prkv`s`kos
Gqubi tk Ogxt ygbr‐s juhegtgh gxpgosgs
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Juhegtbry Lkotrki
Juhegtbry Lkotrki
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Juhegtbry Lkotrki 2. Akst crgqugotiy usgh boh gccglt`vg „Xkki ckr Vgrckrabolg Lkotrki‐
:. Gbsy boh s`apig ckr bppi`lbt`ko
<. \tgps o juhegtbry lkotrki
Bltubi pgrckrabolg `s rglbst `o i`og w`tn gigagots kc juhegt
Sbr`bolgs jgtwggo juhegt boh bltubi brg lbiluibtgh
Zgbskos brg bobiysgh ckr bii vbr`bolgs `o tgras kc
Abeo`tuhg
Lkapgosbtkry
Zgibt`vg
\ujdglt`vg
Zgbskos brg libss`c`gh `o tng ckiikw`oe aboogr4
Gxtgrobi - lkotrkiibjig
Gxtgrobi - oko lkotrkiibjig @otgrobi - bvk`hbjig/ lkotrkiibjig
@otgrobi - oko-lkotrkiibjig
Xbregts brg gbsy `o lbsg kc ibreg pks`t`vg vbr`bolg
Xbregts brg h`cc`luit `o lbsg kc ibreg ogebt`vg vbr`bolg
Juhegtbry Lkotrki :
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Juhegtbry Lkotrki … : \tgps `o juhegtbry lkotrki (lkoth.)
Lkrrglt`vg agbsurgs tbmgo boh `apigagotgh ckr
@aagh`btg rgsuits
Agh`ua tgra rgsuits
Ikoe tgra rgsuits
„\trbtge`l Vibos‐ kc tng lkapboy brg rgv`s`tgh
Lkrpkrbtg boh Vgrspglt`vg Vibos brg bisk rgv`s`tgh
Lkaauo`lbt`kos brg sgot tk bii lkolgrogh bt bii igvgis
Juhegt Aboubi
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Juhegt Aboubi@t `s b lkaprgngos`vg hkluagot lkotb`o`oe egogrbiiy tng ckiikw`oeeu`hgi`ogs ckr prgpbr`oe juhegt4
2. Kjdglt`vgs syolnrko`sgh w`tn tng kjdglt`vg kc tng krebo`sbt`ko
:. Zgspkos`j`i`t`gs kc gapikyggs kc h`ccgrgot cuolt`kobi brgbs blrksstng igvgis
<. Igoetn kc juhegt pgr`kh boh tng rgqu`rgh pgr`kh`lbi jrgbm up
8. Ckrabt`ko kc juhegt lkaa`ttggs - bt tng cuolt`kobi igvgi, prkc`tlgotgr igvgi boh tng lkrpkrbtg igvgi ckr prgpbrbt`ko boh rgv`gw
7. Hut`gs boh rgspkos`j`i`t`gs kc tng Juhegt Abobegr ckr prgpbrbt`koboh gxgrl`s`oe juhegtbry lkotrki
3. Vrklghurgs tk jg ckiikwgh ckr lkaputgr`sgh lkotrki
Juhegt Aboubi :
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Juhegt Aboubi …: @t `s b lkaprgngos`vg hkluagot lkotb`o`oe egogrbiiy tng ckiikw`oeeu`hgi`ogs ckr prgpbr`oe juhegt4
5. Ckrabts ckr prgpbr`oe juhegt jgc`tt`oe tng kpgrbt`kos bohcuolt`kobi brgbs tk gosurg uo`ckra`ty boh stbohbrh`sbt`ko
>. Xypg kc juhegt`oe “ Xrbh`t`kobi kr Tgrk-jbsgh boh Z`e`h kr Cigx`jig
0. Eu`hgi`ogs ckr lbtgekr`sbt`ko kc kvgrngbhs “ Sbr`bjig boh c`xgh bs
wgii bs bllkrh`oe tk obturbi/ cuolt`kobi ngbh
26.Eu`hgi`ogs ckr lkapbr`sko boh vbr`bolg bobiys`s “ Ibst ygbr‐s
bltubi, ibst ygbr‐s juhegt, Lkrpkrbtg Vibo, \tbohbrhs, Lkapgt`tkrs‐
pgrckrabolg, gtl.
22.I`st kc c`obol`bi stbtgagots tk jg suja`ttgh boh ckrabts ckr tngrgkc “ Vrkc`t & Ikss \tbtgagot, Jbibolg \nggt, Lbsn Cikw \tbtgagot,Hgtb`igh @olkag boh Gxpgosgs \tbtgagots boh Sbr`bolg Bobiys`s
2:.Krebo`sbt`ko-spgl`c`l `ssugs
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;Pkur Rugst`kos