By Katherine Pitcher, Isabelle Wal, Margaret Doyle, Kait Luncher, Hannah Purvis, Anaca Reed, and Sophia Dettling
bestfreeclipart.com; solarfeeds.com
1880-1894—European powers rapidly colonized Africa
King Leopold II hired Sir Henry Stanley to help him acquire land in the Congo Basin
Dr. David Livingstone opened Africa’s interior and spread Christianity and awareness to end slavery.
Advances in transportation, medicine, and military power also contributed
http://wfps.k12.mt.us/teachers/carmichaelg/new_page_34.htm
Great Britain: Egypt and dreams of "Cape to Cairo”France: active trade in West AfricaBelgium: King Leopold II struggled for land around the Congo River
http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/teachers/curriculum/m9/activity4.php
English financer/businessman
Lived in South Africa became prime minister of
Cape Colony Dreamed of acquiring
British colonies from south to north
Build a railroad from Cape Town to Cairo
Competed against other European powers with similar motives “The Rhodes Colossus” ajdrake.com
France tried to link its colonies from west to east (Senegal to Djibouti) Lead to the Fashoda
Incident and eventual defeat of France
Portuguese also tried to link their colonies
Economic issues kept Britain from building the railroad
Map of Africa and European control, 1914memoryofthisimpertinence.blogspot.com
Beginning of 19th century, few people were practicing Christianity, most were practicing Islam
10,000 missionaries were working at the height of imperialism
Missionaries were spreading Protestant, Catholic, and Anglican branches of Christianity
Important missionary from Scotland
Believed that Christianity could help stop slavery
Traveled from eat to west spreading Christianity to as many people as possible havelshouseofhistory.com
1884-1885 Colonization of virtually all of Africa by
European powers Called together by Otto von Bismarck
of Germany Before, 80 percent of Africa under
local rule Afterwards political boundaries divided
Africa into 50 irregular countrieswysinger.homestead.com
New country boundaries divided coherent groups of people and merged groups that didn’t get along
Congo was originally “neutral” and open to trade Was then claimed by
Belgium’s King Leopold II
wysinger.homestead.com
South Africa is a world leader in mining
Imperialism emerged with the discovery of gold and diamond
Dutch came and utilized Cape of Good Hope as fueling station British later took
over In order to ensure a
profit, British took full power of African laborAfricaoil.ning.com
Some of world’s largest goldfields
End of 1871—50,000 people lived in Kimberley mining camp
Cecil Rhodes gained control at age 16
Imperialism over African slaves provoked racial discrimination Led to Apartheid
Cecil Rhodes,notablebiographies.com
Brittanica.com
The Boer war was between the British and the two, Boer Republics of Transvaal and Orange Free State
Boers were descendents of Dutch settlers, who lived in the area of what we call South Africa
Boers had tried to get away from British rule, and set up their own republics elsewhere
Valuable resources such as diamond and gold, were found in the Boer Republics, causing war to break out between the two groups http://www.infobarrel.com/media/
image/1582.jpg
British used extremely cruel and harsh tactics to get the Boers to surrender, such as concentration camps
After 3 years at war, the Boers finally surrendered in 1902
The two republics were put under British control and united with the Cape Colony, creating the union of South Africa
This creation was the start of the years of racial segregation to come, because the government set up by British rule was run by Whites
http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lyiytjy4Io1qbvnui.jpg
• Series of laws were passed by an all white parliament, which chipped away at the rights of blacks
• Mines and Work Act of 1911 and 1926
• Whites received higher wages than blacks
• 1913 Native Land Act• Daniel Malan; Prime Minister
Historycentral.com
Apartheid: Based on African word for separation; system of racial segregation and white supremacy
Apartheid governed every aspect of peoples life
1950 Population Registration Act
Blacks were issued passbooks Blacks could be arrested if
not having the passes upload.wikimedia.org; www.macalester.edu
Africa: Continent in the Balance. Philadelphia: Mason Crest, 2005. Print.
http://wombat.cusd.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/scramble/ http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialism/a/
ScrambleWhy.htm\ http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/livingstone_david.shtml http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/empires/0048.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/ 501604/Cecil-John-
Rhodes http://www.wholesomewords.org/mission/bliving3.html http://apsva.us/page/13028 http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/imperialism.+19th-century+European http://lakeplacidcsd.net/lpcsweb.highschool/time/impreli.html http://www.bbb.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofaftrica/
8chapter4.shtml http://school.eb.com/eb/article-43774?query=christian
%20missionaries %20in520africa&ct=null http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/boer_wars_01.shtml
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WARboer.htm