Social studies Flash cards
Bye Alexiaus Nichols
The Great Awakening
Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s. Preached ideas that went against Puritan
beliefs and teachings. JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best known
preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”, urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God.
This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion.
The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the Great Awakening.
William Penn
William Penn established a colony in North America as a refuge for Quakers. The land grant from the King was called “Pennsylvania” or Penn’s Woods. Supported toleration of the Native Americans, freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require citizens to serve in the militia.
Believed that each person was equal and allowed them to elect their own government officials.
Benjamin Franklin
Inventor, Scientist, Founding Father 1706 – 1790 Published Poor Richard’s Almanack; sayings in his book helped
shape the American character, such as “early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
Founded the first public library in the colonies, supported education; Post Master General for all the colonies
Scientist: Enlightenment: believed that through study and knowledge a person could improve his position in life
Member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence
Created the Albany Plan of Union – the first attempt to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War
Considered to be the “first civilized American” Invented the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin
stove
Explain the reasons for the development of representative government in Colonial America
Representative governments often develop to meet the political, economic, and social needs of the people who hold similar beliefs.
Major Eras and Events in U.S. History – Colonial America
Exploration and Colonization Establishment of the 13 colonies Representative Democracy Mercantilism Religious Freedom
What are some reasons for European colonization of North America
Reasons for ColonizationReligious freedomPolitical freedom
Economic opportunity (mercantilism)Social mobility
Religious Freedom
What are some reasons for European Exploration
Reasons for Exploration: Religion Wealth Fame
National pride Curiosity
Faster, cheaper trade routes to Asia
Political reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies
Political Reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:
Political Competition with Spain and France who
already had many colonies in North America
Increase trade and markets for English exports (mercantilism)
Source of raw materials
Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies
Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:
Seeking religious freedom
Freedom from persecution for religious beliefs
Reasons for Growth of Representative Government and Institutions During the Colonial Period
Distance from England created a need for colonists to make their own laws and keep peace and order
Colonists were accustomed to English traditions and structures (Parliament)
Most colonies were self-governing, electing members of their community to a general assembly, which made their laws
Social reasons for establishingthe 13 English Colonies
Social reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies
Opportunity for adventure and a better way of life
England was overcrowded and settlers desired their own land
How did Religion and Virtue Contribute to the Growth of Representative Government in the American Colonies
Religious freedom was a cause for the establishment of the American colonies
Religious groups: Quakers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and others) creating communities that were self-governed.
Penn colony (Pennsylvania) was an experiment in the possibility of equality and citizens involved in the government
Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Slaves During the Colonial Period
Slaves During the Colonial Period:
Political – no political voice; no rights
Economic – labor of the Plantation System; considered property; children considered property and sold with no regard to parents
Social – viewed as property; viewed as outside the American identity
Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Colonization
Proximity to the Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created
Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict; for example, Georgia was a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida
Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Free Blacks During the Colonial Period
Free Blacks During the Colonial Period
Political – no political voice; limited / restricted rights
Economic – low wage earners
Social – lowest social class; limited access to education; socially isolated
1607
Year in which representatives of the Virginia Company of London established the first permanent English settlement in North America at
Jamestown, Virginia.
Mayflower Compact
Written in 1620 by male Pilgrims on the Mayflower. Created government where none had existed based on majority rule.
A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules in
the colonies.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
First written constitution in the colonies; document that people had the right to elect governors,
judges, and a legislature. Was written by the people; the fact that it was written down gave
the document credibility.
Mercantilism
Economic theory in which a nation’s wealth is based on the amount of revenue is generated from its colonies.
The more gold and silver a nation has determine its wealth.
Slave Trade
The buying and selling of millions of Africans to North America.
Plantation System
System of agricultural production based on large scale landownership; depended upon slave labor; Assisted
in the development of an agrarian society
in the South
Triangular Trade Route
Trade route from
Europe→AfricaAfrica→West IndiesWest Indies→Europe
First elected body of representatives in the American colonies; met in Williamsburg, Virginia.Based on Parliament.
House of Burgesses
New England Colonies
Along the Atlantic CoastSubsistence farmingPoor soilCold climateForests
Economic factors: raw materials, logging, fishing shipbuildingPolitical factors: town meetings, representative governmentSocial factors: small coastal towns (Boston only large city)Religious factors: Puritans, Pilgrims
Southern ColoniesAppalachian MountainsNavigable riversRicher soilWarm climateRaw materialsEconomic factors: plantations, cash crops, tobacco, rice, cottonPolitical factors: more slaves, more class-based societySocial factors and small coastal towns (Savannah, Charleston were large cities)Religious factors: Church of England, Catholics (Maryland), more diverse
Middle ColoniesRich soilBroad, deep riversMore natural portsRiver valleysMild wintersRaw materialsEconomic factors: large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuildingPolitical factors: more tolerance; diversitySocial factors small coastal towns (Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York were large cities)Religious factors: Quakers, Catholics
Effects of Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Major Historical and Contemporary Events
Physical geographic factors – proximity to Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created
The NewEngland Middle colonies had access to waterways that resulted in high population and larger urban areas.
Southern colonies had an abundant amount of fertile soil that resulted in an agricultural society
Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict (ex. Georgia as a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida)
American Revolution Era, 1775 - 1783
Taxation without Representation Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Unalienable Rights Battles of Lexington and Concord,
Saratoga, and Yorktown Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation