Cable Television in Japan
May 26, 2017
Japan Cable Laboratories
Overview of
Japanese Cable Television industry
2
RetransmissionTerrestrial TV and
Broadcasting Satellite (BS)
RetransmissionTerrestrial TV and
Broadcasting Satellite (BS)Cable Television
ChannelsNews, sports, movies, etc
Cable Television Channels
News, sports, movies, etc
Community ChannelLocal programming by
Cable TV stations
Community ChannelLocal programming by
Cable TV stations
Internet &IP TelephonyInternet &
IP TelephonyVideo On DemandVideo On Demand
TV Station
Cable TV Station
Fiscal year 2014Number of Commercial Operators: 294Total Commercial Revenues: 497.5 billion JYen
The first Japanese cable television station began operation in 1955, two years afterJapan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) started television broadcasting, to retransmitNHK programs to a spring resort 150 kilometers north of Tokyo.
As of March 2015, cable television reaches 52.2% of Japanese households, with29.2 million subscribers (households), of which 9.8 million subscribe to paidchannels
Japanese Cable Television
3
※ 平成22年度までの統計値は、自主放送を行う旧許可施設及び旧電気通信役務利用放送法 の登録を受けた者の設備(旧有線役務利用放送設備)の加入世帯数、普及率の推移。
:RF方式
:IPマルチキャスト方式
:普及率:普及率(RFのみ)
〔10K households〕 〔Penetration %〕
789
9431044
1300
1514
16541788
1913
20612194
2301
24712602 2656 2707
2767 2817 2852
10
1723
46
70
90109 98
97 101 96
38
40.342.3
4446.7
48.8 49.6 50 49.8 50.4 50.6
17
2021.8
26.8
31.133.2
35.9
38.2
40.6
42.944.9
48
50.451.6 51.8 51.5 52.2 52.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
10年度 11年度 12年度 13年度 14年度 15年度 16年度 17年度 18年度 19年度 20年度 21年度 22年度 23年度 24年度 25年度 26年度 27年度
Yearly Increase of Cable Television Subscribers
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2015
RFIP MulticastPenetrationPenetration (RF)
×▲
(Source: MIC)4
4,257 4,807 5,061
5,812 6,534
7,101 7,399
8,320 9,088 9,238
10,358 10,567
12,520 12,853
3,076 3,330 3,533 3,850 4,050 4,746 4,667
5,134 5,437 5,177 4,930 5,030 4,975 5,003
2,956 3,057 3,244 3,467 3,7624,364 4,309 4,623 4,883 4,757 4,474 4,607 4,468 4,468
120 272 288 383 288 382 358 511 555 420 456 423 507 535
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
H14… H15… H16… H17… H18… H19… H20… H21… H22… H23… H24… H25… H26… H26…
100 Million JYen
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
(Fiscal)
Yearly Increase of Cable Television Revenue
Total revenue(incl. telecom revenue )
Cable TV revenueOperating costsOperating revenue
(Source: MIC)5
3,286 3,410 3,493 3,530 3,601 3,680 3,724 3,739 3,761 3,781 3,824 3,849 3,874
1,780
2,022 2,230
2,385 2,531
2,661 2,704 2,729 2,757 2,787 2,834 2,867 2,900
974 820
670
542 447 375 358 344 332 320 310 299 288
531 567 591
601 623 643 661 665 671 673 679 683 686
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2010.3 2011.3 2012.3 2013.3 2014.3 2015.3 2015.6 2015.9 2015.12 2016.3 2016.6 2016.9 2016.12
Fixed Broadband FTTH DSL CATV internet FWA
(10k subscribers)
(Source: MIC)
Broadband Services Subscribers
6
Evolution of Japanese Cable STB and Services
7
Evolution of Cable STB in Japan
1953 1960 1989 1996 2010 2014B/W(SD)
Color TV(SD)
Muse(Analog HD)
Digital TV(SD/HD)
20132008IPTV
2016
Accelerated evolution after 2008
Smart TV
YouTube
OTTHulu
Single Platform
GoogleTV
AppleTV
Manufacturers Platform
SamsungPanasonic
acTVila
Broadcasters Platform
HbbTV HybridcastGoogle
PlayApp
Store
High
Qu
ality Vid
eo
Large Display, Less power consumption
Large LCD
OLED
UHDHD
VR/AR
• Downloadable applications• Interactive with smartphones and home network• ITU-T J.295/296 (Hybrid Cable STB)
2nd Generation STBSmart TV compatible
ImprovedUI/UX
HTML5 DAE
Home Network
DLNA
Smart TVSmart TV
4K/8K4K/8K
• 4K Video• 5.1ch audio• ITU-T J.297 (4K Cable STB)
4K UHDTV
1st Generation Digital STB
8
Netflix
SD
H.265HEVC
H.262MPEG2
H.264MPEG4 AVC
Smart TV services with 2nd Gen STB
HOME NETWORK
Wi-Fi
2nd Gen STB
CableOperator
Internet
BillingBillingIDID SearchSearch
Recom-mend
Recom-mend
Smartphone & Tablet
HFC (DOCSIS) or FTTH
Mobile NW(3G, 3.9G, 4G), Wi-Fi
ContentContent MetadataMetadata
APPAPP
Common APPs (Games, Widgets, Tools, etc)Common APPs (Games, Widgets, Tools, etc)
Multiple DVR
NAS
Content to go
Cable Portal
Widget
Internet VideoInternet Radio
Target Ad.
Remote UI(2nd screen)
Service Delivery Platform (SDP)
UIInteractive
content
Multi-device
HTML5, Android ApplicationsHTML5, Android Applications
9
3rd Generation STB
3rd Gen STB
4K UHDTV
Remote Viewing
on the road
MirroringPersonalized PortalEPGRemote control
Multi-device
Services for and in collaboration with tablets and smartphones
10
国内における4Kサービス取り組み状況
2014 2015 2016
2017 2018 2019 20201Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q
NexTV-F
Terrestrial
BroadcastingSatellite 110°E
Communications Satellite 110°E
CS124°/128°
NTT PlalaIP VoD
③
AcTVilaIP VoD
Cable TV 4K
Cable TV 4KIP VOD
Cable TV 4KRF VOD
No Plan
Experimental 4K/8K
(ch.17)
Sky Perfect 4K (Commercial Service)
March 2015
Hikari TV 4K
Oct 2014
4K AcTVila
Retransmission of
Channel 4K (RF/IP)
Milplus 4K
May 2015
Dec 2014
Apr 2016
Bro
ad
caste
rs
Telc
oC
ab
le T
V
Channel 4K (Experimental Satellite
Service on CS 124/128 )
4K Services in Japan
J:COM On Demand
Cable 4K(IP)
Experimental 4K
(JSAT-110A LHCP)
Commercial 4K
(LHCP)
Commercial 4K/8K
(RHCP & LHCP)
Cable 4K(RF)
BS ch.17 (TS)
11
• Cable 4K RF & IP– Cable 4K RF with 64 bit encryption
– Cable 4K IP with Marlin CAS/DRM (AES128 encryption)
• New cable channels with AES 128 encryption (ACAS)– In anticipation of Hollywood 4K movies
• Retransmission of Advanced Satellite Broadcasting– AES 128 encryption (ACAS)
– MMT (MPEG Media Transport) in place of MPEG2 TS
• IP VoD– MPEG DASH
– Common Encryption Scheme (CENC) (ITU-T J.1005/1006)
12
4K services supported by 3rd Gen. STB
Cable TV stations
Content Providers
Production
Compilation
Japan Cable and TelecommunicationsAssociation (JCTA)
Policy making and supervision for
content production and compilation
Distribution
JDS局JDS局JDS局Cable Headend
JDS局JDS局JDS局Cable Headend
NW NWRF RFIP IP
Cable 4K Platform
Cable 4K Content Distribution Scheme
13
Cable 4K RF Transmission System
AJC-CMS
Content
AContent
BContent
CA‘ B‘ C‘ Channels
A‘ B’ C’
Subscriber Management System
(SMS)
Mu
ltiplexe
r
IP Tran
smissio
n(
IP→
TS)
IP Tran
smissio
n(
TS→IP
)
ContentContent Cable Operator HECable Operator HECable PlatformCable Platform SubscriberSubscriber
STBSTB
PSI/SIPSI/SI
Scramb
ler
CAS Server
CASECM/EMM
EPGEPG
4K TV4K TV
HEVCFile
Encoder
Pla
you
t S
tora
ge
64QAM
64QAM
NITNIT
All Japan CableContent Management System
25Mbit/s bitrate
14
A‘ B‘ C‘
L3/SWHEVCFile
Encoder
Serv
ers
Authentication & Authorization
Server
Permission, etc
STBSTB
Cable 4K IP Transmission System
ContentContent Cable Operator HECable Operator HECable PlatformCable Platform SubscriberSubscriber
Pla
you
t S
tora
ge
AJC-CMS
Content
AContent
BContent
C
All Japan CableContent Management System
CMTS
OLTL3/SW
Subscriber Management System (SMS)
Configuration
SI
SNTP
DRM (Marlin)
4K TV4K TV
15
New cables channels with AES128
• Use of ACAS (AES 128 Encryption)– This is in response to US MovieLabs Specification for
Enhanced Content Protection, which defines the following, among others:
• Use of a cypher of AES 128 or better
• Can revoke and renew versions of client component
• Provision of hardware root of trust (HRoT)
– The same CAS system as the Advanced Satellite Broadcasting (next slide)
• Use of H.265 HEVC and H.264/AVC– This enables up to four times more efficient bandwidth
usage than the existing cable channels.
16
Retransmission of advanced satellite service
• Ten (10) 4K channels on Japanese Broadcasting Satellite (BS) starting in December 2018– Ten (10) 4K channels (6 on right-hand circular polarization
(RHCP), 4 on left-hand circular pol (LHCP))
– One (1) 8K channel on LHCP
• New equipment required to carry those services over cable:– HE and STB to send and receive MMT (MPEG Media
Transport) replacing MPEG-2 TS
– CAS system with 128bit AES (ACAS)
– HDR TV (HLG)
– For 8K, HE and STB capable of channel bonding scheme as defined in Annex A of ITU-T J.183
17
MMT (MPEG Media Transport)
• ISO/IEC 23008 (March 2014)MPEG-H: High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments
• MMT is defined as Part 1 of MPEG-H
• MPEG-H suite includes HEVC (H.265) as Part 2
Part 1: MPEG Media Transport (MMT)
Part 2: High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)
Part 3: 3D Audio
Part 10: FEC Codes for MPEG Media Transport
Part 11: Composition coding for MMT
18
BroadcastNW
Telco NW
TimeSync
NTP SI MMTP
NTP SI MMTP
Example:Main video via broadcasting network, while videos from different cameras via telco network
URL
リプレイ
Advantage of MMT
• MMT has the following features which overcome the shortcomings of MPEG-2 TS:
1. Can synchronize streams from different sources (e.g. streams from broadcasting and broadband), using NTP
2. Uses variable length packets – suitable for transporting high bit rate streams or large size files
19
Source: ARIB STD-B60 “Media Transport on Digital Broadcasting”
MMT Protocol Stack
MMT packets are annexed to IP header
IP packets are multiplexed* using TLV (Type Length Value) for transmission over digital broadcasting channel
Broadcasting Channel
TLV
UDP/IP
MMT TLV
TMC
C
ContentDownload
NTP
(Timin
g)
Video
HEVC
Audio MM
T-SI
Apps
HTML5AACALS
Sub-title
Sub-titleEncoding
EPG
TMCC: Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration and Control (ISDB system parameters; not on cable channel)
*ITU-R BT.1869
20
Broadcasters’ CAS Security Chip (ACAS)
HRoT by means of a dedicated hardware chip
Path between SoC and the CAS chip is securely encrypted
CAS software renewable by software download
SoC
CASSecurity
Chip
SoftwareDownload
・Scrambler: AES 128・CAS: standardized (one type)・SoC: not dependent on CAS security chip
SAC(authenticated and encrypted)
21
HDR is a technology to extend the luminance of video signal
Two main standards to define HDR transfer functions– HLG :Hybrid Log Gamma
– PQ: Perceptual Quantization
Japanese broadcasters will use HLG for the time being, with PQ for further study
<SDR画像>
<HDR画像>
HDR(High Dynamic Range)
22
ACS (Auto Configuration Server)
Using broadband Forum TR-069 (Technical Report 069: CPE WAN Management Protocol), cable operators can remotely configure and maintain STBs
• Remote configuration
• Diagnostics
• Firmware update
• Collection of audience measurement data
STB
TR-069ACSCable TV
Operators
• Diagnostics• Firmware update• Initial set-up• Re-Configuration
23
HybridcastTM
From NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories web site24
Hybridcast is a Japanese equivalent of Europe’s HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV )
Remote viewing is a service which enables Mobile Digital Media Players (M-DMP) such as smartphones and tablets outside the home, to view broadcasting content (real time and recorded) from Digital Media Servers (DMS) such as TV, STB and recording devices inside the home
Requirements for remote viewing has been developed in consultation with Japanese broadcasters, and now documented in ARIB TR-B14 (in Japanese)
*Next Generation Television & Broadcasting Promotion Forum
Remote Viewing
Home Network
M-DMP
DMS
Can view on-air and recorded cable channels using smartphones
and tablets outside the home
25
STB(DMS)
Mobile Players(M-DMP)
Keeps a list of paired M-DMPs
Remote viewingoutside the home
Gateway(For NAT transversal)
(up to 6)
Paired*
(1) (2) (3)
● ●
Remote Viewing
Mobile players must be paired with a digital media server (DMS) such as STB inside the home, before it is carried outside the home. Up to six players can be paired with a DMS but only one player can use this service at a time.
Media Format(H.264)360P(SD) or 480P(SD)
Optionally: 180P(SD)、720P(HD)、1080P(HD)
*Must be paired every three months
26
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021~
Event
Cable 4K(RF)
Cable 4K(IP)
Advanced BSRetransmission
CablePlatform/Headend
STB
Cable STB Roadmap
MPEG2-TS
MPEG2-TS
・C-CAS (Multi-2)
・Marlin(AES128)
・MMT⇒TS conversion・8K⇒4K transcoding
TS (Experimental ) MMT Commercial Service
・Cable 4K・Remote viewing・Hybridcast
+BS 4KRetransmission
・8K (RF)J.183 (Multiple QAM)
・4K/8K (MMT IP)
・ACAS (AES128)・SimulCrypt: C-CAS and ACAS ・ACS(Auto Configuration Server)
・Reader for “My Number” card・High Dynamic Range (HDR) TV・Google VP9 (OTT)
・120P・22.2ch audio
+BS 8KRetransmission
3rd Gen v1.0 3rd Gen v2.0 3rd Gen v3.0
・C-CAS (Multi2)
PyeongChangRio de JaneiroOlympics
TokyoOlympicsWorld Cup
・ACAS (AES128)
MPEG2-TS ・ACAS (AES128)
27