Camera Functions • Shooting Mode• ISO (film’s sensitivity to light)
• Meter (measures light in a scene and calculates proper exposure)
• Aperture (controls the intensity of light)
• Shutter speed (controls the amount of time light exposes film for)
Shooting Modes• Professional modes:• Manual• Aperture• Shutter• Program • Auto • Portrait • Landscape • Sport (action)• Night
Additional shooting modes:
Portrait: main subject in focus, blurred background
Night Portrait: flash activated, show shutter to expose bkgd
Beach/Snow: Bright light fools meter, will “close down” for detail
Landscape: no flash, distance focusSunset: no flash, silhouette, slow shutter
Closeup/macro: focus very close to lens, use tripod
Backlight: flash activated to “fill in foreground”Off: turns off all settings for manual adjustments
ISO
• Film ISO speed = is the number that indicates the film’s (Camera light sensor CCD) sensitivity to light.
• You must set the ISO on your camera.
• ISO:• (film’s sensitivity to light)• The higher the number, the more
sensitive or ‘faster’ the film; the lower the number, the ‘slower’ the film.
Full ISO’s either double or half as you move from
one to the other 1/2X - 2X
Ex – ISO200 is twice as fast or twice as light sensitive as ISO100. Similarly, ISO200 is half as fast or half as light
sensitive as ISO100.ISO ISO ISO ISO100 200 400 800
ISO (film’s sensitivity to light)
• ISO 50 / ISO 100: Bright Sun, Portrait Mode, Beach, Snow, Indoor Flash
• ISO 200 / ISO400: Cloudy Day, Sports, Fast Shutter Speeds Bright Sun, Landscape
• ISO 400 + : Low Light, Indoor Without a Flash, Night, Fast Shutter Speeds During Cloudy Day
Meter• The meter measures the amount of light in
the scene and calculates the best exposure value.
• Most 35mm cameras have exposure meters built into them. Some in-camera meters set exposure automatically, but we can override this function and set the meter ourselves using the apertures and shutter speed.
• All in-camera meters are reflective – measure the light reflected by the subject.
• A second type of meter is incident – measure the light falling on the subject.
Meter
• Evaluative (Matrix)• Evaluates entire picture frame and takes an
average of multiple zones throughout scene• Center Weighted• Averages the exposure of entire frame but gives
extra weight to the center to 18 degrees out• Spot • Meters subject in center (or at selected AF
point;) only “spot” 3 degrees from center will be metered and ignoring rest of frame. (best for backlighting, macro, moon)
METERING:Make sure your AF sensor is placed on main subject for the exposure reading; especially in areas with high contrast (areas of blacks and
whites)
Drive Mode• Single Shot• Press on the shutter release button and takes
one picture
• Continuous• Press on the shutter release button and it
takes continuous pictures until you release the button
• Self Timer• Press on the shutter release button and the
camera has a delay until the picture is taken.
ExposureExposure = Intensity of Light (X)
Time
• Intensity = is controlled by the aperture (f/stop) of the camera’s lens
• Time = is controlled by the shutter (shutter speeds) on the camera
• ISO = film’s sensitivity to light
Unit Of Measurement
• The unit of measurement used to measure light is called a “Stop”.
• Some Cameras use 1/3 stop increments, but we will be using FULL Fstops
f/stops in 1/3 increments
f/2.8f/4.5f/7.1f/11f/18f/29
f/3.2f/5.0f/8f/13f/20f/32
f/3.5f/5.6
f/9f/14f/22
f/4f/6.3
f/10f/16f/25
Shutter speeds in 1/3 increments
1/151/401/1001/2501/6401/1600
1/201/501/1251/3201/8001/2000
1/251/601/1601/4001/1000
1/30f/80f/2001/5001/1250
Review:
• If 1/500 is twice as fast as 1/250, is that double or half the amount of light?
• Half as much light because it’s half the amount of time as 1/500.