The most authoritative Masoretic manuscript is the Leningrad
Codex ( AD 1008)
18.
19.
Most of the Old Testament was
written between 1000500 BC.
20.
This means there is a gap of
1,5002,000 years between the
original Old Testament documents
and the Masoretic copies.
21.
This means there is a gap of
1,5002,000 years between the
original Old Testament documents
and the Masoretic copies.
22.
23.
24.
25. Isaiah Scroll
26.
27.
These manuscripts from the Dead
Sea region were over a thousand
years older than the earliest
Masoretic manuscripts.
28.
Had the text been
faithfully transmitted?
29. Isaiah 53:4-5
30. Isaiah 53:4-5 Dead Sea Scrolls Surely he bore our
infirmities and carried our sorrows, yet we considered him stricken
by God, [ and ] smitten by him, and afflicted. But he was pierced
for our transgress-ions, he was crushed for our iniquities; [ and ]
the punish-ment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his
wounds we are healed. Masoretic Text Surely he bore our infirmities
and carried our sorrows, yet we considered him stricken by God,
smitten by him, and afflicted. But he was pierced for our
transgress- ions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment
that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are
healed.
31. Isaiah 53:4-5 Dead Sea Scrolls Surely he bore our
infirmities and carried our sorrows, yet we considered him stricken
by God, [ and ] smitten by him, and afflicted. But he was pierced
for our transgress-ions, he was crushed for our iniquities; [ and ]
the punish-ment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his
wounds we are healed. Masoretic Text Surely he bore our infirmities
and carried our sorrows, yet we considered him stricken by God,
smitten by him, and afflicted. But he was pierced for our
transgress- ions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment
that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are
healed.
32. 1 Samuel 1:24
she took him up with her,
with three bulls (NKJV)
she took the boy with her
along with a three-year-old bull (NIV)
Masoretic Text: three bulls
DSS and LXX: a three-year old bull
33.
The principal variations between the
Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint on
the one hand and the Masoretic text on
the other are mainly to be found in the
books of Samuel and Jeremiah.
34. Old Testament
Hebrew MSS (Masoretic)
Aramaic MSS (Targum)
Greek MSS (Septuagint)
Latin MSS (Vulgate)
Syriac MSS (Peshitta)
Dead Sea Scrolls
35. New Testament
36. Reliability of ancient text based upon:
The number of copies.
The gap of time before the earliest surviving copy.