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TRAINING PROGRAMME ONTRAINING PROGRAMME ON
ENGINEERING DESIGNS-CANAL STRUCTURESENGINEERING DESIGNS-CANAL STRUCTURES
GENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLESGENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Off Take Sluices,Off Take Sluices,
Canal outlets and ModulesCanal outlets and Modules
!!
ROUT"U SAT!ANARA!ANAROUT"U SAT!ANARA!ANA
#ORMER#ORMER C"IE# ENGINEERC"IE# ENGINEER
#ORMER AD$ISOR, GO$ERNMENT O# A%P#ORMER AD$ISOR, GO$ERNMENT O# A%P
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Modular Outlets
DESIGN - EXAMPLES
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
OFM – APM - PSM
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Cross Masonry Works- ModularOutlets
Semi-Modular outlets or Flexible modules
• Open Flume Outlet (OFMs)
• Crump’s Adjustable proportional Module(Crump’s APM)
• Adjustable Orifce Semi module (AOSM)
• Pipe Semi Module – Pipe Out let (PSM)
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Modular Outlets
& T'e suita(ilit) of t'e t)*e of t'e se+i +odule outlet is dete+ined (ased on t'e atio of *aentcanal disc'ae ./0 to t'e disc'ae of t'e out let .10 and t'e t'oat 2idt' .t0 as detailed
(elo2%
i0 fo ./31 0 4 o 5 67 and t 8 9 c+ O*en #lu+e Module. O#M0
ii0 fo ./31 0 4 o 5 67 and t 4 9 c+ Ad:usta(le Po*otional +odule . APM 0
fo ./31 0 ; 67
& If t'e a(o7 ++%
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Modular Outlets
& The above conditions are further explained as below
Ai
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Canal Outlets & ModularOutlets
Open Flume Module(OFM)
! A smoot" #eir #it" a t"roat constricted su$cientl% to ensure &elocit%abo&e critical' and lon enou" to ensure t"at t"e controllin sectionremain #it" in t"e parallel t"roat at all disc"ares up to t"e maximum
! A raduall% expanded *ume is pro&ided at t"e out+all to reco&er t"e"ead
! ,"e entire #or can be built in bric' but t"e controllin section ispro&ided #it" cast iron or steel bed and c"ec plates
! ,"roat #idt" .t ne&er ept less t"an /cm "ence it is necessar% to raiset"e crest le&el o+ t"e out let muc" abo&e bed le&el
! 0orin "ead re1uired #it" a 2 in 3 lacis and side #alls spla%in at 2 in3 is 456 o+ dept" o+ #ater abo&e t"e crest o+ out let
! Formation o+ "%draulic jump maes t"e out let independent o+ #ater
le&el in t"e out let c"annel
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Canal Out lets & ModularOutlets
Open Flume Module (OFM)
& 7 in Cumecs 8 9 .t :;
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Canal Out lets & Modular Outlets
"!"DRAULIC DESIGN O# O#M
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Canal Out lets & ModularOutlets
Open Flume Module (OFM)
HYDRAULIC PARTICULARS
S.No.
Details Unit
Parent Canal Off Take
KopparamMaor
!" R Minor
1Discharge (Required) Cumecs 0.939 0.080
2Bed Width m 1.200 0.300
3F.S. Depth m 0.30 0.310
!Free B"ard m 0.#10 0.!#0
$Bed Fa%% 1 i& 2#!0 2000
#Side S%"pes 1.$ ' 1 1.$ ' 1
e%"cit m*sec 0.$#1 0.339
8& 0.020 0.020
9CB+ m 81.$89 81.##210FS+ m 82.319 81.92
11,B+ m 82.929 82.!32
12-+ m 82.929 82.!32
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Desin of O#M
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Canal Out lets & ModularOutlets
Open Flume Module (OFM)
Hydraulic Design:
Ratio of /31 5 7%B 3 7%7@
5 ==%B@ 4 67
"ence O%#%M% is Po*osed%
#SD in t'e *aent c'annel, D 5 7%B7 +
Depth of flow in the parent channel at 2/3 rd discharge:
Dn = 0!"# $ %assu$ed&
#o 63Bd Disc'ae in Paent Canal /n 5 63B / 5 7%969 cu+ecs
Let Dn 5 7%> + , Aea 5 =%66 +6
Pei+ete 5 B%B6 +, R 5 7%B6, and R63B 5 7%>=
$elocit) 5 7%>7 +3sec
Disc'ae 5 7%969 cu+ecs
"ence Dn i%e%, de*t' of flo2 of 7%> + in t'e *aent c'annel assu+ed fo63Bd disc'ae is coect%
Diffeence in de*t's of flo2 fo full disc'ae and 63B d disc'ae
5 D - Dn 5 7%B7 - 7%> 5 7%=B9 +
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Canal Out lets & ModularOutlets
Open Flume Module (OFM)
The discharge of the outlet q (in cumecs) is given by the formula:q = K x Bt x H3!
"here K = #onstant de$ending u$on the %idth of flume
Bt = Throat %idth of %eir
H = Head over crest in meters
Hn = Head over crest at !3 & = ( H ' x )
or full discharge q = K x Bt x H3! ( * )
or !3 discharge q = K x Bt x (Hn)3! = K x Bt x (Hx)3! ( ! ) By dividing equation (*) by equation (!)
q !3 q = K x Bt x H3! !3 (q) K x Bt x (H x)3!
3! = (H3! (H x)3! ) !3
(3!)!3 = (H3! (H x)3! ) !3
*+3*, = H (H x)
,+3* + H = *+3* + x
H = -+!!. xx = ,+*3/ m
Hence0 H = -+!!. x ,+*3/ = ,+.1. m
#rest 2evel = ++2+ of 4arent #hannel H
= 5!+3*6 ,+.1. = 5*+1-- m
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Canal Out lets & ModularOutlets
Open Flume Module (OFM)
7inimum Head required (modular) = ,+! x H = ,+! x ,+.1. = ,+**. m
8vailable "or9ing Head = ifference of 2;s in 4arent #anal and as $er ?: *!33**655 = *+/-
Bt = q (K + H3!)
= ,+,5, *+/- x (,+.1.)3! = ,+**! m
q = K x Bt x H3!
= *+/- x ,+**! x ,+.1.3!
= ,+,5, cumecs
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Desin of O#M
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Open Flume Module
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Canal Out lets & Modular Outlets
"!"DRAULIC DESIGN O# APM
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Canal outlets F Modules
• Adjustable Orifce Semi Module (A.O.S.M) orAdjustable Proportional Module (APM)
• Discharge through outlet in cumecs
! ".#$ %t & 's*
D 8:ei"t o+ openin in meters.t 8,"roat #idt" (minimum 55/ m )
: 8Bept" o+ #ater in parent canal o&er t"e crest in meters
:s 8 Bept" to under side o+ t"e roo+ bloc belo# FS o+ parent canal
:s 8 : – D ' :s E 55 B
% ? (4
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Canal outlets F Modules
Settin o+ crest s"all not be belo# B
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Desin of APM
& ")daulic Paticulas
S%No% Details Hu**a+ Ma:o DP =-R Hu**a+ +a:o DP =-R
At #S Disc'ae Condition At 63B #S Disc'ae Condition
=% Disc'ae in Cu+ecs 7%9B9 7%7=@ 7%6 7%7=6
6% ed 2idt' in + =%=77 7%B77 =%=77 7%B77
B% #SD in + 7%9=7 7%=>7 7%> 7%=67
% ed fall = in 6>77 6777 6>77 6777
>% $alue of n 7%767 7%767 7%767 7%767
9% $elocit) in +3s 7%>=@ 7%6B= 7%9 7%=@B
% Side slo*es =%> = =%> = =%> = =%> =
@% #ee (oad in + 7%9=7 7%>7 7%9=7 7%>7
% CL + @7%69 @7%66 @7%69 @7%66
=7% #SL + @7%@ @7%>6 @7%9 @7%>6
==% TL + @=%@ @=%766
=6% GL + @=%@ @=%@
Po*ose APM if / 3 1 4 67, o / 3 1 ; 67, and t 4 97 ++
Ratio of / 3 1 5 7%9B9 3 7%7=@ 5 B>%BBB ; 67
"ence APM is *o*osed%
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Desin of APM
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Desin of APM
& ")daulic Desin of APM
Po*ose APM if /31 4 67 and t 4 9 o /31 ;67
Ratio of /31 5 7%9B9 3 7%7=@ 5 B>%BBB ; 67 Hence ' ( ) is proposed
* = #03 x +t x y x Hs,/2
?'ee ! 5 "ei't of o*enin in +etes
t 5 T'oat 2idt'
" 5De*t' of 2ate in *aent canal o
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Desin of APM
& Discharge through the outlet in cu$ecs * = #03 x +t x y x % Hs & .Pae ==, Clause 9%B%= of IS @9-=90
T'oat 2idt' t 5 1 3 .%7B ."s0K !0
Let t 5 7%79 +
1 5 %7B t ) "s=36 --------------e1uation .=0
63B .10 5 5 %7B t ) ."sn0=36 --------------e1uation .60
?'ee "sn 5 "s - .D - Dn0 5 %7B t ) ."s - .7%9=7 - 7%>00=36
5 %7B t ) ."s - 7%==>0=36
Di0 K
B36 5 "s=36 3 ."s - 7%==>0=36
5 6 "s=36 5 B ."s - 7%==>0=36
"s 5 ."s - 7%==>0
> "s 5 =%7BB6
"s 5 7%67 + and "s=36 5 7%>>
"sn 5 "s . D Dn 0 5 7%67 . 7%9=7 7%> 0 5 7%76+
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Desin of APM
= * 3 03x+tx%Hs&,/2
5 7%7=@ 3 #03 x 7%79 0#!!
= 0,.# $ say 0,.! $
1 = #03 +t % Hs & = #03 x 00. x 0,.! x 0#!! = 00, cu$ecs
1n 5 %7B t ! . "sn 0 K = #03 x 00. x 0,.! x 0303 = 00,2 cu$ecs
T'e follo2in Paa+etes +a) (e ado*ted
t 5 7%797 +
Cest Le +
"s 5 7%67 +
?5 Settin fo2ad of t'e D3S 2in 2all of t'e a**oac' 57%=>
T'e settin of t'e ?in 2all ? 5 H 13/ .u D360
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Desin of APM
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CRUMPS ADUSTALE PROPORTIONAL MODULE
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Canal Outlets F Modules
• Pipe semi module (PSM)
• Design criteria
,"e disc"are t"rou" pipe semi module is i&en b%
7 8 Cd A (4 "c )2
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Modular Outlets D4567 8- (5( 4)5 )8D9 %for D5;
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Modular Outlets
Disc'ae t'ou' t'e Pi*e Outlet () usin Oifice fo+ula
/ 5 CA .6 'cnt0=36
2'ee C 5 6% 9
/ 5 Disc'ae of Out Let
A 5 Coss section Aea of Pi*e
'.cnt0 5 "ead of U3s 2ate suface o7 + ; =%> ti+es dia of *i*e
(rovide did of pipe = 200$$
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")daulic Desin of PSM
T'e Cente line of t'e Pi*e 5 %=>> 7%B>7 5 B%@7>+
Pi*e sill le7 - 7%7@ .*i*e adius0
5 B%6>+"ei't of *i*e a(o >%9>> 5 7%77+
Pi*e in
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Desin of PSM
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TH'7> 89TH'7> 89