8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
1/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
2/107
Mid-1970s. Congress enacted Public Law(PL) 94-142, mandated the professionalevaluation of children age 3 and older
suspected of physical or mental disabilities inorder to determine their special educationneeds.
1986. A set of amendments to PL 94-142,known as PL 99-457, was made.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
3/107
1977. PL 105-17. This was made to give greaterattention to diversity issues, especially as a factorin evaluation and assignment of special services.
This also mandated that infants and toddlers withdisabilities must receive services in the home or inother natural settings and those such serviceswere to be continued in preschool programs.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
4/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
5/107
Checklists and rating scales.Are tools of assessment commonly
used with preschoolers.
A checklist is a questionnaire on which marksare made to indicate the presence or absence ofa specified behavior, thought, event, orcircumstance.
The checking on the boxes on a checklist maybe a professional, an observeror even the subjectof the checklist himself.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
6/107
A rating scale is a form completed by anevaluator to make a judgment of relative standingwith regard to a specified variable or list ofvariables.
Commonly used checklists and rating scales. Connors Rating Scale- Revised (CRS-R) is
designed to help ADHD and to screen for otherbehavior problems relating to self-esteem, mood,family, function, oppositionality, anxiety andsomatization.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
7/107
Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) isappropriate with children from ages 1 to 5 years(CBCL/ 1 -5) and with children through young adults.ages 4 to 8 (CBCL/ 4-8).
Syndrome- a set of co-occuring emotional andbehavioral problems.
CBCL has an 8-syndrome structure1. Anxious/ depressed2. Withdrawn/ depressed3. Somatic complaints4. Social problems5. Thought problems6. Attention problems7. Rule-breaking behavior8. Aggressive behavior
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
8/107
Agpar number - a score on a rating scale developed byphysician Virginia Agpar, an obstetrical anesthesiologistwho saw a need for a simple rapid method of evaluatingnewborn infants and determining what immediate action isneeded.
1995. Judith Langlois and collegues studied therelationship between infant attractiveness and maternalbehavior and attitudes using a sample of 173 mothers andtheir firstborn infants (86 girls and 87 boys).
- 1/3 African American -1/3 Mexican American
- 1/3 White
The mean first Agpar score was 8.36 and the mean second
Agpar score was 9.04.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
9/107
1975. Park and Sawin developed a measurecalled Parent Attitude Questionnaire. This wasused to asses maternal attitudes in the hospital
and approximately three months later out of thehospital.
The mothers of the attractive infants were moreaffectionate and playful.
The mothers of less attractive infants were morelikely to be attentive to other people rather thanto their infant.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
10/107
After three months The mothers of the less attractive infants were more
likely to endorse the belief that their infants needed
more stimulation.
ATTRACTIVE CHILDREN ARE TREATED LESSHARSHLY BY ADULTS THAN UNATTRACTIVE
CHILDREN ARE AND THAT MOTHERS OFCHILDREN WITH PHYSICAL ANOMALIES MAYBEHAVE LESS DESIRABLY TOWARD THEIR
CHILDREN THAN MOTHERS WHOSE CHILDREN HADNOSUCH ANOMALIES.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
11/107
Informal evaluation- nonsystematic, relatively brief,and off0the-record assessment leading to theformation of an opinion or attitude conducted by
any person, in any way, for any reason, in anunofficial context that is not subject to the ethics orother standards of an evaluation by a professional.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
12/107
Children, at age 2, enters a challenging periodfor psychological assessors. Language and
conceptual skills are beginning to emerge.
Ideally, test materials are colorful, engagingand attention-sustaining.
One-hour is a good rule-of-thumb limit for anentire session with a preschooler.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
13/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
14/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
15/107
Aptitude tests tend to focus more oninformal learning or life experiences whereas
achievement tests tend to focus on thelearning that has occurred as a resultstructured input.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
16/107
A correlation of .7 between variables X and Y in a predictive validitystudy accounts for what percentage of the variance? 7% 70%
.7% 49% 25%
o is to O as x is to / % X Y
Item 1 appears to be more dependent on formal learning experiences than doesItem 2.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
17/107
Aptitude tests, also referred to asprognostic tests, are typically used to makepredictions. Some aptitude tests have beenused to measure readiness to:
enter elementary school
successfully complete a challenging course of study insecondary school
successfully complete college-level work
successfully complete graduate-level work, including acourse of study at a professional or trade school
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
18/107
Achievement tests may also be used forpredictive purposes. For example, an individualwho performs well on a first-semester foreign-
language test might be considered a goodcandidate for the second terms work.
Note that, at the entry level, an unwritten rule
known to assessment professionals is that theyshould refer to what is essentially an aptitudetest as a readiness test.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
19/107
The age at which a child is mandated by law toenter school varies from state to state. Yetindividual children of the same chronological
age may vary widely in how ready they are toseparate from their parents and begin academiclearning.
The Metropolitan Readiness Tests (MRTs) the MRTs are agroup-administered battery that assesses the developmentof the reading and mathematics skills important in the earlystages of formal school learning.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
20/107
2 levels:
1. Level I used with beginning and middlekindergartens.
2. Level II spans the end of kindergartenthrough first grade.
Practice tests may be administered severaldays before the actual testing to helpfamiliarize students with the procedures andformat.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
21/107
Level IoAuditory Memory
oRhyming
oLetter Recognition
oVisual Matching
oSchool Language and Listening
oQuantitative Language
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
22/107
Level IIoBeginning Consonants
oSound-Letter Correspondence
oVisual Matching
oFinding Patterns
oSchool Language
oListeningoQuantitative Concepts/Quantitative Operations
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
23/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
24/107
o a one-hour long test
o measure achievement in specific subject areas such asEnglish, History and Social Studies, Mathematics, Science,and Languages
o Colleges may require or recommend taking a specific subjecttest for purposes of admission or placement or simply toadvise students about course selection.
American College Testing Program (ACT)o purpose is similar to SATso developed in the University of Iowa
o curriculum-based, with questions directly based on high-school subject areas.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
25/107
The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) thislong standing rite of passage for studentsseeking admission to graduate school has a
general test form as well as specific subjecttests.
General Test form contains verbaland quantitativesections as well as analyticalwriting sections.
It may be taken by paper and pencil or by computer ata test center.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
26/107
Step 1: Visit GRE web site maintained by Educational TestingService (ETS) at www.ets.org/gre. Navigate to Subject Tests, and click onPsychology. Use this resource to the fullest to get all the information youcan about the current form of the test , even a practice sample of thetest.
Step 2: Dust off your introductory psychology textbook and thenreread it, review it, do whatever you need to in order to relearn it. Readthe textbook diligently from cover to cover.
Step 3: Go for some commercially available review books. Thereare many available. Buy the book that you think will work best for you.
This books contain number of sample tests for an extra study.
Step 4: Use all the available resources to you to fill the gaps ofknowledge. Additionally, you may find it helpful to read about effectivetest preparation and test taking strategies.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
27/107
The Miller Analogies Test (MAT) This is a 100-item, multiple choice analogy test that drawsnot only on the examinees ability to perceive
relationships but also on general intelligence,vocabulary, and academic learning. Example:
Classical conditioning is to Pavlov as operant conditioning is to
a. Freudb. Rogers
c. Skinner
d. Jung
e. Dr. Phil
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
28/107
Entrance Examination and Web Site forMore Information
Brief Description
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)
www.aamc.org
Designed to assess problem solving, critical
thinking, and writing skills, as well as knowledge
of science concepts prerequisite to the study of
medicine.Law School Admission Test (LSAT)www.lsac.org
A standard measure of acquired reading andverbal reasoning skills. Includes measures of
reading comprehension, logical reasoning, as
well as a writing sample
Veterinary College Admission Test (VCAT) Assesses the five content areas: biology,
chemistry, verbal ability, quantitative ability, andreading comprehension.
Dental Admission Test (DAT)
www.ada.org
Conducted by American Dental Association;
administered computerized in any day of the
year.
Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) Contains five subjects: verbal, quantitative,
reading comprehension, biology and chemistry
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
29/107
Entrance Examination and Web Site for More
Information
Brief Description
Optometry Admission Test (OAT) Contains four subjects: Natural Sciences,
reading comprehension, physics, quantitative
reasoning.
Allied Health Professions Admission Test(AHPAT) Assesses ability in five areas: biology,chemistry, verbal ability, quantitative ability
and reading comprehension. Designed foraspiring PTs, physicians assistants and other
members of allied health professions.
Entrance Examinations for Schools of Nursing
(RNEE)
Assesses ability in: Physical sciences,
numerical ability, life sciences, verbal ability
and reading comprehension.
Accounting Program Admission Test (APAT) Measures student achievement in elementary
accounting by 75 multiple choice questions.
60% financial acc. 40% managerial acc.
Graduate Management Admission Test Measures basic verbal and mathematical and
analytical writing skills through subtests.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
30/107
Originally developed for used with children, adynamic approach to assessment may be usedwith test takers of any age.
It is an approach to aptitude tests that departsfrom reliance on and can be contrasted to fixed(static) tests.
Learning Potential Assessment Device (LPAD) was
designed to yield information about the nature andamount of intervention required to enhance a childsperformance.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
31/107
Lem Vygotsky introduced the concept of proximaldevelopment or distance between the actualdevelopmental level as determined by individual problemsolving, and the level of potential development as
determined through problem-solving under adultguidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.
Dynamic assessors especially when intervening withteaching, coaching, or other guidance- are hardlyneutral.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
32/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
33/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
34/107
Performance Assessment Is vaguely referredto any type of assessment that requires theexaminee to do more than choose the correct
response from a small group of alternatives.
Example: Essay
Among testing and assessment professionals,contemporary usage of the performance relatedterms focuses less on the type of item or tackinvolved and more on the knowledge, skills andvalues that the examinee must marshal and exhibit.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
35/107
PERFORMANCE TASKis a work sample designed toelicit representative knowledge, skills and values froma particular domain of study.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTis defined as anevaluation of performance tasks according to criteriadeveloped by experts from the domain of studytapped by those tasks.
PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENTrefers to the evaluation ofones work samples.
PORTFOLIO is synonymous with WORK SAMPLE.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
36/107
An important aspect of portfolio assessment is the freedom ofthe person being evaluated to select the content of theportfolio. The illustrations might go from simple to increasinglycomplex providing compelling evidence for the studentsgrasp of the material.
Portfolios have also been applied at the College and graduatelevel as devices to assist students with career decisions(Bernhardt et al., 1993).
Benefits of the Portfolio Approach includes: (1) engaging
students in the assessment process, (2) giving them theopportunity to think generatively, and (3) encouragingthem to think about learning as an ongoing and integratedprocess.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
37/107
Drawbacks: (1) the penalty such as atechnique may levy on a noncreative student
and (2) there are concerns on the evaluationof the portfolios.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
38/107
AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT, also known asPERFORMANCE BASED ASSESSMENT, in educationalcontexts as evaluation of relevant, meaningful tasks
that may be conducted to evaluate learning of academicsubject matter that demonstrate the students transferof that study to real-world activities.
Authentic Assessment is thought to increasestudent interest and the transfer of knowledge tosettings outside the classroom.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
39/107
Drawbacks: (1) Assessment might assess priorknowledge and experience, not simply what waslearned in the classroom. (2) Authentic skills may
inadvertently entail the assessment of some skillsthat have little to do with classroom learning.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
40/107
PEER APPRAISALis a method of obtainingevaluation-related information about an individual bypolling that individuals friends, classmates, workcolleagues or other peers.
Peer Appraisals:
can help call needed attention to an individual who isexperiencing academic, personal, social, or work-relateddifficulties.
allow those who work, play, socialize, eat lunch and walkhome which roles under what conditions.
Supply information about the groups dynamics: who takeswhich roles under what conditions.
May be used in university setting, grade school, industrial and
military settings.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
41/107
Examples:1. Guess Who? Technique- brief descriptive sentences are
read or handed out in the form of questionnaires to theclass, and the children are instructed to guess who.
2. Nominating Technique is a method of peer appraisal inwhich individuals are asked to select or nominate otherindividuals for various types of activities.
Sociogram figures such as circles or squares aredrawn to represent different individuals, and lines andarrows are drawn to indicate various types ofinteraction.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
42/107
Study Habits Checklist designed for use withstudents in grades 9 through 14, consists of 37 itemsthat assess study habits with respect to note taking,
reading materials, and general study practices.
What I Like to Do Interest Inventory consists of150 forced-choice items that assess four areas ofinterest: academic interest, artistic interests,occupational interests and interest in leisure time(play) activities. Included in the test materials aresuggestions for designing instructional activities thatare consonant with the designated area of interest.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
43/107
Survey of School Attitudes and the Quality of School LifeScales
Survey Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA) and the Studyof Attitudes and Methods Survey combine the
assessment of study methods. The SSHA, intended for use ingrades 7 through college, consists of 100 items tapping poorstudy skills and attitudes that could affect academicperformance. Two forms are available, Form H for grades 7 to12 and Form C for college, each requiring 20 to 25 minutes tocomplete. Students respond to items on the following 5-point scale: rarely, sometimes, frequently, generally, or almostalways. Test items are divided into six areas: DelayAvoidance, Work Methods, Study Habits, Teacher Approval,Education Acceptance, and Study Attitudes. The test yields astudy skills score, an attitude score, and a total orientation
score.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
44/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
45/107
Designed to measure accomplishment. It may bestandardized nationally, regionally, locally, or it may not be
standardized at all.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
46/107
Tests that cover a number of areas typicallydivided into several sub-tests & are referred
to as Achievement Batteries.Some batteries are constructed to provideboth norm referenced and criterion-
referenced analyses.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
47/107
Wide range achievement test Test-4(Wilkinson & Robertson, 2006).
o Measures of reading, spelling, arithmetic, and
reading comprehension.STEP serieso Includes sub-test in reading, vocabulary,
mathematics, writing skills, study skills,science, and social studies; a behaviorinventory, an educational environmentquestionnaire; and an activities inventory.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
48/107
It is used not only to gauge achievement but also todevelop hypotheses about achievement versusability. It features nine subsets: oral expression,
listening comprehension, written expression, basicreading skill, reading comprehension, mathematicscalculation and mathematics reasoning. The testwas designed to facilitate understanding of theproblem solving processes and strategies that testtakers use in these areas .
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
49/107
Are teacher made tests.
Elementary-school level- test to measure achievement in reading.
Secondary school level (Cooperative Achievement test)-tend to be technically sound instruments. It may involve evaluation of
minimum competencies, often as a requirement for a high schooldiploma.
College level (Advance Placement test)- developed by the College Entrance Examination Board officers high
school students the opportunity to achieve college credit for workcompleted in high school.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
50/107
Designed to ensure that a student who isawarded a high-school diploma has at least
acquired the minimal skills to become aproductive member of society.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
51/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
52/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
53/107
Two Types of Test:
those that measure abilities related toacademic success
those that measure educational
achievement in areas such reading andarithmetic
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
54/107
The Kaufman Assessment Battery for
Children (K-ABC) and
The Kaufman Assessment Battery forChildren, Second Edition (KABC-II)
The Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ III)
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
55/107
develop by husband-and-wife teampsychologist
designed for use of testtakers from age 21/2through age 121/2.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
56/107
Kinds of information-processing skills:
simultaneous skills sequential skills
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
57/107
sequential skills - solves problem best bymentally arranging small amounts ofinformation in consecutive, linear, step-by-step order.
simultaneous skills - solves problem by
mentally integrating and synthesizingmany parallel places of information at thesame time.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
58/107
SEQUENTIAL SIMULTANEOUS
Sequential processing is especiallyimportant in:
Simultaneous processing is especiallyimportant in:
Learning and retaining basicarithmetic
recognizing the shape and physicalappearance of letters and numbers
Memorizing lists of spelling words Interpreting the overall effect or
meaning of pictures and other visualstimuli, such as maps and charts
Making associations between lettersand their sounds
Understanding the overall meaning ofa story or poem
Learning the rules of grammar, the
chronology of historical events
Summarizing, comparing, evaluating
Remembering detailsFollowing a set of rules, directions,steps
Comprehending mathematical orscientific principles
Solving problems by breaking them
down into their components or steps
Solving problems by visualizing them
in their entirety
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
59/107
SEQUENTIAL SIMULTANEOUS
Sequential learners who are weak insimultaneous processing may havedifficulty with:
Simultaneous learners who are weak insequential processing may have difficultywith:
sight word recognition Word attack, decoding, phonics
Reading comprehension Breaking down science or arithmeticproblems into parts
Understanding mathematical or
scientific principle
Interpreting the parts and features of a
design or drawingUsing concrete, hands-on materials Understanding the rules of games
Using diagrams, charts, maps Understanding and following oralinstructions
Summarizing, comparing, evaluating Remembering specific details and
sequence of a story
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
60/107
there are changes in the following:
- age range covered- structure of the test- conceptual underpinnings of the
test.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
61/107
Age Range- the second edition of the test wasextended upward (ages 3 to18)
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
62/107
Structure of the Test-ten new subtests were created, eight of theexisting subtests were removed, and onlyeight of the original subtests remained.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
63/107
Conceptual Underpinnings of the Test.-the grounding of the K-ABC in Lurias Theoryof sequential versus simultaneous processingtheory was expanded.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
64/107
In general, reviewers of the KABC-II found itto be a psychometrically sound instrumentfor measuring cognitive abilities.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
65/107
a psychoeducational test package
was designed for use with the persons asyoung as 2 and as old as 90+,
yields a measure ofgeneral intellectual
ability as well as measures ofcognitiveabilities, achievement, scholastic aptitude,and oral language.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
66/107
WJ III consist oftwo co-normed batteries:
Test of Achievement
Tests of Cognitive Abilities
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
67/107
Tests of Achievement-are packaged in parallel forms designated Aand B, each of which are divided into astandard battery (twelve subsets) and anextended battery (ten additional subtests).
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
68/107
Curricular Area Cluster Standard Battery
Forms A & B Extended Battery
Forms A & B
Reading Basic Skills
Fluency
Comprehension
Broad
Test1 Letter Word Identification
Test 2 Reading Fluency
Test 9 Passage Comprehension
Test 1, 2 , 9
Test 13 Word Attack
Test 17 Reading Vocabulary
Oral Language Oral ExpressionListening
Comprehension
Test 3 Story RecallTest 4 Understanding Directions Test 14 Picture VocabularyTest 15 Oral Comprehension
Mathematics Calculation Skills
Fluency
Reasoning
Broad
Test 5 Calculation
Test 6 Math Fluency
Test 10 Applied Problems
Tests 5, 6, 10
Test 18 Quantitative Concepts
Knowledge Test 19 Academic Knowledge
Supplemental Test 12 Story Recall Delayed
Handwriting Legibility Scale
Test 20 Spelling of Sounds
Test 21 Sound Awareness
Test 22 Punctuation & Capitalization
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
69/107
Test of Cognitive Abilities-may also be divided into a standard battery(ten subtests) and an extended battery (tenadditional subtests)
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
70/107
Broad Cognitive
Factor
Test (Standard & Extended) Primary Narrow Ability Cognitive
Performance
Comprehension-
Knowledge (Gc)
Test 1 Verbal Comprehension
Test 11 General Information
Lexical knowledge, language
development
General (verbal) information
Verbal Ability
Long-Term Retrieval
(Glr)
Test 2 Visual-Audiitory
Learning
Test 12 Retrieval FluencyTest 10 Visual-Auditory
Learning-Delayed
Associate memory
Ideational Fluency
Associative memory
Thinking Ability
Visual-Spatial Thinking
(Gv)
Test 3 Spatial Relations
Test 13 Picture Recognition
Test 19 Planning (Gv/Gf)
Visualization, spatial relations
Visual memory
Spatial scanning, general
sequential reasoning
Thinking Ability
Auditory Processing(Ga)
Test 4 Sound BlendingTest14 Auditory Attention
Test 8 Incomplete Words
Phonetic coding, synthesisSpeech-sound discrimination,
resistance to auditory
stimulus distortion
Phonetic coding, analysis
Thinking Ability
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
71/107
Broad Cognitive Factor Test (Standard &
Extended)
Primary Narrow Ability Cognitive Performance
Fluid Reasoning (Gf) Test 5 Concept Formation
Test 15 Analysis-Synthesis
Test 19 Planning (Gv/Gf)
Induction
General sequential
reasoning
Spatial scanning, generalsequential reasoning
Thinking Ability
Processing Speed (Gs) Test 6 Visual Matching
Test 16 Decision Speed
Test 18 Rapid Picture
Naming
Test 20 Pair Cancellation
Perceptual Speed
Semantic processing speed
Naming Facility
Attention and concentration
Cognitive Efficiency
Short-Term Memory (Gsm) Test 7 Numbers ReversedTest 17 Memory for Words
Test9Auditory Working
Memory
Working MemoryMemory Span
Working memory
Cognitive efficiency
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
72/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
73/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
74/107
Performance Assessment Is vaguely referredto any type of assessment that requires theexaminee to do more than choose the correct
response from a small group of alternatives. Example: Essay
Among testing and assessment professionals,
contemporary usage of the performance relatedterms focuses less on the type of item or tackinvolved and more on the knowledge, skills andvalues that the examinee must marshal and exhibit.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
75/107
PERFORMANCE TASKis a work sample designed toelicit representative knowledge, skills and values froma particular domain of study.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTis defined as anevaluation of performance tasks according to criteriadeveloped by experts from the domain of studytapped by those tasks.
PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENTrefers to the evaluation ofones work samples.
PORTFOLIO is synonymous with WORK SAMPLE.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
76/107
An important aspect of portfolio assessment is the freedom ofthe person being evaluated to select the content of theportfolio. The illustrations might go from simple to increasinglycomplex providing compelling evidence for the studentsgrasp of the material.
Portfolios have also been applied at the College and graduatelevel as devices to assist students with career decisions(Bernhardt et al., 1993).
Benefits of the Portfolio Approach includes: (1) engaging
students in the assessment process, (2) giving them theopportunity to think generatively, and (3) encouragingthem to think about learning as an ongoing and integratedprocess.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
77/107
Drawbacks: (1) the penalty such as atechnique may levy on a noncreative studentand (2) there are concerns on the evaluationof the portfolios.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
78/107
AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT, also known asPERFORMANCE BASED ASSESSMENT, in educationalcontexts as evaluation of relevant, meaningful tasks
that may be conducted to evaluate learning of academicsubject matter that demonstrate the students transferof that study to real-world activities.
Authentic Assessment is thought to increasestudent interest and the transfer of knowledge tosettings outside the classroom.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
79/107
Drawbacks: (1) Assessment might assess priorknowledge and experience, not simply what waslearned in the classroom. (2) Authentic skills may
inadvertently entail the assessment of some skillsthat have little to do with classroom learning.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
80/107
PEER APPRAISALis a method of obtainingevaluation-related information about an individual bypolling that individuals friends, classmates, workcolleagues or other peers.
Peer Appraisals:
can help call needed attention to an individual who isexperiencing academic, personal, social, or work-relateddifficulties.
allow those who work, play, socialize, eat lunch and walkhome which roles under what conditions. Supply information about the groups dynamics: who takes
which roles under what conditions. May be used in university setting, grade school, industrial and
military settings.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
81/107
Examples:1. Guess Who? Technique- brief descriptive sentences are
read or handed out in the form of questionnaires to theclass, and the children are instructed to guess who.
2. Nominating Technique is a method of peer appraisal inwhich individuals are asked to select or nominate otherindividuals for various types of activities.
Sociogram figures such as circles or squares aredrawn to represent different individuals, and lines andarrows are drawn to indicate various types ofinteraction.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
82/107
Study Habits Checklist designed for use withstudents in grades 9 through 14, consists of 37 itemsthat assess study habits with respect to note taking,reading materials, and general study practices.
What I Like to Do Interest Inventory consists of150 forced-choice items that assess four areas ofinterest: academic interest, artistic interests,
occupational interests and interest in leisure time(play) activities. Included in the test materials aresuggestions for designing instructional activities thatare consonant with the designated area of interest.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
83/107
Survey of School Attitudes and the Quality of School LifeScales
Survey Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA) and the Studyof Attitudes and Methods Survey combine the
assessment of study methods. The SSHA, intended for use ingrades 7 through college, consists of 100 items tapping poorstudy skills and attitudes that could affect academicperformance. Two forms are available, Form H for grades 7 to12 and Form C for college, each requiring 20 to 25 minutes tocomplete. Students respond to items on the following 5-
point scale: rarely, sometimes, frequently, generally, or almostalways. Test items are divided into six areas: DelayAvoidance, Work Methods, Study Habits, Teacher Approval,Education Acceptance, and Study Attitudes. The test yields astudy skills score, an attitude score, and a total orientation
score.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
84/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
85/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
86/107
Can a test validated for use in personnelselection for one occupation also be valid foruse in personnel selection for anotheroccupation?
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
87/107
Validity Generalization means that the sametest- score data may be predictive of aptitudefor all jobs.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
88/107
Verbal Aptitude(V): Understanding the
meaning of words and their relationships andusing words effectively are two of the abilitiestapped here. V is measured by Test 4.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
89/107
N is measured y tasks requiring the quickperformance of arithmetic operations. It ismeasured by Tests 2 and 6.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
90/107
The ability to visualize and mentallymanipulate geometric forms is tapped here. Sis measured by test 3.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
91/107
Attention to detail, including the aility todiscriminate slight differences in shapes,shading, lengths, and widths- as well as theability to perceive pertinent detail- ismeasured. P is measured by tests 5 and 7.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
92/107
Attention to detail in written or tabularmaterial, as well as the ability to proofreadwords and numbers and to avoid perceptualerrors in arithmetic computation, is tappedhere. Q is measured by test 1.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
93/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
94/107
This test taps the ability to quicklymanipulate small objects with the fingers. F ismeasured by tests 11 and 12.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
95/107
The ability to work with ones hands inplacing and turning motions is measuredhere. M is measured by tests 9 and 10.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
96/107
1. The decreased emphasis on multiple
cutoffs as a selection strategy has advantagesfor both prospective employers andprospective employees.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
97/107
2. Research has suggested that therelationship between aptitude test scores andjob performance is linear (Waldman & Avolio,1989), a relationship that is statistically bettersuited to VG than to the multiple cutoffselection model.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
98/107
3. More precise information can be reportedto employees regarding a test taker's relativestanding in the continuum of aptitude testscores.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
99/107
4. VG better assists employers in their effortsto hire qualified employees.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
100/107
The quest for viable predictors ofoccupational success has led researchersbeyond the study of interests and aptitudes.
Personality
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
101/107
Appopriateness of the personality tests ExampleTwo of the most widely used personality tests
in the workplace
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
102/107
Personality assessment in the context ofemployment
NEO PI-R Integrity tests Literature is that when the test has been
professionally developed, it stands an
excellent chance of meeting acceptablestandards of validity.
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
103/107
Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother,Katherine Cook Briggs
MBTI Criticisms Popular among Counselors and
Organizational Consultants
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
104/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
105/107
Numerous other tools of assessment may beused in career planning and pre-employmentcontexts, even though not specificallydesigned for that purpose.
Example Career Transition
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
106/107
8/3/2019 Career, Educational, Etc, Assessment
107/107