Cataloging Sound Recordings with RDA
Credits:
Sound Recordings Cataloging Workshop / Jay Weitz (Online Audiovisual Catalogers Conference 2012)
RDA Basics: Sound Recordings /Kathy Glennan (2011)
RDA: Special Formats Training / Jim Soe Nyun (UC San Diego) (2013)
Best Practices for Music Cataloging using RDA and MARC 21 (Feb. 2013 Draft) / Music Library Association
Sound Recordings: Type Code
Type j: Musical Sound RecordingType i: Nonmusical Sound Recording– Nonmusical sounds (e.g., speech)– Sound effects– Bird calls and animal sounds– Physical exercise recordings (e.g., aerobic workouts) that
consist of spoken, SHOUTED, sung or chanted instructions over musical accompaniment
– Stories read over incidental music accompaniment– Plays with incidental music
Preferred Source of Information
2.2.2.4 Other Resources..use as the preferred source, as applicable:Eithera) a label with a title that is permanently printed on or affixed to the resource (e.g., a label on an audio CD, or a model); this instruction does not apply to labels on accompanying textual material or a container orb) embedded metadata in textual form that contains a title (e.g., metadata embedded in an MP3 audio file).
Title
• Transcribe the title as it appears on the source of information
• Make a note on the source from which the title proper is taken if it is not one of these sources:– Title page, etc.– Title frame or title screen of a resource consisting
of moving images• In other words, always give a source of title note
Example
Statement of Responsibility
“A creator is a person, family, or corporate body responsible for the creation of a work.”
Performers are no longer considered creators.
Sound Recordings: Dates
Dates of first commercial availability (publication) of some of the major audio media:– LP discs: 1948– Pre-recorded reel-to-reel audio tapes: 1954– Pre-recorded audio cassettes: 1965– Audio compact discs: 1982– Streaming audio: 1999– DVD-Audio discs: 2000– Playaway devices: 2005
Sound Recordings: Dates
• Dates earlier than those on the previous slide cannot be a proper date of publication for that audio medium
• Earlier dates may represent such bibliographic events as date of sound capture, release date in a different audio medium, etc.
Sound Recordings: Dates
Different Bibliographic “Events”– Original capture– Release as a recording– Release in a new recording medium– Copyrights of design or accompanying material
Sound Recordings: Dates
• Copyright date – date associated with a claim of protection under copyright or a similar regime.
• Copyright dates include phonogram dates℗1983phonogram 1993
Extent for Physical Items
• AACR2 = “sound disc”• RDA = “audio disc”
1 audio disc• RDA option – use term preferred by the cataloging
agency1 compact disc OR 1 CD
• For online audio resources1 online resource (1 audio file)
Sound Characteristics
• Type of recording• Recording medium• Playing speed• Groove characteristic• Track configuration• Tape configuration• Configuration of playback channels• Special playback characteristics
Sound Characteristics
Type of Recording:– Analog– Digital
Recording Medium: the type of medium used to record sound on an audio carrier– Magnetic– optical
Sound Characteristics
Playing speed: speed at which an audio carrier must be operated to produce the sound intended– 33 1/3 rpm– 78 rpm– 44 rpm
For a digital disc, record the playing speed in metres per second (m/s)– 1.4 m/s
Sound Characteristics
• For an analog tape, record the playing speed in centimetres per second (cm/s)– 4.75 cm/s
• Alternative: for an analog tape, record the playing speed in inches per second (ips)
• For an online sound file (e.g., streaming audio), record the transmission speed if it can be readily ascertainable. Record the speed in kilobytes per second (kbps)– 32 kbps
Sound Characteristics
Groove characteristic: the groove width of an analog disc or the groove pitch of an analog cylinder
Analog disc:– Coarse groove– Microgroove
Analog cylinder:– Fine– Standard
Sound Characteristics
Track configuration: record the track configuration for sound-track films– Centre track– Edge track
Tape configuration: the number of tracks on an audiotape – 8 track
Sound Characteristics
Configuration of Playback ChannelsThe number of sound channels used to make a recording
monostereoquadraphonicsurround
Sound Characteristics
Special playback characteristicsAn equalization system, noise reduction system, etc. used in making an audio recording
DolbyCCIR standardCX encoded
Digital File Characteristics
Encoding format – a schema, standard, etc. used to encode the digital content of a resource. Audio encoding formats:
CD audioDAISYDVD audioMP3RealAudioSACDWAV
Content Types
“categorization reflecting the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived.”
– Performed music– Sounds– Spoken word
Carrier Types
Audio cartridge– A cartridge containing an audio tape
Audio cylinder– A roller-shaped object on which sound waves are incised or indented in a continuous circular groove. Includes wax cylinders, wire cylinders, etc.
Carrier Types
Audio disc– A disc on which sound
waves, recorded as modulations, pulses, etc., are incised or indented in a continuous spiral groove
Carrier Types
Audio Roll– A roll of paper on which musical notes are
presented by perforations, designed to mechanically reproduce the music when used in a player piano, player organ, etc. Includes piano rolls, etc.
Carrier Types
Online resource (audio file) – Electronic audio resources
Sound Track Reel– An open reel holding a length of film on which sound is recorded
Identifier for the Manifestation
MLA recommendation: If feasible, record all standard identifiers present on the item:– ISMN– UPC– EAN– Issue number– Matrix number
Authorized Access Point for a Musical Work
Make additions to the preferred title as necessary:• Medium of performance• Key• Numeric designation • Other distinguishing characteristic