Cell Structure and Function
Get out paper, pencil, any notes taken from book and class.
Be prepared to take notes!
Today we review and re-teach the parts of the cell. Use this to correct any mis-understanding you have about these parts!
a usually microscopic structure containing nuclear and cytoplasmic material enclosed by a semipermeable membrane and, in plants, a cell wall
the basic structural unit of all organisms.
Cell
Organelles
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Cells contain special parts called organelles.
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
Each organelle has a specific job to do to keep the cell functioning properly, much like an organ in our body does.
This is why they are called organelles.
cell
organelle
organelle
Organelles
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There are many different types of organelles.
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
Not all the different types are present in all cells.
The types of organelles present in a cell depend on the job the cell does.
cell
Animal and Plant Cells
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cell membrane
Some organelles are found in both plant and animal cells.
nucleus cytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria
These include:
plant cell
animal cell
Plant Cells
Other organelles are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.
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cell wall large central vacuole chloroplast
plant cell
These include:
Question 1
A) All cells in an organism contain the same organelles.
B) Not all living organisms are made up of cells.C) Plant cells have organelles that are not
found in animal cells.
D) Plants and animals contain all the same organelles.
Which of the following statements about cells is true?
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Which of the following statements about cells is true?
Question 1
A) All cells in an organism contain the same organelles.
B) Not all living organisms are made up of cells.C) Plant cells have organelles that are not
found in animal cells.
D) Plants and animals contain all the same organelles.
Cell Membrane
Function: Regulates what enters
and leaves the cell
Provides protection and support
Structure: Double membrane
Flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Cell Membrane
Function: Regulates what enters
and leaves the cell
Provides protection and support
Structure: Double membrane
Flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Cell Wall
Function: Provides support and
protection for the cell
Structure: Lies outside the cell
membrane
Found in plants, algae, fungi and many bacteria
NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!
Cell Wall
Function: Provides support and
protection for the cell
Structure: Lies outside the cell
membrane
Found in plants, algae, fungi and many bacteria
NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a watery substance inside a cell.
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cytoplasmChemicals needed by the cell are dissolved in the cytoplasm.
Nucleus-The control center
Function:
Contains almost all of the cell’s DNA
DNA is found on chromosomes which contain genetic information.
Nucleus-The control center
Structure: Surrounded by a
double membrane called a nuclear envelope (Nuclear Membrane). It is dotted with many pores (holes) to allow materials in and out of the nucleus.
Nucleus-The control center
Structure: Surrounded by a
double membrane called a nuclear envelope (Nuclear Membrane). It is dotted with many pores (holes) to allow materials in and out of the nucleus.
You have 3 minutes to compare your notes with a neighbor. Be sure to ask questions and fill in any blanks you may have in your notes at this time.
Vacuoles - Storage
Function:Stores water, salts,
proteins and carbohydrates
Structure:Sac-likePlant cells have one
large central vacuoleAnimal cells have
many small vacuoles
Vacuoles - Storage
Function:Stores water, salts,
proteins and carbohydrates
Structure:Sac-likePlant cells have one
large central vacuoleAnimal cells have
many small vacuoles
Vacuoles - Storage
Function:Stores water, salts,
proteins and carbohydrates
Structure:Sac-likePlant cells have one
large central vacuoleAnimal cells have
many small vacuoles
Chloroplasts – Energy in Plants
Function: Captures energy from
the sun (solar energy) and changes it into food (chemical energy) for plants (photosynthesis)
Structure: Contains green pigment
called chlorophyll Not found in animal
cells!
Mitochondria - Energy
Function: Convert chemical
energy in food into materials easier for the cell to use.
Structure: Enclosed by two
membranes with the inner membrane folded up.
Contains it’s own DNA (unlike other organelles) that is identical to your mother’s!
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum
It takes proteins and lipids (fats) to other parts of the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum is the transport system of a cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has structures on it called ribosomes that make it look rough.
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ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes make the proteins that are carried by the endoplasmic reticulum.
Endoplasmic reticulum can be ‘smooth’ or ‘rough’.
You have 3 minutes to compare your notes with a neighbor. Be sure to ask questions and fill in any blanks you may have in your notes at this time.
Golgi Bodies
The Golgi bodies receive materials and other proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and send them to other parts of the cell.
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Sometimes called the cell’s ‘Mailroom’