The GOLGI Apparatus (body) consists of about a dozen large flattened sacs. It acts a bit like
a shipping and receiving warehouse. Vesicles from the Smooth and Rough E.R. come in on one side to drop off their contents. The proteins that are
dropped off are then slightly modified, sorted, and then re-
packaged and shipped to where they need to go. They are
either sent to various parts of the cell or they are packaged into secretory vesicles which then empty their contents out
of the cell.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum along with the Golgi and the Cell Membrane work together to form the main transport system through the
cell.
One larger special type of vesicle formed off of the Golgi, is a LYSOSOME.
Lysosomes contain Hydrolytic Enzymes that
break things down.“Lyse” = Break/Dissolve
“Some” = Body/Structure
They act to break down incoming macromolecules
into their respective
monomers, as well as to break down foreign things like germs. They are also used by the
cell to break down old cellular
components that need to be recycled.
Cells wrap up stuff in small membrane-bound vesicles
These vesicles can be made
off of ER, Golgi or the
cell membrane
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvfvRgk0MfA
Chloroplasts – Don’t need to know their structure, just need to identify them and know that they are found in plants and that they perform
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
To produce ATP – (energy molecule for the cell) all cells
will have Mitochondria to run a special type of reaction called “Cellular Respiration”. The hardest working cells in the body, like muscle, kidney,
pancreatic, and sperm cells, will be loaded with mitochondria.
Each mitochondrion, will have a double membrane. The inner
membrane folds up and down to create more surface area to hold
more enzymes. These extra enzymes are required to run all
the reactions of “Cellular Respiration”
Cellular Respiration
Throughout the cytoplasm region of the cell, there is a vast network of
microscopic filaments and
tubules that give support and
structure to the cell. This
Cytoskeleton also creates an
infrastructure that organelles can fasten onto
and move up and down.
The Cytoskeleton can help with:A)StructureB)AnchoringC)Movement
Two common types of Microfilaments include : Actin (thin) muscle filament
Microtubules are much larger and have a column-like structure and are used to build bigger structural
components of the cell’s cytoskeleton
Microfilaments found
throughout the cytoplasm
region of a cell. Like an invisible set of scaffolding
Create track-like pathways that organelles can be pulled
along.
Some of the larger cytoskeletal structures in the cell form from special arrangements of microtubules. One of these larger structures is called a
CENTRIOLE. Centrioles consist of 27 microtubules arranged in 9 triplets. This formation is known as a “9 +0” arrangement.
A couple other larger cytoskeletal structures include: Basal Bodies, Cilia and Flagella.
Basal Bodies – Used for anchoring cilia and flagella into cytoskeleton. They also
possess the “9+0” arrangement.
Flagellum – Forms long whip-like tail on sperm cell to create locomotion. They consist of 20 microtubules; 9 doublets with 2 central microtubules. This is known as a “9 + 2” Arrangement.
Cilia – Are shorter whip-like oars that stick out of a cell. They whip back and forth to push stuff like mucous over the
surface of the cell. They possess the same “9 + 2” Arrangement as the
Flagellum.
Fig. 3.12
Tap. 65
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYxDoP9ABHc
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