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OBJECTIVES
Identify the organs and other structures of the urinary systemBuild and analyze medical terms using word parts and be able to define and spell the word parts Define terms for the urinary systemInterpret the meanings of the abbreviations
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Urinary System Function
Removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid
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Urinary System (cont’d)
kidneys: 2 bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances.
nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney.
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Urinary System (cont’d)
kidneys: 2 bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances.
nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney.
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Urinary System (cont’d)
ureters: 2 slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladderurinary bladder: muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine
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Urinary System (cont’d)
ureters: 2 slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladderurinary bladder: muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine
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Urinary System (cont’d)
urethra: lowest part of the urinary tract through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body (female, 1.5 inches; male, 8 inches)
urinary meatus: the opening through which urine passes to the outside
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Combining Forms for the Urinary System
cyst/o, vesic/oglomerul/omeat/onephr/o, ren/opyel/oureter/ourethr/o
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Combining Forms Commonly Used with Urinary System Terms
albumin/oazot/oblast/oglyc/o, glycos/ohydr/olith/onoct/iolig/o
son/o tom/ourin/o, ur/o
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Three of Four Suffixes Beginning with -rrh
Suffix Meaning Chapter-rrhea flow, excessive discharge 4
-rrhagia rapid flow of blood 5
-rrhaphy suturing, repairing 6
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Three Word Parts that Incorporate the Root “tom”
Word Part Meaning Chapter-tome (S) instrument used 4
to cut
-tomy (S) cut into or incision 5
tom/o (WR) cut, section 6
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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts
cystitiscystocelecystolithglomerulonephritishematuriahydronephrosisnephroblastomanephrohypertrophynephrolithiasis
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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)
nephromegalynephroptosispyelitisuremiaureteroceleureterostenosisurethrocystitis
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Helpful Information
To correctly define the terms uremia and hematuria, start at the beginning of the term.
The term uremia is a toxic condition resulting from urea in the blood. For learning purposes, we have allowed the definition of uremia to be urine in the blood. The term hematuria means blood in the urine.
Hematuria is a symptom, whereas uremia is a serious disorder.
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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts
epispadiashypospadiaspolycystic kidney diseaserenal calculirenal hypertensionurinary retentionurinary suppressionurinary tract infection
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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
cystectomycystolithotomycystoplastycystorrhaphycystotomy or vesicotomylithotripsymeatotomynephrostomy
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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)
nephrectomynephrolysisnephropexynephropyelolithotomypyelolithotomypyeloplastyureterectomyurethroplasty
Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)fulgurationrenal transplant
Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts─Diagnostic Imaging
cystogramcystographycystourethrogramintravenous urogramnephrogramnephrographynephrosonographyrenogramretrograde pyelogram
Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts─Endoscopy
cystoscopecystoscopymeatoscopemeatoscopynephroscopyurethroscopeurinometer
Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts─Laboratory Procedures
blood urea nitogen (BUN)creatininespecific gravity (SG)urinalysis (UA)
Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts
albuminuriaanuriadiuresisdysuriaglycosuriahematurianephrologistnocturia
Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts
catheterdistendeddiureticenuresishemodialysis (HD)incontinencemicturatestricturevoid