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A Study on the DropoutA Study on the DropoutProblem of PrimaryProblem of Primary
Education in UttarEducation in Uttar
Dinajpur, West BengalDinajpur, West Bengal
A Study on the DropoutA Study on the DropoutProblem of PrimaryProblem of PrimaryEducation in UttarEducation in Uttar
Dinajpur, West BengalDinajpur, West Bengal
TOWARDS ACHIEVING RTETOWARDS ACHIEVING RTE
Chandan Roy, Assistant Prof.Chandan Roy, Assistant Prof.Kaliyaganj CollegeKaliyaganj College
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Introduction RTE came into force on 1st April,2011 Ensures free & compulsory education to all
the children between 6-14 age- group Compulsory education casts an obligation
on the appropriate government RTE matches with 2nd MDG, i.e., every child
across the nations must achieve primaryeducation within 2015
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Education Scenario in
India Primary School enrolment has increased by13.5% during 2001-05
But 1 out of 4 dropout from school beforereaching Grade V
Almost 2 out of 4 dropout before reachinggrade VIII
Dropout seems to be major hurdle inachieving RTE
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Dropout Scenario in West
Bengal West Bengal is second largest state indropout statistics
MHRD (97-98) shows 35.8% dropout inWest Bengal
NSS-52 round indicates 11.5% dropout forWB
Divergence in statistics is due to inflatedenrolment reported by the schools.
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Dropout problem in Uttar
Dinajpur Uttar Dinajpur is the lowest rankingDistrict in achieving literacy
Dropout rate in Primary Education ofthe district is also highest (34.57% in2005-06,)
Out of Primary School children in thedistrict is 13477 (2010 data)
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Major Objective of this
Presentation Shed some light on the issues of dropout Determine some area specific reasons
associated with dropout Derive the level of significance of thoseexplanatory variable
Suggesting few policy-modification (withinlimited scope of analysis)
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Reasons of Dropout :
Literature Review Weber & Rumberger(2001) explained
3 major reasons for dropout of
American students 1. Family Related Reasons (Socio-
economic status, disadvantaged
sections, Parental Education, SingleParent Family);
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Literature review 2. School Related reasons(attendance, grade, achievement,
interest in school and school work) 3. Personal Reasons (Disciplinary
Problems, Other extenuating
circumstances, like marriage)
i
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iteratureReview
Usha Jayachandran(2001) analyzedIndian data (NSS-52Round data )
Child not interestedto studies, Unable tocope, Parents notinterested, Financial
constraints areprincipal reasons ofDropout in India
Reasons Percent
Child not
interested
37.2
Unable to Cope 16.4
Parents not
interested
12.5
Financial
Constraint
11.2
Other economic
activities
6.5
Attending
domestic duties
3.7
Wage Work 2.5
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Literature Review
Ramachandran et al (2002) explained fewfactors for school access and completionof education
(i) income, (ii) caste, (iii) occupation,(iv)education level of parents;
Choudhury (2006) showed cared for
doing well in studies as the mostimportant predictor to reduce dropout inIndia
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Dropout in UD : A block
level Analysis Chopra shows the highest dropout(63.43%), followed by GoalpoherII
(53.22%) & Goalpokher I (44.13%) Standard I shows max dropout
(21.35%), followed by Std-II(8.5%),
Std-III(4.51%), Std-IV (0.41%)
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Block Specific IssuesRelated with Dropout
CHOPRA1. Girl child working in
tea garden leads to
high dropout2. Working parents dontsend their elderfemale-children toschool specially, for
sibling care
Goalpokher I & II1. Urdu speaking
children face
language problem2. Potential learnersengaged in Maktab
3. Seasonal Migration
4. Girls engage in Matmaking in Lodhan
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Block Specific Issues
Related with Dropout Islampur1. Seasonal
Migration2. Sibling Care by
elder child3. Child Labour due
to economiccompulsion
Karandighi1. Child Labour in Bidi
minding industry2. Linguistic problem
in ST dominatedarea
3. Lack of interestamong students4. Poverty
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Block Specific Issues
Related with Dropout Raiganj & Hemtabad1. Child Labour Problem
2. Migration
Kaliyaganj
1. SC/ST dominated areand problems related
disadvantaged section2. Border area problem
(eg, immoraltrafficing)
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Block Specific Issues
Related with dropout Itahar1. Economic compulsion of children due
to poverty2. Seasonal Migration
3. Lack of Interest among Children and
Parents
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Selected factors
associating with Dropout PTR (Pupil Teacher Ratio) SCR (Students Classroom Ratio)
REPTR (% of Repeaters) SC (% of SC)
ST (% of ST)
MUSL (% of Muslim Minorities) GPI (Gender Parity Index)
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Performance of
Explanatory Factors PTR : Norm (40:1), District (68.28)(2008-09)
SCR : Norm (30:1), District (42.25)(2008-09) REPTR : % of repeaters shows
fluctuating trend 50.5%(2003-04),32.23%(2005-06)
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Performance of
Explanatory Factors SC & ST : SC(25.81%DROPOUT),ST(12.35%DROPOUT). SC, ST domination usuallysignifies a higher rate of dropout(2005-06)
MUSL: Muslim Minorities show a higher rate ofdropout (44.79 in 2010-11 for UP) due to theirreligious teaching in Maktab
GPI : It reduces the rate of dropout as parentsfeel more comfortable to send their daughters
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Econometric Estimation The linear proposed model isDRP = Const+ 1.PTR + 2.SCR +
3.REPTR + 4.SC + 5.ST +6.MUSL + 7. GPIWhere, DRP = Dropout rate
Constant = Captures theimpact of unidentified variables
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Econometric Exercise Found F statistic is highly Significant,which means the model is perfectlyfit(after removing the heteroscedasticity)
R Squared = .72;
Adjusted R Squared= .57
Which means 57% of the data variations can
be explained by the factors
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The Significant
Explanatory factors SCR (significantly positively related) SC (significantly positively related)
MUSL (Inverse relation with dropout,which is a matter of surprise andneeds further probing)
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Concluding Remarks SCR needs to be reduced as it can significantlycontrol dropout
More effective remedial classes forDisadvantaged sections
Social transformation is highly required to sendthose Matab learners to formal school/Madrash
Child Labour needs to be effectively abolishedagainst economic compensation
Otherwise the implementation and impact of RTEwould remain a pipedream
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