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The American
Expeditionary Force May 1918- Americans sent to Europe
July 1918- 85,000 Americans help
defend Paris August 1918- 500,000 Americans
under the command of John J.Pershing enter the war
September 1918- 1.25 millionAmericans were fighting in France
November 1918- War ends
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The American
Expeditionary ForceAmericans made an immediate
impact upon the Allied war effort
Although their arrival was late,they made the difference thatdecided the war
US casualties- 50,280 menVery little compared to the rest of
the Allied nations
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The Home Front-
Shipbuilding Program US navy was in better shape than
the army thanks to TR
US government contracted for 10million tons of ships and builtshipyards to construct them
US used the convoy system tocross the Atlantic to protectthemselves against the German
subs
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The Home Front-
Mobilizing Money Expenses and loans for the war ran
into the billions of dollars
$23 billion for US war effort alone
$10 billion for Allied loans
US government used taxes and loansto pay for these expenses
Government taxes brought in $10.5 billion
Government bonds brought in $23 billion
Liberty Loans and Victory Loans
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The Home Front-
Government Intervention Some private businesses were
taken over by the government
Transportation Railroads
Railway express systems
Inland waterway systems Communications
Telephone, telegraph, and cablecompanies
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The Home Front-
Government Intervention Council of Defense
National food-control program
Run by Herbert Hoover Conducted the Belgian War Relief
Program
Broad powers over the production
and distribution of food, fuel,fertilizer, and farm machinery
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The Home Front-
Government Intervention Food Administration
Run by Herbert Hoover
Voluntary wheatless, meatless, heatlessdays
Urged the planting of war gardens
Prices on farm crops were set higher toencourage farmers to grow more
Use of grain to make beverage alcohol wasbanned
Coal was rationed for home use
Fuel and food output rose, while home
consumption decreased
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The Home Front-
Government Intervention The War Industries Board
Run by Bernard M. Baruch
Wall Street Financier
Decided what goods to produce
Set prices for government purchases
of supplies Increased production
Decreased waste
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The Home Front-
Labor Force Women
1 million women filled the labor gap left by
the 4 million enlisted men False hope for womens rights and equality
Women were asked to be patriotic and allowthe returning soldiers to have their jobs back
Minorities
African-Americans moved north to takeadvantage of the availability of jobs
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The Home Front-
Labor Force US Employment Service
Helped to fill essential jobs in vital
industries
National War Labor Board
Created to arbitrate labor disputesduring war time
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The Home Front-
War Propaganda Committee on Public Information
The Creel Commission Run by journalist George Creel
Assigned to sell the war to America
Published a daily Official Bulletin
To convince and to reassure Americansthat the war was a crusade for freedom
and democracy Results of the War Propaganda
Stirred up spy scares and a frantic hunt fortraitors
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The Home Front-
Civil Liberties Attacked Espionage Act
President was given powers of
censorship
Enacted heavy penalties againstanyone who handed out info
about any place connected withthe national defense
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The Home Front-
Civil Liberties Attacked Trading with the Enemy Act
US newspapers that printedin a foreign language had tosubmit English versions for
inspection
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The Home Front-
Civil Liberties Attacked The Sedition Act
Imposed penalties onanyone who used disloyal,profane, scurrilous, or
abusive language about theUS government, flag, oruniform
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The Home Front-
First Amendment Restrictions
Results of Decreased Civil Liberties
Citizens who disagreed in any way with
the government were harassed Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
were relocated from Arizona to NewMexico where they were interned
Socialist Eugene V. Debs was sentenced tojail for ten years for denouncing the war
Ran for the presidency while in jail in 1920
Released in 1921