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JF302
MATERIAL
TECHNOLOGY 1
CHAPTER 1
MATERIAL STRUCTURE
AND BINARY ALLOYSYSTEM
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
POLITEKNIK KOTA KINABALU
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WHAT IS MATTER?
Atom Elements Compound Mineral Rocks
Smallest Largest
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Is the smallest particle of an element and has the same chemicalproperties of the element Atoms:
the stuff that builds elements
the smallest particle that uniquely defines an elemen
Particles that make up an a tom: Protons: positive (+) charge Neutrons: no charge Electrons: negative (-) charge
Protons + neutrons define the nucleus of an atom.Layers of electrons that orbit around the nucleus are cal led orbitals
or energy-level shells .
ATOM
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ATOM STRUCTURE
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ATOM STRUCTURE
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A substance in which two or more different elements are
CHEMICALLY bonded together
COMPOUND
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Two or more substances that are mixed together but are NOT
chemically bonded.
MIXTURE
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PERIODIC TABLE ELEMENTS
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The arrangement of the chemical elements with increasing
atomic number according to the periodic variation in electron
structure. Nonmetallic elements are positioned at the far
right-hand side of the table.
DEFINE PERIODIC TABLE
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WHAT HAVE INSIDE THE BOX OF EPT?
Atomic Number
Symbol of Element
Atomic Weight
Name of Element
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WHAT IS ATOMIC NUMBER?
Atomic Number
Atomic numbers represent the number of
protons in one atom of the element.
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WHAT IS ATOMIC MASS?
Atomic Number
A sum of the number of
protons and neutrons inthe nucleus
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WHAT IS SYMBOL?
Symbol of Elements
Explains name of the element.
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Arrangements of electrons in an atom.
Each orbital can have only 2 electrons and with different
quantum numbers.
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
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1) Oxygen
Atomic Number=8
Shell Number=2
Group=? lets determine it through atomic orbit.
Solution
1) Filled up electron at first shells
2) The balance of electron number lef t will be fill up at outer shell. Then it
shows the group of Oxygen.
EXAMPLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Oxygen-atomic orbit
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crystal structure is a unique arrangementof atoms or molecules in a crystall inel iquid or solid.
A crystal struc ture is composed of a pattern, a set of atoms
arranged in a particular way, and a lattice exhibiting long -range
order and symmetry. Patterns are located upon the points of
a lattice , which is an array of points repeating periodically inthree dimensions. The points can be thought of as forming
identical tiny boxes, called unit cel ls, that fill the space of the
lattice. The lengths of the edges of a unit cell and the angles
between them are called the lattice
parameters. The symmetry properties of the crystal are
embodied in its space group. A crystal's structure and symmetry play a role in determining
many of its physical properties, such as cleavage, electronic
band structure, and optical transparency.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravais_latticehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravais_latticehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom7/28/2019 Chapter 1_Material Structure and Binary Alloy System
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CRYSTALLIZED STRUCTURE
Simple cubic
Body-centered cubic
No of atoms:
8 corner atom x 1/8 = 1 atom
Total atom = 1 atom
No of atoms:
8 corner atom x 1/8 = 1 atom
1 centre atom = 1 atom
Total atom = 2 atoms
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CRYSTALLIZED STRUCTURE
(CONT.)
Face-centered cubic
Hexagonal close-packed
No of atoms:12 corner atom x 1/6 = 2
atoms
2 centre atom x = 1
atom
3 centre atom = 3
atoms
Total atom = 6
atoms
No of atoms:
8 corner atom x 1/8 = 1 atom
6 face corner x = 3 atoms
Total atom = 4 atoms
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TO BE CONTINUED UNTIL
ALL STUDENT SUBMITTHE ASSIGNMENT!!!