Chapter 20: Regulation of The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
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OUTLINE
20.1 Overview of the Cell Cycle and Its Control20.2 Control of Mitosis by Cyclins and MPF Activity20.3 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Regulation Duriing Mitosis20.4 Molecular Mechanisms for Regulating Mitotic Events20.5 Cyclin CDK and Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Control of S phase20.6 Cell-Cycle Control in Mammalian Cells20.7 Checkpoints in Cell-Cycle Regulation20.8 Meiosis: A Special Type of Cell Division
FIGURE 20-1The fate of a single parental chromosome throughout the eukaryotic cell cycle
Cell Cycle Control
EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 20-8Autoradiography permits the detection of cyclical synthesis and destruction of mitotic cyclin in sea urchin embryos
Mitotic Cyclin Was First Identified in Early Sea Urchin Embryos
EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 20-8(a)Autoradiography permits the detection of cyclical synthesis and destruction of mitotic cyclin in sea urchin embryos
EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 20-8(b)Autoradiography permits the detection of cyclical synthesis and destruction of mitotic cyclin in sea urchin embryos
EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 20-9Cycling of MPF activity and mitotic events iin Xenopus egg extracts depend on synthesis and degradation of cyclin B
Cyclin B Levels and Kinase Activity of Mitosis-Promoting Factor(MPF) Change Together in Cycling Xenopus Egg Extracts
FIGURE 20-29Activity of S.cerevisiae cyclin-CDK complexes through the course of the cell cycle
Multiple Cyclins Regulate the Kinase Activity of S.cerevisiae CDK During Different Cell-Cycle Phase
Meiosis
KEY TERMScell division 细胞分裂
cell cycle 细胞周期
G1 (first gap) phase G1 期
S (synthetic) phase S 期
G2 phase G2 期
M (mitotic) phase M 期
prophase 前期
chromatid 染色单体
centromere 着丝粒
interphase 间期
mitotic apparatus 有丝分裂器
metaphase 中期
kinetochore 动粒
anaphase 后期
telophase 末期
cytokinesis 细胞浆移动
diploid 双倍体
haploid 单倍体
cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)
temperature-sensitive mutation 温度敏感型突变
zygote 合子
mitosis-promoting factor
proteasome 蛋白酶体
dominant 显性
nuclear lamina 核纤层
nucleoporin 核孔蛋白
SMC protein
S-phase-promoting factor(SPF)
replication origin 复制起点
mitogen 有丝分裂原
restriction point 限制性位点
tumor-suppressor gene 肿瘤抑制基因
GTPase superfamily
meiosis 减数分裂
recombination 重组
crossing over 互换
anaphase-promoting complex(APC/C)
APC/C specificity factor
Cdc14 phosphatase Cdc14 磷酸酶
Cdc25 phosphatase Cdc25 磷酸酶
CKIs
cohesin
condensin
destruction box
E2F factors
p53 protein p53 蛋白
quiescent cells 休眠细胞
Rb protein Rb 蛋白
SCF
securin
synapsis 联会
Wee1 protein-tyrosine kinase
Chapter 24: Immunology
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OUTLINE
24.1 Overview of Host Defenses24.2 Immunoglobulins: Structure and Function24.3 Generation of Antibody Diversity and B-Cell Development24.4 The MHC and Antigen Presentation24.5 T Cell, T-Cell Receptors, and T-Cell Development24.6 Collaboration of Immune-System Cells in the Adaptive Response
FIGURE 24-1The three layers of vertebrate immune defenses
FIGURE 24-2The circulatory and lymphatic systems
Leukocytes Circulate Throughout the Body and Take Up Residence in Tissues and Lymph Nodes
24.1 Overview of Host Defenses
FIGURE 24-3Initiation of the adaptive immune response in lymph nodes
Chapter 25: Cancer
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OUTLINE
25.1 Tumor Cells and the Onset of Cancer25.2 The Genetic Basis of Cancer25.3 Oncogenic Mutations in Growth-Promoting Proteins25.4 Mutations Causing Loss of Growth-Inhibiting and Cell-Cycle Controls25.5 Carcinogens and Caretaker Genes in Cancer
FIGURE 25-1Overview of changes in cells that cause cancer
25.1 Tumor Cells and the Onset of Cancer
FIGURE 25-2(a)Gross and microscopic views of a tumor invading normal liver tissue
Metastatic Tumor Cells Are Invasive and Can Spread
TGF beta signaling
KEY TERMS
proto-oncogene 原致癌基因tumour-suppressor gene 肿瘤抑制基因oncogene 致癌基因caretaker gene
apoptosis 凋亡carcinogen 致癌物clone 克隆tumor 肿瘤metastasis 转移malignant 恶性的cancer 癌stem cell 干细胞
transformationdominant 显性Ras protein Ras 蛋白constitutivep53 protein p53 蛋白DNA microarray DNA 微阵列checkpointautocrine 自分泌receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs)restriction point 限制性位点cyclins 细胞周期蛋白cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs)mitogen 有丝分裂元
dominant negative 显性负相programmed cell death 程序性细胞凋亡aneuploidy 非整倍性
and key terms in page 1146