Today’s Journal…
Look at the italicized paragraph on page 204. What types of things considered deviant in 1969 would you say are no longer deviant? Why? Would you add anything to the list?
Deviance andSocial Control
Ch. 7, Sec. 1 & 2, pp. 108-119
Deviance and Social Control
Deviance-behavior that departs from norms
Deviance changes from time and place
Types of Deviance
Negative Deviance- behavior that fails to meet accepted norms
Positive Deviance- Over-conformity to the norms to a state of imbalance and extreme perfectionism
Social ControlThe ways a society promotes
conformity to normsInternal Social Control-Lies within the
person and is acquired through socializationInternalization is most effective
method of control
Social Control
External Social Control- Based on rewards and punishments designed to encourage a desired behaviorSanctions play a major role here
Costs and Benefits of Deviance
Negative Effects of DevianceErodes peoples’ trust in youIf not corrected at an early age
deviance will growCost of fixing behavior is expensive
to society (Schools vs. Prisons)
Positives of Deviant Behavior
Helps others understand what is deviant behavior and hopefully shapes more positive behavior
Can act as a temporary safety valve to relieve stress
Promotes social change
Strain Theory (Merton)
Occurs when there is a gap between culturally desirable goals and the legitimate way of obtaining them
What happens when you don’t have the skills to reach goals or financial means to obtain them??
Deviant Responses to Strain Theory
Innovation-person accepts the goals but uses illegal means to reach them
Ritualism-person rejects goals knowing they can’t reach them, but continue to use legal means
Deviant Responses to Strain Theory
Retreatism-the person rejects both the means and the goals so they drop out of society
Rebellion-reject goals and the approved means to get them, so they substitute a new set of goals and means to achieve them
Control Theory (Hirsch)Conformity to social norms depends
on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society.The weaker the bonds the more
likely deviance is going to happenPeople conform to “save face” with
family and friends
Social Bond CharacteristicsAttachment-the stronger your
attachment to a group the more likely you are going to conform
Commitment-the greater your commitment to the social goals and values of the group the more likely you are to conform
Social Bond CharacteristicsInvolvement-the greater your
participation in socially approved activities the more likely you are to conform
Belief-if a person believes in the norms and values and what the society stands for, they are more likely to conform
HIRSCHI ESSAY
Write a 1 pg. essay that explains, with examples, how schools use Hirschi’s 4 social bond characteristics (p. 212) to get you to conform to their norms.
STOP!!!
Symbolic Interactionism and Deviance
Ch. 7, sec.3, pp. 214-217
Differential Association Theory
Emphasizes the role of primary groups in transmitting devianceDeviance is learned (primary groups)Purpose of Juvenile Detention
Centers?
Characteristics of TheoryIndividual who knows mostly deviants
is more likely to learn deviant behavior
If significant others are deviant, the individual is more likely to copy behavior
Young children learn deviant behaviors more quickly than older children
Labeling TheoryDeviance is relative to time and placeThe same behavior from two different
people may be labeled differentlySocial classes are not always labeled
equallyThe more affluent class you are in the
more breaks the system give you
Degrees of DeviancePrimary Deviance-occurs when a
person engages in an isolated act of devianceDon’t consider themselves to be
deviantSecondary Deviance-deviance is a
person’s lifestyle. Chosen the life of a criminal
Conflict Theory and Deviance
Ch. 7, Sec.4, pp.218-223
Deviance in an Industrialized Society
Deviance occurs b/c of conflict between those in control and those who lack control
The rich define deviance as acts which threaten their position
Defined as those who criticize the system or are unwilling to work within it. Punished severely.
Race, Ethnicity, and CrimeConflict Theorists believe minorities
receive unequal treatment before the criminal justice system.
Minorities are more often convicted and serve more jail time and more death sentences
Race, Ethnicity, and CrimeMinorities don’t have economic
resources to buy good legal servicesCrimes against whites are punished
more severelyVictim Discounting-seriousness of the
crime is reduced by the general society if it is directed at members of a lower social class
Today’s Journal…
What is your opinion on capital punishment? When should it be used?
White Collar Crime
Any crime committed by respectable individuals, that have high statuses in society, in the course of their occupation
Sentences are less, usually probation or repayment
Crime of Opportunity
Crime and Punishment
Ch. 7, Sec. 5, pp. 224-232
Measure of CrimeCrime-acts in violation of statute law
(2,800 classified federal crimes)Violent crime in the U.S. is greater
than most other industrialized nationsUniform Crime Report-(FBI)-annual
report which collects crime reports National Crime Victimization Survey-
gives an indication that many crimes go unreported
Juvenile Crime
Crimes committed by people under 18
Violent juvenile crime has decreased
Why do you think that is?
4 Approaches to Crime Control
Deterrence-threat of punishment to discourage criminal actions. Works if:Criminals are likely to get caughtPunishment will be severeIn our justice system the
punishment is not certain, swift, of severe
4 Approaches to Crime Control
Retribution-punishment intended to make the criminal pay compensation for their acts
Incarceration-puts criminals in prison and removes them from society
Rehabilitation-an effort to break this pattern of criminal behavior and replace it with better behavior