CHAPTER 7b: Nervous System
Meninges = three membranes covering the CNS structures (p 211)
Duramater = outermost layer
Dura = hardMater = motherDura = hardMater = mother
netterimages.com
schools-wikipedia.org
Protection of CNSProtection of CNS
Arachnoid Mater = web-like middle layer
Arachno = spiderArachno = spider
commons.wikimedia.org
Pia Mater = innermost layer following folds
pia = gentlepia = gentle
commons.wikimedia.org
Meningitis = inflammation of meninges
http://healthline.healthology.com/hybrid/hybrid-autodetect.aspx?content_id=2582&focus_handle=childrens-diseases&brand_name=healthline
http://www.nmaus.org/programs/getting-it/
http://www.healthline.com/hgy-transcripts/meningitis-overview
http://video.about.com/infectiousdiseases/Meningitis.htm
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) = fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Continually made from blood plasma in choroid plexuses which hang from the “roof” of the brains ventricles.
Circulates continuously by being produced and then drained back into blood plasma to keep a constant volume of about 150 ml.
Function: protection
Spinal Tap = sampling technique to test CSF.Hydrocephalus = “water on the brain”
BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER Keeps neurons separated from blood-borne substances.
Made of LEAST PERMEABLE capillaries in the body. Can’t keep out
fats, respiratory gases, alcohol, nicotine, or anesthetics.
vandenberg.af.mil
Brain Injuries
Traumatic Brain Injuries and Brain DysfunctionsTraumatic Brain Injuries and Brain Dysfunctions
Head injuries are the leading cause of accidental death in the USA.
Concussion = slight injury, dizziness, brief loss of consciousness.http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000034&ptid=17
Contusion = marked tissue destruction, coma
Cerebral Edema = swelling of the brain, death
BrainMatters 54:00 http://video.pbs.org/video/1390247671/
Stroke = cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when circulation is cut off to the brain.
http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000123&ptid=17
Aphasia = result of damage to left cerebral hemisphere, affects speech.
motor aphasia = affects Broca’s area and loss of speechsensory aphasia = loss of understanding of language
TIA = transient ischemic attack (mini-stroke)
Alzheimer’s Disease
• mental deterioration• progressive degenerative disease• originally called “senile dementia”• memory loss, irritability, moodiness, confusion, possibly violent• later stages include hallucinations
Dementia 1:01 http://www.healthscout.com/animation/1/7/main.html
Alzheimer’s Disease 19:10 http://www.alzheimer.ca/english/disease/whatisit-video.htm
articles.mercola.com
topnews.net.nz
Alzheimer’s Disease
Spinal Cord
About 17 inches (42 cm) long.31 pairs of nerves arise from it.About 17 inches (42 cm) long.
31 pairs of nerves arise from it.
Textbook page 217.
Association neurons
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
White matter of the spinal cord
Quadriplegic = damage high in cord
Paraplegic = damage low in cord