Hazardous Chemical IncidentHazardous Chemical Incident Methylisocyanate (MIC) Methylisocyanate (MIC)
incident at Bhopal, Indiaincident at Bhopal, India
3,300 people killed 3,300 people killed immediately; 16,000 after ten immediately; 16,000 after ten yearsyears
40 tons of MIC released that 40 tons of MIC released that covered 20 Kmcovered 20 Km22
Over 500,000 people suffered Over 500,000 people suffered effects of gaseffects of gas
Ground water hazard for ten Ground water hazard for ten yearsyears
Hazardous ChemicalsHazardous Chemicals
Physical HazardsPhysical Hazards ExplosivesExplosives Compressed gasesCompressed gases Flammable and Flammable and
combustible liquidscombustible liquids Flammable solidsFlammable solids OxidizersOxidizers PoisonsPoisons RadioactiveRadioactive CorrosivesCorrosives
Health HazardsHealth Hazards AsphyxiantAsphyxiant CarcinogenCarcinogen IrritantIrritant CorrosiveCorrosive SensitizerSensitizer Toxic AgentToxic Agent
Any chemical (solid, liquid, gas) that can cause harm to people and their surroundings
Hazardous ChemicalsHazardous Chemicals
Commercial hazardous Commercial hazardous chemicalschemicals
Household hazardous Household hazardous chemicalschemicals
Hazardous materials Hazardous materials locationslocations
Typical Hazardous Chemical Typical Hazardous Chemical LocationsLocations
Chemical plantsChemical plants WarehousesWarehouses Tank farmsTank farms Truck, shipping, airline terminalsTruck, shipping, airline terminals Weapons depotsWeapons depots HospitalsHospitals LaboratoriesLaboratories Truck, shipping, airline terminalsTruck, shipping, airline terminals Nuclear plantsNuclear plants Maintenance facilitiesMaintenance facilities
Type of Hazardous ChemicalsType of Hazardous Chemicals SolidSolid
– Arsenic, Cyanide, Pesticides, Arsenic, Cyanide, Pesticides, Pyrophorics, ExplosivesPyrophorics, Explosives
LiquidLiquid– Acid, Caustics, Flammables, Solvents, Acid, Caustics, Flammables, Solvents,
Organic Toxins, Pesticides, MedicinesOrganic Toxins, Pesticides, Medicines
GasGas– CO, Chlorine, Phosgene, AmmoniaCO, Chlorine, Phosgene, Ammonia
Solid ChemicalsSolid Chemicals––HazardsHazards Entry: ingestion, skin, inhalationEntry: ingestion, skin, inhalation
Often highly concentratedOften highly concentrated
Generally immobileGenerally immobile
Usually requires secondary carrierUsually requires secondary carrier– WaterWater
– FireFire
– ExplosionExplosion
Liquid ChemicalsLiquid Chemicals––HazardsHazards Entry: skin, ingestion, injectionEntry: skin, ingestion, injection Often concentratedOften concentrated Mobile and often water solubleMobile and often water soluble Can form toxic vaporsCan form toxic vapors Can use secondary carrierCan use secondary carrier
– Food and waterFood and water
– FireFire
– ExplosionExplosion
Toxic GasesToxic Gases––HazardsHazards
Entry: respiratory, eyes, skin, ingestionEntry: respiratory, eyes, skin, ingestion
Rapid route into the bodyRapid route into the body
Very mobileVery mobile Can be produced by a liquid or Can be produced by a liquid or
solid, or compressed formsolid, or compressed form
Deceptive and quickDeceptive and quick
Effects of Hazardous ChemicalsEffects of Hazardous Chemicals
Any substance that can Any substance that can result in harmful result in harmful effectseffects– Immediate (acute)Immediate (acute)
– Delayed (minutes or Delayed (minutes or hours)hours)
– Long Term (chronic)Long Term (chronic)
– Temporary effectsTemporary effects
– Permanent effectsPermanent effects
Toxic Chemical Routes of EntryToxic Chemical Routes of Entry
Eyes
Respiratory tract
Skin
Ingestion
Injection
Intensity of EffectsIntensity of Effects
Varies byVaries by– Type of chemicalType of chemical– Exposure (time X amount)Exposure (time X amount)– Physical healthPhysical health– AgeAge– Weather (wind, temperature, rain)Weather (wind, temperature, rain)
SymptomsSymptoms CoughingCoughing
Constricted pupils, red teary eyesConstricted pupils, red teary eyes
Bleeding or hemorrhagingBleeding or hemorrhaging
Strong or unusual smellStrong or unusual smell
Strange behaviorStrange behavior
ConvulsionsConvulsions
UnconsciousnessUnconsciousness
SymptomsSymptoms
Difficulty breathingDifficulty breathing Blurred visionBlurred vision Runny eyes and noseRunny eyes and nose Slurred speech, disorientationSlurred speech, disorientation Skin irritationSkin irritation NauseaNausea Sudden headacheSudden headache WeaknessWeakness If you experience these
symptoms, seek medical attention immediately
ActivityActivity -- GeneralGeneralHazardsHazards --PrecautionsPrecautions -- -- All school laboratories All school laboratories
should have the following; should have the following; laboratory hood if toxic, volatile laboratory hood if toxic, volatile chemicals are used; eyewash chemicals are used; eyewash fountains, emergency showers fountains, emergency showers (if concentrated acids, bases or (if concentrated acids, bases or other corrosive chemicals are other corrosive chemicals are
present); first aid kits, proper present); first aid kits, proper fire fire extinguishers; protective extinguishers; protective
goggles, gloves and lab coats, goggles, gloves and lab coats, proper disposal receptacles proper disposal receptacles
and and procedures; spill control kit. procedures; spill control kit. Avoid carcinogens, mutagens Avoid carcinogens, mutagens and highly toxic chemicals and highly toxic chemicals
like like mercury, lead, cadmium, mercury, lead, cadmium, chlorine chlorine gas, etc.gas, etc.
ActivityActivity -- Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry
HazardsHazards -- SolventsSolvents
Precautions-Precautions- Use only in laboratory hoodUse only in laboratory hoodUse least toxic solventsUse least toxic solventsDo semi-micro or microscaleDo semi-micro or microscaleexperiments.experiments.
ActivityActivity -- Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry
HazardHazard -- Peroxides and explosivesPeroxides and explosives
PrecautionsPrecautions -- Do not use explosive orDo not use explosive or
Chemicals such as etherChemicals such as ether
which can form explosivewhich can form explosive
peroxides.peroxides.
ActivityActivity -- Inorganic ChemistryInorganic Chemistry
HazardsHazards -- Acids and BasesAcids and Bases
PrecautionsPrecautions -- Avoid concentrated Avoid concentrated acids and bases whenacids and bases when
possiblepossible
ActivityActivity -- Analytical ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry
HazardsHazards -- Hydrogen sulphideHydrogen sulphide
PrecautionsPrecautions -- Do not use hydrogenDo not use hydrogen
sulphide.sulphide. Use Use substitutessubstitutes
ActivityActivity -- StorageStorage
HazardsHazards -- Incompatibilities Incompatibilities
Precautions-Precautions- Avoid alphabetical storage, Avoid alphabetical storage,
which can place incompatiblewhich can place incompatible
chemicals in close proximitychemicals in close proximity
Store chemicals by Store chemicals by compatible groups.compatible groups.
Seven Personal Protective Seven Personal Protective Equipment CategoriesEquipment Categories
1.1. Eyes Eyes
2.2. EarsEars
3.3. HeadHead
4.4. Respiratory systemRespiratory system
5.5. HandsHands
6.6. Feet Feet
7.7. Whole bodyWhole body
Eye Protection PPEEye Protection PPE Safety glasses, safety goggles, face shields, Safety glasses, safety goggles, face shields,
welding helmets and full-face respirators welding helmets and full-face respirators – Physical hazards: Fire, heat/cold, explosions, Physical hazards: Fire, heat/cold, explosions,
punctures, lacerations, abrasions and the absorption punctures, lacerations, abrasions and the absorption of chemicalsof chemicals
– Health hazards: Acute and chronic health effects Health hazards: Acute and chronic health effects ranging from immediate blindness to a delayed ranging from immediate blindness to a delayed infection of the eyesinfection of the eyes
Respiratory Protection PPERespiratory Protection PPE Air purifying respirators (APRs), supplied-air Air purifying respirators (APRs), supplied-air
respirators (SARs) & oxygen breathing respirators (SARs) & oxygen breathing apparatus (OBAs)apparatus (OBAs)– Physical hazards: Dusts, mists, fumes, gases, and Physical hazards: Dusts, mists, fumes, gases, and
extreme heat and cold extreme heat and cold – Health hazards: Biological agents, lack of oxygen, Health hazards: Biological agents, lack of oxygen,
toxic and flammable materials toxic and flammable materials
Hand Protection PPEHand Protection PPE Gloves can provide protection from:Gloves can provide protection from:
– Physical hazards: Heat, cold, punctures, lacerations, Physical hazards: Heat, cold, punctures, lacerations, and burnsand burns
– Health hazards: Acute or chronic disease caused by Health hazards: Acute or chronic disease caused by chemical or biological material being absorbed chemical or biological material being absorbed through, or entering through openings in the skin of through, or entering through openings in the skin of the handsthe hands
Whole Body Protective Whole Body Protective ClothingClothing
The three body protective clothing for The three body protective clothing for Chemicals is classified into protectiveChemicals is classified into protective
Levels A, B, C & DLevels A, B, C & D
Did you Know?Did you Know? An improvised mask made by soaking a clean An improvised mask made by soaking a clean
cloth in a solution of one table spoon of baking cloth in a solution of one table spoon of baking soda in a cup of water can provide some soda in a cup of water can provide some protection against chemical & biological protection against chemical & biological agents. agents.
Covering all parts of body will protect against Covering all parts of body will protect against contact hazards. contact hazards.