�China: GEF Dioxin Reduction from the Pulp and Paper Industry
Project(P125528)�
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
for
Technical Upgrade of Ningxia Zhongye Meili Paper
Mill
Ningxia Zhongye Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry
January 2012
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Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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Contents
1. Overview...................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Project Background ..........................................................................................................3
1.2 Basis for Report Compilation ..........................................................................................4
1.3 EIA Principles and Goals .................................................................................................8
1.4 EIA Classification and Scope ...........................................................................................9
1.5 EIA Key Tasks and Factors.............................................................................................12
1.6 Environmental Sensitive Points and Environmental Protection Targets ......................13
1.7 EIA Standards .................................................................................................................17
2. Overview and Review of Existing Project and Ongoing Project Construction.......................23
2.1. Project Overview.........................................................................................................23
2.2. Project Analysis...........................................................................................................67
2.3. Pollutants Discharge and Control Measures ...............................................................93
2.4. Current Situation of Environmental Protection and Labor Protection System .........103
2.5. Reform Measures and “Old + New Project Construction” .......................................105
3. Overview and Analysis of the Planned Project Construction................................................108
3.1. Project Overview.......................................................................................................108
3.2. Project Analysis.........................................................................................................119
3.3. Balance of Water, Steam and Power Consumption after the Planned Project
Construction.........................................................................................................................132
3.4. Pollutants Discharge from the Planned Project Construction ...................................141
4. Environmental Situation of Project Construction Site ..........................................................154
4.1. Geography Location..................................................................................................154
4.2. Natural Environment.................................................................................................154
4.3. Social Environment...................................................................................................156
5. Survey and Assessment of Environmental Quality ...............................................................159
5.1. Quality Survey and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment.................................159
5.2. Quality Survey and Assessment of Surface Water Environment ..............................169
5.3. Quality Survey and Assessment of Ground Water Environment ..............................182
5.4. Quality Survey and Assessment of Noise Environment............................................187
5.5. Quality Survey and Assessment of Soil Environment...............................................189
5.6. Brief Summary..........................................................................................................190
6. Environmental Impact Analysis in the Period of Construction.............................................191
6.1. Analysis on the Impact on Atmosphere Environment in the Construction Period....192
6.2. Analysis on the Acoustic Environmental Impact in the Period of Construction.......194
6.3. Analysis on the Impact on Water Environment in Construction Period....................199
6.4. Analysis on Solid Waste Impact on the Environment in Construction Period ..........200
6.5. Analysis on the Impact on Ecological Environment in the Construction Period ......201
6.6. Analysis on Traffic Impact in the Construction Period.............................................202
6.7. Analysis on Security Risk in Construction Period ....................................................202
6.8. Brief Summary..........................................................................................................204
7. Atmospheric Environmental Impact Forecast and Assessment ............................................205
7.1. Grade and Scope of Assessment ...............................................................................205
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7.2. Analysis on Conventional Meteorology Features .....................................................207
7.3. Atmospheric Environmental Impact Forecast and Assessment.................................216
7.4. Protection Distance for Fugitive Emission................................................................247
7.5. Conclusion of Atmospheric Environmental Impact Assessment...............................249
8. Analysis of Impact on Water Environment ...........................................................................251
8.1. Analysis of Wastewater Quality ................................................................................251
8.2. Analysis of Impact on Groundwater Environment....................................................253
8.3. Summary ...................................................................................................................262
9. Forecast and Assessment of Impact on Noise Environment .................................................263
9.1. Source Intensity of Noise ..........................................................................................263
9.2. Assessment Factor and Assessment Standard ...........................................................264
9.3. Forecast Scope and Amount......................................................................................264
9.4. Sensitive Targets .......................................................................................................264
9.5. Forecast Contents......................................................................................................265
9.6. Time Aeriod for Assessment .....................................................................................265
9.7. Forecast Mode...........................................................................................................265
9.8. Analysis on Forecast Results ....................................................................................267
9.9. Summary ...................................................................................................................270
10. 10 Analysis on Disposal and Impact of Solid Wastes .......................................................270
10.1. Emission Features and Emission statistics of Solid Wastes ..................................270
10.2. Components and Treatment & Disposal Measures for Solid Wastes ....................271
10.3. Seepage Proof Measures .......................................................................................273
10.4. Analysis of Impact on Transportation Environment .............................................274
10.5. Summary ...............................................................................................................275
11. Environmental Risk Assessment .......................................................................................275
11.1. Risk Identification.................................................................................................275
11.2. Environmental Risk Analysis ................................................................................282
11.3. Risk Prevention Measures.....................................................................................284
11.4. Risk Emergency Plan ............................................................................................293
11.5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................303
12. Analysis and Assessment on Cleaner Production .............................................................303
12.1. Factor of Papermaking Industry Cleaner Production ............................................304
12.2. Analysis on Cleaner Production of the Project .....................................................304
12.3. Assessment on Capacity of Cleaner Production....................................................306
12.4. Conclusion ............................................................................................................311
13. Pollution Control Measures and Feasibility Analysis .......................................................312
13.1. Environmental Protection Measures during Construction Period and Feasibility
Analysis 312
13.2. Countermeasures and Measures to Prevent and Control Pollution during Operation
Period 314
13.3. Compliance with the pollution prevention measures in the “Guidance to
Environment, Health and Safety in Paper Industry”............................................................288
13.4. Environmental Protection Investment ...................................................................291
14. Analysis of Total Pollutant Control...................................................................................292
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14.1. 14.1 Principles of total pollutant control...............................................................292
14.2. Total Emission Control Factor ..............................................................................292
14.3. Total Emission Control Indicators and their Sources ............................................293
15. Analysis of Conformity to Relevant Policies and Plans....................................................294
15.1. Analysis of Conformity to Relevant Policies ........................................................294
15.1.3 Policy on Technologies for Prevention and Control of SO2 Emissions from Coal-
Burning”...............................................................................................................................295
15.2. Analysis of Conformity to Relevant Plans............................................................295
15.3. Analysis of conformity to land use plan................................................................299
15.4. Summary ...............................................................................................................299
16. Environmental Impact and Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis ...........................................299
16.1. Economic Benefit Analysis ...................................................................................299
16.2. Social Benefit Analysis .........................................................................................300
16.3. Environmental Benefit Analysis............................................................................300
17. Public Participation ...........................................................................................................302
17.1. Purpose and Role of Public Participation..............................................................302
17.2. Approach and Content of Public Participation Survey..........................................302
17.3. Survey Respondents ..............................................................................................325
17.4. Analysis of Survey Results ...................................................................................325
17.5. Sub-conclusion......................................................................................................329
18. Environmental Protection Management and Monitoring Plan..........................................330
18.1. Environmental Protection Management System ...................................................330
18.2. Environmental Protection Monitoring Plan ..........................................................335
18.3. Environmental Protection Related Plans...............................................................346
18.4. Risk Management Plan .........................................................................................349
18.5. Measures to Mitigate Environmental Impact ........................................................355
18.6. Investment In Environmental Protection...............................................................369
19. Assessment Conclusion and Suggestion ...........................................................................370
19.1. Conclusion ............................................................................................................370
19.2. Suggestions ...........................................................................................................377
1. Overview
1.1 Project Background
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd, as one of the key papermaking enterprises included in the program of “Ningxia Strategic Research and Development Plan for Papermaking Industry Development”, is an entity with the annual capacity of producing 90,000 tonnes of bleached wheat straw pulp, 34,000 tonnes of deinked pulp and 30,000 tonnes of waste board pulp for self use, i.e., an annual production of 250,000 tonnes of various types of cultural paper, special paper and cardboard paper.
In recent years, with the promulgation of industry policies and pollutants emission standards for pulp and paper making industry, a number of problems have emerged from the existing units of the old plant: low efficiency of the system of
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wheat straw cooking process, high level of energy consumption and low ratio of production, low quality of pulp and low level of alkali recovery; some paper machine rooms, due to backward productivity, are to be phased out according to the “Guiding Catalogue For Structural Adjustment of Industry (2011)”; in addition, due to the failure of effective operation and the low efficiency of wastewater treatment, the final
discharge of wastewater failed in meeting the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008). To solve these problems, Meili Paper Industry is planning to adopt the strategy of “Old + New Project Construction”, i.e., to implement a new project of extended delignification and ECF (element chlorine free) bleaching technologies for realizing the annual production of 68,000 tonnes of wheat straw pulp, which is a part of the major technology reform approved by NDRC---“Development Project of Chemical Delignification and ECF Bleaching Technologies for Wheat Straw Pulp Production”
In February 2009, the Project’s EIA Report was approved by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NingHuanShenFa [2009] 12),
but the construction has not been kicked off in the Industry Park of Meili Paper in Zhongwei City. In 2011, the Project was restarted in a new location in the former Plant of Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd, without demand for new land appropriation. As required by the “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”, the “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the “Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection”, a new round of environmental impact assessment is necessary for certifying the environmental feasibility of the Project. Accordingly, the EIA task (see Annex I) was consigned by Meili Paper to the Light Industry Environmental Protection Research Institute (GuoHuanPing Certificate A 1028). The
Light Industry Environmental Protection Research Institute accepted the consignment and organized professionals to conduct on-site investigation and status quo monitoring and collect existing environmental protection records and supporting documents, based on which the assessment on environmental impacts was conducted according to the updated national demand and technical requirements, in addition to public participation and announcement, as a result, the compilation of “Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd EIA Report on the Project of Extended Delignification and ECF Bleaching Technologies Reform for the Annual Production of 68,000 Tonnes of Wheat Straw Pulp” was finished and submitted to the Environmental Protection Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for review and approval in December
2011. The project is selected as a demonstration project for GEF financing. The international implementation agency is the World Bank. Therefore, in line with World Bank safeguards policies, the domestic EIA report is further enhanced to meet the World Bank requirements.
1.2 Basis for Report Compilation
1.2.1 Legal Basis
(1) “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” (December 26, 1989)
(2) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution” (April 29, 2000)
(3) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution” (February 28, 2008)
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(4) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste” (December 29, 2004)
(5) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution” (March 1, 1997)
(6) “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China” (PRC President Order No. 77, October 28, 2002)]
(7) “Circular Economy Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China” (PRC President Order No. 4, August 29, 2008)
(8) “Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Nature Reserves” (December 1, 1994)
(9) “Cleaner Production Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China” (PRC President Order No. 72, June 29, 2002)
(10) “Energy Conservation Law of the People’s Republic of China” (January 1, 1998)
(11) “Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China” (August 29, 1998)
(12) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation” (June 29, 1991)
(13) “City Planning Law of the People’s Republic of China” (Effective as of April 1, 1990)
(14) “Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection” (State Council Order No. 253, November 1998)
(15) “Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment of Planning”
(State Council Order No. 559, August 17, 2009)
(16) “Regulation on the Administration of Hazardous Chemical Substance” (State Council Order No. 344, effective as of March 15, 2002)
(17) The State Council’s “Decision on a Number of Problems Concerning Environmental Protection” (GuoFa [1996] 31)
(18) The State Council’s “Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Circular Economy” (GuoFa [2005] 22, July 2, 2005)
(19) The State Council’s “Decision on Implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection”
(GuoFa [2005] 39, December 3, 2005)
(20) The State Council General Office’s “Notification on Strengthening and Regulating the Management of New Construction Project” (GuoBanFa [2007] 64, November 17, 2007)
(21) The State Council’s “Notification on Printing and Distributing the Comprehensive Work Plan of Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction” (GuoFa [2007] 15, May 23, 2007)
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(22) The State Council’s “Opinions on Further Promoting Ningxia Economic and Social Development” (GuoFa [2008] 29, September 7, 2008)
(23) “The Opinions of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Further Strengthening the Work of Industrial Water
Conservation” (MIIT [2010] 218, May 4, 2010)
(24) “The Notice on Printing and Distributing the ‘Regulation on the Development of Co-Generation’” by the State Development Planning Commission, State Economic and Trade Cooperation, the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Environmental Protection (JiJichu [2000] 1268, August 22, 2000)
(25) “The Notice on Strengthening EIA Management and Preventing Environmental Risks” by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (HuanFa [2005] 152)
(26) “The Classified Catalogue of Environmental Impact Studies”
(MEP Order No. 2, revised on August 15, 2008)
(27) “The Guiding Catalogue for Structural Adjustment of Industry (2011)” (NDRC [2011] Order No. 9, March 27, 2011)
(28) “The Technology Policies on Prevention and Control of
Pollution from Coal-Fired Sulfur Dioxide Emission” by SEPA (HuanFa
[2002] 26, January 30, 2002)
(29) “The Official Reply Concerning the Prevention Distance Standard in Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Project” by MEP (HuanHan [2009] 224, September 18, 2009)
(30) “Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Regulation (Revised Edition)” (Revised on November 19, 2009)
(31) “Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Regulation on Construction Project” (Effective as of October 1, 2002)
(32) “The Notice on Ningxia Construction Project Environmental Protection Pre-review System” forwarded by the General Office of the People’s Government of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NingZhengBanFa [2001] 33, March 5, 2001)
(33) “Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Regulation on Water Conservation” (May 1, 2007)
(34) “Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Regulation on Administration of Nature Reserves” (October 2002)
(35) “OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment for the World Bank Business Policies and Procedures”
1.2.2 Technical Basis
(1) HJ/T2.1-2011 “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---General Rules”
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(2) HJ2.2-2008 “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Atmospheric Environment”
(3) HJ/T2.3-1993 “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Surface Water Environment”
(4) HJ/610-2011 “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact
Assessment---Ground Water Environment”
(5) HJ2.4-2009 “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustic Environment”
(6) HJ19-2011 “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Ecological Impact”
(7) HJ/T169-2004 “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Project”
(8) “Provisional Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment” (HuanFa [2006] 28)
(9) HJ/T91-2002 “Technical Standard for Monitoring of Surface Water and
Wastewater”
(10) HJ/T92-2002 “Technical Standard for Monitoring of Aggregate Water Pollutants Discharge”
(11) HJ/T164-2004 “Technical Standard for Monitoring of Ground Water Environment”
(12) HJ/T55-2000 “Technical Guidelines for Monitoring of Fugitive Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants”
(13) GB18218-2009 “Identification of Major Sources of Hazardous Chemicals”
(14) “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines”, World Bank Group
(15) “Papermaking Industry Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines”, World Bank Group
1.2.3 Planning Basis
(1) “The Outline of the 11th
Five-Year Plan of National Economy and Social Development” (March 16, 2006)
(2) “The ‘11th Five-Year Plan’ for National Environmental Protection” (November 22, 2007)
(3) “The Plan of Light Industry Adjustment and Rejuvenation” (May 18, 2009)
(4) “Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Outline of ‘The 11th Five-Year Plan for National Economy and Social Development’” (April 13, 2006)
(5) “Ningxia Industry ‘11th Five-Year Plan’” (March 27, 2007)
(6) “The Development Plan of Ningxia Light & Textile Industry Embracing 2010” (2004)
(7) “The Strategic Research and Development Plan of Ningxia Papermaking Industry Development” (February 2007)
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(8) “Zhongwei City ‘11th Five-Year Plan’ of National Economy and Social Development”
(9) “Zhongwei City Overall City Planning”
(10) “Zhongwei City ‘11th Five-Year Plan’ of Environmental Protection”
1.2.4 Other Relevant Documents
“The Consignment Letter of Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd for Environmental Impact Assessment of the Project of Extended Delignification Cooking and Cleaner Bleaching Technologies Reform for the Annual Production of 68,000 Tonnes of Wheat Straw Pulp”
“The Project Application Report of the Project of Extended Delignification Cooking and Cleaner Bleaching Technologies Reform for the Annual Production of
68,000 Tonnes of Wheat Straw Pulp by Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd” (China Papermaking Development Baoding Design Company, May 2008)
“The Official Reply to the Application Standard of Environmental Impact Assessment Concerning the Project of Extended Delignification Cooking and Cleaner Bleaching Technologies Reform for the Annual Production of 68,000 Tonnes of Wheat Straw Pulp by Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd” (WeiHuanHan [2011] 36)
“The Official Reply to the EIA Report of the Project of Extended Delignification Cooking and Cleaner Bleaching Technologies Reform for the Annual Production of 68,000 Tonnes of Wheat Straw Pulp by Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd”
(NingHuanShenFa [2009] 12, February 2009).
1.3 EIA Principles and Goals
1.3.1 EIA Principles
1. The planned project construction must comply with the national industry policies and local industry planning, as well as the overall city planning and environmental functions regionalization;
2, The planned project must meet the national standard for cleaner production, including the production process, technical equipments, energy consumption, raw material and auxiliary material consumption, level of pollutants generation, etc.;
3. The planned project construction must meet the national and local demand for control of aggregate pollutants emission.
1.3.2 EIA Goals
1. To propose reform measures and raise recommendations on environmental protection based on the strategy of “Old + New Project Construction” and the study on the industry policies’ applicability based on the analysis of the existing project and on-going project construction and the understanding of the process characteristics, pollutants generation units of the existing production lines and those under
construction as well as the environmental protection measures and standard reaching emissions;
2. To provide the information on the environmental background of the
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Project area through the investigation and monitoring on the status quo of the ambient environment based on the process characteristics of the existing project and the ongoing and planned project construction;
3. To realize effective control of the aggregate pollutants emission through choosing suitable cleaner production processes based on the analysis of the planned
project construction and the statistics on the newly added pollution sources, pollutant types and pollutant discharge loads;
4. To predict the level and scope of environmental impact caused by the planned project construction and certify the feasibility of the pollution control measures and the acceptability of environmental risks based on simulation calculation;
5. To certify the planned project’s suitability with the industry policies and the compatibility with the local construction planning, the practicability of resources utilization and environmental feasibility, as well as the reasonability of the Plant location selection.
1.4 EIA Classification and Scope
1.4.1 Atmospheric Environmental Impact Assessment Classification and Scope
1. EIA Classification
According to HJ2.2-2008 “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Atmospheric Environment”, the classification of environmental impact assessment is based on the criteria listed in Table 1.4.1.
Table 1.4.1 Classification of Atmospheric Environmental Impact Assessment
EIA Levels EIA Classification Basis
Level I Pmax≥80%, D10%≥5km
Level II Other
Level III Pmax<10%, or D10%<Minimum distance from pollution source to Plant
boundary
Remarks
Pmax: Percentage of the maximum surface concentration of certain pollutant
D10%: Maximum distance of certain pollutant when the surface concentration
has reached the standard limit of 10%
The planned project’s source of waste gas pollution is mainly from the newly generated atmospheric pollutants from alkali recovery boiler, including NO2, SO2 and
PM10, and the calculation results of Pmax and D10% are shown in Table 1.4.2.
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Table 1.4.2 Calculation Results of Atmospheric Pollutants Pmax and D10%
Classification Basis Pollution Source
Pollution
Factor Pmax(%) D10%(m) EIA Levels
NO2 3.856 / Level III
SO2 1.545 / Level III
PM10 1.885 / Level III
Calculation parameters and items
3×220 t/h
Circulating Fluidized
Bed
Boiler chimney
Chimney height: 80m, inner diameter: 1.2m; flue gas emission:
31985m3/h, flue gas temperature: 105 , environmental temperature:
10.2 ; SO2 emission concentration: 150mg/Nm3, NOx emission
concentration: 200mg/Nm3, soot emission concentration: 165mg/Nm
3.
According to the technical rules and basis as specified in HJ2.2-2008 “Technical
Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Atmospheric Environment”, the planned project’s environmental impact assessment is classified as Level III.
2. EIA Scope
According to the Guideline, the scope of atmospheric environmental impact assessment should be defined based on the farthest distance from the pollution source, i.e., around the central point of the pollution source, draw a circle with the radius of
D10% or a rectangular with the length of 2×D10% but 5km. For the Project’s
atmospheric environmental impact assessment, the scope shall be a rectangular with the length of 5km centered around the alkali recovery boiler chimney.
1.4.2 Surface Water EIA Classification and Scope
1. EIA Classification
After the planned project construction is finished, the total volume of wastewater discharge from the Plant shall be 45511m
3/d, the wastewater shall be pumped into the
Plant’s oxidation pool if it meets the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for
Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), and then be filled into oxidation pond of enterprise. , then it shall be used for the Forest Base irrigation but not discharged to the environmental waters, therefore, qualitative analysis shall be conducted in the Project’s surface water environmental impact assessment, and the EIA is classified as Level III.
1.4.3 Ground Water EIA Classification and Scope
The existing project’s water supply is from the underground deep wells at the rate of 59696m
3/d, which shall be reduced to 49891m
3/d after the original production process
is phased out with the project construction is finished, simultaneously, the volume of water and pollutants discharge shall drop significantly, then the impacts on this area’s ground water shall be alleviated as well. The Project’s ground water status analysis is mainly the qualitative assessment on the environmental impacts of the ground water.
1.4.4 Acoustic EIA Classification and Scope
1. EIA Classification
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According to the “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustic Environment” (HJ2.4-2009), the acoustic function zones of the Project belongs to Type 2 zone specified in GB3096, within the boundary at a distance of 100m: Zhaojiashaofang in Shimiao Village, 45m from the western boundary (25 residents from 5 households”, Shimiao Village , 25m from the northern boundary (30
residents from 6 households), and Xiangjiazhuang in Jiaqu Village adjacent to the eastern boundary(100 residents from 20 households). The incremental noise in Shimiao Village, Zhaojiashaofang and Xiangjiazhuang is basically estimated at 0, however, the Project’s acoustic environment function zone belongs to Type 2 zone as specified in BG3096-2008, so the EIA is classified as Level II.
2. EIA Scope
The Plant boundary and the periphery within 200m shall be the scope for conducting acoustic environmental impact assessment.
1.4.5 Risk Assessment Classification and Scope
1. Risk Assessment Classification
The hazardous chemicals involved in the project construction mainly include sodium chlorate, methanol and chlorine dioxide. According to the “The Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Project” (HJ/T169-2004) and “Identification of Major Sources of Hazardous Chemicals” (GB18218-2009), the identification of maximum unit reserve and major sources of hazardous chemicals
with the demand for threshold values is shown in Table 1.4.3.
Table 1.4.3 Identification of Maximum Unit Reserve and Major Sources of Hazardous
Chemicals
Production Site (t) Storage Site (t)
Substance Process/Unit Actual
Volume
Threshold
Value
Actual
Volume
Threshold
Value
Chlorine
Dioxide
Chlorine Dioxide preparation
process, chemical storehouse 0.028 50 0.083 50
Sodium
Chlorate
Chlorine Dioxide preparation
process, chemical storehouse 0.044 100 6.3 100
Methanol Chlorine Dioxide preparation
process, chemical storehouse 0.002 500 0.32 500
The function unit where the hazardous chemicals are stored is non-major source of hazard, according to the “The Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Project” (HJ/T169-2004) and based on the Table 1.4.4,
the Project’s risk assessment is classified as Level II.
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Table 1.4.4 Classification of the Project’’’’s Environmental Risk Assessment
Extremely
Hazardous
Substance
Ordinarily
Hazardous
Substance
Inflammable
Substance
Explosive
Substance
Major source of
hazard
I II I I
Non-major
source of hazard
II II II I
Environmental
sensitive area
I I I I
2. Risk Assessment Scope
The periphery within 3km around the chlorine dioxide preparation room.
1.5 EIA Key Tasks and Factors
1.5.1 EIA Key Tasks
Based on the investigation on the construction of the existing production processes and the environmental status quo, the key tasks of the Project’s environmental impact assessment are defined as the analysis on the planned project construction, the certification of pollution control measures, the appraisal on the Project’s cleaner production, the control of aggregate pollutants emission, the prediction and assessment on atmospheric environmental impacts and the environmental risk assessment.
1.5.2 EIA Factors
The planned project’s environmental impact assessment factors are shown in Table 1.5.1.
Table 1.5.1 The Planned Project’’’’s Environmental Impact Assessment Factors
Items Assessment Factors of the Environmental Status Quo
Impact
Assessment
Factors
Aggregate
Control
Factors
Atmospheric
environment SO2, NO2, PM10, TSP, H2S, NH3
SO2, NO2,
PM10
SO2
NOx
Surface
water
environment
pH value, COD, DO, ammonia nitrogen, BOD5, SS,
volatile phenol, total phosphor, permanganate index,
oils, Cr6+
, total Hg, As, Cd, Pb, total cyanide, feces
coli group, salt concentration, sulfide, Cu, fluoride
COD,
ammonia
nitrogen
COD,
ammonia
nitrogen
Acoustic
environment equivalent and continuous Level A
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Items Assessment Factors of the Environmental Status Quo
Impact
Assessment
Factors
Aggregate
Control
Factors
Ground
water
pH value, COD, BOD5, dissolved oxygen, volatile
phenol, sulfate, total rigidity, ammonia nitrogen,
nitrate, nitrite, permanganate index, total coli group,
chloride, As, Hg, Cr6+
, soluble total solid, fluoride
1.6 Environmental Sensitive Points and Environmental Protection Targets
The Project’s environmental protection factors mainly include atmospheric environment, surface water environment and acoustic environment, the main targets of environmental protection are listed in Table 1.6.1 and Figure 1.6.1, and the location relationships of the Plant site and the wastewater pipelines and oxidation pool are illustrated in Figure 1.6.2.
Table 1.6.1 Main Environmental Sensitive Points Data Sheet
Environmental
Elements
Environmental
Protection
Targets
Location Distance
(m) Size
Environmental
Function
Rouyuan
Village WNW 520
653
households,
1959 persons
Residential area
Rouyuan
Township
Government
WNW 1010 45p Office area
Shaqu Village NW 1370 135h, 405p Residential area
Fanmiao
Primary School NE 1970 71p School
Shimiao
Primary School ENE 490 47p School
Jiaqu Village SW 290 698h, 2094p Residential area
Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao
Village)
W 45 6h, 30p Residential area
Shimiao Village N 25 691h, 2073p Residential area
Atmospheric
environment
Xiangjiazhuang
(Jiaqu Village) SE 0 20h, 100p Residential area
Surface water
environment Yellow River S 1500 -- Level III waters
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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Environmental
Elements
Environmental
Protection
Targets
Location Distance
(m) Size
Environmental
Function
Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao
Village)
W 45 6h, 30p Residential area
Shimiao Village N 25 691h, 2073p Residential area
Acoustic
environment
Xiangjiazhuang
(Jiaqu Village) SE 0 20h, 100p Residential area
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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陶陶陶陶 Project
Area
陶陶陶
陶陶陶
陶陶
陶陶
陶陶
陶陶陶
陶陶陶陶
陶陶陶陶 陶陶陶
陶陶陶
陶陶陶
陶
0 500m
Figure 1.6.1 Location Map of Sensitive Points
N
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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Figure 1.6.2 Relative Locations of the Project’’’’s Wastewater Pipelines, Fast Growing Forest and Oxidation Pool
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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1.7 EIA Standards
According to the “The Official Reply to the Application Standard of
Environmental Impact Assessment Concerning the Project of Extended Delignification Cooking and Cleaner Bleaching Technologies Reform for the Annual Production of 68,000 Tonnes of Wheat Straw Pulp by Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd” (WeiHuanHan [2011] 36) issued by Zhongwei Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, the following standards shall be followed in the Project EIA.
1.7.1 Environmental Quality Standards
1. Environmental air quality
The concentration limit of SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP shall be monitored according to Level II as specified in the “Standard for Environmental Air Quality” (GB3095-1996) and the “Notice on the Modification Sheet of ‘Environmental Air Quality Standard’” issued by SEPA (HuanFa [2000] 1); the concentration limit of
H2S and NH3 shall be monitored according to Table 1 of the “Sanitary Standard for Industrial Enterprise Design” (TJ36-79) on the maximum limit of allowed concentration of hazardous substance in the atmosphere in residential area.. See in Table 1.7.1.
Table 1.7.1 Standard for Environmental Air Quality Assessment Unit: mg/m3
Items Monitoring Period Concentration Limit Standard From
Annual average 0.06
Daily average 0.15 SO2
Hourly average 0.50
Annual average 0.08
Daily average 0.12 NO2
Hourly average 0.24
Annual average 0.10 PM10
Daily average 0.15
Annual average 0.20
Daily average 0.30 TSP
Long hours (24h) 2.0
GB3095-96
“Standard for
Environmental Air
Quality”, Level II
and the
Modification Sheet
H2S One-time maximum
concentration allowed 0.01
NH3 One-time maximum
concentration allowed 0.20
TJ36-79 “Sanitary
Standard for
Industrial Enterprise
Design”
2. Surface Water Environmental Quality
The monitoring of Yellow River water quality at the section of Zhongwei City shall follow Level III as specified in the “Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water” (GB3838-2002), see in Table 1.7.2.
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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Table 1.7.2 Standard for Surface Water Environmental Quality Assessment
Standard Value (mg/L) Items
Level III Level IV Standard From
PH -- 6 9
COD ≤ 20 30
DO ≥ 5 3
Ammonia nitrogen ≤ 1.0 1.5
BOD5 ≤ 4 6
Volatile phenol ≤ 0.005 0.01
Total phosphor ≤ 0.2 0.3
Permanganate
index ≤ 6 10
oils ≤ 0.05 0.5
Cr6+
≤ 0.05 0.05
Hg ≤ 0.0001 0.001
As ≤ 0.05 0.1
Cd ≤ 0.005 0.005
Pb ≤ 0.05 0.05
GB3838-2002
“Environmental
Quality Standard
for Surface
Water”
Total cyanide ≤ 0.2 0.2
Feces coli group ≤ 10000/L 20000/L
Sulfide ≤ 0.2 0.5
Cu ≤ 1.0 1.0
3. Ground Water Quality
The monitoring of the Project’s ground water quality shall follow Level III as specified in the “Standard for Ground Water Quality” (GB/T 14848-93), see in Table 1.7.3.
Table 1.7.3 Standard for Ground Water Quality
Standard Value (mg/L) Items Level III
Standard From
pH -- 6.5 8.5
Volatile phenol ≤ 0.002
Sulfate ≤ 250
Total rigidity (CaCO3) ≤ 450
Ammonia nitrogen ≤ 0.2
Nitrate (N) ≤ 20
Nitrite (N) ≤ 0.02
Permanganate index ≤ 3.0
Total coli group ≤ 3.0/L
Chloride ≤ 250
As ≤ 0.05
GB/T14848-93
“Standard for Ground Water
Quality”
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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Standard Value (mg/L) Items Level III
Standard From
Hg ≤ 0.001
Cr6+
≤ 0.05
Soluable total solid ≤ 1000
Fluoride ≤ 1.0
4. Acoustic Environmental Quality
The monitoring of the Project’s acoustic environmental quality shall follow Level II zone as specified in the “Standard for Acoustic Environmental Quality”
(GB3096-2008), see in Table 1.7.4.
Table 1.7.4 Standard for Acoustic Environmental Quality Unit: dB(A)
Acoustic Environment Day
Time
Night
Time Standard From
Level II 60 50 GB3096-2008 “Standard for Acoustic
Environmental Quality”
1.7.2 Standard for Pollutants Emission
1. Standard for Wastewater Discharge
The treated wastewater shall be pumped into the Plant’s oxidation pool for further treatment if it meets the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008). See Table 1.7.5 and Table 1.7.6.
Table 1.7.5 Standard for Wastewater Discharge
Production Category
Pulp
Making
Enterprise
Pulp &
Paper
Making
Enterprise
Paper
Making
Enterprise
Monitoring Location
of Pollutants
Discharge
1 pH value 6-9 6-9 6-9
2 Chroma
(dilution ratio) 50 50 50
3 SS (mg/L) 50 30 30
4 BOD5 (mg/L) 20 20 20
5 CODcr (mg/L) 100 90 80
6
Ammonia
nitrogen
(mg/L)
12 8 8
7 Total nitrogen
(mg/L) 15 12 12
Emission
Limit
8 Total phosphor
(mg/L) 0.8 0.8 0.8
Enterprise’s final
outlet of wastewater
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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9 AOX (mg/L) 12 12 12
10 Dioxin
(pgTEQ/L) 30 30 30
Outlet of wastewater
from the workshop or
production facility
Benchmark discharge of
wastewater per unit product (t/t
pulp)
50 40 20
Same unit for
measurement of
wastewater discharge
and monitoring of
pollutants emission
Note:
(1) Indices for AOX and dioxin are applicable for the process of chlorine bleaching;
(2) Calculation of pulp volume includes absolute dry pulp only;
(3) Calculation of actual volume of wastewater discharge per unit product for pulp & paper
making enterprise shall be based on the sum of pulp self produced and that purchased from
outside;
(4) In case the volume of pulp made from waste paper accounts for over 80% of the total volume
of pulp production, the benchmark discharge of wastewater per unit product shall be 20 t/t (pulp);
(5) In case the volume of bleached non-wood pulp accounts for over 60% of the total volume of
pulp production, the benchmark discharge of wastewater per unit product shall be 60 t/t (pulp).
Using the maximum allowed wastewater discharge per ton of air dry pulp produced as
indicated in the GB3544-2008, an initial comparison can be made between GB3544-2008
and EHS effluent guidelines, as is shown in Table 7a.
Table 1.7.6 Comparison between EHS effluent guidelines and GB3544-2008
(Table 2) discharge standards
Parameters Units GB3544-2008
Non-wood
World Bank EHS Guidelines Non-wood, Annex B-Table 1(l)
pH 6~9 6~9
color Times 50 /
TSS kg/Adt 1.62 2
BOD5 kg/Adt 1.08 2
CODcr kg/Adt 4.86 30
NH3-N kg/Adt 0.43 /
T-N kg/Adt 0.65 0.5
T-P kg/Adt 0.04 0.05
AOX-Workshop kg/Adt 0.65
Dioxin-Workshop TEQ ng/Adt 1.62
Wastewater discharge
t/Adt 54 50
It is noted that in the EHS Guidelines, cooling water and other clean water is not included,
while they are included in the GB3544-2008. The cooling water and other clean water is
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
21
actually recycled in the paper mill, resulting dischare only about 1-2m3/ADt, which will not
substantially change the quantity and quality of the total discharge. Therefore the basis for
the comparision is basically identifcal. The comparision shows the EHS effluent guidelines
non-wood pulping process does not have requirements on dioxins and AOX.
The results also show that generally the Chinese GB3544-2008 standards are more stringent
than the EHS effluent guidelines, except that the total nitrogen (TN) and discharge slightly
surpass the EHS guidelines. Mill-specific analysis on wastewater is presented in clean
production nand impact analysis chapters in this report.
2. Waste Gas Emission Concentration
The monitoring of flue gas discharged from the alkali recovery boiler shall follow Level II standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Industrial Boiler and Kiln” (GB9078-1996).see in Table 1.7.6. The monitoring of TSP emission at the Plant boundary shall follow the concentration limit for fugitive emission as listed in Table 2 of the “Standard for Comprehensive Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297-1996), and the monitoring of NH3 and H2S at the Plant boundary shall follow the “Standard for Stink Pollutants Emission”
(GB14554-93), see in Table 1.7.7.
Emission standard of World bank EHS, see in Table 1.7.9
Table 1.7.7 Standard for Pollutants Emission from Alkali Recovery Boiler
Pollution
Source Pollutants Unit
Standard
Value Standard From
Soot mg/Nm3 200 Flue gas
from
alkali
recovery
boiler
SO2 mg/Nm3 850
GB9078-1996 “Emission
Standard of Atmospheric
Pollutants for Industrial Boiler
and Kiln”, Level II
Dust or
particles
mg/Nm3
40
SO2 mg/Nm3 400
Boiler
flue gas
NOx mg/Nm3 450
The Standards for Atmospheric
Pollutants Discharge of Power
Plant (GB13223-2003) The 3rd
Period陶75t/h Boiler陶
Table 1.7.8 Standard Value for Fugitive Emission of Pollutants at Plant Boundary
Pollutant Unit Standard
Value Standard From
Ammonia mg/m3 1.5
Hydrogen
sulfide mg/m
3 0.06
GB14554-93 “Standard for Stink Pollutants
Emission”, Level II (new standard), fugitive emission
at Plant boundary
Particulate mg/m3 1.0
GB16297-1996 “Standard for Comprehensive
Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants”
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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3. Noise at Plant Boundary
The monitoring of noise at north Plant boundary shall follow Level standard as
specified in the “Standard for Emission of Environmental Noise at the Boundary of
Industrial Enterprise” (GB12348-2008), and the monitoring of noise shall follow Level II at other Plant boundary , see in Table 1.7.8.
Table 1.7.8 Standard for Emission of Environmental Noises at the Boundary of
Industrial Enterprise Unit: dB(A)
Type of Acoustic
Environment Function
Zone Outside Plant
Boundary
Daytime Nighttime Standard From
Level II 60 50
Level 70 55
GB12348-2008
“Standard for Emission of Environmental
Noise at the Boundary of Industrial Enterprise”
4. The monitoring of noise at Plant Boundary during construction period shall follow the regulations specified in the “Noise Limits for Construction Site” (GB12523-90), see Table 1.7.9.
Table 1.7.9 Noise Limits for Construction Site Unit: dB(A)
Noise Limits Construction
Stage Noise Sources
Daytime Nighttime Standard From
Earth &
stone
Bulldozer, excavator,
loader, etc. 75 55
Piling Various types of pile
drivers 85
Construction
banned
Structuring
Concrete blender,
vibrator, electric saw,
etc.
70 55
Decorating Crane, elevator, etc. 65 55
GB12523-90 “Noise
Limits for Construction
Site”
Mill-specific analysis on noise is presented in clean production nand impact
analysis chapters in this report.
5. The monitoring of solid discharge shall follow the “Standard for Pollution Control at the Storage and Disposal Site of General Industrial Solid
Waste”
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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2. Overview and Review of Existing Project and
Ongoing Project Construction
2.1 Project Overview
2.1.1Brief introduction
MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd is an enterprise with the business of pulp and paper making located at Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, it is one of the main paper manufacturers in Northwest producing various types of cultural paper.
The existing productivity of the company includes: annual production of 90,000 tonnes of bleached wheat straw pulp, 34,000 tonnes of deinked pulp and 30,000 tonnes of waste board pulp, all for self use; annual production of 250,000 tonnes of cultural paper, special paper and cardboard paper. The Plant is equipped with water supply and discharge pipelines and thermoelectricity boiler. The general situation of
the existing project and ongoing project construction, as well as the EIA examination results and the check and acceptance of the public utilities and ancillary works, is shown in Table 2.1.1.
2.1.2Project components
The existing project and ongoing project construction’s components are illustrated in Table 2.1.2.
2.1.3General Layout
The geographical positions of the Plant facilities are displayed in Figure 2.1.1, and the horizontal layout is illustrated in Figure 2.1.2.
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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Figure 2.1.1 Geographical Positions of the Plant Facilities
0 9陶陶
陶陶
陶陶陶
Project Location
0 9k
m
N
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Table 0.1 Data Sheet of the General Situation, EIA & Check and Acceptance Results of the Existing Project and Ongoing Project Construction
No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
1# Pulp
Making
Room
Bleached
wheat straw
pulp: 3.5
/ 10 Cooking Balls
(25m3)
Normal
production
Production started from
1987
2# Pulp
Making
Room
Bleached
wheat straw
pulp: 4.5
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
3×陶1250mm 3-
Tube Continuous
Evaporators
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
1
3 wheat straw
pulp
production
lines
3# Pulp
Making
Room
Bleached
wheat straw
pulp: 2.2
/ 12×25m
3 Cooking
Balls
Normal
production
Production started as of
2007
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
1 production
line of deinked
pulp
Deinked
Pulp
Making
Room
Deinked
pulp: 5.1
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1×15m3 Hydraulic
Pulper
Production
stopped
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
4# Paper
Machine
Room
Waste paper
pulp: 0.5 /
2×2m3 hydraulic
pulpers
Normal
production
Production started as of
1993
2 production
lines of waste
paper pulp 9# Paper
Machine
Room
Waste paper
pulp: 2.0
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1×15m3 Hydraulic
Pulper
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
1#
Copperplate
Paper
Machine
Room
Copperplate
paper: 3.0
December 2005, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2005]108)
1×1650 /600
Enamel Paper
Machine
Normal
production
April 2007, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanYan
[2007]15)
2
Paper
Production
Line
Special
Paper
Production
Line
Special
paper: 5.0
December 2009, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2009]185)
1×1720 /500
Enamel Paper
Machine
Under
construction /
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
28
No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
2640
Workshop
Digital
paper, anti-
sticking
intermediate
paper: 6.8
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
2 production lines of
2640 /550
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
13# Paper
Machine
Room
Copperplate
raw paper:
2.5
October 2006, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan [2006]88)
1 production line of
1760/300
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
March 2008, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanYan
[2008]23)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
12# Paper
Machine
Room
Offset paper,
writing
paper: 2.6
November 2004, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2004]126)
1 production line of
2640 /550
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
May 2006, Project
approved by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2006]25)
11# Paper
Machine
Room
Offset paper,
copperplate
raw paper:
3.0
December 2001, Project
EIA Outline approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2001]57)
2 production lines of
1760/330
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
10# Paper
Machine
Room
Offset paper,
writing
paper: 1.02
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1 production line of
1760 /240
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine, 1
production line of
1880/240
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
9# Paper
Machine
Room
Kraftliner
paper: 2.0
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1 production line of
2500 /80 Cylinder
Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
31
No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
8# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 1.2 /
1 production line of
1760/120
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1998
7# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 0.6 /
1 production line of
1575/60 Cylinder
Machine
Production
stopped
Production started as of
1987
6# Paper
Machine
Room
Electrostatic
duplicating
paper: 2.0
/
1 production line of
1760/350
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1996
5# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper,
colorful
offset paper:
1.0
/
1 production line of
1760/120
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1996
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32
No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
4# Paper
Machine
Room
Corrugated
paper: 0.8 /
1 production line of
1575/60 Cylinder
Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1993
3# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 0.62 /
2 production lines of
1575/40 Cylinder
Machine, 1
production line of
1575/80 short
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Production
stopped
Production started as of
1989
2# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 0.35 /
1 production line of
1575/80 Rectangular
Net Paper Machine
Production
stopped
Production started as of
1988
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33
No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
1# Paper
Machine
Room
Aluminum
foil
intermediate
paper: 2.0
/
2 production lines of
1575/120
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine, 1
production line of
1575/60 Cylinder
Machine
Production
stopped at
the
production
line of
1575/60
Cylinder
Machine
Production started as of
1987
3
Auxiliary
Thermoelectric
Boiler
1#, 2#, 3#
Boilers
Project
steam supply
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
3×75t/h Circulating
Fluidized Bed
Boilers
Normal
operation
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
4# Boiler Project
steam supply
April 2008, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanBiao
[2008]17)
1×75t/h Boiler Normal
operation
November 2009, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2009]23)
5# Boiler Project
steam supply
June 2010, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2010]132)
1×75t/h Boiler Under
construction /
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
35
No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
1# Alkali
Recovery
System
Black liquid
treatment,
thermal
energy and
alkali
recovery
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
Designed capacity of
black liquid
treatment at 150t/d
Normal
operation
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
4
Alkali
Recovery
System
2# Alkali
Recovery
System
Black liquid
treatment,
thermal
energy and
alkali
recovery
May 2003, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanHan [2003]80)
Designed capacity of
black liquid
treatment at 150t/d
Normal
operation /
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
36
No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
3# Alkali
Recovery
System
Black liquid
treatment,
thermal
energy and
alkali
recovery
December 2006, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2006]181)
Designed capacity of
black liquid
treatment at 150t/d
Normal
operation
March 2008, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2008]92)
5
Wastewater
Treatment
System
Wastewater treatment and
disposal inside the Plant
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
Wastewater
treatment capacity at
50,000m3/d
Normal
operation
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
6 Solid Waste
Landfill White sludge landfill
2004, Project Report
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Wuzhong City
White sludge
treatment capacity at
40,000t/a
Normal
operation
April 2004, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
37
No. Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal
Equipment Remarks
Check and Acceptance
Time
Wuzhong City
(HuanYan [2004]01)
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
1# Pulp
Making
Room
Bleached
wheat straw
pulp: 3.5
/ 10 Cooking Balls
(25m3)
Normal
production
Production started from
1987 1
3 wheat straw
pulp
production
lines
2# Pulp
Making
Room
Bleached
wheat straw
pulp: 4.5
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
3×陶1250mm 3-Tube
Continuous
Evaporators
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
38
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
3# Pulp
Making
Room
Bleached
wheat straw
pulp: 2.2
/ 12×25m3 Cooking
Balls
Normal
production
Production started as of
2007
1 production
line of deinked
pulp
Deinked
Pulp
Making
Room
Deinked
pulp: 5.1
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1×15m3 Hydraulic
Pulper
Production
stopped
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
2 production
lines of waste
paper pulp
4# Paper
Machine
Room
Waste paper
pulp: 0.5 /
2×2m3 hydraulic
pulpers
Normal
production
Production started as of
1993
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
39
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
9# Paper
Machine
Room
Waste paper
pulp: 2.0
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1×15m3 Hydraulic
Pulper
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
2
Paper
Production
Line
1#
Copperplate
Paper
Machine
Room
Copperplate
paper: 3.0
December 2005, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2005]108)
1×1650 /600 Enamel
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2007, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanYan [2007]15)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
40
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
Special
Paper
Production
Line
Special
paper: 5.0
December 2009, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2009]185)
1×1720 /500 Enamel
Paper Machine
Under
construction /
2640
Workshop
Digital
paper, anti-
sticking
intermediate
paper: 6.8
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
2 production lines of
2640 /550
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
41
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
13# Paper
Machine
Room
Copperplate
raw paper:
2.5
October 2006, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan [2006]88)
1 production line of
1760/300
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
March 2008, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanYan [2008]23)
12# Paper
Machine
Room
Offset
paper,
writing
paper: 2.6
November 2004, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2004]126)
1 production line of
2640 /550
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
May 2006, Project
approved by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan [2006]25)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
42
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
11# Paper
Machine
Room
Offset
paper,
copperplate
raw paper:
3.0
December 2001, Project
EIA Outline approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2001]57)
2 production lines of
1760/330
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
10# Paper
Machine
Room
Offset
paper,
writing
paper: 1.02
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1 production line of
1760 /240
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine, 1
production line of
1880/240
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
43
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
9# Paper
Machine
Room
Kraftliner
paper: 2.0
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1 production line of
2500 /80 Cylinder
Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
8# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 1.2 /
1 production line of
1760/120
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1998
7# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 0.6 /
1 production line of
1575/60 Cylinder
Machine
Production
stopped
Production started as of
1987
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
44
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
6# Paper
Machine
Room
Electrostatic
duplicating
paper: 2.0
/
1 production line of
1760/350
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1996
5# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper,
colorful
offset
paper: 1.0
/
1 production line of
1760/120
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1996
4# Paper
Machine
Room
Corrugated
paper: 0.8 /
1 production line of
1575/60 Cylinder
Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1993
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
45
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
3# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 0.62 /
2 production lines of
1575/40 Cylinder
Machine, 1
production line of
1575/80 short
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Production
stopped
Production started as of
1989
2# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 0.35 /
1 production line of
1575/80 Rectangular
Net Paper Machine
Production
stopped
Production started as of
1988
1# Paper
Machine
Room
Aluminum
foil
intermediate
paper: 2.0
/
2 production lines of
1575/120
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine, 1
production line of
1575/60 Cylinder
Machine
Production
stopped at
the
production
line of
1575/60
Cylinder
Machine
Production started as of
1987
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
46
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
1#, 2#, 3#
Boilers
Project
steam
supply
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
3×75t/h Circulating
Fluidized Bed Boilers
Normal
operation
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
3
Auxiliary
Thermoelectric
Boiler
4# Boiler
Project
steam
supply
April 2008, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanBiao
[2008]17)
1×75t/h Boiler Normal
operation
November 2009, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2009]23)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
47
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
5# Boiler
Project
steam
supply
June 2010, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2010]132)
1×75t/h Boiler Under
construction /
4
Alkali
Recovery
System
1# Alkali
Recovery
System
Black liquid
treatment,
thermal
energy and
alkali
recovery
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
Designed capacity of
black liquid treatment
at 150t/d
Normal
operation
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
48
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
2# Alkali
Recovery
System
Black liquid
treatment,
thermal
energy and
alkali
recovery
May 2003, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanHan
[2003]80)
Designed capacity of
black liquid treatment
at 150t/d
Normal
operation /
3# Alkali
Recovery
System
Black liquid
treatment,
thermal
energy and
alkali
recovery
December 2006, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2006]181)
Designed capacity of
black liquid treatment
at 150t/d
Normal
operation
March 2008, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan [2008]92)
5
Wastewater
Treatment
System
Wastewater treatment and
disposal inside the Plant
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
Wastewater treatment
capacity at
50,000m3/d
Normal
operation
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
49
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
6 Solid Waste
Landfill White sludge landfill
2004, Project Report
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Wuzhong City
White sludge
treatment capacity at
40,000t/a
Normal
operation
April 2004, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Wuzhong City
(HuanYan [2004]01)
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
1
3 wheat straw
pulp
production
1# Pulp
Making
Room
Bleached
wheat straw
pulp: 3.5
/ 10 Cooking Balls
(25m3)
Normal
production
Production started from
1987
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
50
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
2# Pulp
Making
Room
Bleached
wheat straw
pulp: 4.5
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
3×陶1250mm 3-Tube
Continuous
Evaporators
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
lines
3# Pulp
Making
Room
Bleached
wheat straw
pulp: 2.2
/ 12×25m3 Cooking
Balls
Normal
production
Production started as of
2007
1 production
line of deinked
pulp
Deinked
Pulp
Making
Room
Deinked
pulp: 5.1
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1×15m3 Hydraulic
Pulper
Production
stopped
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
51
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
4# Paper
Machine
Room
Waste paper
pulp: 0.5 /
2×2m3 hydraulic
pulpers
Normal
production
Production started as of
1993
2 production
lines of waste
paper pulp 9# Paper
Machine
Room
Waste paper
pulp: 2.0
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1×15m3 Hydraulic
Pulper
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
2
Paper
Production
Line
1#
Copperplate
Paper
Machine
Room
Copperplate
paper: 3.0
December 2005, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2005]108)
1×1650 /600 Enamel
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2007, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanYan [2007]15)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
52
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
Special
Paper
Production
Line
Special
paper: 5.0
December 2009, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2009]185)
1×1720 /500 Enamel
Paper Machine
Under
construction /
2640
Workshop
Digital
paper, anti-
sticking
intermediate
paper: 6.8
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
2 production lines of
2640 /550
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
53
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
13# Paper
Machine
Room
Copperplate
raw paper:
2.5
October 2006, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan [2006]88)
1 production line of
1760/300
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
March 2008, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanYan [2008]23)
12# Paper
Machine
Room
Offset
paper,
writing
paper: 2.6
November 2004, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2004]126)
1 production line of
2640 /550
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
May 2006, Project
approved by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan [2006]25)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
54
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
11# Paper
Machine
Room
Offset
paper,
copperplate
raw paper:
3.0
December 2001, Project
EIA Outline approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2001]57)
2 production lines of
1760/330
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
10# Paper
Machine
Room
Offset
paper,
writing
paper: 1.02
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1 production line of
1760 /240
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine, 1
production line of
1880/240
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
55
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
9# Paper
Machine
Room
Kraftliner
paper: 2.0
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
1 production line of
2500 /80 Cylinder
Machine
Normal
production
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
8# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 1.2 /
1 production line of
1760/120
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1998
7# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 0.6 /
1 production line of
1575/60 Cylinder
Machine
Production
stopped
Production started as of
1987
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
56
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
6# Paper
Machine
Room
Electrostatic
duplicating
paper: 2.0
/
1 production line of
1760/350
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1996
5# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper,
colorful
offset
paper: 1.0
/
1 production line of
1760/120
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1996
4# Paper
Machine
Room
Corrugated
paper: 0.8 /
1 production line of
1575/60 Cylinder
Machine
Normal
production
Production started as of
1993
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
57
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
3# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 0.62 /
2 production lines of
1575/40 Cylinder
Machine, 1
production line of
1575/80 short
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
Production
stopped
Production started as of
1989
2# Paper
Machine
Room
Writing
paper: 0.35 /
1 production line of
1575/80 Rectangular
Net Paper Machine
Production
stopped
Production started as of
1988
1# Paper
Machine
Room
Aluminum
foil
intermediate
paper: 2.0
/
2 production lines of
1575/120
Rectangular Net
Paper Machine, 1
production line of
1575/60 Cylinder
Machine
Production
stopped at
the
production
line of
1575/60
Cylinder
Machine
Production started as of
1987
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
58
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
1#, 2#, 3#
Boilers
Project
steam
supply
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
3×75t/h Circulating
Fluidized Bed Boilers
Normal
operation
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
3
Auxiliary
Thermoelectric
Boiler
4# Boiler
Project
steam
supply
April 2008, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanBiao
[2008]17)
1×75t/h Boiler Normal
operation
November 2009, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2009]23)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
59
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
5# Boiler
Project
steam
supply
June 2010, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2010]132)
1×75t/h Boiler Under
construction /
4
Alkali
Recovery
System
1# Alkali
Recovery
System
Black liquid
treatment,
thermal
energy and
alkali
recovery
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
Designed capacity of
black liquid treatment
at 150t/d
Normal
operation
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
60
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
2# Alkali
Recovery
System
Black liquid
treatment,
thermal
energy and
alkali
recovery
May 2003, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanHan
[2003]80)
Designed capacity of
black liquid treatment
at 150t/d
Normal
operation /
3# Alkali
Recovery
System
Black liquid
treatment,
thermal
energy and
alkali
recovery
December 2006, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan
[2006]181)
Designed capacity of
black liquid treatment
at 150t/d
Normal
operation
March 2008, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Zhongwei City
(WeiHuanHan [2008]92)
5
Wastewater
Treatment
System
Wastewater treatment and
disposal inside the Plant
May 2000, Project
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
(NingHuanFa [2000]049)
Wastewater treatment
capacity at
50,000m3/d
Normal
operation
April 2005, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
61
No.Production
Line Workshop
Designed
Productivity
(10,000t/a)
EIA Procedure Principal Equipment Remarks Check and Acceptance
Time
(NingHuanYan
[2005]02)
6 Solid Waste
Landfill White sludge landfill
2004, Project Report
approved by
Environmental Protection
Bureau of Wuzhong City
White sludge
treatment capacity at
40,000t/a
Normal
operation
April 2004, Project
checked and accepted by
Environmental
Protection Bureau of
Wuzhong City
(HuanYan [2004]01)
Contents of the Existing Project and Ongoing Project Construction
Item Production Unit Status
Quo Contents and Scale Remarks
Principal
Processes
1# Pulp Making
Room
Normal
production
Wheat straw is used as raw material to produce bleached wheat straw pulp by using
alkali method, processes include material preparation, cooking ball cooking,
extraction, screening, slag collection and chlorine bleaching; pulp to be sent to
Paper Machine Room
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Item Production Unit Status
Quo Contents and Scale Remarks
2# Pulp Making
Room
Normal
production
Wheat straw is used as raw material to produce bleached wheat straw pulp by using
alkali method, processes include material preparation, continuous cooking,
extraction, screening, slag collection and chlorine bleaching; pulp to be sent to
Paper Machine Room
3# Pulp Making
Room
Normal
production Completely same with the processes of 1# Pulp Making Room
Deinked Paper
Machine Room
Production
stopped
Waste writing paper is used as raw material for producing deinked and bleached
pulp with higher degree of whiteness, cleaness and mechanical strength that is
suitable for making high-quality writing paper, printing paper and enamel paper,
and the processes include material preparation, shredding, screening, slag
collection, thermal dispersing, flotation deinking, concentration washing and
bleaching
Production Line
of Waste Board
Pulp
Normal
production
Waste board pulp production line is equipped in the existing project and 4# and 9#
Paper Machine Rooms, including shredding, dispersing, squeezing, screening and
purification; pulp to be sent to 4# and 9# Board Paper Machine Rooms
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Item Production Unit Status
Quo Contents and Scale Remarks
Paper Machine
Room /
After artificial cutting of the iron wire to unpack the purchased needlebush pulp
board or hardwoods pulp board, the board is transferred by a chain belt to the
hydraulic pulper, after which the pulped pulp will go through slag removal by a
high-concentration Slag Remover, it will then be mixed with the self-produced
wheat straw pulp and be defibrinated by a cone-shaped fiberizer; the pulp is then
sent to the Paper Machine Room’s pulp preparation system to go through pulping,
mixing, adding and then screening, grinding, drying, coating, pressing and rolling,
then be cut into finished product
Production
stopped at the
Cylinder
Machine of 1#
Paper Machine
Room, so at 2#,
3# and 7# Paper
Machine
Rooms
Alkali Recovery
System
3 sets of alkali recovery systems, each with the capacity of black liquid treatment at 150t/d. Alkali recovery system mainly includes evaporation, combustion and causticization processes
for recycling of thermal energy and chemical substances; the Evaporation Unit is the process of countercurrent evaporation of 10% black liquid of wheat straw pulp from the extraction unit of the pulp making system to increase the concentration to 48%; the black liquid from the Evaporation Unit will first be filled into the condensed black liquid tank, then be pumped into the black liquid heater and rotary plate evaporator, the 48% black liquid generated is fed into the boiler for combustion, and the rest black liquid is sent back through the pipe to the black liquid tank; continuous causticizing process is adopted at the Causticization Unit, the white sludge generated after causticization is finally transported to the stockpile for storage
/
Auxiliary
Processes
Chemicals
Storehouse
5 liquid chlorine storehouses, steel tanks each with the capacity of storing 1.5m3 liquid chlorine under the
pressure of 1.0Mpa; 3 alkali liquid tanks installed around the Pulp Making Room for storing 120t alkali liquid,
respective capacity at 70m3, 35m
3 and 90m
3
/
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Item Production Unit Status
Quo Contents and Scale Remarks
Thermoelectric
Boiler Room
4×75t/h circulating fluidized bed boilers and 3×12MW extraction units, 3-field electrostatic dust collector is
used for flue gas dust removal and limestone is added for desulphurization; according to the examination for
acceptance, the efficiency of desulphurization is about 75%, and the efficiency of dust collection is over 98%;
the emission of flue gas and SO2 has met the phase III requirement as specified in the “Emission Standard of
Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant” (GB13271-2001)
/
Public
Utilities
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
The existing project’s wastewater treatment process includes primary sedimentation Tank + adjustment Tank
+ separation Tank + aeration Tank + secondary sedimentation Tank + coagulating sedimentation, the treated
wastewater shall meet the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2001) and be
pumped into the Oxidation Pool.
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Table 0.2 Data Sheet of the Plant Productivity (Products)
No. Products Unit Productivity
1 Bleached wheat
straw pulp t/a 89239
2 Deinked pulp t/a 34000
3 Waste board pulp t/a 25000
4 Cultural paper t/a 217395
5 Aluminum foil
intermediate paper t/a 8902
6 Boxboard paper t/a 33350
Table Data Sheet of the Plant Productivity (Production Units)
No. Production
Line Workshop Actual Productivity (t/a)
1# Pulp Making
Room 25892
2# Pulp Making
Room 44703
3# Pulp Making Room 18644
3 production
lines of wheat
straw pulp
Subtotal 89239
1 production
line of deinked
pulp
Deinked Pulp
Making Room 34000
4# Paper Machine
Room Waste paper pulp: 0.5
Pulp
making
productivity
2 production
lines of waste
paper pulp 9# Paper Machine
Room Waste paper pulp: 2.0
1# Cooperplate Paper
Machine Room 20000
2640 Room 56972
Paper
making
productivity
Paper
production
lines
13# Paper Machine
Room 13520
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12# Paper Machine
Room 27200
11# Paper Machine
Room 29070
10# Paper Machine
Room 18556
9# Paper Machine
Room 24163
8# Paper Machine
Room 11993
7# Paper Machine
Room /
6# Paper Machine
Room 21914
5# Paper Machine
Room 8983
4# Paper Machine
Room 9187
3# Paper Machine
Room /
2# Paper Machine
Room /
1# Paper Machine
Room 8902
2.1.4Consumption of main raw and auxiliary materials
The consumption of raw and auxiliary materials by each workshop is shown in Table 0.3Table 0.3.
Table 0.3 Existing Project’s Consumption of Main Raw and Auxiliary Materials
I. Pulp Making Room
Annual Consumption No. Product
Unit Volume Remarks
1 Wheat straw t 258800 /
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2 Alkali t 11646 /
3 Liquid chlorine t 8620 /
4 Lime t 8386 /
II. Paper Machine Room
5 Purchased bleached
needlebush pulp
t 22470 Air dried
6 Purchased bleached
hardwoods pulp
t 5530 Air dried
7 Purchased bleached reed
pulp
t 12610 Air dried
8 Purchased bleached
bamboo pulp
t 10030 Air dried
9 Calcium carbonate t 63755 /
10 Cation starch t 500 /
11 Brightener t 230 /
III. Public Utilities
12 Heavy oil t 310 /
13 Coal t 391740 /
14 Aluminum chloride
polymer
t 410 /
2.1.5 Data Sheet of Main Production Equipments
The parameters for the main equipments of the Company’s production lines are listed in Table 2.1.5.
Table 0.5 Data Sheet of Main Production Equipments
1# Pulp Making Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 1# Straw Cutter /三 3 Coarse Pulp Room
2 1# Cavel Dust
Collector / 3 Coarse Pulp Room
3 1# Straw Cutter /三 3 Coarse Pulp Room
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4 1# Loader /三 3 Coarse Pulp Room
5 Cooking Ball 25m3三 10 Coarse Pulp Room
6 Cone-bottom Sprayer /三 1 Coarse Pulp Room
7 Flat-bottom Sprayer /三 1 Coarse Pulp Room
8 Single Helix Pulp
Squeezer / 1 Coarse Pulp Room
9 Drum-shaped
Vacuum Washer ZXIV-70m3 4 3-Stage Bleaching Room
10 Self-cleaning
Vibration Flat Screen ZSK-2m2 3 3-Stage Bleaching Room
11 Pulp Squeezer /三 1 3-Stage Bleaching Room
12 Cylinder Condenser 14m
2
4 Single-Phase Bleaching
Room
13 Cylinder Condenser 10m
2
1 Single-Phase Bleaching
Room
14 Horizontal Belt
Washer 18m2
2 Single-Phase Bleaching
Room
15 Horizontal Belt
Washer 18m2
1 3-Stage Bleaching Room
16 Chlorination Tower 86m3 1 3-Stage Bleaching Room
17 Alkalization Tower 63m3 1 3-Stage Bleaching Room
18 Bleaching Tower 150m3 1 3-Stage Bleaching Room
2# Pulp Making Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter / 1
Continuous Cooking
Room
2 Flat-bottom
Sprayer / 1
Continuous Cooking
Room
3 Helix Feeder / 1 Continuous Cooking
Room
4 Cooking Tube 陶1250 3 Continuous Cooking
Room
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5 Paper Cutter / 5 Continuous Cooking
Room
6 Micropore
Pressure Filter ZSF0.5m
2 1
4-series Bleaching
Room
7 Drum-shape
Vacuum Washer ZXIV-70m
2 4
4-series Bleaching
Room
8
Self-cleaning
Vibration Flat
Screen
ZSK-2m3 4 4-series Bleaching
Room
9 Drum-shape
Vacuum Washer ZXIV-50m
2 4
4-series Bleaching
Room
10 Cylinder
Condenser 50-75T/d 2
4-series Bleaching
Room
11 Centrifugal Screen ZSK3-1.6m2 2
4-series Bleaching
Room
12 Alkalization Tower ZPT17A 1 4-series Bleaching
Room
13 Chlorination
Tower ZPT7A 1
4-series Bleaching
Room
14 Centrifugal Screen ZSL-2.4m2 2
4-series Bleaching
Room
3# Pulp Making Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Paper Cutter ZCQ4 2 2#Coarse Pulp Room
2 Helix Pre-extractor / 6 2#Coarse Pulp Room
3 Loader / 6 2#Coarse Pulp Room
4 Cooking Ball 25m3 6 2#Coarse Pulp Room
5 Sprayer 90m3 2 2#Coarse Pulp Room
6 Single Helix Pulp
Squeezer / 1 2#Coarse Pulp Room
7 Vibration Flat 1.8m2 1 2#Coarse Pulp Room
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Screen
8 Cylinder
Condenser 14m
2 1 2#Coarse Pulp Room
9 Cylinder
Condenser 14m2
2 New 3-Stage
Bleaching Room
10
Up-flow
Chlorination
Tower 陶3200 H=21m
1 New 3-Stage
Bleaching Room
11 Drum-shape
Vacuum Washer 20m2
4 New 3-Stage
Bleaching Room
12
Down-flow
Chlorination
Tower 陶3600 H=7.8m
1 New 3-Stage
Bleaching Room
13 Alkali Liquid
Dilution Tank 4000*1500*4000 4
New 3-Stage
Bleaching Room
14 Down-flow
Bleaching Tower 陶3600 H=7.8m 1
New 3-Stage
Bleaching Room
Deinked Pulp Making Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Secondary
Flotation Screen / 1
Deinked Pulp Making
Room
2 Pulp Storage
Tower ZPT27A 1
Deinked Pulp Making
Room
3 Diluted White
Water Tank 30m
3 1
Deinked Pulp Making
Room
4 Vibration Screen SRK-4 1 Deinked Pulp Making
Room
5 300 Pressure
Screen 99-UV-300-8242 1
Deinked Pulp Making
Room
6 500 Pressure
Screen 99-UV-500-8243 1
Deinked Pulp Making
Room
7 Concentration Slag LC-20 1 Deinked Pulp Making
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Remover Room
8 5A Flotation Cell 5A-800 1 Deinked Pulp Making
Room
9 High-speed
Washer ZJX-300 1
Deinked Pulp Making
Room
10 Wastepaper
Deinking Machine FTV-650 1
Deinked Pulp Making
Room
1# Copperplate Paper Production Line
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Super Calender 1650MM 1 Copperplate Paper
Machine Room
2 Coating Machine 1650MM 1 Copperplate Paper
Machine Room
3 Paper Cutter 1650MM 1 Copperplate Paper
Machine Room
4 Centrifugal Fan 4-72-5A 2 Copperplate Paper
Machine Room
5 Grinder MB-500 2 Copperplate Paper
Machine Room
6 Vibration Screen XZSP1200 4 Copperplate Paper
Machine Room
2640 Workshop
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 2640 Rectangular
Paper Machine 2640MM 2 2640 Workshop
2 Pressure Screen HB3 2 2640 Workshop
3 Pressure Screen F0 2 2640 Workshop
4 Pulper 5m3 6 2640 Workshop
5 Pulper ZDS23 2 2640 Workshop
6 Coating Machine HSM 2 2640 Workshop
7 Soft Calender 2640MM 2 2640 Workshop
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8 Cylinder
Condenser 5m
2 1 2640 Workshop
9 Cylinder
Condenser 20m
2 1 2640 Workshop
10 Plate Grinder 陶600 1 2640 Workshop
11 Plate Grinder DD-20 10 2640 Workshop
12 High-speed Paper
Cutter GW*S-2640W 2 2640 Workshop
13# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Slag Remover NHS-2-8 1 13# Paper Machine
Room
2 Paper Cutter ZWE140-1760 1 13# Paper Machine
Room
3 Pulper ZDS2m2 1
13# Paper Machine
Room
4 Pulper ZDS-5m2 1
13# Paper Machine
Room
5
Rectangular Net
Multi-tank Paper
Machine
ZL76A-1760/300 1 13# Paper Machine
Room
6 Double-plate
Grinder zdp-450p 7
13# Paper Machine
Room
12# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1
Rectangular Net
Multi-tank Paper
Machine
2640 1 12# Paper Machine
Room
2 Coating Machine 2640 1 12# Paper Machine
Room
3 Double-Roller
Calender 2640 1
12# Paper Machine
Room
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4 Horizontal
Cylinder Winder 2640 1
12# Paper Machine
Room
5 Underfeed Re-
reeler 2640 1
12# Paper Machine
Room
6 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter 5m
3 4
12# Paper Machine
Room
7 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter 2m
3 1
12# Paper Machine
Room
8 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter 15m
3 1
12# Paper Machine
Room
11# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1
Rectangular Net
Multi-tank Paper
Machine
1760MM/350MM 2 11# Paper Machine
Room
2 Door-Roller
Coating Machine 1760MM/350MM 1
11# Paper Machine
Room
3 Door-Roller
Coating Machine 1760MM/350MM 1
11# Paper Machine
Room
4 4-Roller Aerated
Calender NHC02A 2
11# Paper Machine
Room
5 Paper Winder 1760MM/350MM 1 11# Paper Machine
Room
6 Paper Winder 1760MM/351MM 1 11# Paper Machine
Room
7 Double-blade
Paper Cutter ZWQ15A 2
11# Paper Machine
Room
8 Re-reeler ZWJX 2 11# Paper Machine
Room
9 Double-plate
Grinder 陶450 12
11# Paper Machine
Room
10 Double-plate 陶550 4 11# Paper Machine
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Grinder Room
10# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 1760 Paper
Machine 1760MM 1
10# Paper Machine
Room
2 1760 Paper Sizer 1760MM 1 10# Paper Machine
Room
3 4-Roller Calender NHC 1 10# Paper Machine
Room
4 Paper Winder 1760MM 1 10# Paper Machine
Room
5 1880 Paper
Machine 1880MM 1
10# Paper Machine
Room
6 Paper Sizer 1880MM 1 10# Paper Machine
Room
7 Calender ZYBO3 1 10# Paper Machine
Room
8 Paper Winder SQL1880MM 1 10# Paper Machine
Room
9 Double-blade
Paper Cutter ZWQ14A 1
10# Paper Machine
Room
10 Paper Cutter ZWQ1880 1 10# Paper Machine
Room
9# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Paper Machine 2500MM 1 9# Paper Machine
Room
2 Calender ZYQC-F25PS 1 9# Paper Machine
Room
3 Paper Winder 2500 1 9# Paper Machine
Room
4 Re-reeler ZWJ 1 9# Paper Machine
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Room
5 Air Compressor VF-6/7 3 9# Paper Machine
Room
6 Double-plate
Grinder
陶550 2 9# Paper Machine
Room
7 Double-plate
Grinder
陶450 5 9# Paper Machine
Room
8 Pulp Refiner XZZ21 1 9# Paper Machine
Room
9 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter
2m3 2 9# Paper Machine
Room
8# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Rectangular Net
Paper Machine 1760MM 1
8# Paper Machine
Room
2 Calender / 1 8# Paper Machine
Room
3 Paper Winder / 1 8# Paper Machine
Room
4 Cylinder
Condenser ENW2 1
8# Paper Machine
Room
5 Double-plate
Grinder ZDP11XZ 5
8# Paper Machine
Room
7# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Paper Machine
1575mm 1
7# Paper Machine
Room
2 Calender (4-
Roller) 1575mm
1
7# Paper Machine
Room
3 Paper Winder
1575mm 1
7# Paper Machine
Room
4 1# Pulper 1m3 1 7# Paper Machine
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Room
5 Paper Cutter 1575mm 1 7# Paper Machine
Room
6 Paper Winder 1575mm 2 7# Paper Machine
Room
6# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter ZDS3-5m
3 2
6# Paper Machine
Room
2 Cylinder
Condenser ZNW3-8m
2 1
6# Paper Machine
Room
3 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter 2m
3 2
6# Paper Machine
Room
4 Pressure Screen ZSB54陶陶800 1 6# Paper Machine
Room
5 Paper Machine 1760MM 1 6# Paper Machine
Room
6 6-Roller Calender ZY1X1 1 6# Paper Machine
Room
7 Paper Winder 1760MM 1 6# Paper Machine
Room
8 Paper Cutter 1900mm 1 6# Paper Machine
Room
5# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter ZSD1-1m
3 1
5# Paper Machine
Room
2
Double-function
High-Effect Pulp
Grinder
ZDLC3-30 1 5# Paper Machine
Room
3 1760 Paper
Machine 1760MM 1
5# Paper Machine
Room
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4 Cylinder
Condenser ZNW3.5m
2 1
5# Paper Machine
Room
5 Paper Sizer 1760MM 1 5# Paper Machine
Room
6 Double-blade
Paper Cutter ZWQ3-1760MM 1
5# Paper Machine
Room
7 Re-reeler ZWJ1-1760 1 5# Paper Machine
Room
4# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1
Cylinder Multi-
tank Paper
Machine
1600mm 1 4# Paper Machine
Room
2 Re-reeler ZWJ1575 1 4# Paper Machine
Room
3 Vertical Hydraulic
Paper Cutter 2m
3 2
4# Paper Machine
Room
4 Cylinder
Condenser / 1
4# Paper Machine
Room
5 Paper Sizer 1760 1 4# Paper Machine
Room
3# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Paper Machine 1575MM 2 3# Paper Machine
Room
2 Single-blade Paper
Cutter ZWQ3-1760MM 1
3# Paper Machine
Room
3 High-Effect Pulp
Grinder ZDL -30N 1
3# Paper Machine
Room
4 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter 1m
3 1
3# Paper Machine
Room
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2# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 3# Paper Machine 1575mm 1 2# Paper Machine
Room
2 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter 2m
3 1
2# Paper Machine
Room
3 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter 1m
3 1
2# Paper Machine
Room
4 Semi-wet Calender 1 2# Paper Machine
Room
5 5-Roller Calender ZY3-Y 1 2# Paper Machine
Room
6 Paper Winder 1 2# Paper Machine
Room
7 Paper Cutter ZWQ3 1 2# Paper Machine
Room
1# Paper Machine Room
No. Equipment Model Quantity Location
1 Paper Machine 1575MM 2 1# Paper Machine
Room
2 Single-blade Paper
Cutter 1575MM 1
1# Paper Machine
Room
3 Cylinder Machine 1575MM 1 1# Paper Machine
Room
4 Single-blade Paper
Cutter 1575 MM 2
1# Paper Machine
Room
5 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter 5m
3 1
1# Paper Machine
Room
6 Hydraulic Paper
Cutter 10m
3 1
1# Paper Machine
Room
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2.2 Project Analysis
2.2.1Main Project Analysis
2.2.1.1Pulp Making System
1. 1# Pulp Making Room
1# Pulp Making Room was built in 1987, which has developed into a system of
10×25m3 cooking balls with the annual capacity of producing 35,000 tonnes of pulp.
In 2005, it was required by SEPA in the “Official Reply to the Environmental Impact Report by Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Concerning the Forestry-Paper Integration Project” (HuanShen [2005] 863): 1# Pulp Production Line must be shut down before the commissioning of the Forestry-Paper integration Project. The trial
commissioning of the Forestry-Paper Integration Project was started in May 2008 when the construction of Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Park was finished, but the designed scale was limited to an annual production of 100,000 tonnes of aspen bleached chemi-mechanical pulp, much lower than the approved scale of 300,000t/a proposed in EIA Report, so the Company applied for suspension in shutting down the production line, which has been agreed by Zhongwei Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau in February 2008 in the “Official Reply Concerning the Letter by MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Applying for Suspension of the Shutting Down of the Production Line of Wheat Straw Pulp Cooking Ball of MCC Meili Paper
Industry”: “The shutting down of the wheat straw pulp production line of MCC Meili Paper Industry shall be suspended based on the strengthening of supervision for up-to-standard emission, and the production line of wheat straw pulp cooking ball shall be shut down immediately after the substitution by wood pulp production upon the overall construction of 300,000t/a productivity of aspen bleached chemi-mechanical pulp has been finished as planned in the Forestry-Paper Integration Project.”
Wheat straw is used as the raw material in the production line of 1# Pulp Making Room, where bleached wheat straw pulp is produced after the processes of material preparation, cooking, extraction, screening, slag removal and chlorine bleaching and then be sent to the Paper Machine Room.
The wheat straw is transferred by the belt into the Paper Cutter where the wheat straw is cut short and fed into the Cavel (double cone) Dust Collector for dust removal, after which the straw bits shall be piled in the storehouse for comprehensive use. Then the straw is fed into the pre-extractor for external extraction, and the straw and cooking liquid is loaded into the boiler through the mechanical work of the loader. The existing process includes twice loading: 70% of the solution is cooked after the first loading and 30% to be cooked after the second loading. After the second loading, the boiler shall be sealed for 30min racing and then high temperature cooking and the cooked liquid is sprayed into the 3-Stage bleaching workshop for extraction. The
extracted black liquid is sent to the alkali recovery room, and the pulp left after the extraction process is sent to the fine pulp unit to go through the 3-Stage bleaching process and then vibration screening and centrifugal screening and then purification by the Slag Remover, after which the slag is sent to the storehouse for comprehensive use. After Cylinder washing, the pulp is bumped into the bleaching process for chlorination, alkali treatment and additional bleaching, then be sent to the paper making system for paper making.
The specific process and pollutants discharge points involved in 1# Pulp Making
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Room are illustrated in Figure 2.2.1.
2. 2# Pulp Making Room
2# Pulp Making Room was built in 2001 with an annual capacity of producing 45,000
tonnes of pulp. The process of material preparation is similar to that in 1# Pulp Making System, the wheat straw is transferred by the belt into the Paper Cutter where the wheat straw is cut short and fed into the Cavel (double cone) Dust Collector for dust removal and then be sent to the hydraulic Paper Cutter for shredding and washing, the washed straw is pumped into the inclined helix dehydrator for dehydration and then be filled into the drum meter to be weighed and the extra straw is sent back to the waterpower Paper Cutter. The weighed straw, softened after pre-
steaming to 80 , is fed by the helix feeder into the continuous digester for cooking,
with the addition of cooking liquid and steam. The cooked pulp is sprayed into the 4-
series bleaching workshop for extraction. The extracted black liquid is sent to the alkali recovery room, and the pulp left after the extraction process is sent to the fine pulp unit to go through the 3-Stage bleaching process and then vibration screening and centrifugal screening and then 3-Stage first level purification by the Slag Remover, after which the slag is sent to the storehouse for comprehensive use. The purified pulp is bumped into the bleaching process for chlorination, alkali treatment and additional bleaching, then be sent to the paper making system for paper making.
The specific process and pollutants discharge points involved in 2# Pulp Making Room are illustrated in Figure 2.2.2.
3. 3# Pulp Making Room
3# Pulp Making Room was built in 2007, which has developed into a system of
12×25m3 cooking balls with the annual capacity of producing 22,000 tonnes of
bleached wheat straw pulp. The process of material preparation is similar to that in 1# Pulp Making System, the straw after dust removal is presoaked and softened by steam and solution and then fed into the cooking balls for cooking, after which be sprayed into the boiler, then into the coating spreading machine and the Single Helix Pulp Squeezer for over 40% extraction. After the separation of pulp from black liquid, the pulp shall go through the new 3-Stage bleaching process, and the roughly cooked black liquid shall be sent to the new 3-Stage bleaching room for extraction by 2 sets of vacuum washers, and the extracted pulp shall go through the new 3-Stage bleaching process and vibration screening and centrifugal screening, then purification by the Slag Remover, after which the slag is sent to the storehouse for comprehensive use. The purified pulp is bumped into the bleaching process for chlorination, alkali treatment and additional bleaching, then be sent to the paper making system for paper making.
The specific process and pollutants discharge points involved in 3# Pulp Making
Room are illustrated in Figure 2.2.3.
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Figure 2.2.1 Production Processes and Pollution Points in 1# Pulp Making System
Noise & Dust Belt Transport Solution Steam
Waste Gas & Noise Coarse Pulp Black Liquid
Pulp Slag Wastewater & Noise
Chlorine Gas Wastewater Wastewater & Noise
Wheat Straw
Straw Cutter
Cook Ball
Sprayer
1-4# Vacuum Pulp Washer Evaporation Unit
(Alkali Recovery)
Horizontal-Belt Pulp
Vibration Screen + 3-
Stage Centrifugal
Bleaching Tower
4-5# Vacuum Pulp Washer
Pulp Storage Tower
Paper Machine Room
Reuse at Paper
Machine Room
1-3# Vacuum Pulp Washer
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Figure 2.2.2 Production Processes and Pollution Points in 2# Pulp Making System
Noise & Dust Sludge Wastewater Slag
Belt Transport Solution Steam Waste Gas & Noise Coarse Pulp
Black Liquid Pulp Slag
Chlorine Gas Wastewater Wastewater & Noise
Finished Pulp
Wheat Straw
Straw Cutter
Hydraulic Shredder
Helix Dehydrator
Continuous Cooking Ball
Sprayer
Evaporation Unit
(Alkali Recovery) 1-4# Pulp Washer
Horizontal-Belt Pulp Washer
Vibration Screen + 3-Stage
Centrifugal Screening
Bleaching Tower
1-4# Vacuum Pulp Washer
Pulp Storage Tower
Paper Machine Room
Reuse at Paper
Machine Room
Circulation Water
Tank
Double-Direction
Flow Rotary Screen
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Figure 2.2.3 Production Processes and Pollution Points in 3# Pulp Making System
Noise & Dust Belt Transport Solution Steam
Waste Gas & Noise Coarse Pulp Black Liquid
Pulp Slag Wastewater & Noise
Chlorine Gas Wastewater Wastewater & Noise
Wheat Straw
Straw Cutter
Cook Ball
Sprayer
1-2# Vacuum Pulp Washer Evaporation Unit
(Alkali Recovery)
Horizontal-Belt Pulp Washer
Vibration Screen + 3-Stage
Centrifugal Screening
Bleaching Tower
3-4# Vacuum Pulp Washer
Pulp Storage Tower
Paper Machine Room
Reuse at Paper
Machine Room
1-2# Vacuum Pulp Washer
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4. Deinked Pulp Making Room
The deinked pulp production line was built in 2001 with the productivity designed as 51,000t/a, but the facility has been in the state of half-production due to the shortage
of raw materials. Waste paper is used as the raw material for producing deinked and bleached pulp with higher degree of whiteness, cleaness and mechanical strength that is suitable for making high-quality writing paper, printing paper and enamel paper, and the processes include material preparation, shredding, screening, slag collection, thermal dispersing, flotation deinking, concentration washing and bleaching.
The specific process and pollutants discharge points involved in Deinked Pulp Making Room are illustrated in Figure 2.2.4.
5 Production Line of Waste Board Pulp
The production line of waste board pulp is equipped in the existing project and 4# and
9# Paper Machine Rooms, including the processes of shredding, slag collection, thermal dispersing, screening and purification. The discharge of pollutants mainly includes sand from the sand tank, slag from the pressure screen, wastewater from the Pulp Squeezer and noise from equipment operation.
The specific process and pollutants discharge points involved in Waste Board Pulp Making Room are illustrated in Figure 2.2.5.
2.2.1.2Paper Making System
The Plant is equipped with 16 Paper Machine Rooms, in which the 50,000t/a special
paper production line is under construction, 2#, 3# and 7# Rooms plus one 1575 Cylinder Machine in 1# Room are defunctioned. Except for 1# copperplate paper production line is mainly for producing copper base paper, the rest paper making system has a similar production process.
Based on different requirements for products in each Paper Machine Room, the raw materials include purchased needlebush pulp, purchased reed pulp, purchased hardwoods pulp and self-made wheat straw pulp, each mixed with different proportions with the additional equipment of broke paper processing system.
After artificial cutting of the iron wire to unpack the purchased needlebush pulp board
or hardwoods pulp board, the board is transferred by a chain belt to the hydraulic pulper, after which the pulped pulp will go through slag removal by a High-Concentration Slag Remover and defibrination by a cone-shaped fiberizer. The pulp is then sent to the Paper Machine Room’s pulp preparation system to go through pulping, mixing, adding and then screening, grinding, drying, coating, pressing and rolling, then be cut into finished product. The Paper Machine Room is equipped with broke paper processing system, where the broke paper is filled into the tank and then the hydraulic pulper, the pulp is then sent to the pulp preparation system of the Paper Machine Room.
The specific process and pollutants discharge points involved in Paper Machine Room
are illustrated in Figure 2.2.6.
The white water generated in the Paper Machine Room is sent to the white water recovery room and then be used in the pulp preparation room; the thick white water is discharged to the wastewater treatment system, the white water recovery process is illustrated in Figure 2.2.7.
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Solution Steam Pulp Slag
Pulp Slag Coarse Pulp Pulp Slag Deinked Sludge
Pulp Slag
Wastewater Solution Steam
Wastepaper
Hydraulic Pulper
High-Concentration Slag Remover
Pressure Screen
2-Stage Low-Concentration
Slag Remover
Flotation Selection Tank
3-Stage Low-Concentration
Slag Remover
Pulp Squeezer
Helix Conveyor
Pulp Storage Tower
Paper Machine Room
High-Speed Pulp Washer
Heat Disperser
Chlorination Bleaching Tower
DNT Pulp Washer
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Figure 2.2.4 Production Processes and Pollution Points in Deinked Pulp Making System
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Figure 2.2.5 Production Processes and Pollution Points in Waste Board Pulp Making System
Sand Pulp Slag
Wastewater
Wastewater
Pulp Slag
Wastepaper
Hydraulic Pulper
Sand Sedimentation Tank
Double-Cone High-Concentration
Slag Remover
Dual-Purpose Fiber Separator
High-Concentration Pressure
Screen
Slant Helix
Heat Disperser
Turnover Pulp Tank
Pulp Squeezer
High-Concentration Slag Remover
Storage Tank
Boxboard Paper Production Line
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Figure 2.2.6 Production Processes and Pollution Points in Paper Making System
Whitening Agent
Pulp Slag
Wastewater Noise Steam
Noise Chemicals Steam Noise
Purchased Reed
Pulp
Hydraulic Pulper
Self-Produced
Deinked Pulp
Pulp Mixing Tank
Paper Machine Pulp Tank
Slag Remover
Pressure Screen
Screening Unit
Grinding Unit
Pre-Drying Unit
Surface Sizer
Post-Drying Unit
Calender
Re-reeler / Paper Cutter
Finished Paper in Storehouse
Self-Produced
Wheat Straw Pulp
White Water Recycle
System
Purchased Wood
Pulp
Broke Paper
Treatment System
Hydraulic Pulper Rotary-Net
Condenser
Deinked Pulp Tank
Pulp Grinder Pulp Grinder Pulp Grinder Pulp Grinder
Reuse at Pulp Making
Room
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Figure 2.2.7 Production Processes and Pollution Points in White Water Recovery Room in Paper Making System
2.2.1.3Alkali Recovery System
The Company is equipped with 3 sets of alkali recovery systems, each with the capacity of black liquid treatment at 150t/d. Alkali recovery system mainly includes
evaporation, combustion and causticization processes for recycling of thermal energy and chemical substances. The specific process and pollutants discharge points involved in Alkali Recovery System are illustrated in Figure 2.2.8. The parameters used for the main equipments of the alkali recovery system are listed in Table 2.2.1.
Table 2.2.1 Parameters Used in Main Processes of Alkali Recovery System
No. Item Evaporation
Unit (m2)
Evaporation
Equipment
Alkali Recovery
Boiler in
Combustion Unit
Flue Gas
Treatment
1 1# Alkali
Recovery System 4900
2-Board 3-Tube
5-Cylinder 5-
Effect
Evaporator
WGZ15/1.27-1
2-field
Electrostatic
Dust
Collection
2 2# Alkali
Recovery System 6300
5-Effect Plate
Falling Film
Evaporator
WGZ14/1.27-1
2-field
Electrostatic
Dust
Collection
3 3# Alkali
Recovery System 6300
5-Effect Plate
Falling Film
Evaporator
HLJ160/15-1.27/194
Plate
Evaporation
+ Spray
Washer
1. Evaporation Unit
The Evaporation Unit is the process of countercurrent evaporation of 10% black
White Water from Paper
Machine
Slant Net Pulp
Collection
Water Collection
Tank
Slant Board
Sedimentation Tank
Fresh Water
Tank
Sludge
Storage Tank
Pulp Making
Room
Pulp Material
Recycle
PAC
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liquid of wheat straw pulp from the extraction unit of the pulp making system to increase the concentration to 48%.
The black liquid process of the Evaporation Unit is a process of complete countercurrent evaporation, the black liquid goes through 4-Effect Board-Shape
Falling Film Evaporator V-Effect Board-Shape Falling Film Evaporator IV-
Effect Board-Shape Falling Film Evaporator III-Effect Board-Shape Falling Film
Evaporator II-Effect Board-Shape Falling Film Evaporator I-Effect Board-
Shape Falling Film Evaporator, then from the I-Effect Concentrated Black Liquid Flash Evaporator to the Concentrated Black Liquid Tank for storage. Board-Shape Evaporator is effective in increasing evaporation efficiency and simplifying the process by reducing the use of equipments, as a result, the temperature difference inside in the Evaporation Unit may be used effectively for maximizing the capacity of
evaporation.
The evaporation process adopted at the Evaporation Unit is I → II → III → IV → V → IV-Effect, where the secondary steam generated during the final effect is to be condensed by the Board-Shape condenser; except for the use of fresh steam as thermal power for the I-Effect evaporator, the rest evaporators use secondary steam as thermal power.
The clean condensed water generated from I-Effect is sent back to the boiler room, the rest contaminated condensate water generated from the rest effects is sent to the final effect for flash evaporation, and the secondary steam generated shall be used as
additional thermal power for the next effect evaporator.
2. Combustion Unit
The black liquid from the Evaporation Unit will first be filled into the condensed black liquid tank, then be pumped into the black liquid heater and rotary plate evaporator, the 48% black liquid generated is fed into the boiler for combustion, and the rest black liquid is sent back through the pipe to the black liquid tank.
The fan sends air into the steam heater, the flue gas generated during combustion enters into the electrostatic dust collector and then released through the 80m chimney. The sode ash discharged from the bottom is fed into the solution tank, while the sode
ash released from the electrostatic dust collector is transported by the strike-off board to the dust melting tank, finally be filled into the solution tank to mix with the green liquid.
3. Causticization Unit
Continuous causticizing process is adopted at the Causticization Unit. The pulverized lime is transported by the bucket type elevator to the lime tank, then be fed into the digester by a helix feeder. The green liquid from the combustion unit is purified by the green liquid clarifier and fed into the green liquid tank to be heated and sent to the digester, where the green liquid is reacted with the lime milk and then be pumped into the Continuous Causticizer for causticization; the causticized white liquid enters into
the white liquid clarifier, while the condensed white liquid enters into the cooking unit for use. The generated white sludge, after being washed by a vacuum slag washer, enters into the white liquid slag sedimentation tank and then the white sludge washer to be washed by the Pre-Coated Vacuum Filter, the filtered white sludge is finally transported to the stockpile for temporary storage.
4. Alkali Recovery White Sludge Stockpile
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In 2004, due to the failure in implementing the project of comprehensive use of white sludge as planned, a 40,000t/a white sludge stockpile/landfill was built near Mopan Mountain, 12km north to Zhenluo Township, Zhongwei City, a site with the land area of 3km
2 and 20km from the Plant area. According to the check and acceptance of
environmental protection after the project construction was finished, the anti-seepage
measures meet the “Standard for Pollution Control in Storage and Disposal Site of General Industrial Solid Waste” (GB 18599-2001), and the white sludge generated from the current construction is transported to the landfill for disposal.
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Figure 2.2.8 Production Processes and Pollution Points in Alkali Recovery System
Steam
White Sludge
Waste Gas White Sludge
Diluted White Liquid
Green Sludge
Lime Digested
Slag
Concentrated White Liquid
Diluted Black Liquid
(Pulp Making Unit) V-Effect
Evaporator
Surface Condenser
Diluted Black Liquid
Storage Tank
IV-Effect
Evaporator
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Causticization White
Sludge Washing (Pulp Preparation Room)
Contaminated
Condensate Water
Semi-Concentration
Black Liquid Tank
III-Effect Evaporator
II-Effect Evaporator
I-Effect Evaporator
Concentrated Black Liquid
Flash Evaporator
Concentrated Black Liquid Tank
Rotary Plate Evaporator
Incineration at Alkali Recovery Boiler
Liquid Melt Dissolving Tank
Green Liquid Filter
Digester
Causticizer
To Landfill
Pre-Coated Filter
White Liquid Washer
Pulp Making Unit
Concentrated White
Liquid Storage Tank
White Liquid Purifier
Landfill
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2.2.2Public Utilities
2.2.2.1Analysis of Public Utilities of Existing project
1. Steam Supply
At present, the steam is supplied by 4×75t/h circulating fluidized bed boilers, and the
loads of each production line’s steam demand are shown in Table 0.Table 0.2.
Table 0.2 Loads of Steam Demand of Each Production Line of the Existing Project
Parameters
No. Steam-Consuming Units Pressure
(Mpa)
Temperature
( )
Average Load of
Steam Consumption
(t/h)
1 1# Pulp Making Room 0.7 230.0 9.9
2 2# Pulp Making Room 0.7 230.0 12.6
3 3# Pulp Making Room 0.7 230.0 6.9
4 Deinked Pulp Making Room 0.4 200.0 4.2
5 1# Cooperplate Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 2.5
6 2640 Room 0.4 200.0 19.2
7 13# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 5.6
8 12# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 10.7
9 11# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 11.4
10 10# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 7.8
11 9# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 6.1
12 8# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 5.1
13 7# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 /
14 6# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 7.6
15 5# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 3.6
16 4# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 3.4
17 3# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 /
18 2# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 /
19 1# Paper Machine Room 0.4 200.0 3.0
20 Alkali Recovery System 0.4 230.0 20
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Total / / 139.5
Based on the analysis, the existing project’s consumption of steam is at the rate of 126.8t/h, and the supply of steam to the circulating fluidized bed boiler is shown in Table 2.2.3.
Table 2.2.3 Data Sheet of Steam Supply by the Boilers
Steam supply boiler (t/h) 4×75t/h
Actual total load (t/h) 270t/h
Quantity of air drawing from
Extraction Condensing Unit I 47.7
Quantity of air drawing from
Extraction Condensing Unit II 49
Self-use steam 5
Steam consumption by High
Pressure Heater 12
Steam consumption by
deoxidizer 12
Pipeline transportation loss 4.8
Steam consumption
Subtotal 130.5
Steam supply 139.5
Based on analysis, it is known that as long as the thermoelectric boiler is working under normal state, it is capable of providing the steam needed by the existing project.
2. Power Supply
The Plant is equipped with 2×12MW extraction condensing turbo generators,
1×12MW multi-voltage turbo generator, in addition, a 110KV/35KV transformer
substation has been built for introducing double circuit 110KV power from the 110KV generatrix of Baiqiao 330KV Transformer Substation. The current
consumption of power by each production unit is listed in Error! Reference source
not found.. The self-equipped power generation unit is capable of generating power at the rate of 240,000,000KWH/a, with 7,000,000KWH/a purchased power needed.
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Table 2.2.4 Balanced Schedule of the Existing Project’s Power Consumption
3. Water Supply
The existing project’s use of water is from underground deep wells, it is specified in
No. Production Unit Installed
Capacity (KW)
Power Load
(KWH/d)
Voltage
(V)
1 1# Pulp Making Room 3524 25163 385
2 2# Pulp Making Room 4842 56345 385
3 3# Pulp Making Room 2473 18081 385
4 Deinked Pulp Making Room 4133 50000 385
5 1# Copperplate Paper Machine
Room 1930 3300 385
6 2640 Workshop 15975 132553 385
7 13# Paper Machine Room 2691 25339 385
8 12# Paper Machine Room 7715 53790 385
9 11# Paper Machine Room 8073 45392 385
10 10# Paper Machine Room 5453 37462 385
11 9# Paper Machine Room 3227 26830 385
12 8# Paper Machine Room 2666 21002 385
13 7# Paper Machine Room 1035 / 385
14 6# Paper Machine Room 3400 30047 385
15 5# Paper Machine Room 1582 10780 385
16 4# Paper Machine Room 1165 15039 385
17 3# Paper Machine Room 1500 / 385
18 2# Paper Machine Room 785 / 385
19 1# Paper Machine Room 3267 14272 385
20 Alkali Recovery System 3684 32403 385
21 Wastewater Treatment System 2650 33448 385
22 Water Supply Room 4638 38397 385
Total 86408 669643 385
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the certificate that the annual limit of water exploitation is 16,360,000m3 (44822m
3/d)
from the 40 wells, each unit’s water consumption is listed in Table 0.Table 0.5.
Table 0.5 Data Sheet of the Existing Project’s Water Consumption
Volume of Fresh Water Consumption No. Production Unit
m3/h m
3/d
1 1# Pulp Making Room 375 9008
2 2# Pulp Making Room 557 13359
3 3# Pulp Making Room 243 5821
4 Deinked Pulp Making Room 271 6500
5 1# Copperplate Paper Machine Room 5 120
6 2640 Workshop 133 3182
7 13# Paper Machine Room 31 755
8 12# Paper Machine Room 41 994
9 11# Paper Machine Room 51 1218
10 10# Paper Machine Room 45 1081
11 9# Paper Machine Room 78 1867
12 8# Paper Machine Room 18 440
13 7# Paper Machine Room / /
14 6# Paper Machine Room 27 644
15 5# Paper Machine Room 21 513
16 4# Paper Machine Room 25 612
17 3# Paper Machine Room / /
18 2# Paper Machine Room / /
19 1# Paper Machine Room 22 524
20 Alkali Recovery System 269 6450
21 Additional water supply for Boiler use
and circulation cooling water 257 6159
22 Water for Domestic Use 28.75 450
Total 2332 59696
4. Wastewater Discharge
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The existing project’s wastewater discharge is mainly the middle-stage wastewater from the Pulp Making Room, wastewater from the Waste Board Paper Machine Room, small amount of contaminated condensate water from Alkali Recovery Room, part of the white water from White Water Recovery Room, sewage water from domestic use, salt-containing water and cooling water from the Boiler, all of which
shall be sent to the Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment. The data on wastewater discharged from each production unit are listed in Table 0.Table 0.6.
The existing project’s wastewater treatment process includes primary sedimentation Tank + adjustment Tank + separation Tank + aeration Tank + secondary sedimentation Tank + coagulating sedimentation, the treated wastewater shall meet the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2001) and be pumped into the Oxidation Pool.
Table 0.6 Data Sheet of the Existing Production System’s Water Discharge
Volume of Water Discharge No. Production Unit
m3/h m
3/d
Water Discharged To
1 1# Pulp Making Room 578 13878 Wastewater Treatment Plant
2 2# Pulp Making Room 826 19813 Wastewater Treatment Plant
3 3# Pulp Making Room 367 8807 Wastewater Treatment Plant
4 Deinked Pulp Making
Room 133 3200 Wastewater Treatment Plant
5 1# Copperplate Paper
Machine Room 0.3 8 White Water Recovery Room
6 2640 Workshop 170 4080 White Water Recovery Room
7 13# Paper Machine
Room 78 1864 White Water Recovery Room
8 12# Paper Machine
Room 80 1920 White Water Recovery Room
9 11# Paper Machine
Room 87 2088 White Water Recovery Room
10 10# Paper Machine
Room 80 1920 White Water Recovery Room
11 9# Paper Machine Room 76 1824 Wastewater Treatment Plant
12 8# Paper Machine Room 65 1560 White Water Recovery Room
13 7# Paper Machine Room / / /
14 6# Paper Machine Room 70 1680 White Water Recovery Room
15 5# Paper Machine Room 70 1680 White Water Recovery Room
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16 4# Paper Machine Room 25 612 Wastewater Treatment Plant
17 3# Paper Machine Room / / /
18 2# Paper Machine Room / / /
19 1# Paper Machine Room 70 1680 White Water Recovery Room
20 Alkali Recovery System 412 9890
8890 to Pulp Making Room,
1000 to Wastewater
Treatment Plant
21
Additional water supply
for Boiler use and
circulation cooling water
65 1562 Wastewater Treatment Plant
22 Water for Domestic Use 17 400 Wastewater Treatment Plant
23
Water discharged from
White Water Recovery
Room
42 1000 Wastewater Treatment Plant
Total 2170 52096 Discharged to Wastewater
Treatment Plant
2.2.2.2Analysis of the Public Utilities of the Ongoing Project Construction
(1) 50,000t/a Enamel Paper Production Unit
The public utilities of the 50,000t/a Enamel Paper Production Unit are constructed based on the existing project, the data on steam consumption, power consumption, water consumption and wastewater discharge are listed in Table 0.Table 0.7.
Table 0.7 Data Sheet of the Public Utilities of the 50,000t/a Enamel Paper Project
No. Public Utilities Unit Unit
Consumption Remarks
1
Steam
consumption
load
t/t pulp 1.9 0.7Mpa, 180
2
Power
consumption
load
KWH/t pulp 300 385V
3 Water
consumption m
3/pulp 20 Fresh water
4 Wastewater
discharge m
3/pulp 23 Wastewater Treatment Plant
2. Reconstruction of 5# Boiler and Auxiliary Wet-Method Desulphurization
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Unit
Currently the Plant is equipped with 4 sets of circulating fluidized bed boilers to supply the steam needed for production, however, the phenomenon of power and steam shortage still emerges during production peak hours and overhaul period, therefore, the 5# Boiler is being constructed to solve this problem; the 5# 75t/h
Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler shares the same chimney with other boilers. The consumption of main raw materials and the public utilities needed for the Project are listed in Table 2.2.8.
Table 2.2.8 Data Sheet of the Public Utilities of 5# Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Under
Construction
No. Public Utilities Unit Quantity Remarks
1 Coal
consumption t/a 103560 Lingwu Mine
2 Water
consumption m
3/d 122.7 Fresh water
3 Wastewater
discharge m
3/d 18.4 Clean wastewater
4 Ash discharge t/a 46153 Comprehensive use
Meanwhile, due to the higher labor intensity needed for desulphurization in adding limestone into the boiler and low efficiency of desulphurization, the Company is reconstructing the desulphurization system of the thermoelectric boiler flue gas, after which the wet-method (limestone – plaster) desulphurization process shall be adopted for effectively improving the efficiency of desulphurization and reducing the discharge of SO2, and the data on the consumption of main raw and auxiliary materials and the public utilities needed for the Project are listed in Table 2.2.9.
Table 2.2.9 Data Sheet of the Public Utilities of the Wet-Method Desulphurization Tower
Under Construction
No. Public Utilities Unit Quantity Remarks
1 White sludge
consumption t/a 35381
Water content 46.33%, from the
Plant
2 Water
consumption m
3/h 8.9 Fresh water
3 Wastewater
discharge m
3/d 0 Circular use, no outlet discharge
4 Power
consumption 10,000 KWH/a 773.92 Supplied by the Plant
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No. Public Utilities Unit Quantity Remarks
5 Plaster
consumption t/a 32700 Comprehensive use
2.2.3Self-provided Thermal Power Station
Currently the Company has 4×75t/h circulating fluidized bed boilers equipped with
3×12MW turbo generators, including 2 extraction condensing units and 1 multi-
voltage unit. The data on the self-provided thermoelectric boiler and the auxiliary
power generators are listed in Table 0.Table 0.10.
Table 0.10 Basic Facts of the Thermoelectric Boiler System
Thermoelectric
Boiler Room Unit
Quantity
(set)
Commissioning
As Of Model
3×75t/h Circulating
Fluidized Bed Boilers 3 YG-75/5.29-M5
Extraction Condensing Unit 2 CC12-50/10/5
1, 2, 3#
Boilers
Generator 1
April 2001
QFW-15-2
1 set of75t/h Circulating
Fluidized Bed Boiler 3 YG-75/5.29-M5
Multi-voltage Unit 1 B12-4.9/0.686 4# Boiler
Generator 1
April 2007
QF-12-2
1 set of75t/h Circulating
Fluidized Bed Boiler 3 YG-75/5.29-M5
5# Boiler
/ 1
Under
construction,
commissioning
to be started by
the end of 2011 /
1. Coal Loading System
The coal loading system of the thermal power station is composed of dry coal site, loading bridge, transfer point and shredder room. The coal site is an open facility measured at 110m×70m capable of storing the volume of coal for 30d use. The crude coal is transported from the storage site by a rubber belt, after magnetic separation, screening and shredding processes, it will be transported to the coal shelter of the
Boiler Room, where the bridge type grab bucket elevator and loader are used for stockpiling, unloading and loading.
2. Chemical Water Treatment System
Before being supplied to the Boiler, the raw water shall go through the pretreatment equipment + anti-seepage + mixing bed for desalination, the quality of the processed
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water should meet the standard for Boiler water consumption.
3. Environmental Protection Facilities
Currently the Plant is equipped with 4×75t/h circulating fluidized bed boilers, the
flue gas is released from these boilers shall be treated and then discharged through the
120m chimney, the main environmental protection facilities and emission parameters are listed in Table 2.2.11.
Table 0.11 Data Sheet of the Main Equipments and Environmental Protection Facilities of
the Self-provided Thermal Power Station
1#, 2#, 3#
Boilers 4# Boiler
5# Boiler
(under
construction) Item
3×75t/h 1×75t/h 1×75t/h
Type Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
Boiler Evaporation
rate 225t/h 75t/h 75t/h
Type
Extraction
Condensing
Unit
Back
pressure /
Turbo generator
Steam
output 2×12MW 12MW /
Type / / / Generator
Capacity 2×12MW 12MW /
Type
With limestone added, currently
undergoing wet-method
desulphurization reconstruction,
estimated to be commissioning by end
of 2011
Flue Gas
Treatment
Unit Flue Gas
Desulphurization
Unit
Efficiency
75.4%, estimated to
reach 96% after wet-
method
desulphurization
/
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1#, 2#, 3#
Boilers 4# Boiler
5# Boiler
(under
construction)
Type
3-field electrostatic dust collector, with
the wet-method Desulphurization
Tower under construction to realize
95% dust collection
Flue Gas Dust
Collector
Efficiency 98% 98.9% 99.5%
Type Reinforced concrete chimney
Height Sharing a 120m chimney Chimney
Outlet
inradius 3.0m
Auto & Continuous Flue Gas
Monitoring System 1 set
Method of water cooling
Countercurrent Cooling Tower
(mechanical ventilation & steel-
concrete structure)
Thermo-electric ratio 546.7 285
Thermal efficiency / / 65.84
Temperature at flue gas outlet 150
Method of slag treatment Aerated slag and dust collection
Comprehensive use of slag Users comprehensively using ash and
slag transported from the Plant
Note: The data on dust/slag collection rate are from the Environmental Protection
Check and Acceptance Report of different phases of boiler construction, the data on the efficiency of desulphurization dust collection to be realized after the implementation of the Project of Wet-Method Desulphurization are from the “EIA Report of the Reconstruction Project of Boiler Flue Gas Desulphurization”.
4. Slag Storage
The slag generated during the construction may be used as raw material for the Cement Plant, a slag tank with the effective capacity of 150m
3 for storing 3 days
generation of slag is installed inside the Plant, in addition to a slag storehouse with the effective capacity of 50m
3, currently the slag is transported to the Cement Plant in
time, unnecessary to store inside the Plant.
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5. Coal Quality
The coal used for the boilers are mainly from Lingwu Mine in Ningxia Region.
2.2.4Water Balance
The existing project’s general situation of water balance is illustrated in Figure 2.2.9.
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Figure 2.2.9 Water Balance Chart of the Existing Project
Steam Treated White Water
Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp Making System
Fresh Water
100 6500
5820
Evaporation & Slag
Removal Loss 585 Pulp Additional Water 10000
1836 9471
Alkali Recovery Room
White Water Recycle Room
White Water
20907
Evaporation Loss & Product 400
Wastewater Treatment Plant
6450
480 Loss 289
4250
6020
28406
17480
18187
Water Supply Room
Domestic Life, etc.
450
Thermal Power Plant &
Circulation Cooling Water
Waste Paper Pulp Paper Making System
3350
2479
Loss 2248 46751
Loss 271
228
7160
Loss 50
2436 2285
1898
400
Cultural Paper Room (Copperplate)
Condensate Water 336
Up-to-standard Wastewater Discharge 43493
15087
Deinked Pulp Making Room
706 16491
3200
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1) Pollutants Discharge and Control Measures
The discharge of main pollutants is listed in Table 1.1Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 List of the Existing Project’s Pollution Sources and Pollutants Discharge
No. Workshop/Process Pollutants Discharge
1 Material
Preparation Room Wheat straw chips, dust, equipment noise, etc.
2 Pulp Making
Room
Middle-stage wastewater, Sprayer exhaust gas,
equipment noise, pulp slag, deinked sludge, etc.
3 Paper Machine
Room
Excessive white water, workshop washing water,
equipment noise, etc.
4 Thermoelectric
Workshop Waste gas, equipment noise, slag
5 Alkali Recovery
Room
Waste gas, contaminated condensate water, equipment
noise, white sludge
6 Wastewater
Treatment Plant Stink substance, equipment noise, sludge
2.3.1Wastewater Discharge and Control Measures
The existing Project’s wastewater discharge is mainly the middle-stage wastewater discharged from Pulp Making Room, wastewater from Board Paper Machine Room, small volume of contaminated condensate water from Alkali Recovery Room, sewage water from domestic use, water from White Water Room, salt-containing water and cooling water from the Boilers, all to be transported to the Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment.
The existing project’s wastewater treatment process includes Primary Sedimentation Tank + Adjustment Tank + Separation Tank + Aeration Tank + Secondary Sedimentation Tank + Coagulating Sedimentation, the parameters used for the main processes of wastewater treatment are listed in Table 2.3.2.
Table 2.3.2 Data Sheet of the Main Facilities of the Wastewater Treatment Plant
No. Facilities Relevant Parameters Specification Q’ty Residence
Time
1
Primary
Sedimentation
Tank
φ47.5m q=1.0m3/m
2h H=4.5m
floor slope: i=8%
Volume:
8000m3
1 4.5h
2 Adjustment
Tank
V =5500m3 T=3.1h H=6.5m
φ=34m
Volume:
5500m3
1 3.1h
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No. Facilities Relevant Parameters Specification Q’ty Residence
Time
3 Separation
Tank
Length: 13.5m×2; width:
52.4m×2 V =6500m3 T=3.8h
H=5.8m
Volume:
6500m3
2 3.8h
4 Aeration Tank
Length: 80.5m×2; width: 52.4m×2;
V =40500m3 T=23h H=5.8m;
water depth: 4.8m
Volume:
40500m3
2 23h
5
Secondary
Sedimentation
Tank
φ=62m q=0.59m3/m
2h H=4.8m
Volume:
15000m3
1 8h
6 Mixed
Reaction Tank V =240m
3 T=8min H=4.0m
Volume:
240m3
2 8min
7 Flocculation
Tank φ=47.5m H=4.8m
Volume:
8500m3
1 4.8h
8 Sludge
Storage Tank φ=17m Veffective=680m
3 H=3m
Volume:
680m3
1 三
9 Ventilation
System
Q(air volume)=150m3/min
P=49Kpa n=1250r/min 三 4 三
10 Deslimer
4×BSD2500 Integrative
Concentrated Filter belt width:
2500mm power:
pressure filter (4.4KW) Pre-
dehydrator (1.5KW)
三 4 三
11 1# Oxidation
Pool
Crest elevation: 1301.0m, designed
water level: 1299.5m, designed
crest height: 15.5m
Total volume:
1,969,400m3
1 15.1d
12 2# Oxidation
Pool
Crest elevation: 1301.0m, designed
water level: 1299.5m, designed
crest height: 15.6m
Total volume:
2,043,000m3
1 14.6d
13 3# Oxidation
Pool
Crest elevation: 1301.0m, designed
water level: 1299.5m, designed
crest height: 15.7m
Total volume:
116,400m3
1 0.83d
14 4# Oxidation
Pool
Crest elevation: 1301.0m, designed
water level: 1299.5m, designed
crest height: 15.8m
Total volume:
1,841,200m3
1 15.2d
The wastewater after treatment for discharge must meet the “Pollutants Discharge Standard for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2001), then it shall be filled into the Oxidation Pool.The processes of wastewater treatment are illustrated in Figure 1.Figure 1., and
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the discharge of main pollutants from the Wastewater Treatment Room is shown in Table 1.2Table 1.2.
Figure 1.1 Processes Flow Chart of the Wastewater Treatment Plant
2.3.2Waste Gas Emission and Control Measures
1. Boiler Flue Gas
The boiler system includes the existing 4×75t/h circulating fluidized bed boilers and
the 5# circulating fluidized boiler (75t/h) that is under construction. Currently the flue gas from the 4 sets of circulating fluidized bed boilers is discharged from one 120m×3.0m chimney, before which limestone is added into the boilers for
Solid Waste
Sludge
P, N
Flocculant
Sludge
Up-to-standard Wastewater
Wastewater
Grate
Water Collection Tank
Primary Sedimentation Tank
Adjustment Tank
Separation Tank
Aeration Tank
Secondary Sedimentation Tank
Condensation Tank
Oxidation Pool
Forest Base
Sludge
Storage Tank
Condensation Dehydrator
Comprehensive Use of Sludge
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desulphurization of flue gas at the rate of 75% and a 3-field electrostatic dust collector (4×ZC5400) is used to realize the efficiency of dust collection exceeding 98%. According to the environmental protection check and acceptance results after the construction was finished and the routine monitoring data, the emission of dust, SO2 and NOX has met the Phase III standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of
Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant”.
The current method of desulphurization by coal and limestone combustion has a low efficiency and needs intensive labor work. In order to further reduce the emission of waste gas, the Company is conducting reform of the desulphurization system, the construction of the wet-method (limestone-plaster) desulphurization system is estimated to be finished by the end of 2011 and put into commissioning, after which the efficiency of desulphurization of the auxiliary thermoelectric boiler shall reach 96%, and the efficiency of dust collection in the Desulphurization Tower shall reach 95%.
2. Flue Gas from Alkali Recovery Boiler
The existing alkali recovery system is equipped with 3 sets of alkali liquid boilers, 1# and 2# Alkali Recovery Boilers each adopts a 2-field electrostatic dust collector for dust collection, 3# Alkali Recovery Boiler adopts the spray washing film for dust collection; according to the environmental protection check and acceptance results after the construction was finished, the dust collection efficiency of 1#, 2# and 3# Alkali Recovery Boilers has reached 98.4%, 98.2% and 99% respectively, the emission of dust and SO2 has met the Level II standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Industrial Boiler and Kiln” (GB9078-1996), i.e., dust and SO2 emissions at the rate of 200 mg/Nm
3 and 850 mg/Nm
3 respectively.
3. Wheat Straw Chips and Dust
After the collection of dust by a Cavel Dust Collector at the Wheat Straw Preparation Room, the wheat straw chips and dust shall be sent to the Dust Tank for temporary storage, then be transported to the Forest Base for comprehensive use.
4. Sprayer Waste Gas
Sprayer waste gas is mainly the waste steam generated during the process of pulp making, which shall be recovered for alkali use by the spray type recovery unit.
5. Fugitive Emission of Waste Gas
The coal storage site is an open facility where water spray method is used for dust
reduction. Stink substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia may also be generated at the Wastewater Treatment Plant.
According to the data provided by Zhongwei Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station concerning the routine monitoring on the atmospheric pollutants sources and the environmental protection check and acceptance results after the construction was finished, the emission of atmospheric pollutants from the circulating fluidized bed boilers and alkali recovery boilers is illustrated in Table 1.3Table 1.3.
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Table 1.2 Data Sheet of the Existing Project’s Wastewater Discharge
CODcr BOD5 SS Ammonia
Nitrogen Total Phosphor AOX
Production Line
Wastewater
Discharge
(m3/d)
pH
mg/L t/d mg/L t/d mg/L t/d mg/L t/d mg/L t/d mg/L t/d
Discharged
To
1# Pulp
Production Line 10266 6-9 1960 20.12 500 5.13 420 4.31 / / / / 18 0.18
2# Pulp
Production Line 13778 6-9 1760 24.25 450 6.20 420 5.79 / / / / 17.7 0.24
3# Pulp
Production Line 7230 6-9 1960 14.17 500 3.62 420 3.04 / / / / 72 0.52
Deinked Pulp
Making Room 3200 6-9 2100 6.72 800 2.56 800 2.56 / / / / / /
Board Paper
Machine Room 2436 6-9 900 2.19 300 0.73 700 1.71 / / / / / /
Alkali Recovery
Room 2285 6-9 700 1.60 200 0.46 350 0.80 / / / / / /
Sewage water
from domestic use 400 6-9 500 0.20 300 0.12 200 0.08 / / / / / /
Wastewater from
Boiler use and
circulation cooling
water
1898 6-9 40 0.08 10 0.02 50 0.09 / / / / / /
Wastewater
Treatment
Plant
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Wastewater from
White Water
Recovery Room
2000 6-9 1200 2.40 600 1.20 500 1.00 / / / / / /
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
inlets
43493 8.42 1649.21 71.73 460.65 20.03 445.47 19.37
9.15 0.40 / / / / /
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
outlets
43493 7.34 349.92 15.22 95.95 4.17 59.67 2.60
3.61 0.16
0.20 0.01 / / Oxidation
Pool
Control standards / 6-9 450 / 100 / 100 / / / / / / / /
Note: Data on each production line are from self-monitored data of the Company, data on Wastewater Treatment Plant inlets and outlets are from the Company’s routine monitoring report and the environmental protection check and acceptance results after the construction was finished, wastewater discharged from Wastewater Treatment Plant should meet the “Pollutants Discharge Standard for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2001), i.e., CODcr 450mg/L, BOD5 100mg/L, SS 100mg/L
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Table 1.3 Data Sheet of Atmospheric Pollutants Emission
Dust SO2 NOx
Production Line
Flue Gas
Volume
(×104Nm
3/h) mg/Nm
3 Kg/h mg/Nm
3 Kg/h mg/Nm
3 Kg/h
1# Boiler 11.1 44.8 5.0 380.2 42.2 248 27.5
2# Boiler 11.7 45.5 5.3 369.5 43.2 212 24.8
3# Boiler 11.6 48.2 5.6 374.5 43.4 237 27.5
4# Boiler 11.6 46.7 5.4 375.3 43.5 138 16.0
Total 46.0 46.3 21.3 374.8 172.4 208 95.8
Standard value / 50 / 400 / 450 /
1# Alkali Recovery Boiler 2.36 160.1 3.8 149.7 3.5 三 三
2# Alkali Recovery Boiler 1.43 176 2.5 138.1 2.0 三 三
3# Alkali Recovery Boiler 1.48 157.1 2.3 139.7 2.1 三 三
Total 5.27 163.6 8.6 143.7 7.6 三 三
Standard value 三 / 200 三 / 850 /三 三 /
Note: Flue gas emission from 4 sets of circulating fluidized bed boilers should meet the Phase III standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant” (GB13223-2003), i.e., dust 50mg/m
3, SO2 400mg/m
3, NOx 450mg/m
3; flue gas emission
from 3 sets of alkali recovery boilers should meet the Level II standard specified in the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for
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Industrial Boiler and Kiln” (GB9078-1996), i.e., dust 200mg/m3, SO2 850mg/m
3. The data come from the quarterly supervision environemnta
monitoring conducted by Zhongwei Environmental Monitoring Station during 2010-2011
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The enterprise have a ongoing business, "limestone - gypsum" wet desulphurization.After completion of this project, emissions of major pollutants in Table 2.3.4.
Table 1.4 Data Sheet of Atmospheric Pollutants Emission after completion of project
Dust SO2 NOx
Production Line
Flue Gas
Volume
(×104Nm
3/h) mg/Nm
3 Kg/h mg/Nm
3 Kg/h mg/Nm
3 Kg/h
1# Boiler 11.1 22.4 2.5 126.7 14.1 248 27.5
2# Boiler 11.7 22.8 2.7 123.2 14.4 212 24.8
3# Boiler 11.6 24.1 2.8 124.8 14.5 237 27.5
4# Boiler 11.6 23.4 2.7 125.1 14.5 138 16.0
Total 46.0 23.2 10.7 124.9 57.5 208.3 95.8
5# Boiler(Under
construction) 21.8 23.9 5.2 50.9 11.1 250.0 54.5
Total 67.8 23.4 15.9 101.1 68.6 221.7 150.3
Standard value / 50 / 400 / 450 /
Note: After the implementation of wet FGD technology, desulfurization efficiency to 95%, collection efficiency calculated according to 50%.
2.3.3Solid Waste Generation and Control Measures
According to the Company’s current situation of actual production and the environmental protection check and acceptance report after the construction was
finished, the discharge of solid waste is listed in Table 2.3.5.
Table 1.5 Statistics on Solid Waste Treatment of Existing Project and Ongoing Project
Construction
Item Source
Generation
Volume
(t/a)
Treatment
Measures
Discharge
Volume Remarks
Wheat straw
chips
Material
Preparation Unit 12720
Stockpiled as
fertilizer 0
Pulp slag Pulp Making
Unit 6600
Used for Paper
Machine Room 0 Dry basis
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Deinked sludge Deinked Pulp
Making Unit 4000
Boiler
combustion 0
Not meeting
the treatment
standard
White sludge
Alkali Recovery
Causticization
Unit
19720
Solid Waste
Stockpile, to be
used as
desulphurizer
0 Dry basis
Green sludge,
lime mud
Alkali Recovery
Causticization
Unit
500 Solid Waste
Stockpile 0 Dry basis
Domestic
garbage Staff residence 3300
To be
transported by
sanitary
department
0
WTP Sludge Wastewater
Treatment Plant 46870
Forest Base
fertilizer 0
75% moisture
content
Boiler ash Thermal
Power plant 78000
Comprehensive
use
Desulphurization
plaster
Wet-Method
Desulphurization 32700
Comprehensive
use 0 1.
Total 204412 0 2.
2.3.4Noise Generation and Control Measures
The list of equipments generating noise is shown in Table 1.Table 1.6.
Table 1.6 List of Noise-Generating Equipments of the Existing Project
Unit Classification
Unit Name Post-Measures Sound Level
(Leq[dB(A)]) Indoor/Outdoor
Straw Cutter 85.0-90.0 Indoor Material
Preparation
Room Shredder 85.0-90.0 Indoor
Circulation Pump, Water
Pump 85.0-90.0 Indoor
Black Liquid Pump, Pulp
Pump 84.0-88.0 Indoor
Knotter, Pressure Screen 85.0-90.0 Indoor
Pulp Making
Unit
Circulation Pump, Water
Pump 85.0-90.0 Indoor
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Screening Unit, Squeezing
Unit 92.0-97.0 Indoor
Pulp Pump, Water Pump 84.0-88.0 Indoor
Paper Making
Unit
Vacuum Pump 95.0-100.0 Indoor
Evaporation Unit 86-95 Indoor
Combustion Unit 92-100 Indoor Alkali
Recovery Unit
Causticization Unit 85-87 Indoor
Induced Draft Fan 85.0 Outdoor
Fan 90.0 Indoor
Water Feeding Pump 90.0 Indoor
Steam Turbine 90.0 Indoor
Medium/Low Pressure
Steam Vent 88.0 Outdoor
Thermal Power
Station
Generator & Exciter 90.0 Indoor
Wastewater
Treatment
Station
Sprayer 90.0 Indoor
Cooling Water
Circulation
System
Cooling Tower 80.0 Outdoor
2.4Current Situation of Environmental Protection and Labor Protection System
The Company has established a comparatively complete system of environmental management. Currently the General Manager is acting as the principal person in charge of the management of environmental protection and cleaner production of the Plant; in addition, the Company has established an Environmental Protection Plant, which is a subsidiary for conducting coordination with the superior environmental protection department and overseeing the Company’s overall work of environmental protection and quality control, as well as maintaining the normal operation of the Company’s environmental protection project and conducting environmental protection management and environmental monitoring.
The Company has carried out a series of measures for safeguarding the labor protection system to ensure the workers’ health and safety:
1 Chemical Hazard
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Large amount of chemical substances are used and generated by pulp and paper industry and such substances are capable of causing adverse impacts on the workers’ health and safety. These chemical substances include the deoxidized sulfur compound, sodium hydroxide and other corrosive substances, as well as the hazardous sodium chlorate and sodium sulfate. In order to control and eliminate the
potential impact on the workers’ health and safety by chemical substances, the Company has paid special attention and adopted a series of measures, such as adopting mechanical production of pulp and paper, conducting automatic project control, installing continuous air monitor (beeper) on equipments where leaking or generation of hazardous gas is possible, regularly updating the database of chemicals used and produced by the Plant, and so on.
2. Physical Harm
Usually the serious physical harm happens when the enterprises fail to implement the system of putting signs and using locks where necessary, to avoid such situation, the Company has adopted a series of measures, such as: having installed a platform under each conveyor above the passageway for catching the fallen matters; making it a rule to clean the spills in time; maintaining the dryness and cleanliness of the floors; having installed banisters along the passageway at above or around the production lines; having put signs on vehicle roads and passageways, forbidding the hoist of heavy goods above the workers, etc.
3. Mechanical Safety
The Company has also established management system concerning the wood peeler and wood cutter that might injure the workers, for instance, having installed protective or interlocking devices on movable parts of equipments to prevent the direct contact; having established the procedure of switching off and locking down the equipments for maintenance, cleaning or repairing; providing training on how to
operate the wood peeler and wood cutter; maintaining a good order of the worktables to avoid the damage by broken pieces; keeping regular inspections on and maintenance of the equipments to avoid operation failure; asking all workers to wear eye-protecting devices while operating such equipments and other personal protective devices when necessary.
4. Heat
A number of units of the Pulp Making Plant belong to high temperature or high pressure process, including pulp cooking, chemicals recycling, lime production and paper drying. The following measures have been established for prevention of heat injury: providing air-conditioned control room in workshops of wood material preparation, pulp making, bleaching and paper making; planning the work schedule for hot zone workers to adapt to the high temperature and have necessary rest; automatic removal of the stink smell of the chemicals recovery boiler; providing thick and protective clothing to workers contacting melting or high-temperature materials; implementing safety procedures to reduce the risks of melting substance or water explosion; fast moving of melting matters; regular repairing of chemicals recovery boilers to prevent water leaking from tube wall; immediate shutting down of chemicals recovery boilers once water leaking is detected.
5. Noise
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Equipment mechanical noise at material preparation unit and paper making unit is the main source of noise pollution, effective control measures have been adopted to reduce the noise and eliminate the damage to the workers’ health, such as providing earflaps to the workers and building a control room, etc.
2.5 Reform Measures and “Old + New Project Construction”
2.5.1Reform Measures
1. Failure of Safe Treatment of Hazardous Waste
Previously, the deinked sludge generated during the process of deinked pulp production was directly filled into the boiler for combustion, without any requirement for safe treatment. Currently there is no production of deinked sludge because the production has been stopped temporarily, it is planned that after the production is resumed in the future, the deinked sludge shall be stored inside the Plant and then transported to a qualified institution for treatment. The Company has promised to consign this task to the Hazardous Waste Treatment Center of Ningxia
Hui Autonomous Region once the Center starts commissioning.
2. Lack of EIA and “Three Synchronizations” Check and Acceptance for 3# Pulp Making Unit
The system of EIA and “Three Synchronizations” check and acceptance is not being implemented at 3# Pulp Making Unit, and this production line shall be closed after the Project construction.
2.5.2The Strategy of “Old + New Project Construction”
1. Reform of the Desulphurization System at Thermal Power Station
According to the environmental protection check and acceptance results after the
construction was finished and the updated monitoring data, the emission of flue gas has met the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant” (GB13271-2001), however, most data are close to the standard values, plus the disadvantage of adding limestone for desulphurization during actual operation. To improve the situation, the Company is conducting reconstruction on the existing desulphurization system, after which the “limestone-plaster” wet-method shall be adopted to improve the efficiency of the Desulphurization Tower; in addition, the wet-method desulphurization has certain effect of dust collection. The data on the emission of pollutants after the implementation of wet-method desulphurization
system are shown in Table 2.4.1.
Table 2.4.1 Data Sheet of Main Pollutants Emission after Desulphurization Reform
Dust SO2 NOx
Process/Unit
Flue Gas
Volume
(×104Nm
3/h)
mg/Nm3 Kg/h mg/Nm
3 Kg/h mg/Nm
3 Kg/h
1# Boiler 11.1 22.4 2.5 126.7 14.1 248 27.5
2# Boiler 11.7 22.8 2.7 123.2 14.4 212 24.8
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3# Boiler 11.6 24.1 2.8 124.8 14.5 237 27.5
4# Boiler 11.6 23.4 2.7 125.1 14.5 138 16.0
Total 46.0 23.2 10.7 124.9 57.5 208.3 95.8
5# Boiler (under
construction) 21.8 23.9 5.2 50.9 11.1 250.0 54.5
Total 67.8 23.4 15.9 101.1 68.6 221.7 150.3
Standard value / 50 / 400 / 450 /
Note: Desulphurization efficiency and dust collection efficiency are calculated as 95% and 50% respectively after implementation of reformed desulphurization process.
2. Implementation of Environmental Protection Procedure at Old Production Lines
1# Pulp Making Unit, 1– 8# Paper Making Units are all old production lines built when the Company was established, and the production was started previous to the implementation of the “Management Regulations of Environmental Protection for Construction Project” (1998), so environmental protection procedure was missing in the management system. In 2000, the Company conducted an assessment on these
old production lines in “EIA Report of the Overall Technology Reform Project for Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd”, which has passed the overall check and acceptance by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2005.
3. Failure of Wastewater Discharge in Meeting the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008)
Due to the low efficiency of wastewater treatment, the discharge of treated wastewater can not meet the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), especially the reason of adopting liquid chlorine bleaching in pulp making. According to monitoring data, AOX values of the wastewater from the outlets of the 4-series Bleaching Room of 2# Pulp Making Unit and the New 3-Stage Bleaching Room of 3# Pulp Making Unit have reached 72mg/L and 17.7mg/L respectively, which is much higher than the limit value of 12mg/L as required by the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008). The emission of AOX during pulp making process shall be cut down with the implementation of the proposed Project when the 3# Pulp Making Unit shall be closed and reform of sealed screening shall be finished at the 2# Pulp Making Unit, in addition to the adoption of ECF (element chlorine free) ClO2 bleaching method.
4. Elimination of Old Production Lines
With continuous development of the Company and due to the implementation of new Project and adjustment of paper industry policies, a number of production lines have been unable to meet the increasingly strict standard of environmental protection.
The main foundations for phasing out these production lines are as follows:三
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According to the “Paper Industry Development Policies” formulated by NDRC: “Chemical pulp production units and cooking balls and technologies below the capacity of 34,000t/a, as well as energy-consuming low-level paper machines with narrow width and low speed, must be phased out. The process of lime method pulp making must be banned, the adoption of chlorine bleaching process must be
prohibited in newly approved Project (and the existing process of such must be phased out gradually by the enterprise). Import of backward and second-hand pulp and paper equipments must be banned.”
The Project to be phased out according to the “Guiding Catalogue for Adjustment of Industry Structure (2011)”: “the Project to be phased out include the production
lines of cultural paper with the width三 1.76m and the speed三 120m/m, the
production lines of whiteboard paper, boxboard paper and corrugated paper with the
width三 2m and the speed三 90m/m.”
According to the “Official Reply to the Environmental Impact Report by Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Concerning the Forestry-Paper Integration Project” (HuanShen [2005] 863) by SEPA in 2005: “The existing production line of cooking ball pulp making must be shut down before the commissioning of the Project.”
According to “The Official Reply to the EIA Report of the Project of Extended Delignification Cooking and Cleaner Bleaching Technologies Reform for the Annual Production of 68,000 Tonnes of Wheat Straw Pulp by Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd” (NingHuanShenFa [2009] 12, February 2009) by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2008:
“The production lines of 12×25m3 cooking ball wheat straw pulp and 1#, 2#, 3#, 5#
small-scale production lines of cultural paper existing in the old Plant area need to be shut down for the Project implementation.”
The production lines need to be phased out, shut down or reformed are listed in Table 2.4.2.
Table 2.4.2 Plan List of “Old + New Project Construction”
No.
Eliminated
Production
Line
Main Unit/Process Elimination
Basis
Plan of “Old + New Project
Construction”
1
1# Pulp
Making
Room
Cooking Ball, Liquid
Chlorine Bleaching 陶
Production stopped previous
to the commissioning of the
proposed Project
2
2# Pulp
Making
Room
Liquid Chlorine
Bleaching 陶
Reformed into an ECF
bleaching pulp making unit
after the commissioning of
the proposed Project
3
3# Pulp
Making
Room
Cooking Ball, Liquid
Chlorine Bleaching 陶 陶
Production stopped previous
to the commissioning of the
proposed Project
4 1# Paper 1×1575/60 Rotary Net 陶 Production currently stopped
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No.
Eliminated
Production
Line
Main Unit/Process Elimination
Basis
Plan of “Old + New Project
Construction”
Machine
Room
Paper Machine
5
1# Paper
Machine
Room
2×1575/120
Rectangular Net Paper
Machine
陶
Reformed into a production
line of aluminum foil
intermediate paper
6
2# Paper
Machine
Room
1×1575/80 Writing
Paper Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
陶 陶 Production currently stopped
7
3# Paper
Machine
Room
2×1575/40 Writing
Paper Rotary Net
Paper Machine,
1×1575/80 Writing
Paper Rectangular Net
Paper Machine
陶 Production currently stopped
8
4# Paper
Machine
Room
1×1575/60 Corrugated
Paper Rotary Net
Paper Machine
陶 Normal production
9
7# Paper
Machine
Room
1×1575/60 Writing
Paper Rotary Net
Paper Machine
陶 陶 Production currently stopped
10
Alkali
Recovery
Room
1×Alkali Recovery System
2-Board 3-Tube 5-Cylinder 5-Effect
Evaporator, total: 4900m2
Normal production
3Overview and Analysis of the Planned Project
Construction
2) Project Overview
3.1.1Basic facts
1. Project Title
The Project of Extended Delignification Cooking and Cleaner Bleaching
Technologies Reform for the Annual Production of 68,000 Tonnes of Wheat Straw Pulp by Ningxia Meili Paper Industry
2. Construction Contractor
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MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
3. Construction Nature
Reconstruction and extended construction
4. Construction Location and Land Area
The Project is planned to be constructed in the northeastern section of the Plant, a
land area of 45000m2, the geographical location of the Project construction is
illustrated in Figure 3.1.1.
5. Legal Representative
Wang Kun
6. Products Design and Scale
The designed scale of the Project is an annual production of 68,000 tonnes of bleached wheat straw pulp. The main products are listed in Table .
Table 3.1.1 Product Standard of Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp
Item Unit White Pulp Standard Value
1. Whiteness (blue photocclusion
analysis) % 80
2. Beating degree °SR ≤42
3. Wet weight g ≥2.0
4. Residual chlorine g/l ≤0.015
5. Pulp washing neatness mgN/l ≤20
(0.2-1. 0) mm2 7 p
(0.5-1.0) mm2 2 p
6. Dust (p/15g
dripped pulp)
1.0 mm2
piece
Not allowed
7. Total Investment
The Project’s total investment is RMB185,200,000, including RMB149,880,000 investment in construction and RMB16,000,000 as circulating fund.
3.1.2Project Components
The Project construction mainly includes the main body project construction, auxiliary project construction and public utilities based on the existing Plant facilities. The main body project construction mainly includes: the construction of
1×100t/d production line of wheat straw pulp including dry/wet-method material
preparation, continuous cooking and sealed screening; the construction of
1×200/t/d bleaching unit; the reconstruction of the existing 2# Pulp Making Unit
with the process of continuous cooking preserved and the screening and bleaching processes reformed into sealed screening and ECF bleaching respectively, after which the productivity of bleached chemical pulp reaching 34,000t/a; the auxiliary project construction of a chlorine dioxide preparation unit with the productivity of 4t/d; after the planned Project construction, the final productivity shall be 68,000t/a
production of bleached wheat straw pulp with the existing 1# and 3# cooking ball
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pulp making units eliminated. The planned Project construction is illustrated in Table 3.1.2. The Plant layout is illustrated in Figure 3.1.1, in which the green part is the new construction area.
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3#
5,#
/
2,40
1#
2#
2#
1#
1#3/ 4# 1/ 2#
2#
提201
彩
提201
提201
品 0
Figure 3.1.1 Location and Layout of the Planned Project
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Table 3.1.2 Contents of the Project Components
Item Project
Construction Contents and Scale
Material
Preparation Unit
of Pulp Making
System
Processing capacity at 100t/d, the wheat straw transported from the raw material storage site is weighed and
sent by a van to the material preparation unit, where it is artificially loaded onto the rubber belt by which it is
fed into the Straw Cutter to be cut into straw blades at suitable size, which shall go through dust collection by
a roller-type dust collector and then be dropped into a horizontal belt and a vertical belt in turn, then be sent
into the Material Storage Tank. The straw blades after dust collection is then sent by a slant belt (in which an
electronic iron absorber is installed) into the Hydraulic Washer for washing (concentration 4-6%), after which
it is diluted into 4-4.5% concentration and be pumped into the oblique helix dewaterer to be dehydrated into
15-20% dryness, then be spiraled into the next unit with the extra straw blades sent back to the Washer.
Main Body
Project
Construction
Cooking Unit of
Pulp Making
System
Production capacity at 100t/d. After weighing, squeezing and spiraling of washed straw blades and preheating
to 80 in Steam Tank, the material is sent to the Helix Feeder where the blades are compressed into crumbs
and fed into T-shape Tube, where the crumbs begin to inflate immediately by absorbing the cooking liquid
and then be fed to the 4-Tube Cooking Machine for cooking. The cooked material will then go through a
middle tube to arrive the vertical dumper where it is mixed with the added diluted black liquid and then be
discharged by a valve to the Discharge Tank for storage, after which the liquid goes through the Double-
Roller Pulp Squeezer for mechanical squeezing and then be pumped to the Extraction Unit.
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Extraction and
Screening Unit
of Pulp Making
System
Production capacity at 100t/d. Pulp from Cooking Unit goes through the Knotter to remove the crude matters
and is sent to the 3-Stage Drum-type Vacuum Washer for countercurrent series washing, then goes through
the Double-Roller Pulp Squeezer to get the black liquid, which is filtered by a Pressure Screen and sent to the
Evaporation Unit. The washed coarse pulp is pumped into the Oxidation Unit for heating and mixing with
oxygen, then be sent into 1# Oxidation Tower for 20min delignification reaction, after which to be heated to
100 and sent to 2# Medium-Concentration Mixer where it is mixed with oxygen and then sent to 2#
Oxidation Tower for further delignification reaction lasting about 60min. After reaction, the pulp is sent to a
2-phase Grade I Pressure Screen for sealed screening and then sent to a 3-Stage Vacuum Washer for
countercurrent washing.
Bleaching Unit
of Pulp Making
System
Production capacity 200t/d. The pulp from the Vacuum Washer is pumped into D0 Process for D0 + EOP + D1
+ D2 bleaching, during which the filtrate is partly used for prewashing dilution with the rest to be sent to
Wastewater Treatment Plant.
Reform Sealed
Screening Unit
of 2# Pulp
Making System
Production capacity 100t/d. The equipments such as Vibration Screen, CX Centrifugal Screen and Slag
Remover used in the open screening and purification system shall be replaced by sealed screening
equipments, such as Pressure Screen, Knotter and High-Concentration Sand Remover.
Evaporation Unit
of Alkali
Recovery
System
The existing 2-Board 3-Tube 5-Cylinder 5-Effect Evaporator of the Alkali Recovery System shall be phased
out, the new Evaporation Unit shall bring an additional 7000m2 evaporation area based on the original
4900m2. The evaporation process adopted at the Evaporation Unit is I → II → III → IV → V → IV-Effect,
where the secondary steam generated during the final effect is to be condensed by the Board-Shape
condenser; except for the use of fresh steam as thermal power for the I-Effect evaporator, the rest evaporators
use secondary steam as thermal power.
Auxiliary Chlorine Dioxide Production capacity at 4t/d. The method used for chlorine dioxide preparation is R8 Method, by which
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Project
Construction
Preparation
System
sodium chlorate is used as the raw material and sulfuric acid and methanol as reagent to reduce the sodium
chlorate into the gaseous chlorine dioxide.
Public
Utilities
Reform of
Wastewater
Treatment
System
Due to the low efficiency of wastewater treatment process, in order to improve the efficiency and meet the
“Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), the existing Primary
Sedimentation Tank shall be reconstructed, a Hydrolytic Acidification Unit and an Aerobiotic Aeration Unit
shall be installed to the existing Adjustment Tank, more strains (imported special substance, wastewater from
paper making) shall be added into the Aeration Tank for higher efficiency, and an Aeration Biological
Filtration Tank shall be installed behind the Flocculation Sedimentation Tank.
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3.1.2.1Main Technical and Economic Indices
The main technical and economic indices used for the planned Project are listed in Table 3.1.1Table 3.1.1.
Table 3.1.1 Main Technical and Economic Indices for the Planned Project
No. Index Items Unit Index Value
1 Bleached pulp t/a 68000
2 Recovered alkali t/a 19720
3 Total investment 10,000 yuan 18520
4 Construction investment 10,000 yuan 14988
5 Interest for construction period 10,000 yuan 1932
6 Circulating fund 10,000 yuan 1600
7 Total cost of products 10,000yuan/a 24286
8 Cost of unit pulp Yuan/t 3228.80
9 Cost of unit product of recovered alkali Yuan/t 1181.88
10 Operation revenue 10,000yuan/a 27541.57
11 Business taxes 10,000yuan/a 1561.42
12 Profits 10,000yuan/a 2417.71
13 Investment profit margin % 13.05
14 Investment tax rate % 20
15 Payback period of loan
16 Bank loans annual 6
17 Internal rate of return
18 Total investment (after income tax) % 15.20
19 Total investment (before income tax) % 19
20 Breakeven point % 70
21 Total number of staff person 210
22 All labor productivity 10,000yuan/p.a 40
23 Working days per annum Daily 340
24 Working hours per day Hourly 24
3.1.2.2Horizontal layout
1 The Cooking Unit is located east to the 3# Pulp Making Unit with the process flow from south to north, including the Material Storage Site, Wet-Method
Material Preparation Unit, Cooking Unit, Extraction and Bleaching Unit, Finished Products Storehouse.
2. The overall layout meets the requirement of process flow and material transport with well designed logistic routes and pipelines capable of saving land
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occupation.
3. The overall layout is designed with clear and distribution of function zones, smooth and separated labor and goods logistics, the reasonable and intact location of all units is based on the consideration of future expansion and land occupation.
4. Reasonable and intact distribution of workshops with close relationship and continuous processes as well as the storehouses and auxiliary facilities is beneficial in reducing the transportation distance and conducting production management.
5. The main technical and economic indices in layout designing are listed in Table 3.1.4.
Table 3.1.4 Main Technical and Economic Indices for Horizontal Layout Design
No. Index Item Unit Index Value
1 Project floor space mu 100
2 Project construction floor space m2 45000
3 Construction space m2 24362
4 Floor area ratio % 65
5 Vegetation ratio of the Plant area % 22
3.1.2.3Consumption of Raw and Auxiliary Materials and Energy
1. Consumption of Raw and Auxiliary Materials
The consumption of raw and auxiliary materials by the planned Project are listed in Table 3.1.5.
Table 3.1.5 Data Sheet of Raw and Auxiliary Materials Consumption
No. Material Unit Unit
Consumption
Annual
Consumption Remarks
1 Wheat straw t 2.900 197200 Water content 15%
2 Alkali t 0.436 29648 Total alkali
consumption
3 Chlorine Dioxide t 0.020 1360
4 Oxygen t 0.035 2380
5 Hydrogen
peroxide t 0.025 1700
6 Reagents t 0.040 2720
7 Water m3 80 2720000
8 Electricity KWH 550 105400000
9 Steam t 3.0 102000
2. Source of Wheat Straw
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Ningxia is geographically included in the Yellow River irrigation area, irrigation-based agriculture is well developed in Ningxia Region, the area of wheat farmland with irrigation water from the Yellow River reached 1,560,000mu in 2007 and the annual production of wheat straw is about 800,000 tonnes to be calculated at 50% use rate, i.e., 400,000 tonnes of wheat straw may be used for paper making, in addition to
the neighboring provinces and region’s 800,000t production of wheat straw. The abundant resource of wheat straw provides the paper industry with sufficient fibrous material.
3.1.2.4Transportation
1. External Transportation
The external transportation is mainly in the form of road transport, Zhongying Expressway (Zhongning – Yingpanshui) passes through the southern part of Zhongwei City and connects the three national roads: GZ25 (Dandong – Yinchuan – Lanzhou – Lasa), GZ35 (Qingdao – Yinchuan) and GZ45 (Lianyungang – Wuwei –
Huorguosi), the national road 109# and provincial roads 101#, 201# cross with three expressways of Zhongying, Zhonghao and Zhonggu, thus forming a convenient and efficient network.
2. Internal Transportation
The staple goods are transported by conveyors or fork trucks, the scattered and heavy materials are transported by battery cars, and the waste goods by trucks. The bulk or packaged raw materials are transported by diesel fork trucks, cranes and small trucks.
3. Transportation Volume
The Project’s annual volume of transportation is 261,000 tonnes, including 232,000
tonnes of freight in and 29,000 tonnes of freight out. The detailed volumes of transportation are listed in Table 3.1.6.
Table 3.1.6 Data Sheet of Transportation Volumes
No. Goods Annual Volume of
Transportation (t )
Transportation
Means Remarks
I. Freight In
1 Wheat straw 197200 Vehicle transport
2 Alkali 29648 Vehicle transport
3 Hydrogen
peroxide 1700 Vehicle transport
4 Reagents 2720 Vehicle transport
5 Subtotal 231268 Subtotal
II. Freight Out
No. Goods Annual Volume of
Transportation (t )
Transportation
Means Remarks
1 Ear of wheat, etc. 29580 Vehicle transport
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3.1.3Main Equipments
The main equipments included in the planned Project are listed in Table 3.1.7.
Table 3.1.7 List of Main Equipments for the Planned Project
No. Equipment Model Quantity Material
I. 100t/d System of Material Preparation, Continuous Cooking and Sealed Screening
1 Straw Cutter 12-15t/h 3 Auto
2 Continuous Cooking
Machine 3-Tube type 1
3 Squeezing Machine 2 Pre-extraction
4 Vacuum Washer 70m2 3 Extraction
5 Pressure Screen 2
6 High-Concentration Sand
Remover 2
7 Vacuum Washer 70m2 3 Concentration
II. Reform of 100t/d Sealed Screening Unit of 2# Pulp Making System
1 Pressure Screen 2
2 High-Concentration Sand
Remover 2
3 Vacuum Washer 70m2 3 Concentration
III. 200t/d System of Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching
1 Double-Roller Pulp
Squeezer Ф900*4300mm 1
2 1# Delignification Tower 33m
3 1
3 2# Delignification Tower 100m
3 1
4 Do-process Bleaching Tower Upflow type 100m3 1
5 EOP-process Reaction
Tower Downflow type 115m
3 1
6 Chlorine Dioxide Generator 10.5m3 1 Titanium
7 Sodium Chlorate Storage
Tank Heater
Titanium
8 Generator Vacuum Jet
Aerator ZPB(77+2.74)-13.5/1.1
Titanium
9 Filter Vacuum Jet Aerator ZPB(280+55)-51/1.1 Titanium
10 Chlorine Dioxide Absorption
Tower 650×14000mm 1
FRP,
Titanium
11 Exhaust Gas Absorption
Tower 650×8000mm
FRP,
Titanium
12 Degasifier 10m3 1
IV. Evaporation Unit of Alkali Recovery System
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No. Equipment Model Quantity Material
1 5-Effect Evaporator Evaporation area: 7000m2 1
2 Diluted Black Liquid Tank 2
3 Semi Concentration Black
Liquid Tank 1
4 Concentration Black Liquid
Tank 1
5 Black Liquid Pump 6
3) Project Analysis
3.2.1Main Production Units and Production Processes
3.2.1.1Pulp Making System
1. Material Preparation Unit
The wheat straw transported from the raw material storage site is weighed and sent by a van to the material preparation unit, where it is artificially loaded onto the rubber belt by which it is fed into the Straw Cutter to be cut into straw blades at suitable size, which shall go through dust collection by a roller-type dust collector and then be dropped into a horizontal belt and a vertical belt in turn, then be sent into the Material Storage Tank.
The straw blades after dust collection is then sent by a slant belt (in which an electronic iron absorber is installed) into the Hydraulic Washer for washing (concentration 4-6%), after which it is diluted into 4-4.5% concentration and be pumped into the Oblique Helix Dewaterer to be dehydrated into 15-20% dryness, then be spiraled into the next unit with the extra straw blades sent back to the Washer to ensure a continuous and even feeding of material to the Continuous Cooking Unit. The washing water, straw chips and wastewater left at the Dehydrator, where the dust
is collected from the straw blades, are separated by a Grating Filter, after which the wastewater enters into a high-Effect sedimentation unit for further treatment with chemicals added, then the filtered water flows to the Clear Water Storage Tank, later to be pumped into Hydraulic Washer for recycling. The straw residues left after grating shall be regularly transported outside of the Plant for treatment.
The impurities such as sand, leaves and straw ear may be removed through Dry/Wet-Method Material Preparation, so as to reduce the volume of chemical consumption during the cooking process and increase the pulp generation ratio and improve the pulp quality, which is beneficial for pulp washing and bleaching and improving the
quality of black liquid, which is useful in improving alkali recovery efficiency and reducing the load of middle-stage wastewater treatment.
The parameters used for the main processes of the Material Preparation Unit are listed in Table 3.2.1.
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Table 3.2.1 Main Parameters for Material Preparation Process
No. Item Unit Quantity
1 Straw blade size mm 25-35
2 Water content of wheat straw % 15
Loss of materials during dry-method preparation % 10 3
Loss of materials during wet-method preparation % 6
4 Percent of qualified straw blades % 85
5 Daily supply of blades t 580
6 Annual supply of blades t 197200
7 Temperature for blade washing 50
8 Concentration for blade washing % 4-6
9 Volume of washing water circulation m3/d 8500
10 Concentration of blade feeding % 3-4.5
11 Blade dryness after dehydration % 15-20
12 Temperature of blade preheating 80
2. Continuous Cooking Unit
After weighing, squeezing and spiraling of washed straw blades and preheating to
80℃ in Steam Tank, the material is sent to the Helix Feeder where the blades are
compressed into crumbs and fed into T-shape Tube, where the crumbs begin to inflate immediately by absorbing the cooking liquid and then be fed to the 4-Tube Cooking Machine for cooking. The cooked material will then go through a middle tube to arrive the vertical dumper where it is mixed with the added diluted black liquid and then be discharged by a valve to the Discharge Tank for storage, after which the liquid goes through the Double-Roller Pulp Squeezer for mechanical squeezing and then be pumped to the Extraction Unit.
The parameters used for the main processes of the Continuous Cooking Unit are listed in Table 3.2.2.
Table 3.2.2 List of Parameters Used for Main Processes of Continuous Cooking Unit
No. Item Unit Quantity Remarks
1 Alkali consumption for
cooking process % 14 Absolute dry blade
2 Maximum temperature for
cooking 140-150
3 Liquor ratio 1:2.8-1:3
4 Working pressure of cooking Mpa 0.6
5 Cold spray temperature 95
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No. Item Unit Quantity Remarks
6 Cold spray concentration % 6
7 Percent of coarse pulp
generation % 43.8
8 Rigidity of coarse pulp KMNO4 value 10-13
9 Volume of residual alkali g/l 5~10
3. Extraction and Screening Unit
The extraction of black liquid is conducted through series countercurrent washing by a Double-Roller Pulp Squeezer and a drum-type Vacuum Washer, and the process of extended delignification sealed screening is adopted, which can be finished under
higher concentration to reduce power consumption and water consumption, at the same time having increased the concentration, temperature and extraction rate of black liquid.
Pulp from Cooking Unit goes through the Knotter to remove the crude matters and is sent to the 3-Stage Drum-type Vacuum Washer for countercurrent series washing, then goes through the Double-Roller Pulp Squeezer to get the black liquid, which is filtered by a Pressure Screen and sent to the Evaporation Unit. The washed coarse pulp is pumped into the Oxidation Unit for heating and mixing with oxygen, then be sent into 1# Oxidation Tower for 20min delignification reaction, after which to be
heated to 100℃ and sent to 2# Medium-Concentration Mixer where it is mixed with
oxygen and then sent to 2# Oxidation Tower for further delignification reaction lasting about 60min. After reaction, the pulp is sent to a 2-phase Grade I Pressure Screen for sealed screening and then sent to a 3-Stage Vacuum Washer for countercurrent washing.
In Extraction and Screening Unit, hot water is used at 3# Pulp Washer and Screen, the
filtrate is pumped into 1# and 2# Vacuum Washer for countercurrent washing, while the filtrate from 1# Vacuum Washer is pumped into the 3-Stage Vacuum Washer for countercurrent washing, the filtrate from 1# Vacuum Washer generated during extraction is pumped into the Double-Roller Pulp Squeezer and Sprayer.
The parameters used for the main processes of the Extraction and Screening Unit are listed in Table 3.2.3.
Table 3.2.3 List of Parameters Used for Extraction and Screening Processes
No. Item Unit Quantity Remarks
1 Concentration of pulp fed
into Knotter % 1.5-3
2 Delignification
3 Residence time in 1#
Reaction Tower during min. 20
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No. Item Unit Quantity Remarks
Process O
4
Reaction temperature in
1# Reaction Tower during
Process O
85
5
Pressure at top of 1#
Reaction Tower during
Process O
MPa 0.7 1.0
6
Residence time in 2#
Reaction Tower during
Process O
min. 60
7
Reaction temperature in
2# Reaction Tower during
Process O
100
8
Pressure at top of 2#
Reaction Tower during
Process O
MPa 0.3~0.5
9 NaOH consumption
during Process O2 % 2.00
Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into
the Unit, calculated at 100% NaOH
10 MgSO4 consumption
during Process O2 % 0.50
Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into
the Unit, calculated at 100% MgSO4
11 Oxygen consumption
during O2 % 1.50
Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into
the Unit, calculated at 100% O2
12 Loss during
delignification process % 3.00 Relative to pulp fed into the Unit
13
Total ratio of slag
collection for Screening
System
% 1.50 Relative to pulp fed into the Unit
4. Bleaching Unit
The screened pulp from the Vacuum Washer is pumped into Process D0 for heating and mixing with chlorine dioxide and then pumped into D0 Bleaching Tower for 60min reaction, after which be sent to D0 Vacuum Washer for washing. The pulp after D0 washing is pumped into Process EOP for heating and mixing with H2O2, NaOH and
O2 and then be pumped into EOP Upflow Tower for 30min reaction, after which is sent to EOP Downflow Tower for 90min reaction. After reaction, the pulp is pumped into EOP Vacuum Washer for washing, the washed pulp is then pumped into Process D1 for heating and mixing with ClO2 and then be pumped into D1 Upflow Tower for 60min reaction, after which be sent to D1 Downflow Tower for 135min reaction. After reaction, the pulp is pumped into D1 Vacuum Washer for washing, the washed pulp is then pumped into Process D2 for heating and mixing with ClO2 and then be pumped into D2 Upflow Tower for 60min reaction, after which be sent to D2 Downflow Tower for 135min reaction. After reaction, the pulp is pumped into D2 Vacuum Washer for washing, the bleached wheat straw pulp is then pumped into the Pulp Storage Tower
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for storage. Diluted white water from the White Water Recovery Room is used for washing D2 Vacuum Washer and Screen, the filtrate is sent to D1 Pulp Squeezer for countercurrent washing. Hot water is used for washing D0 and EOP Vacuum Washers and Screens, the filtrate from Processes D0, EOP and D1 is partly used for pre-washing pulp dilution with the rest sent to the Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment. The
parameters used for the main processes of the Bleaching Unit are listed in Table 3.2.4.
For the improvement of the bleaching technology, ECF/TCF is the prior option for its function of dioxin emission control, and the efficiency of dioxin emission reduction by ECF is relatively better for wood pulp making process. As to the emission reduction of other pollutants, the study on non-wood ECF bleaching technology showed that: Compared with traditional CEH bleaching, ECF bleaching of the alkali wheat straw pulp, such as DQP and D(EOP)D, is capable of reducing the wastewater’s environmental pollution degree, the discharge of CODcr, BOD5 and AOX is reduced by 30%~50%, 70% and 80~85% respectively.
For reform of the CEH bleaching process, it is proved that ECF is more applicable
than TCF. The steps needed include the installation of ClO2 generation unit and the corrosion prevention reform on the existing facilities. On the contrary, if TCF is adopted for pulp bleaching, then complicated reconstruction should be carried out based on detailed analysis on the current situation of all the Company’s buildings. The process operation and maintenance after ECF reform would be easier and more adaptable according to the actual operation, such as to adjust the operation conditions based on different quality requirements for bleached pulp.
As described above, ECF is more applicable for the implementation of the reformed process under the Project background. Besides the reduction of dioxin pollution, it
will bring better effects of normal organic pollutants and AOX pollution control. Therefore, it is recommended that ECF process be considered as the best option for bleaching process reform. The advantages and disadvantages of both TCF and ECF technologies are listed in Table 3.2.5.
Table 3.2.4 Parameters Used for Main Processes of Bleaching Unit
No. Item Unit Quantity Remarks
1
Total consumption of
effective chlorine for
bleaching
kg/t 52.60 Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into the
Unit
2 Total consumption of
ClO2 for bleaching kg/t 20.00
Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into the
Unit, calculated at 100% ClO2
3 Total loss during
bleaching % 6.00 Relative to pulp fed into the Unit
4
Consumption of
effective chlorine for
Process D0
kg/t 33.00
Calculation of effective chlorine
consumption, relative to absolute dry
pulp fed into the Unit
5
Consumption of
effective ClO2 for
Process D0
kg/t 12.50 Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into the
Unit, calculated at 100% ClO2
6 D0 residence time min. 60
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No. Item Unit Quantity Remarks
7 D0 reaction
temperature 70
8 pH value for Process
D0 1.5 2.5
9 NaOH consumption
for Process EOP % 2.40
Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into the
Unit, calculated at 100% NaOH
10 H2O2 consumption for
Process EOP % 1.00
Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into the
Unit, calculated at 100% H2O2
11 O2 consumption for
Process EOP % 1.50
Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into the
Unit, calculated at 100% O2
12 EOP residence time min. (30+90) Upflow residence time: 30min,
downflow residence time: 90min.
13 EOP reaction
temperature 70
14 pH value for Process
EOP 10.5 11.5
15
Consumption of
effective chlorine for
Process D1
kg/t 12.60
Calculation of effective chlorine
consumption, relative to absolute dry
pulp fed into the Unit
16 ClO2 consumption for
Process D1 kg/t 4.80
Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into the
Unit, calculated at 100% ClO2
17 D1 residence time min. (60+135) Upflow residence time: 60min,
downflow residence time: 135min.
18
Consumption of
effective chlorine for
Process D2
kg/t 12.60
Calculation of effective chlorine
consumption, relative to absolute dry
pulp fed into the Unit
19 ClO2 consumption for
Process D2 kg/t 4.80
Relative to absolute dry pulp fed into the
Unit, calculated at 100% ClO2
20 D2 residence time min. (60+135) Upflow residence time: 60min,
downflow residence time: 135min.
Table 3.2.5 Advantages & Disadvantages of TCF / ECF
Total Chlorine Free (TCF): OQP/OPQP Element Chlorine Free (ECF):
DED/DEDP/ODED
Advantages Advantages
Simple and adaptive process flow, easy for
adjustment of process parameters
Simple and adaptive process flow, easy for
adjustment of process parameters
No generation of AOX
Countercurrent washing is practical, all
wastewater from delignification be sent to Alkali
Recovery Unit for reducing water consumption
and wastewater discharge, pollution load
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Total Chlorine Free (TCF): OQP/OPQP Element Chlorine Free (ECF):
DED/DEDP/ODED
alleviated
Countercurrent washing is practical, all
wastewater from delignification be sent to
Alkali Recovery Unit for reducing water
consumption and wastewater discharge,
pollution load alleviated
Better quality of bleached pulp, high whiteness
( 85% ISO) achieved due to effective chlorine
dioxide delignification
Better quality of bleached pulp, higher
whiteness than CEH bleaching ( 80% ISO),
lower value of YI yellow index
Much lower operation cost than TCF and
resultant lower overall cost for a long term
Less investment due to domestic
manufacturing of all equipments with no need
to import from abroad
In case of new construction of a pulp making
plant but not the upgrading and reconstruction of
a traditional CEH unit, ECF is proved to be more
applicable than TCF due to its only need for
installation of ClO2 equipment and reform of
existing facilities
Disadvantages Disadvantages
Higher expenses (direct cost) of bleaching
chemicals, one of which is higher price of
hydrogen peroxide from 800yuan/t to
1200yuan/t (27.5%)
Equipment investment is much higher than that
of TCF process, approx. RMB30,000,000 higher
according to current practice
For long-term (e.g., 10-year) operation
period, the overall cost of TCF is higher than
that of ECF
Production system of chlorine dioxide is relied on
import of equipments, domestic equipments have
just entered into the market
In case of new construction of a pulp making
plant but not the upgrading and reconstruction
of a traditional CEH unit, TCF can not inherit
the original equipments of CEH production
line, in addition to the complicated and
detailed analysis to be conducted on the
current situation of the existing facilities
previous to reconstruction
The existing industrial preparation system can
only produce chlorine dioxide (R6 Method)
containing 5%~10% of Cl2, in addition to the
existence of AOX in wastewater from bleaching
process
The process flow and pollution points of Pulp Making System are shown in Figure 3.2.1.
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Noise, Dust, Straw Chips
Noise Sludge
Wastewater Slag
Backflow Blades
Solution
Steam
Waste Gas & Noise
Coarse Pulp
Black Liquid
NaOH
O2
Pulp Slag
Wastewater
H2O2
NaOH Wastewater
O2
Wastewater Chlorine Dioxide
Chlorine Dioxide Wastewater
Finished
Pulp
Figure 3.2.1 Process Flow and Pollution Points of Pulp Making System
Wheat Straw
Straw Cutter
Hydraulic Straw Washer
Helix Dehydrator
Feedback Helix Belt
Conveyor
Helix Feeder
Continuous Cooking T-
Tube
Spray Tank
Delignification Tower
Stage 1 Pressure Screen
Vacuum Pulp Washer
Eop Reaction Tower
Vacuum Pulp Washer
D2 Bleaching Tower
Vacuum Pulp Washer
Double-Roller Pulp Squeezer
1-3# Vacuum Pulp Washer
Circulation Water Tank
Double-Direction Rotary Screen
Pulp Storage Tower Paper Machine Room
Vacuum Pulp Washer
D1 Bleaching Tower
Vacuum Pulp Washer
D0 Bleaching Tower
Stage 2 Pressure Screen
Evaporation Unit
(Alkali Recovery)
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3.2.1.2Evaporation Unit of Alkali Recovery System
As planned for the Project construction, an extra 7000m2 evaporation area shall be
added to the existing Alkali Recovery System, the Evaporation Process mainly involves the countercurrent evaporation of 10% concentration black liquid from the Extraction Unit of Pulp Making System to increase into 48%.
The flow of black liquid at the Evaporation Unit is a complete countercurrent process, the black liquid enters in turn into IV-Effect Board-Type Falling Film Evaporator → V-Effect Board-Type Falling Film Evaporator → IV-Effect Board-Type Falling Film
Evaporator → III-Effect Board-Type Falling Film Evaporator → II-Effect Board-Type Falling Film Evaporator → I-Effect Board-Type Falling Film Evaporator, finally from the I-Effect Concentration Black Liquid Flash Evaporator to the Concentration Black Liquid Tank for storage. Complete Board-Type Evaporator is capable of effectively improving the evaporation efficiency and simplifying the processes and reducing the utilization of technological equipments, so as to effectively make use of the temperature difference in the Evaporation Unit and maximize the evaporation capacity.
The evaporation process adopted at the Evaporation Unit is I → II → III → IV → V → IV-Effect, where the secondary steam generated during the final effect is to be
condensed by the Board-Shape condenser; except for the use of fresh steam as thermal power for the I-Effect evaporator, the rest evaporators use secondary steam as thermal power.
The clean condensed water generated from I-Effect is sent back to the boiler room, the rest unclean condensed water generated from the rest effects is sent to the final effect for flash evaporation, and the secondary steam generated shall be used as additional thermal power for the next effect evaporator.
The process flow and pollution points of the Evaporation Unit of the Alkali Recovery System are illustrated in Figure 3.2.2.
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Figure 3.2.2 Process Flow and Pollution Points of the Newly Constructed Evaporation Unit
of Alkali Recovery System
Contaminated Condensate Water
Steam
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Material Preparation
(Pulp Making Room) White Sludge Washing
(Causticization Unit)
Board-Type Condenser Diluted Black Liquid
Storage Tank
VI-Effect Evaporator
V-Effect Evaporator
IV-Effect Evaporator
III-Effect Evaporator
II-Effect Evaporator
I-Effect Evaporator
Concentrated Black
Liquid Flash Evaporator
Flash Evaporator
Concentrated Black
Liquid Tank
Rotary-Plate Evaporator
Flash Evaporator
Flash Evaporator
Diluted Black Liquid
(Pulp Making Unit)
Flash Evaporator
Flash Evaporator
Flash Evaporator
Incineration at Alkali Recovery Boiler
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3.2.1.3Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Unit
The production capacity of the Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Unit adopted in the Project is 4t/d. The method for chlorine dioxide preparation is R8 Method, by which sodium chlorate is used as the raw material and sulfuric acid and methanol as reagent
to reduce the sodium chlorate into the gaseous chlorine dioxide.
The impurity-free sodium chlorate, methanol and sulfuric acid solution, mixed with fixed proportions, is fed into the Generator, which operates under certain temperature and pressure, with a Mother Liquid Circulation Pump pumping the mother liquid circulating between the Generator and the Reboiler, the sodium chlorate solution is added through the inlet of the Axial Flow Pump, sulfuric acid and methanol are added through the exit of the Reboiler, after which ClO2 and acid mirabilite are generated through reduction reaction. The steam from the water evaporation inside the Unit is used as the diluent of ClO2. The mixed gas of ClO2 from the exhaust pipe of the Generator enters into the Indirect Cooler where steam is mostly condensed so that the
concentration of ClO2 is improved. The cooled gas of ClO2 enters into the Absorption
Tower where it is absorbed by chilled water (7.2 ), the flow rate of the chilled water
may be adjusted to get the ClO2 solution with needed concentration (10g/L). The exhaust gas, with ClO2 recovered at the Gas Washing Tower, is released to the air. The byproduct of mirabilite soliquoid is pumped into the Hydraulic Cyclone Separator and Drum-Type Vacuum Filter to get the crystal mirabilite, while the mother liquid and the filtrate are sent back to the Generator. The crystal mirabilite falls into the Solution Tank, where it is dissolved by hot water to get saturated
solution, then be pumped into the Black Liquid Recovery Unit of the Alkali Recovery System. The main reaction process flow and pollution points of the Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Unit are illustrated in Figure 3.2.3.
3NaClO3+2H2SO4+2/3CH3OH→3ClO2+Na3H(SO4)2+7/3H2O+1/6CO2+1/2HCOOH
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Figure 3.2.3 Process Flow and Pollution Points of Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Unit
3.2.1.4Reform of Sealed Screening Unit of 2# Pulp Making System
The reform of sealed screening process is based on the productivity of 2# Pulp Making System, the original open screening and purification system’s equipments such as the Vibration Screen, CX Centrifugal Screen and Slag Remover are replaced by sealed screening equipments, such as Pressure Screen, Knotter, High-Concentration Sand Remover, etc. The main parameters used for reform are listed in Table 3.2.6.
Table 3.2.6 Production Parameters for Sealed Screening Unit of 2# Pulp Making System
No. Item Unit Rate Remarks
1 Process I Pressure Screen
2 Pulp concentration % 1.0-2.0
3 Slag collection rate % 20-30
4 Process II Pressure Screen
5 Pulp concentration % 1.0-2.0
Na2SO4
Mother Liquid
Mirabilite Crystal
Chilled Water Exhaust
Gas
NaClO3 Storage Tank Material Supply Pump
Re-boiler
Chlorine Dioxide Reactor
H2SO4 Storage Tank
Methanol Storage Tank
Hydraulic Cyclone Fan
Vacuum Filter Indirect Condenser
Alkali Recovery Unit
Chlorine Dioxide
Absorption Tower
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6 Slag collection rate % 20-30
3.2.2Public Utilities
1. Water Supply Facilities
After the Project construction, the average daily water consumption shall be 19046m3,
which is mainly provided by the self-provided wells, the Company is capable of supplying self-use water. According to the planned Project, the specific water consumption of each workshop is shown in Table 3.2.7.
Table 3.2.7 Data Sheet of Water Consumption of the Planned Project
No. Item
Fresh Water
Consumption
(m3/t)
m3/h m
3/d
1 Pulp Making Room 80 333 8000
2 Evaporation Unit of Alkali Recovery System / 134 3210
3 Water consumption for domestic use / 4 96
4 Subtotal / 471 11306
After being pumped up from the deep wells, the water goes through a Cyclone Desander for removing the sand, then it is filled into the Water Tank for sedimentation and filtration, then be pumped by a Pressure Pump into the water supply pipelines for production use and domestic use.
2. Drainage Works
The wastewater generation during the production is mainly from the middle-stage water of the Extraction and Screening Unit and the Bleaching Unit, as well as some contaminated condensate water from the Alkali Recovery Room and sewage water from domestic use, all of which shall be sent to the Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment and then up-to-standard discharge.
The data on the planned Project’s wastewater discharge are listed in Table 3.2.8.
Table 3.2.8 Data Sheet of Wastewater Discharge
No. Item m3/h m
3/d
1 Pulp Making Room 361 8680
2 Evaporation Unit of
Alkali Recovery System 83
2000 (in which 460m3 is sent to
Wastewater Treatment Plant)
3 Sewage water from
domestic use 3.3 80
4 Subtotal 448 10760 (Wastewater Treatment Plant)
3. Steam and Power Consumption
The supply of steam and power for the Project construction comes from the self-built Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, the existing Boilers and the new one under construction are capable of supplying the water needed for the planned Project
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construction.
Steam Supply
The increase of steam consumption due to the planned Project construction is 21.3t/h, mainly by the Cooking Unit of the Pulp Making System and east section of
Evaporation Unit of the Alkali Recovery System, all supplied by the Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler. The thermal loads of each workshop of the planned Project are listed in Table 3.2.9.
Table 3.2.9 Data Sheet of Thermal Loads of the Planned Project
Steam Consumption Load
No. Item Steam
Consumption (t/h)
Pressure (Mpa)
1 Pulp Making Room 12.5 0.7
2 Alkali Recovery Room 7.5 0.7
3 Pipelines thermal loss 1.3 0.7
4 Total 21.3 0.7
Power Supply
The data on power consumption by the planned Project construction are listed in Table 3.2.10.
Table 3.2.10 Data Sheet of Power Consumption by the Planned Project Construction
No. Item
Power
Consumption
(KWH/t)
Power
Consumption Load
(KWH/d)
1 Pulp Making Room 550 55000
2 Alkali Recovery Room 450 9720
3 Chemicals Preparation Room 30 3000
6 Subtotal / 67720
4) Balance of Water, Steam and Power Consumption after the Planned
Project Construction
3.3.1Balance of Steam Consumption
Table 3.3.1 shows the data on steam consumption by the Plant after the planned Project construction is finished.
Table 3.3.2 shows the data on steam supply by the Boilers.
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Table 3.3.1 Data Sheet of Steam Consumption by the Plant
Steam Consumption
Parameter No. Steam Consumption Units
Pressure
(Mpa)
Temperature
( )
Average Steam
Consumption Load
(t/h)
Remarks
1 1# Pulp Making Room 0.7 220.0 0 Closed
2 2# Pulp Making Room 0.7 220.0 /
All the
calculations
are in
planned
project
3 3# Pulp Making Room 0.7 220.0 0 Closed
4 Deinked Paper Pulp
Making Room 0.35 180.0 4.2
5 1# Copperplate Paper
Machine Room 0.45 200.0 2.5
6 2640 Workshop 0.45 200.0 19.2
7 13# Paper Machine Room 0.45 200.0 5.6
8 12# Paper Machine Room 0.45 200.0 10.7
9 11# Paper Machine Room 0.45 200.0 11.4
10 10# Paper Machine Room 0.45 200.0 7.8
11 9# Paper Machine Room 0.45 200.0 6.1
12 8# Paper Machine Room 0.4 190.0 5.1
13 7# Paper Machine Room 0.4 190.0 / Closed
14 6# Paper Machine Room 0.4 190.0 7.6
15 5# Paper Machine Room 0.4 190.0 3.6
16 4# Paper Machine Room 0.4 190.0 / Closed
17 3# Paper Machine Room 0.4 190.0 / Closed
18 2# Paper Machine Room 0.4 190.0 / Closed
19 1# Paper Machine Room 0.4 190.0 3.0
20 Alkali Recovery System 0.5 210 18.5
21
Special Paper Machine
Room (under
construction)
0.4 190.0 11.6
22 68,000t/a Project / / 25
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(planned construction)
Total / / 143.2
Table 3.3.2 Data Sheet of Steam Supply by Boilers
Steam Supply Boiler (t/h) 5×75t/h
Total Load (t/h) 300t/h
Quantity of air drawing from Extraction
Condensing Unit I 54.5
Quantity of air drawing from Extraction
Condensing Unit II 56.7
Self-use steam 6
Steam consumption by High Pressure
Heater 15
Steam consumption by deoxidizer 15
Pipeline transportation loss 6.1
Steam Consumption
Subtotal 153.3
Steam Supply 146.7
The data showed that the Plant’s 5 sets of 75t/h Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers can meet the demand of steam by all projects for normal production.
3.3.2Balance of Power Consumption
Table 3.3.3 shows the data on the load of power consumption by the Plant after the planned Project construction is finished.
Table 3.3.3 Data Sheet of Power Consumption Load by the Plant
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No. Power Consumption Units
Installed
Capacity
(KW)
Power
Consumption
Load
(KWH/d)
Voltage
(V) Remarks
1 1# Pulp Making Room 3524 / 385 Closed
2 2# Pulp Making Room 4842 28172.5 385
3 3# Pulp Making Room 2473 / 385 Closed
4 Deinked Paper Pulp
Making Room 4133 50000 385
5 1# Copperplate Paper
Machine Room 1930 3300 385
6 2640 Workshop 15975 132553 385
7 13# Paper Machine Room 2691 25339 385
8 12# Paper Machine Room 7715 53790 385
9 11# Paper Machine Room 8073 45392 385
10 10# Paper Machine Room 5453 37462 385
11 9# Paper Machine Room 3227 26830 385
12 8# Paper Machine Room 2666 21002 385
13 7# Paper Machine Room 1035 / 385 Closed
14 6# Paper Machine Room 3400 30047 385
15 5# Paper Machine Room 1582 10780 385
16 4# Paper Machine Room 1165 / 385 Closed
17 3# Paper Machine Room 1500 / 385 Closed
18 2# Paper Machine Room 785 / 385 Closed
19 1# Paper Machine Room 3267 14272 385
20 Alkali Recovery System 3684 23330 385
21 Wastewater Treatment
System 2650 15980 385
22 Water Supply System 4638 28304 385
23
Special Paper Machine
Room (under
construction)
/ 44117 385
24 68,000t/a Project
(planned construction) / 67720 385
Total 658390
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After the planned Project construction is finished, the Plant’s power consumption shall be 223,850,000KWH/a, and the Plant’s power generation capacity is 240,000,000KWH/a, which is sufficient for meeting the Plant’s power demand.
3.3.3Balance of Water Consumption
Table 3.3.4Table 3.34.Table 3.34. shows the data on water consumption by the Plant after the planned Project construction is finished.
Table 3.34.4 Data Sheet of Water Consumption by the Plant
Water Consumption No.
Water Consumption
Units m3/h m
3/d
Remarks
1 1# Pulp Making Room / / Closed
2 2# Pulp Making Room / /
All included in the planned
Project
3 3# Pulp Making Room / / Closed
4 Deinked Paper Pulp
Making Room 270 6500
5 1# Copperplate Paper
Machine Room 5 120
6 2640 Workshop 133 3182
7 13# Paper Machine
Room 31 755
8 12# Paper Machine
Room 41 994
9 11# Paper Machine
Room 51 1218
10 10# Paper Machine
Room 45 1081
11 9# Paper Machine Room 78 1867
12 8# Paper Machine Room 18 440
13 7# Paper Machine Room / / Closed
14 6# Paper Machine Room 27 644
15 5# Paper Machine Room 21 513
16 4# Paper Machine Room / / Closed
17 3# Paper Machine Room / / Closed
18 2# Paper Machine Room / / Closed
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19 1# Paper Machine Room 22 524
20 Alkali Recovery System 134 3210
21
Additional water
supply for Boiler use
and circulation
cooling water 340 8166
22 Water consumption
for domestic use 23 546
23
Special Paper
Machine Room (under
construction) 122.5 2941
24 68,000t/a Project
(planned construction) 333 8000
25 Total 1696 40701
Table 3.3.5 shows the data on wastewater discharge from the Plant after the planned Project construction is finished.
Table 3.3.5 Data Sheet of Wastewater Discharge from the Plant
Wastewater Discharge No.
Wastewater Discharge
Units m3/h m
3/d
Discharged To
1 1# Pulp Making Room / / Closed
2 2# Pulp Making Room / /
All included in the planned
Project
3 3# Pulp Making Room / / Closed
4 Deinked Paper Pulp
Making Room 133 3200
Wastewater Treatment
Plant
5 1# Copperplate Paper
Machine Room 0.3 8
White Water Recovery
Room
6 2640 Workshop 177.5 4260
White Water Recovery
Room
7 13# Paper Machine
Room
89.3 2142 White Water Recovery
Room
8 12# Paper Machine
Room
81.5 2195 White Water Recovery
Room
9 11# Paper Machine
Room
98.1 2355 White Water Recovery
Room
10 10# Paper Machine 91.5 2195 White Water Recovery
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Room Room
11 9# Paper Machine Room 0.0 Wastewater Treatment
Plant
12 8# Paper Machine Room 77.2 1853 White Water Recovery
Room
13 7# Paper Machine Room / / Closed
14 6# Paper Machine Room 55.1 1322 White Water Recovery
Room
15 5# Paper Machine Room 55.0 1321 White Water Recovery
Room
16 4# Paper Machine Room / / Closed
17 3# Paper Machine Room / / Closed
18 2# Paper Machine Room / / Closed
19 1# Paper Machine Room 55.1 1322
White Water Recovery
Room
20 Alkali Recovery System 83 2000
In which 460m3 is
discharged to Wastewater
Treatment Plant
21 Sewage water from
domestic use 20 480
Wastewater Treatment
Plant
22
Wastewater from
Boiler use and
circulation cooling
water 81 1952
Wastewater Treatment
Plant
23 Special Paper
Machine Room 141 3382
Wastewater Treatment
Room
24
Wastewater from
White Water Recover
Room 191 14702
Wastewater Treatment
Room
25 68,000t/a Project
(planned construction) 784 8680
Wastewater Treatment
Plant
Total 1509 36220
Wastewater Treatment
Plant
Figure 3.3.1 shows the balance relationship of water and steam consumption as well as wastewater discharge by the Plant after the planned Project construction is finished.
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Figure 3.3.1 Flow Chart of the Plant’’’’s Water and Steam Balance after the Planned Project Construction
Steam Treated White Water
Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp Making System
Fresh Water
100 6500
4271
Evaporation & Slag
Removal Loss 585 Pulp Additional Water 8270
2114 12412
Alkali Recovery Room
White Water Recycle Room
White Water
18973
Evaporation Loss & Product 441
Wastewater Treatment Plant
3210
444 Loss220
3168
4294
21518
14400
8680
Water Supply Room
Domestic Life, etc.
546
Thermal Power Plant &
Circulation Cooling Water
Waste Paper Pulp Paper Making System
3404
1867
Loss 2810 46751
Loss 189
146
8166
Loss 66
1824 2000
1952
480
Cultural Paper Room (Copperplate)
Condensate Water 308
Up-to-standard Wastewater Discharge 36220
14702
Deinked Pulp Making Room
600 8000
3200
3282
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5) Pollutants Discharge from the Planned Project Construction
The discharge of main pollutants caused by the planned Project construction is shown in Table Table 3.4.1.
Table 3.4.1 List of the Planned Project’s Pollution Sources and Pollutants Discharge
No. Workshop/Process Pollutants Discharge
1 Material Preparation
Room Wheat straw chips, dust, equipment noise, etc.
2 Pulp Making Room Middle-stage wastewater, Sprayer exhaust gas,
equipment noise, pulp slag, etc.
3 Alkali Recovery
Room
Contaminated condensate water, equipment noise,
white sludge, green sludge, lime mud
4 Wastewater
Treatment Plant Stink substance, equipment noise, sludge
5 Chemicals
Preparation Room Exhaust gas from chlorine dioxide washing
3.4.1Wastewater Discharge and Control Measures
The wastewater from the planned Project construction is sent to the reconstructed Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment, the final discharge of treated water, after going through the processes of Primary Sedimentation Tank + Hydrolytic Acidification + Adjustment Tank + Separation Tank + Aeration Tank + Secondary Sedimentation Tank + Coagulating Sedimentation + Filtration Tank + Aeration Biological Filtration Tank, shall meet the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008)and then be filled into the oxidation pond of enterprise. The process of wastewater treatment after reconstruction is illustrated in Figure 3.4.1.
Data on wastewater discharge from the Plant and the planned Project construction are
listed in Table 3.4.2.
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Figure 3.4.1 Process Flow of the Wastewater Treatment Plant after Reconstruction
Solid Waste
Sludge
P, N
Flocculant
Sludge
Up-to-standard Wastewater
Wastewater
Grate
Water Collection
Primary Sedimentation
Adjustment Tank
Separation Tank
Aeration Tank
Secondary Sedimentation Tank
Condensation Tank
Oxidation Pool
Forest Base
Sludge Storage
Tank
Condensation Dehydrator
Comprehensive Use of Sludge
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Table 3.4.2 Data Sheet of Wastewater Discharge from the Plant and the Planned Project Construction
CODcr BOD5 SS Ammonia
Nitrogen
Total
Phosphor AOX Dioxin
Type Production Line
Wastewate
r
Discharge
(m3/d)
pH
mg/L t/d mg/
L t/d
mg/
L t/d mg/L t/d
mg/
L t/d
mg/
L t/d
pgTEQ/
L
Middle-stage
wastewater from Pulp
Making Room
6809 6-9 1560 10.62 400 2.72 420 2.86 / / / / / / 陶12
Contaminated
Condensate Water
from Alkali Recovery
Room
2000 6-9 700 1.40 200 0.40 350 0.70 / / / / / / /
Wastewater
discharge
from
planned
Project
construction Sewage water from
domestic use 80 6-9 500 0.04 300 0.02 200 0.02 / / / / / / /
Deinked Pulp
Making Room 3200 6-9 2100 6.72 800 2.56 800 2.56 / / / / / /
Board Paper Machine
Room 1824 6-9 900 1.64 300 0.55 700 1.28 / / / / / /
Wastewater
discharge
from
existing
project
Sewage water from
domestic use 400 6-9 500 0.20 300 0.12 200 0.08 / / / / / /
/
/
/
/
/
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Wastewater from
White Water
Recovery Room
12573 6-9 1200 15.09 600 7.54 500 6.29 / / / / / /
Special Paper
Machine Room 3382 6-9 950 3.21 400 1.35 500 1.69 / / / / / /
Wastewater from
Boiler use and
circulation cooling
water
1952 6-9 40 0.08 15 0.03 50 0.10 / / / / / / /
Wastewater Treatment
Plant inlets 32220 8.42 1210 39.00 475 15.30 483 15.57 9.15 0.29 / / / / /
Wastewater Treatment
Plant outlets 32220 8.42 81 2.61 18 0.58 25 0.81 3.61 0.12 0.2
0.0
1 陶12 陶0.4 /
Wastewater
discharge
from the Plant
Control standards / 6-9 90 / 20 / 30 / 8 / 0.8 / 12 / /
Note: Wastewater discharged from Wastewater Treatment Plant outlets should meet the “Pollutants Discharge Standard for Paper Industry”
(GB3544-2008), i.e., CODcr 490mg/L, BOD5 20mg/L, SS 30mg/L, AOX 12mg/L, dioxin 30pgTEQ/L (outlets of workshops or production
units); after further treatment in Oxidation Pool .
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3.4.2Waste Gas Emission and Control Measures
Flue Gas from Alkali Recovery Boiler
The Evaporation Unit is the only one added to the Alkali Recovery System, the emission of dust and SO2 after incineration of the black liquid shall be able to meet the Level II standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric
Pollutants for Industrial Boiler and Kiln” (GB9078-1996), i.e., dust 200 mg/Nm3,
SO2 850 mg/Nm3.
Wheat Straw Chips and Dust
After the collection of dust by a Cavel Dust Collector at the Wheat Straw Preparation Room, the wheat straw chips and dust shall be sent to the Dust Tank for temporary storage, then be transported to the Forest Base for comprehensive use.
Waste Gas from Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Unit
The technology reform is for the production of chlorine dioxide based on R8 Method, it is easy to operate and adapt, because the process flow is simple and the equipments are mature, the emission of exhaust gas from the Chlorine Dioxide
Absorption Tower is negligible because of the washing process, so basically no pollutant is generated during the process of chlorine dioxide preparation.
Fugitive Emission of Exhaust Gas
The coal storage site is an open facility where water spray method is used for dust reduction. Stink substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia may also be generated at the Wastewater Treatment Plant.
Waste Gas from Cooking Process
A small amount of stink gas may come from the process of pulp cooking, to reduce the emission of such stink gas, a waste heat recovery device may be installed in the
Sprayer Unit, by which the wastewater is collected and sent directly to the Pulp Making System, with the temperature falling down, the impact of stink gas spray may be reduced effectively.
Source Intensity of Abnormal Emission
The abnormal emission happens if there is a failure happens to the Electrostatic Dust Collector of the Alkali Recovery System when the set rate of dust collection drops to 90%. The data on the emission of atmospheric pollutants from the planned Project construction and the Plant are listed in Table 3.4.3.
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Table 3.4.3 Data Sheet of Generation and Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants by the
Planned Project Construction
Pollution
Source Flue Gas Dust Sulfur Dioxide NOx
Alkali
Recovery
Boiler
Flue Gas
Emission
(×104Nm
3/h)
Emission
Volume
(kg/h)
Concentra
tion
(mg/Nm3)
Emission
Volume
(kg/h)
Concentra
tion
(mg/Nm3)
Emission
Volume
(kg/h)
Concentra
tion
(mg/Nm3)
Normal
emission
(newly
increased
volume)
2.31 3.81 165 3.47 150 4.62 200
Final
emission 4.71 7.77 165 7.07 150 9.42 200
Accidental
emission 4.71 77.72 1650 7.07 150 9.42 200
Note: In case of an accident, the efficiency of dust collection at Alkali Recovery
Boiler drops from 99% to 90%.
3.4.3Solid Waste Generation and Control Measures
The generation of solid waste from the planned Project construction mainly includes: wheat straw chips and dust from the Material Preparation Room, slag from the Pulp Making Unit, white sludge, green sludge and lime mud from the Alkali Recovery System, as well as sludge from the Wastewater Treatment Plant.
The generation of solid waste at each workshop and the treatment measures are listed in Table 3.4.4.
Table 3.4.4 Generation of Solid Waste and Treatment Measures at Each Workshop
Type Source Volume
(t/a)
Treatment
Measures Discharge Remarks
Wheat straw
chips and dust
Material
Preparation Unit 9861.6
Stockpiled at
Forest Base as
fertilizer
0
Pulp slag Pulp Making
System 4800
Used for Paper
Machine Room 0 Dry basis
White sludge
Causticization
Unit of Alkali
Recovery
System
14899.6
Solid Waste
Stockpile, to be
used as
desulphurizer
0 Dry basis
Green sludge,
lime mud
Causticization
Unit of Alkali
Recovery
System
680 Mopanshan
Landfill Dry basis
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Type Source Volume
(t/a)
Treatment
Measures Discharge Remarks
Domestic
garbage Staff residence 200
Transported by
sanitary
department
0
Sludge from
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Wastewater
Treatment
System
39030 Forest Base
fertilizer 0
75% moisture
content
Total 69471.2
3.4.4Noise Generation and Control Measures
The main sources of noise generation from the planned Project construction include: Straw Cutter and Straw Shredder at the Material Preparation Unit and Pumps and Plate-Type Pulp Grinders. The main equipments generating noise and the noise levels are shown in Table 3.4.5.
Table 3.4.5 Data Sheet of Noise Generating Equipments and Noise Levels of the Planned
Project
Source No. Equipment Noise Level
dB(A) Quantity
1 Straw Cutter 85-90 3
2 Shredder 85-90 1
3 Circulation Pump 85-90 2
Material Preparation Room,
Continuous Cooking System,
Sealed Screening System
4 Water Pump 85.0-90.0 2
5 Black Liquid
Pump 84.0-88.0 2
6 Pulp Pump 84.0-88.0 2
7 Knotter 85.0-90.0 1
Reform of Sealed Screening
System
8 Pressure Screen 85.0-90.0 3
9 Pulp Pump 84.0-88.0 3
10 Chiller Pump 84.0-88.0 3 Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Unit
and Bleaching System 11
ClO2 Circulation
Pump 84.0-88.0 3
3.4.5Conformity with the pollution control measures as specified in the “Environment,
Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry”
A series of pollution control measures have been adopted during the Project implementation, and the degree of conformity with the pollution control measures specified in the “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry” is illustrated in Table 3.4.6.
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Table 3.4.6 Conformity of the Planned Projects Pollution Control Measures with Those of
the Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry
No. “Environment, Health and Safety
Guidelines for Paper Industry” Pollution Control Measures of the
Planned Project
Delignification prior to bleaching Delignification process added previous to Bleaching Unit
Effective pulp washing before bleaching
(Sulfate and Sulfite Pulp Plants) Sealed Washing and Screening Process
ECF/TCF for replacing ECF
Having realized ECF bleaching through
reform and significantly reduced the
impact of AOX and dioxin generated
during bleaching process
Reduce the use of element chlorine
through reducing repeated use of chlorine
adding chlorine dioxide into element
chlorine
Having realized the substitution of
liquid chlorine by chlorine dioxide
through reform
Eliminate the entrance of dioxin and
dibenzofuran into the bleaching process
through using additive or thorough
cleaning
Having reduced the entrance of dioxin
and dibenzofuran into the bleaching
process through sealed screening
Stop the use of materials contaminated by
polychlorophenol for pulp making No use of these substances
Collect and reuse leaked and spilled
cooking liquid
Having adopted measures for
eliminating the phenomenon of leaking
during cooking process, having
established emergency plan for
minimizing the damage caused by
waste liquid accident
Extract and reuse the condensate
substances from evaporation and
cooking equipments to eliminate the
generation of stink TRS (total reduced
sulfur) compounds (Sulfate and Sulfite
Pulp Plants)
Having adopted the technology of
waste heat recycle during spraying
process, for reduction of waste gas
emission
Recycle chemicals at Sulfate and Sulfite
Pulp Plants
Having adopted alkali recovery
technology for reuse of chemicals
1.1 Wastewater management
Reuse the white water from pulp making
unit, use Plate-Type Filter, Drum-Type
Filter or Minisize Flotation Screening
Device to recycle fibers, eliminate the
number of points where fresh water is
possibly leaked into the White Water
System
Having realized recycle of white water
generated from Paper Machine Room,
which has reduced the consumption of
fresh water
1.2 Wastewater Preliminary mechanical treatment: The wastewater from the planned
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treatment usually a mechanical Purification Tank or
Sedimentation Tank is used for removing
the floating solids from wastewater,
sometimes the Chemical Flocculation
Process is adopted as the auxiliary means
for removing the floating solids;
secondary treatment: biological treatment
technology is usually adopted by paper
plants that have higher volume of organic
pollutants discharge for removing toxic
compounds from wastewater, such as
resin acid and chlorine-containing
organisms. Different types and
combination of bio-treatment
technologies may be used. The most
common system includes Sludge
Treatment Method, Oxidation Pool
Method, various types of Biofiltration
Methods (combined with other methods),
Anaerobic Treatment Method (used prior
to anaerobic organisms treatment during
pretreatment process), which may be used
comprehensively for high efficiency
treatment. In addition, sometimes the
aeration period needs to be prolonged for
oxidation of resin and fatty acid to reduce
generation of bio-accumulated slag and
maintain a higher level of treatment;
Anaerobic Bio-treatment Method is
applicable for the treatment of pollutants
with higher BOD/COD and lower
contents of toxic substances, such as the
condensate water from sulfite pulp
making process, effluents from
mechanical pulp making and paper
recycle, and the residual purified
condensate water may be used for
reducing the total water consumption and
wastewater discharge.
Project construction is sent to the
reconstructed Wastewater Treatment
Plant for treatment, the final discharge
of treated water, after going through the
processes of Primary Sedimentation
Tank + Hydrolytic Acidification +
Adjustment Tank + Separation Tank +
Aeration Tank + Secondary
Sedimentation Tank + Coagulating
Sedimentation + Filtration Tank +
Aeration Biological Filtration Tank,
shall meet the “Discharge Standard of
Water Pollutants for Paper Industry”
(GB3544-2008) and then be filled into
the Company’s self-built Oxidation
Pool for mixing with the Yellow River
water, Used for agricultural irrigation.
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Bleached and unbleached Sulfate Pulp
Plant should collect the stink gas from
vents of all units during the black liquid
treatment process as well as unclean
brown pulp, part of washed brown pulp,
unbleached pulp and condensate
substances and conduct centralized
incineration, so as to realize complete
oxidation of the total reduced sulfur.
The total capacity of pulp production is
comparatively small, plus the use of
waste heat recycle device at the
spraying unit of pulp cooking process,
the emission of TRS gas has been
reduced
Under sensitive situation (e.g., close to
residential area), other incineration
facilities may be used as back-up unit for
the treatment of low-concentration TRS
gas. Recovery Boilers are first choice
Due to the small volume of pulp
production, the process of TRS recycle
and incineration is not adopted
2. Waste gas
management
In case the stink gas from Wastewater
Treatment Plant becomes serious,
oxygenic and active sludge may be used
for stink gas capture and incineration
The use of alkali recovery technology
has helped reduce the content of
organisms in wastewater before being
sent to the Wastewater Treatment
Plant; as to units producing stink gas
(such as Sludge Dehydration Room),
the method of “daily produce daily
cleaning” is effective
Waste gas
control at
Alkali
Recovery Unit
Previous to incineration inside the Alkali
Recovery Boiler, the black liquid should
be condensed by the Evaporator (for
Sulfate Pulp Plant) with more than 75%
space loaded with dry solids to reduce
sulfur emission
The evaporation unit of Alkali
Recovery System is effective in
improving the concentration of black
liquid and reducing sulfur dioxide
emission
To reduce sulfur emission, the
incineration parameters for Alkali
Recovery Boilers should be controlled,
including the Boiler temperature, air
supply, black liquid injection and Boiler
load, etc. (for Sulfate Pulp Plant)
Having adopted measures to control the
incineration parameters for Alkali
Recovery Boilers, the routine
monitoring results showed that the
emission of dust and SO2 has met the
Level II standard as specified in the
“Emission Standard of Atmospheric
Pollutants for Industrial Boiler and
Kiln” (B9078-1996)
3. Solid waste
Improve the rate of sludge dehydration to
facilitate the incineration (usually inside
the auxiliary boiler by using auxiliary
fuels)
After dehydration, the sludge is
transported to the Forest Base to be
used as fertilizer
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Lime mud (for Sulfate Pulp Plant) is
usually recycled inside the Plant, the
surplus may be used for acid soil
improvement or be buried
After the planned Project construction,
white sludge shall be used as wet-
method desulphurizer
Dehydrated green liquid sludge (for
Sulfate Pulp Plant) may be used as the
cover for solid waste landfill, or be used
as forest fertilizer (based on the analysis
on the nutrients and potential impact of
land use), or be used as neutralizer and
added into acid wastewater
A small part of green sludge and lime
mud is transported to the landfill for
safe disposal
Biological sludge may be incinerated with
fiber sludge or be dehydrated and
incinerated inside the Sulfate Pulp Plant,
or be mixed with other organic materials
and be used for soil improvement
Dehydrated sludge is transported to the
Forest Base to be used as fertilizer
3.4.6Calculation of Pollutants Discharge from the Planned Project Construction
Data on generation and emission of pollutants from the planned Project construction are listed in Table 3.4.Table 3.4.Table 3.4.7.
Table 3.4.7 Calculation of Pollutants Discharge from the Planned Project Construction
Contents Generation Reduction Discharge
I. Wastewater
1 Wastewater (10,000t/a) 302.23 0.00 302.23
2 CODcr (t/a) 4101.09 3856.29 244.80
3 BOD5 (t/a) 1070.18 1015.78 54.40
4 SS (t/a) 1215.77 1140.21 75.56
5 Ammonia Nitrogen (t/a) 27.65 16.74 10.91
II. Waste Gas
1 Waste gas
(10,000Nm3/a) 18849.60 0.00 18849.60
2 Dust (t/a) 310.90 279.81 31.09
3 SO2 (t/a) 28.32 0.00 28.32
4 NOx (t/a) 37.70 0.00 37.70
III. Solid Waste
1 General industrial waste
(t/a) 67931.6 67931.6 0
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3.4.7Calculation of Pollutants Discharge from the Plant (3 Accounts) as of the
Completion of the Planned Project Construction
Data on discharge of wastewater, waste gas after the planned Project construction are listed in Table 3.4.Table 3.4.8 ~ Table 3.4.Table 3.4.10
Table 3.4.8 Data Sheet of Wastewater Discharge from the Plant as of the Completion of
the planned Project
Wastewater
Discharge CODcr BOD5 SS
Ammonia
Nitrogen Discharge
Source ×10
4m
3/a mg/L t/a mg/L t/a mg/L t/a mg/L t/a
Existing
project and
ongoing
project
construction
1244.71 / 3954.69 / 1151.16 / 762.98 / 44.93
Planned
Project 302.23 / 244.80 / 54.40 / 75.56 / 10.91
“Old + New
Projects”
Reduction of
wastewater
discharge
451.45 / 3312.09 / 1008.36 / 563.14 / 15.04
After the
planned
Project
construction
is finished
1095.48 / 887.40 / 197.20 / 275.40 / 40.80
Table 3.4.9 Data Sheet of Waste Gas Emission from the Plant as of the Completion of the
planned Project
Emission Flue Gas Dust SO2 NOx
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mg/Nm3 t/a mg/Nm
3 t/a mg/Nm
3 t/a
Existing
project and
ongoing
project
construction
596251.20 / 199.69 / 621.36 / 1312.72
Planned
Project 18849.60 / 31.09 / 28.32 / 37.70
“Old + New
Projects”
Reduction of
wastewater
discharge
23419.20 / 38.03 / 32.44 / 46.84
After the
planned
Project
construction
is finished
591681.60 / 192.75 / 617.23 / 1303.58
Table 3.4.10 Data Sheet of Solid Waste Discharge from the Plant as of the Completion of
the planned Project
Item Source Generation
volume (t/a)
Treatment
Measures Emission Remarks
Wheat straw
chips and dust
Material
Preparation Unit 9861.6
Forest Base,
stockpiled as
fertilizer
0
Pulp Slag Pulp Making
Unit 4800
Used for Paper
Machine Room 0 Dry Basis
Deinked sludge Deinked Pulp
Unit 4000
Boiler
incineration 0 Dry Basis
White sludge
Causticization
Unit of Alkali
Recovery
System
14899.6
Solid Waste
Stockpile, to be
used as
desulphurizer
0 Dry Basis
Green sludge,
lime mud 680.0
Mopanshan
Landfill
Domestic
garbage Staff residence 3500
Transported by
sanitary
department
0
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Sludge from
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Wastewater
Treatment Plant 39030
Forest Base
fertilizer 0
75% moisture
content
Boiler ash Thermal
Power plant 86666.6
Comprehensive
use
Desulphurization
plaster
Flue Gas
Desulphurization
Tower
32700
Comprehensive
use by Cement
Plant
Total 94169 196137.8
4. Environmental Situation of Project Construction
Site
4.1 Geography Location
The proposed project is located in Zhongwei City of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Zhongwei City is in the mid-west of Ningxia and is in the bounded area of Ningxia, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Gansu Province. Also Zhongwei City is to the west of Wuzhong City, to the north of Guyuan City, bounded on the north by Alxa League of Inner Mongolia and on the west by Jingtai County of Gansu. The city is 166km away from Yinchuan City, 143km away from Wuzhong City and 241km from Guyuan City. Zhongwei covers a total area of 15743km
2 and locates
between 104°17′陶106°10′ E, and 36°09′陶37°43′ N.
The project is in the northeast of Meili Paper Products Co., Ltd of Rouyuan County, Zhongwei city, which is 7.5km east from Zhongwei City, to the west of No.109
Highway, 1.5km south from the main waterway of the Yellow River. The project is in Rouyuan County and covers an area of 2520 Mu (1 Mu=666.67m
2). All around the
project site are residents residing in Shimiao Village, Jiaqu Village, Rouyuan Village and Shaqu Village. The farmland around are all basic farmland.
The geography location of the proposed project is shown in Picture 2.1.1. The major environmental sensitive sites around the site are shown in Picture 1.6.1. The location of the site in the factory of the Paper Products Company is shown in Picture 4.1.1. The surroundings of the site is shown in Picture 4.1.2.
4.2 Natural Environment
4.2.1 Topography and Physiography
Zhongwei City is in the west of Weining Alluvial Plain. Generally the topography can be classified as: desert, alluvial plain of Yellow River, mountains, terrace and sloping lands. The assessment area is plain and open, slopes gently from the west to
the east. The slope averages 1%. This area is about 1197 1230m above sea level,
has the edge of Tengger desert in the northwest and loess hilly-gully region, mesa
for the rest part. It slopes gently towards the Yellow River, is a closed depression. The plain area covers about 8.3% of the total area, the hilly region covers 69.01%
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and the sand covers 22.69%. The plain is rather flat, while the hilly region has rather sharp undulations and the sand is mainly crescent dune chain and aeolian dunes.
The 1st, 2
nd, and 3
rd terraces of the Yellow River are distributed here. The 1
st terrace is
50-300m in width and 1085-1090m in ground elevation. The 2nd
terrace is 200-800m in width and 1100-1110m in ground elevation. The 3
rd terrace is 8-12m higher than
the 2nd
terrace.
4.2.2 Climate
The location of the proposed project belongs to the area of mid-temperate semiarid continental climate. It is in the inner land and close to the desert area with a typical continental desert climate which features in long, cold winter, hot summer, rare rain or snow, low precipitation, large amount of evaporation, strong wind with much sand, long-time of sunlight and large temperature difference between day and night. According to recent 30 years’ weather data (1971-2000) from Zhongwei Weather Station: yearly average hours of sunshine at this area is 2921.3 hours; yearly average
rainfall is 179.6 mm; yearly average evaporation is 1829.6 mm; yearly average
temperature is 8.8 ; the highest temperature is 37 ; the lowest temperature is -
29.2 ; the depth of frozen ground is 0.66m; yearly average wind speed is 2.2m/s;
yearly predominant wind direction is E (14%).
4.2.3 Hydrology
This area belongs to Yellow River Alluvial Plain. The stratum is Quaternary Yellow River silting deposit. The major lithology of this region contains: 0.5-3m mool at the top, 15-30m gravel and pebble bed in the middle with 200-300mm as the max
diameter of gravel and 20-50mm as the common diameter, and the alternating beds or interbeds of gravel bed, sandy clay and sandy soil in the bottom. The geology structure is rather complex and varies sharply horizontally. The base rock outcrop of both banks of the Xinjingdao Runnel is Carboniferous sand stone and the deposits on the riverbed are mainly unconsolidated Quaternary alluvial gravel. Categorized by hydraulic properties and water bearing media, the underground water at this area contains: pore phreatic water at the top, which is recharged by rain, irrigation water from the Yellow River and condensed water from the zone of aeration through vertically penetration and varies largely in water level; pore confined groundwater at the bottom, which is recharged consequently and laterally by the Yellow River and
laterally by the underground water of Tengger desert on the north. The production range of this area is mainly in the aqueous stratum in the bottom and is about 120-160m deep. The chemical water quality is HCO3.Na.Ca, of which the salinity is lower than 1000mg/L, the hardness (CaO) is about 265mg/L, the content of chloride is lower than 250mg/L, the pH is 8.01, alkaline water.
4.2.4 Underground Water
The circulation of the underground water in this area is in a rather gathered area. The recharge of underground water is rather rich, like irrigation water, lateral flow, rain, etc. The deposit is also very rich.
4.2.5 Seismic Intensity
The foundation soil of the field of the proposed project is respectively: loess, mild clay, sand loam, sandy clay and gravel. The soil is 2
nd –level collapsible loess within
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the field. The holding capacity of the foundation is between 170kpa and 400kpa. The new structure of this region is active. Weak earthquakes and felt earthquakes are frequent. The field seismic intensity is VIII.
4.2.6 Plants
This region is a product of alluvial-pluvial process. The ground surface contains
mainly gravel and loess. The plants are majorly planted in the farmland, like rice, wheat and grains. The shelter forest is largely composed of poplar tree. No endangered rare plant is grown in this region. The forest coverage rate of the city is 14%.
4.2.7 Shapotou National Nature Reserve
Shapotou National Nature Reserve locates in Zhongwei, Ningxia, in the southeast edge of Tngger Desert and on the north bank of the Yellow River, covers a range of 13722 hectares. Its relative position with the proposed project is shown in Picture 4.2.1. It is in the border region of middle Asia and North China Loess Plateau plant area, also in the transition zone between grassland and desert. It is the first nature
reserve of desert eco-system built in the north dry area, and is an important base to protect and study desert eco-system and its creature diversity. It was set as national nature reserve in April, 1994. It primarily protects desert eco-system, natural psammo-vegetation, achievements in desertification scientific research, wild animals in it, human landscapes like ancient Great Wall and Bell-Boom on the Sand Slope and the natural complex. In the nature reserve, there are: gymnosperm 4 families, 8 genuses and 14 species (classifications below species included), angiosperm 75 families, 220 genuses and 426 species (classifications below species included), in all seed plants 79 families, 228 genuses and 440 species; vertebrates 194 species, including fish 18 species, amphibian 3 species, reptiles 5 species, bird 147 species,
beast 21 species, and 5 species under State first-class protection: ciconianigra, golden eagle, haliaeetus leucoryphus, bustard, and 18 species under State second-class protection.
Shapotou National Nature Reserve is about 15kms away from the proposed projection site. The emission of waste water, gas and solid waste has no impact on it.
4.3 Social Environment
4.3.1 Administrative Division
Zhongwei City is approved by the State Council on 12, 31, 2003 and established on 4, 28, 2004. It governs two counties (Zhongming County, Haiyuan County) and one district (Shapotou District). By August, 2008, the city governs 20 towns, 20 townships, 443 villages, and 33 residential committees, including 10 towns, 2 townships, 159 villages, and 18 residential committees by Shapotou District; 5 towns, 6 townships, 118 villages, and 7 residential committees by the Zhongning County and 5 towns, 12 townships, 166 villages, and 8 residential committees by the Haiyuan County.
4.3.2 Population
By January, 2010, the total population of Zhongwei City has been amounted to 1.16 million, including 368.4 thousands Hui people, which took up 32.6% of the total population. The non-agricultural population has been amounted to 268.1 thousands,
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taking up 23.8% of the total population. For all counties and district: Shapotou District has a population of 394.4 thousands, in which 18.7 thousands of Hui people takes up 4.73%; Zhongning County has a population of 308.1 thousands, in which 60.8 thousands of Hui people takes up 19.74%; Haiyuan County has a population of 424.8 thousands, in which 288.9 thousands of Hui people takes up 68.01%.
4.3.3 Transportation
This region is convenient in transportation. Baotou-Lanzhou Railway runs through this region. No. 109 National Highway, No. 102 Provincial Highway and 4 other highways: Shizhong Highway, Zhongying Highway, Zhonghao Highway and Zhonggu Highway cross their ways within this region. There are second-class highways connecting Zhongwei City, Mengjia Bay Village of Yingshui Town on the west bank of the Yellow River (through Shapotou) and Changle Town on the left bank. The transportation conditions are fine.
4.3.4 Social Economy
In the year 2009 the GDP of Zhongwei City was 13.6 billion, growing by 13.8%; the
industrial added value is 4.4 billion, growing by 16.4%; local revenue was 1.3 billion, growing by 41.9%; fixed assets investments was 10.5 billion, growing by 28.3%; the total volume of retail sales was 2.8 billion, growing by 18.3; urban residents disposable income per capita was 12.81 thousands, growing by 9.2%; rural net income per capita was 3, 853 yuan, growing by 11.5%.
The industrialization is in the primary period of the mid-term, with the industrialization rate of 33%. The industrial structure is 19:44:37; employment structure is 47:31:22. There are Zhongwei (Meili) Industrial Park, Zhongwei (Shikong) Industrial Park, Haiyuan New District Industrial Domain, all together 3 Industrial Park and 6 Featured Industrial Park. The urban built-up area is 32 square
km2, urbanization rate is 31% (Shapotou District urbanization rate is 47%), urban
forestation rate is 27%. The infrastructures like sewage treatment plant, non-hazardous landfills and water works are all completed.
Social security system is sufficient. Compulsory education is practiced. The enrollment ratio of school-age children has reached 99.9%, the proportion of students entering senior middle school has reached 95%, and the approximate rate of senior middle school entrance is 86%. Vocational education takes up 45% of regular senior middle school education. In the city the engagement ratio of endowment insurance is 89%; of unemployment insurance is 92% (registered urban unemployment ratio is within 4%); of work-related injury insurance is 65%; of urban employees’ medical
insurance is 90%; of urban residents’ medical insurance is 91%; of new rural cooperative medical system is 94%. The amount of urban and rural residents who are under the subsistence security has reached 95 thousands. This region takes the lead in establishing rural resident endowment subsidies within the whole area and in establishing urban resident severe illness aid system within the country.
4.3.5 Ethnic Culture
Prehistoric Culture. Over tens of thousands of prehistoric petrograms are distributed in Damaidi of Zhaobi Mountain in the north of Zhongwei and Xiang Mountain on the south bank of the Yellow River. Through prtrograms, primitive men recorded their struggles for survive in Zhongwei, which is the epitome of primitive men’s both
spiritual world and material world. Palaeolithic relics of Shapotou District like Yi
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Wan Quan and Chang Liu Shui, together with Neolith relics, Cai Yuan in Haiyuan witnessed the prehistoric culture in Zhongwei. Petrograms in Zhongwei had been painted ever since late Palaeolithic Age (30,000 B.C.) to Neolith Age (4,500 B.C.), and were within the activities of the primitive men of Shui Dong Gou Relic of Lingwu.
The Yellow River Culture. The length of the Yellow River within the range of Ningxia is 397 kms, in which 182.4kms is across Zhongwei and has over ten wharves at the bank. Mojialou Wharf, Daban Wharf and Xiaheyan Wharf are the well-known ones among all the wharves. Yellow River irrigation area covers about 1.1 million Mu (1 Mu=666.67m
2). The earliest irrigation canal, Spider Canal (Meili Canal now) had
been dug from 111 B.C. to 109B.C. Ancient irrigation mill wheel and sheepskin raft both witnessed agricultural civilization on the Yellow River of Zhongwei.
Silk Route Culture. Zhongwei is an important post in the North Route of Ancient Silk Route. For thousands of years, in order to guarantee the frontier defense and the Silk Route, generations of central governments sent people to immigrate to the
frontier area and garrisoned this area when the state is stable, which made this region busy with communications, prosperous in business, rich in productions, and advanced in manufactures. Besides, the Yellow River in Zhongwei is occupied in water way transportation, which entitled this area with “Wharf of water way and land”, “Historical city on Silk Route”.
Religious Culture. Zhongwei has religions of Buddhism, Daoism, Christianity, Catholicism and Islam owing to the preach of monks, priests and missionaries passing by on the Silk Route. There had been over 200 temples until the era of the Republic of China, average one temple for every one thousand residents. Temples like Gao Temple, Shikong Great Buddhist Temple, Oxhead Mountain Temples, Tiandu
Mountain Grotto, and Laotse Temple all gathered within this area, which gifted this area religious culture of temple music, dance and etiquette.
Frontier Culture. The barley area in Zhaobi Mountain in Zhongwei city is not only the connection area between the eastern and western grasslands, but also the only road from the central area to the north of the desert land and western region. Besides, it is the fortress on Silk Road, as well as the crossing zone of farming culture and nomadic culture. It is the place where lots of nomadic peoples enjoyed frequent exchanges in history. Frontier culture is best proved by the words in a poem of Wangwei’s, “To the Frontier as an Envoy”, that is ,“From wastes of sand one smoke plume rises sheer, Past the long river the round sun sinks low.”
West Xia Dynasty Culture. Genghis Khan had ever fought in now Zhongwei. The Xanadu in which he passed away, “Ha Lao Tu Xanadu”, or Hai La Du, is just now Tianduzhai Xanadu in the southwest of Haiyuan County. Relics like Tiandu Mountain Grotto, Lingguang Temple of Nanhua Mountain, and so on within Haiyuan are all epitome of great culture of West Xia Dynasty.
The proposed project which is about 110kms from Haiyuan County, will not drain water into the Yellow River, and cause no damage to the ethnic cultures like Yellow River Culture and West Xia Dynasty Culture in Zhongwei.
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5. Survey and Assessment of Environmental Quality
5.1 Quality Survey and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment
On August 18-24, 2011, as consigned by Meili Paper Industry, Zhongwei Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center conducted a 7-day monitoring on the quality of the atmospheric environment around the planned Project area.
According to the geographic and meteorological characteristics of the region around the planned Project area as well as the assessment classification and the feature of atmospheric pollutants emission by the planned Project construction, the method of polar coordinates stationing is adopted for environmental quality monitoring, at the same time conducting stationed monitoring based on the wind direction and population density.
5.1.1 Monitoring Scope and Layout of Monitoring Points
Monitoring scope: a rectangular area of 1.5km×1.5km centered around the Plant
area
Layout of monitoring points: Based on the regional environmental characteristics (the wind angle range of the predominant wind direction in the planned area is ENE-
E-ESE), the distribution of sensitive points and the nature of the planned Project, 4 monitoring points have been deployed for conducting monitoring of the environmental quality. See in Table 5.1.1 and Figure 5.1.1.
Table 5.1.1 Data Sheet of Environmental Quality Monitoring Points
Layout
No. Name Position
Distance
from
Chimney (m)
Characteristic
G1 Jiaqu Village SE 600 Dominating upper
wind
G2 Plant area -- -- Inside the Plant
G3 Zhaojiashaofang W 900 Dominating lower
wind
G4 Taojiayingzi NW 1500 Dominating lower
wind
5.1.2 Monitoring Items
The basic monitoring items include TSP, PM10, SO2, NO2, NH3 and H2S, as well as the survey or collection of synchronous or quasi-synchronous data on meteorological conditions, including ground wind direction, wind speed, temperature and air pressure, etc.
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5.1.3 Monitoring and Analysis Method
The sampling was conducted according to the method specified in the “Technical Standard for Environmental Monitoring” promulgated by SEPA; the monitoring activity was conducted according to the “Air and Waste Gas Monitoring and Analysis Method” (Version 4.0). Data on sampling device, analysis method and
lower detection limit are listed in Table 5.1.2.
Table 5.1.2 Data Sheet of Air Environment Quality Monitoring and Analysis Method
Monitoring
Item
Sampling
Method Analysis Method
Minimum
Detection Limit
(mg/m3)
Based On
SO2
Solution
absorpti
on
Formaldehyde
Absorption -
Pararosaniline
Spectrophotometri
c Method
0.009 (hourly
value)
0.005 (daily
average)
HJ482-2009
NO2
Solution
absorpti
on
Naphthyl
Ethylenediamine
Dihydrochloride
Spectrophotometri
c Method
0.009 (hourly
value)
0.003 (daily
average)
HJ479-2009
PM10
Filter
membra
ne
separati
Gravimetric
Analysis 0.001 GB6921-86
TSP Filter
membra
ne
Gravimetric
Analysis 0.001
GB6/T15432-
95
NH3
Solution
absorpti
on
Nessler
Spectrophotometri
c Method
0.03 GB/T14668-
93
H2S Solution
absorpti
Methylene Blue
Spectrometric 0.001 GB/T14678-
93
5.1.4 Monitoring Time and Frequency
1. General Pollutants
The Phase I monitoring involves 7 days of monitoring activities.
The monitored concentration values should meet the requirement for data validity as
specified in the “Quality Standard for Ambient Air” (GB3095-1996). The monitoring on daily average concentration of SO2 and NO2 should be 18 hours, the monitoring on daily average concentration of TSP and PM10 should be 12 hours. The monitoring activity on SO2 and NO2 concentration should be conducted four times a day, suggested time: 02:00, 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00, 45min for each. The meteorological parameters should also be recorded synchronously, including wind
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direction, wind speed, temperature, air pressure and relative humidity.
2. Characteristic Pollutants
The fugitive emission factors monitored at the Plant boundary include NH3, H2S and TSP, the layout of monitoring points is based on each day’s dominating wind direction, including four times sampling of NH3 and H2S each day for a consecutive
two days, 45min sampling time and 1h monitoring of average concentration. The meteorological parameters should also be recorded synchronously, including wind direction, wind speed, temperature, air pressure and relative humidity,
5.1.5 Assessment Method
The assessment method includes standard index and over-standard rate.
In which: Monitored Value Standard Index = -------------------------
Standard Value Quantity of Over-Standard Points
Over-Standard Rate = ----------------------------------------------- ×100% Actual Number of Monitoring Points
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Figure 5.1.1 Location Map of Environmental Monitoring Points
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0 200m
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5.1.6 Assessment Standard
The assessment of general pollutants (TSP, PM10, SO2, NO2) shall be conducted based on the Level II standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Ambient Air” (GB3095-1996); the assessment of fugitive pollutants (NH3, hydrogen sulfide) shall be conducted based on the Level II limits of fugitive emission as listed in Table 1 of
the “Stink Pollutants Discharge Standard” (GB14554-93). The standard values are listed in Table 5.1.3.
Table 5.1.3 Data Sheet of Assessment Standard
“Quality Standard for Ambient Air” (GB3095-1996) (Level II)
Concentration Limit (mg/m3)
Pollutant 1-hour Daily Mean
Annual
Mean
TSP -- 0.30 0.20
PM10 -- 0.15 0.10
SO2 0.50 0.15 0.06
NO2 0.24 0.12 0.08
Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises (TJ36-79)
NH3 0.20
Hydrogen sulfide 0.01
5.1.7 Monitoring and Assessment Results
1. Conditions for on-site sampling of ambient air are listed in Table 5.1.4.
2. The monitoring and assessment results of ambient air quality are listed in Table 5.1.5 and Table 5.1.6 respectively.
Table 5.1.4 Data Sheet of Meteorological Conditions for Onsite Sampling of Ambient Air
Date Time Temperature
( )
Air Pressure
(Kpa)
Wind
Direction
Wind Speed
(m/s)
02:00-03:00 16.1 877.0 C 0.0
08:00-09:00 15.1 877.5 E 1.9
14:00-15:00 16.8 876.8 ESE 2.7 August 18
20:00-21:00 16.8 876.7 ESE 1.8
02:00-03:00 15.6 876.2 E 1.0
08:00-09:00 15.9 877.0 E 1.7
14:00-15:00 22.1 876.5 ENE 3.6 August 19
20:00-21:00 18.9 876.8 E 3.7
02:00-03:00 16.4 876.4 E 0.8
08:00-09:00 16.7 875.9 E 3.5
August 20
14:00-15:00 23.1 874.9 ESE 4.8
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Date Time Temperature
( )
Air Pressure
(Kpa)
Wind
Direction
Wind Speed
(m/s)
20:00-21:00 21.1 875.6 NE 0.4
02:00-03:00 17.0 876.1 ENE 1.3
08:00-09:00 16.9 876.0 WNW 0.6
14:00-15:00 27.8 874.7 NE 1.0 August 21
20:00-21:00 24.9 872.9 C 0.2
02:00-03:00 17.1 874.5 C 0.2
08:00-09:00 17.5 874.9 NE 0.9
14:00-15:00 29.3 873.7 SW 1.4 August 22
20:00-21:00 22.8 873.8 WNW 1.4
02:00-03:00 15.8 873.5 NNE 1.0
08:00-09:00 16.9 874.0 E 1.0
14:00-15:00 29.8 872.4 ESE 2.3 August 23
20:00-21:00 22.1 875.1 W 9.2
02:00-03:00 17.5 876.8 C 0.0
08:00-09:00 17.4 877.0 C 0.0
14:00-15:00 27.2 875.3 SE 2.0 August 24
20:00-21:00 22.6 873.8 SW 0.6
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Table 5.1.5 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Ambient Air Quality (General Pollutants) Unit: mg/m3
SO2 NO2 TSP PM10
Points Monitoring
Date Value Range
of Hourly
Concentration
Daily
Average
Standard
Index
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
Value Range
of Hourly
Concentration
Daily
Average
Standard
Index
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
Daily
Average
Standard
Index
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
Daily
Average
Standard
Index
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
August 18 0.009-0.025 0.020 0.13 0.009-0.013 0.012 0.10 0.24 0.80 0.18 1.20
August 19 0.011-0.032 0.015 0.10 0.009*-0.017 0.014 0.12 0.15 0.50 0.07 0.47
August 20 0.010-0.020 0.009 0.06 0.009*-0.013 0.010 0.08 0.11 0.37 0.07 0.47
August 21 0.015-0.019 0.018 0.12 0.010-0.017 0.019 0.16 0.20 0.67 0.12 0.80
August 22 0.020-0.036 0.025 0.17 0.009*-0.022 0.012 0.10 0.26 0.87 0.10 0.67
August 23 0.013-0.045 0.025 0.17 0.009*-0.028 0.025 0.21 0.19 0.63 0.09 0.60
1#
Jiaqu Village
August 24 0.011-0.025 0.029 0.19 0.016-0.025 0.024 0.20 0.23 0.77 0.11 0.73
August 18 0.014-0.035 0.030 0.20 0.012-0.023 0.016 0.13 0.20 0.67 0.10 0.67
August 19 0.024-0.037 0.027 0.18 0.012-0.018 0.012 0.10 0.21 0.70 0.10 0.67
August 20 0.026-0.038 0.029 0.19 0.010-0.030 0.024 0.20 0.27 0.90 0.16 1.07
August 21 0.019-0.031 0.025 0.17 0.013-0.026 0.019 0.16 0.25 0.83 0.16 1.07
August 22 0.015-0.031 0.015 0.10 0.009-0.013 0.012 0.10 0.53 1.77 0.33 2.20
August 23 0.014-0.031 0.031 0.21 0.012-0.027 0.014 0.12 0.29 0.97 0.14 0.93
2#
Plant area
August 24 0.014-0.033 0.020 0.13 0..10-0.030 0.010 0.08 0.27 0.90 0.13 0.87
August 18 0.019-0.031 0.022 0.15 0.009*-0.012 0.011 0.09 0.24 0.80 0.12 0.80
August 19 0.015-0.031 0.022 0.15 0.010-0.013 0.012 0.10 0.22 0.73 0.11 0.73
August 20 0.009-0.047 0.017 0.11 0.015-0.020 0.013 0.11 0.16 0.53 0.07 0.47
August 21 0.016-0.036 0.020 0.13 0.011-0.021 0.019 0.16 0.32 1.07 0.16 1.07
August 22 0.017-0.036 0.029 0.19 0.012-0.023 0.013 0.11 0.20 0.67 0.10 0.67
August 23 0.019-0.027 0.037 0.25 0.010-0.013 0.010 0.08 0.24 0.80 0.12 0.80
3#
Zhaojiashaofang
August 24 0.028-0.072 0.062 0.41 0.013-0.026 0.019 0.16 0.25 0.83 0.12 0.80
4#
August 18 0.011-0.031 0.025 0.17
0
0.013-0.022 0.013 0.11
0
0.26 0.87
31.25
0.12 0.80
50
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August 19 0.016-0.031 0.025 0.17 0.011-0.022 0.012 0.10 0.14 0.47 0.07 0.47
August 20 0.015-0.028 0.029 0.19 0.015-0.019 0.018 0.15 0.21 0.70 0.10 0.67
August 21 0.013-0.035 0.022 0.15 0.014-0.024 0.019 0.16 0.37 1.23 0.18 1.20
August 22 0.014-0.061 0.022 0.15 0.016-0.029 0.025 0.21 0.37 1.23 0.18 1.20
August 23 0.011-0.031 0.021 0.14 0.013-0.022 0.022 0.18 0.32 1.07 0.16 1.07
August 24 0.012-0.073 0.066 0.44
0.010-0.022 0.010 0.08
0.30 1.00
0.15 1.00
Standard value 0.50 0.15 -- -- 0.24 0.12 -- -- 0.30 -- -- 0.15 -- --
Note: * means no detected value.
Table 5.1.6 Characteristic Pollutants Monitoring and Assessment Results Unit: mg/m3
NH3 H2S Points
Monitoring
Date Value Range of Hourly Concentration Standard Index Value Range of Hourly Concentration Standard Index
August
23 0.03*-0.034 0.002-0.003
Jiaqu Village August
24 0.03* 0.002-0.003
August
23 0.044-0.172 0.002-0.003
Plant area August
24 0.035-0.085 0.002-0.003
Zhaojiashaofang August
23 0.03*-0.033
0.075-0.86
0.002-0.003
0.2-0.3
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August
24 0.03*-0.044 0.002-0.003
August
23 0.03*-0.056 0.002-0.003
Taojiayingzi August
24 0.033-0.045
0.002-0.003
Standard value 1.5 -- 0.06 --
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The monitoring and assessment results listed in Table 5.1.5 showed that:
SO2: The hourly concentration range monitored at each point is 0.009-0.073mg/m
3, the range of daily average concentration is 0.009-0.066mg/m
3, having
met the Level II standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Ambient Air” (GB3095-96), i.e., the limit value of hourly concentration and daily average
concentration at 0.50mg/m3 and 0.15mg/m
3 respectively. The maximum value of
hourly concentration (0.073mg/m3) was monitored at the point of Taojiayingzi on
August 24, according for 14.6% of the standard concentration; the maximum value of daily average concentration (0.066mg/m
3) was monitored at the point of Taojiayingzi
on August 24 as well, according for 44% of the standard concentration.
NO2: The hourly concentration range monitored at each point is 0.009-0.030mg/m
3, the range of daily average concentration is 0.010-0.025mg/m
3, having
met the Level II standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Ambient Air” (GB3095-96), i.e., the limit value of hourly concentration and daily average concentration at 0.24mg/m
3 and 0.12mg/m
3 respectively. The maximum value of
hourly concentration (0.030mg/m3) was monitored at the point of the Plant area on
August 20 and 24, according for 12.5% of the standard concentration; the maximum value of daily average concentration (0.025mg/m
3) was monitored at the point of
Jiaqu Village on August 23 and the point of Taojiayingzi on August 22, according for 20.8% of the standard concentration.
TSP: The daily average concentration range monitored at each point is 0.11-0.53mg/m
3, the maximum daily average concentration (0.53mg/m
3) was monitored at
the point of the Plant area on August 22, having exceeded the Level II standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Ambient Air” (GB3095-96), i.e., the limit value of daily average concentration at 0.30mg/m
3, the maximum value of over-standard
times is 0.767, and the rate of over standard is 20.8%.
PM10: The daily average concentration range monitored at each point is 0.07-0.33mg/m
3, the maximum daily average concentration (0.33mg/m
3) was monitored at
the point of the Plant area on August 22, having exceeded the Level II standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Ambient Air” (GB3095-96), i.e., the limit value of daily average concentration at 0.15mg/m
3, the maximum value of over-standard
times is 12, and the rate of over standard is 50%.
The reasons for having caused the over-standard daily average concentration of TSP and PM10 are: Northwest location of the planned Project, scarce precipitation and strong evaporation, large number of sandy days, high content of suspended substances
in the air, plus the stockpile shelters temporarily built close to the point of Taojiayingzi, all of which has resulted in higher data on the monitored concentration of TSP and PM10.
The monitoring and assessment results listed in Table 5.1.6 showed that:
NH3: the concentration monitored at each point has met the limit value of the once maximum permited concentration (0.2mg/m
3)() of the “Hygienic Standards for
the Design of Industrial Enterprises ” (TJ36-79), the maximum concentration (0.172mg/m
3) was monitored on August 24, and the standard index is 0.86.
H2S: the concentration monitored at each point has met the limit value of the once maximum permited concentration (0.01mg/m
3) of the “Hygienic Standards for
the Design of Industrial Enterprises” (TJ36-79), the maximum concentration is 0.003mg/m
3), and the standard index is 0.3.
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5.2 Quality Survey and Assessment of Surface Water Environment
5.2.1 Survey and Analysis of Yellow River’s Water Quality
The surface water close to the planned Project area is the Yellow River, the straight-line distance is 1.5km. Since the wastewater from the planned Project construction is not discharge to the Yellow River, the assessment on the Yellow River’s water quality is based on the monitoring results of the lower river bank monitored at the routine national-control section. Figure 5.2.1 is the location map of the monitoring sections and the Plant.
The routine monitoring and analysis results of the water quality monitored at the lower bank section of the Yellow River in 2010 and 2011 (first half) are listed in Table 5.2.1-5.2.2.
Data in Table 5.2.1-5.2.2 showed that the values of various factors monitored at the
national-control section of the lower bank of the Yellow River in 2010 and 2011 (first half) have all met the Level III standard limit as specified in the “Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-2002).
5.2.2 Survey and Analysis of Yellow River’s Eco-environment Quality
The Yellow River traverses Yinchuan Plain from south to north, the 397km flow path has a watershed area of 56,500 km
2 that has brought abundant water sources for
Ningxia region, where the wide water is running smooth and slow with a wide surface. According tothe survey of the eco-environment quality of the Yellow River’s
water, study was conducted on the fishes, planktons, benthic aquatic invertebrates and aquatic plants, at the same time biological water quality assessment was conducted.
1. Fishes
According to historic documents, 21 fish species are living in the Yellow River Ningxia section, in the period 2002-2006, altogether 16 species (crpriniformers and siluriformes) were sampled; the economic fishes include silurus asotus, cyprinus carpio and carassivs auratus, etc., non-economic fishes include pseudorasbora parva,
etc. In recent years, due to the construction of the key water control project of Shapotou, the water storage in the reservoir has been increasing and the velocity of water flow has become slower, which has resulted in sediment accumulation and the formation of shallows and stagnant areas, where large amount of cyprinus carpio, carassivs auratus, silurus asotus and pseudorasbora parva, shrimps and snails have been breeding, the production has increased significantly compared to the period previous to the reservoir construction. After Qingtongxia Reservoir was approved as the nature reserve, the management has been improved and the fish resources have been under protection; through the rescue protection of coreius septentrionalis and squaliobarbus curriculus and the artificial breeding of Yellow River carp and Yellow
River catfish for rescue protection, more than 5,000,000 Yellow River carp and 1,000,000 Yellow River catfish are reproduced and released to the Yellow River, these species have been restored gradually. At present, the coreius septentrionalis that has disappeared for many years reappeared in the Yellow River Ningxia section, the germplasm resources of main economic fishes such as the Yellow River carp and Yellow River catfish have been restored, and the total number of germplasm resources has been increasing. Meanwhile, the Reservoir has become the foraging place for
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aquatic birds, such as wild duck, egret, heron and snipe. The types of fishes are listed in Table 5.2.3.
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Figure 5.2.1 Location Map of the Section of Lower River Bank and the Project Area
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Table 5.2.1 Data Sheet of Water Quality Monitoring Results at the Section of Lower Bank of Yellow River (2010) Unit: mg/L
(excluding pH value)
Lower River Bank Section
Item
GB3838-2002
Level III Standard
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
pH 6~9 8.63 8.6 8.49 8.04 7.86 7.6 7.76 7.82 8.09 8.43 8.67 8.42
Permanganate index
6 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.25 1.9 2.16 2.79 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1 2
BOD 4 2L 2.7 2L 2.4 2L 2.05 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L
Ammonia nitrogen
1.0 0.283 0.264 0.221 0.216 0.266 0.273 0.261 0.222 0.28 0.284 0.216 0.167
Fluoride 1.0 0.28 0.22 0.32 0.22 0.2 0.25 0.25 0.33 0.3 0.23 0.22 0.29
Volatile
phenol 0.005 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L
Oils 0.05 0.01L 0.01L 0.03 0.01L 0.02 0.01L 0.01L 0.01L 0.01L 0.01 0.01L 0.01L
Feces coli group
10000 5 13 23 1600 79 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 33 1600
Total phosphor
0.2 0.052 0.029 0.03 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.1 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.12 0.1
Cr6+
0.05 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L
Cyanide 0.2 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L
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Cu 1.0 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L
Pb 0.5 0.028L 0.028L 0.028L 0.028L 0.028L 0.028L 0.028L 0.005L 0.005L 0.005L 0.004L 0.004L
Cd 0.05 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L
Zn 1.0 0.017 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L
Anion detergent
0.2 0.05L 0.06 0.06 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L
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Table 5.2.2 Data Sheet of Water Quality Monitoring Results at the Section of Lower Bank of Yellow River (2011, 1st Half) Unit: mg/L
(excluding pH value)
Lower River Bank Section
Item
GB3838-2002 Level III
Standard Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Aug
pH 6~9 8.45 8.60 7.88 8.4 8.25 8.13 8.35
Permanganate index 6 1.8 1.90 2.10 2.6 2.4 2.4 3.0
BOD 4 2.1 3.60 2.40 2.3 2L 2L 2L
Ammonia nitrogen 1.0 0.193 0.168 0.119 0.146 0.301 0.291 0.238
Fluoride 1.0 0.46 0.30 0.25 0.27 0.23 0.39 0.39
Volatile phenol 0.005 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.001
Oils 0.05 0.01L 0.01L 0.03 0.01L 0.01 0.02 0.01L
Feces coli group 10000 ≤2 ≤130 ≤2L ≤9 ≤540 ≤1600 ≤1600
Total phosphor 0.2 0.06 0.12 0.05 0.09 0.07 0.071 0.180
Cr6+
0.05 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L
Cyanide 0.2 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L
Cu 1.0 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L 0.006L
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Pb 0.5 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L
Cd 0.05 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L
Zn 1.0 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L 0.007L
Anion detergent 0.2 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L
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Table 5.2.3 List of Fish Species in Yellow River
Fish
Catalogue
Economic
Value Life Habit Fauna
Opsariichthys
bidens
Small size,
normal
economic value
Ferocious, live in rapid flow on
shrimps and aquatic insects,
Leuciscus
walecrii
Delicious,
important
economic fish
Omnivorous and highly
reproductive, upper-and-middle
layer fish, keen on living in slow
waters
Palaearctic
Realm
Squaliobarbus
curriculus
High
production,
higher economic
value
Omnivorous and highly
reproductive, fast growing, upper-
and-middle layer fish
Palaearctic
Realm
Rhodeus
sinensis
Small size, no
economic value
Small fish living on algae in calm
bays and reservoirs
Megalobrama
amblycephala
Small and
economic fish
Enjoy still water, usually found in
waters with flourish weeds, live on
aquatic plants
Pseudorasbora
parva
Small size, no
economic value
Omnivorous, keen on scooping
eyes of baby hypophthalmichthys
molitrix seedlings, more harmful
than beneficial
Gobio
hwanghensis
Small size, as
livestock forage
High production and high
reproductivity, extensively
distributed
Palaearctic
Realm
Gobio
rivuloides
Small size,
small amount
Living in lower-and-middle layer
of waters on benthic fauna
Coreius
heteroaon
Delicious,
higher economic
value
Benthic and omnivorous, spawning
through anadromous migration,
quantity decreasing annually
Rhinogobio
cylindricus
Small size,
normal
economic value
Benthic and omnivorous
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Rhino nasutus
Large size,
certain
economic value
Benthic and carnivorous Palaearctic
Realm
Abbottina
rivularis
Small size, no
economic value
Benthic and omnivorous, large
amount, easy to decompose
Saurogobio
dabryi
Small size,
normal
economic value
Benthic and carnivorous, large
amount, as livestock forage
Cyprinus
carpio
High economic
value
Omnivorous fish living in lower-
and-middle layer of waters,
delicious
Palaearctic
Realm
Carassivs
auratus
High economic
value
Living in water bottom, able to
survive in hostile environment,
large amount, extensively
distributed
Palaearctic
Realm
Silurus asotus High economic
value
Carnivorous fish living in lower
layer of waters, delicious
Palaearctic
Realm
2. Planktons
According to the monitoring results from the Environmental Monitoring Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (the upper reach of the monitoring section was at the Lower Bank and the lower reach of the monitoring section was at Yingu Road
Bridge on the Yellow River), features are as below:
Qualitative Monitoring Results
A. Monitoring Section at Left Bank: Having found 8 genera (species) that belong to 6 genera (families) of bacillariophyta, 1 genus of cyanophyta and 1 genus of pyrrhophyta, of which the advantageous species are navicula and oscillatoria. Having found 2 species of zooplanktons, including 1 species of rotifer and 1 species of protozoa. No evidence of cladocerans and copepods.
Directory of Planktons:
· Navicula sp
· Diatoma sp
· Meiosira granulate
· Gomphonema sp
· Synedra sp
· Cymbella sp.
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· Ceratium hirundinella
· Oscillatoria sp.
· Keratella quadrata
· Difflugia sp.
B. Monitoring Section at Right Bank: Having found 7 genera (species) that
belong to 5 genera (species) of bacillariophyta, 1 genus of cyanophyta and 1 species of pyrrhophyta; having found only 2 species of zooplanktons, including 1 species of protozoa and 1 species of rotifer.
Directory of Planktons:
· Navicula sp
· Diatoma sp
· Synedra sp
· Gomphonema sp
· M sp
· Ceratium hirundinella
· Oscillatoria sp
· Lecane luma
· Difflugia sp.
C. Monitoring Point at Upper Left Bank: Having found 9 genera (species) that belong to 5 genera (species) of bacillariophyta, 2 genera (species) of chlorophyta, 1 species of pyrrhophyta and 1 genus of cyanophyta; having found two species of zooplanktons, including 1 species of protozoa and 1 species of rotifer. No evidence of cladocerans and copepods.
Directory of Planktons:
· Navicula sp
· Synedra acus
· Gyrosigma sp.
· Diatoma sp
· Cymbella sp.
· Ceratium hirundinella
· Oscillatoria sp
· Pediastrum SP
· Spirozyra sp
· Lecane luna
· Difflugia sp.
D. Monitoring Point at Upper Right Bank: Having found 8 genera (species) that belong to 5 genera (species) of bacillariophyta, 1 genera (species) of chlorophyta, 1 species of pyrrhophyta and 1 genus of cyanophyta; having
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found only 2 species of zooplanktons, including 1 species of protozoa and 1 species of rotifer. No evidence of cladocerans and copepods.
Directory of Planktons:
· Cvclotella sp
· Navicula sp
· Synedra sp
· Cymbella sp
· M sp
· Nitzchia sp
· Ceratium hirundinella
· P sp
· Centropycis sp
· Brachionus urceus
Quantitative Monitoring Results
The monitoring results of planktons are shown in Table 5.2.4.
Table 5.2.4 Planktons Monitoring Results
Monitoring
Section
Upper Reach
Section
Item Monitoring Content
Left Right Left Right
Quantitative monitoring
(10,000p/l) 0.035 0.03 0.046 0.028
Biomass (mg/l) 0.0004 0.0004 0.0005 0.0003
Artificial base material
(p/cm2)
36 28 32 28 Phytoplankton
Qualitative
(Genera/species) 8 7 9 8
Quantitative monitoring
(p/l) 22 18 18 15
Biomass (mg/l) 0.06 0.05 0.043 0.041 Zooplankton
Qualitative
(Genera/species) 2 2 2 2
Analysis of Monitoring Results
A. There are only a dozen of planktons in upper and lower reaches of Yellow River, the density of phytoplankton is below 500p/L, the reason is that the monitoring was conducted during the flood season when the sediment charge is much higher;
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B. The types and quantities of planktons monitored at the Monitoring Sections and the Section of Lower Bank of Upper Reach are basically similar, there is no big difference;
C. The upper reach plants monitored at the two sections are dominated by diatoms; the found zooplanktons are mainly rotifer and protozoa. No distribution of
cladocerans and copepods
3. Benthic Aquatic Invertebrates
By using bio-net and sediment sampler, 13 species of benthic fauna were sampled, including 5 species of oligochaeta, accounting for 39%, the bio-density is 2,652p/m
2, in which the aquatic insects account for 31%; in addition, 9 species of
benthic fauna were sampled by using artificial base material method, in which the 8 species of aquatic insects account for 89%.
Directory of Benthic Fauna Monitored:
· Gammarus sp
· Palaemon Sinicus
· Tabifex Sinicus
· Monopylephorus sp
· Monopylephorus sp
· Galba trumcatula sp.
· Eodyrus sp
· Hydropsyche sp.
· Polypedilum leucopus
· Limnodrilus claparedianus
· Limnodrilus udekemianus
· Auloarilus sp
· Aphelochirus sp
· Potamanthus sp
· Cloeon dipterum
· Agabus sp
Statistics of Monitoring Results from each Section
The statistics on the monitoring results of benthic fauna are shown in Table 5.2.5.
Table 5.2.5 Statistics of Monitoring Results of Yellow River Benthic Fauna
Sampling
Section
Sampling
Point
Quantitative
samples
(p/m2)
Artificial
Base
Material
(piece/box)
Qualitative
(species)
Advantageous
Species
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Left 4400 233 4
Gammarus,
palaemon sinicus,
rh acodrilus
sinicus,
monopylephorus
Monitoring
section
Right 976 167 3 Gammarus,
monopylephorus
Left 832 192 6
Eodyrus,
gammarus,
polypedilum
leucopus,
monopylephorus
Lower
Bank of
Upper
Reach
Right 4880 162 6
Eodyrus, palaemon
sinicus,
monopylephorus,
gammarus
Conclusions
A. The benthic fauna in Yellow River are mainly branch water and light pollution species, such as eodyrus of ephemeroptera, gammarus and palaemon sinicus of crustacean, as well as hydropsyche of trichoptera.
B. The types and quantities of benthic fauna monitored at the Monitoring Sections and the Section of Lower Bank of Upper Reach are basically similar, there
is no big difference.
C. According to the comparative analysis on monitoring results of past decades, the types and quantities of benthic fauna have increased.
4. Aquatic Vascular Plants
According to the monitoring conducted at the sedimentation plains and shoal areas of Yellow River, 6 types of aquatic vascular plants have been found, including 3 types of emergent aquatic plants and 3 types of submerged plants.
Directory of Aquatic Vascular Plants:
· Scirpus tabernaemontani Gmel. (scirpus L. of sedge family)
· Phragmites australis
· Typha orientalis Presl (typhaceae)
· Potamogeton pectinatus L.
· Najas major (najadaceae family)
Aquatic plants are dominated by scirpus tabernaemontani Gmel, najas major and potamogeton pectinatus L.. Aquatic plants have provided habitat and food for fishes to lay eggs and forage, which is beneficial to improving the production of
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economic fishes and ameliorating water quality. However, the large amount of emergent aquatic plants in sedimentation plains is a major obstacle to flood discharge and desilting.
5. Bio-assessment of Water Quality
According to the analysis on the types and density of aquatic fauna and flora,
benthic fauna in Yellow River are mainly branch water and light pollution species, such as eodyrus of ephemeroptera, gammarus and palaemon sinicus of crustacean, as well as hydropsyche of trichoptera, the types and density of planktons are comparatively lower; according to the assessment results based on biological indices, the water quality is classified as β–medium pollution.
5.3 Quality Survey and Assessment of Ground Water Environment
5.3.1 Layout of Monitoring Points
Principles for layout of monitoring points: based on the flow direction of ground water (north to south), the planned Project construction and the peripheral environment.
Layout of monitoring points: 3 quality monitoring points of ground water environment in total. The specific locations of the monitoring points are shown in Table 5.3.1 and Figure 5.1.1.
Table 5.3.1 Layout of Ground Water Monitoring Points
Monitoring Point Meaning of Establishment Direction
1# Shimiao Village Upstream of the planned Plant location N
2# Jiaqu Village Downstream of the planned Plant
location SE
3# Plant area Plant site --
5.3.2 Monitoring Items
According to the characteristics of industry pollution and the environmental conditions of the watershed where the planned Project is located, the defined items for ground water monitoring include: pH value, sulfate, total rigidity, ammonia
nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, volatile phenol, permanganate index, fluoride, As, Hg, Cd, Cr
6+, Fe and Mn, 15 items in total.
5.3.3 Monitoring and Analysis Method
The quality monitoring and analysis on ground water environment was conducted as required in the “Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Method” (Version 4.0) promulgated by SEPA, see in Table 5.3.2.
Table 5.3.2 Data Sheet of Quality Monitoring and Analysis Methods for Ground Water
Environment
Monitoring Item Analysis Method
Minimum
Detection Limit
(mg/L)
Standard
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pH Glass-electrodes Method -- GB 6920-86
As Atomic Fluorescence
Photometric Method 0.0005 SL327.1-2005
Fluoride Fluoreagent Spectrophotometric
Method 0.05 GB7483-87
Ammonia nitrogen Nessler’s Reagent Colorimetric
Method 5.0 GB7479-87
Total rigidity EDTA Complexometric Method 0.05 GB7477-87
Sulfate Barium Chromate
Spectrophotometric Method 1
GB/T5750.5-
2006
Cd Flame Atomic Absorption
Method 0.02
GB/T5750.6-
2006
Permanganate
index Acid Method 0.5 GB11892-89
Volatile phenol 4-Aminoantipyrene
Spectrophotometric Method 0.002 GB7490-87
Cr6+
Diphenylcarbazide
Spectrophotometric Method 0.004 GB 7467 87
Iron Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometric Method 0.03
GB/T5750.6-
2006
Nitrate (N) Phenoldisulfonic Acid
Spectrophotometric Method 0.02 GB7480-87
Nitrite (N) N-(1-Naphthyl)-Ethanediamine
Photometric Method 0.003 GB7493-87
Mn Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometric Method 0.01
GB/T5750.6-
2006
Hg Atomic Fluorescence
Photometric Method 0.00001 SL327.2-2005
5.3.4 Monitoring Time and Frequency
The monitoring activities were conducted on August 11-12, 2011, one sampling for each of the two days.
5.3.5 Assessment Method
Single Factor Index Method was adopted in the assessment, the formula is same with that of surface water.
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5.3.6 Assessment Standard
The assessment was conducted according to the Level standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Ground Water Environment” (GB/T14848-93). See in Table 5.3.3.
Table 5.3.3 “Quality Standard for Ground Water Environment” (GB/T14848-93) (Level
III) Unit: mg/L
(excluding pH and total coli group)
Item pH As Fluoride Ammonia
Nitrogen
Total
Rigidity Sulfate Cd
Permanganate
index Fe
Standard
value 6.5-8.5 ≤0.05 ≤1.0 ≤0.2 ≤450 ≤250 ≤0.01
≤3.0 ≤0.3
Item Volatile
Phenol Cr
6+ Nitrate Nitrite Mn Hg
Standard
value ≤0.002 ≤0.05 ≤20 ≤0.02 ≤0.1 ≤0.001
5.3.7 Monitoring and Assessment Results
The quality monitoring and assessment results of ground water environment are listed in Table 5.3.4.
Table 5.3.4 Quality Monitoring and Assessment Results of Ground Water Environment
1# 2# 3# Point
Item Aug
11 Aug 12 Aug 11 Aug 12 Aug 11 Aug 12
Standard
Value
(mg/L)
Monitoring
value 7.5 7.46 7.55 7.58 8.02 8.00
Standard
index 0.250 0.230 0.275 0.290 0.510 0.500
pH
Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6.5-8.5
Monitoring
value 0.5L 0.5L 0.5L 0.5L 1.1 1.0
Standard
index 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.022 0.020 As
(ug/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤0.05
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Monitoring
value 0.46 0.45 0.32 0.30 0.22 0.22
Standard
index 0.460 0.450 0.320 0.300 0.220 0.220 Fluoride
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤1.0
Monitoring
value 0.025L 0.025L 0.094 0.087 0.025L 0.025L
Standard
index 0.125 0.125 0.470 0.435 0.125 0.125
Ammonia
nitrogen
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤0.2
Monitoring
value 436 434 232 230 245 249
Standard
index 0.969 0.964 0.516 0.511 0.544 0.553
Total rigidity
(CaCO3)
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤450
Monitoring
value 147 151 84 80 102 103
Standard
index 0.588 0.604 0.336 0.320 0.408 0.412 Sulfate
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤250
Monitoring
value 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L
Standard
index 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 Cd
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤0.01
Permanganate
index
Monitoring
value 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 10. 0.9 ≤3.0
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Standard
index 0.200 0.200 0.233 0.200 3.333 0.300
(mg/L)
Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Monitoring
value 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
Standard
index 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Volatile
phenol
(phenol)
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤0.002
Monitoring
value 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.005 0.005
Standard
index 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.100 0.100 Cr
6+
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤0.05
Monitoring
value 4.50 4.33 2.32 2.37 1.06 1.11
Standard
index 0.225 0.217 0.116 0.119 0.053 0.056
Nitrate
(N)
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤20
Monitoring
value 0.003L 0.003L 0.003L 0.003L 0.003L 0.003L
Standard
index 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150
Nitrite
(N)
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤0.02
Monitoring
value 0.023 0.026 0.082 0.079 0.013L 0.013L
Iron
(mg/L)
Standard
index 0.077 0.087 0.273 0.263 0.043 0.043
≤0.3
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Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Monitoring
value 0.01L 0.01L 0.01L 0.01L 0.01L 0.01L
Standard
index 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 Hg
(ug/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤0.001
Monitoring
value 0.003L 0.003L 0.003L 0.003L 0.003L 0.003L
Standard
index 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 Mn
(mg/L) Over-
standard
times
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
≤0.1
Monitoring results listed in Table 5.3.4 showed that the water quality monitored at each well has met the Level III standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Ground Water” (GB/T14848-93).
5.4 Quality Survey and Assessment of Noise Environment
On August 20-21, 2011, as consigned by Meili Paper Industry, Zhongwei Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center conducted a 2-day monitoring on the quality of the regional acoustic environment around the planned Project area.
5.4.1 Layout of Monitoring Points
Principles for layout of monitoring points: for conducting monitoring on the sensitive points inside the Plant area, at Plant boundary and within 100m around the Plant area, including Shimiao Village, Zhaojiashaofang (Shimiao Village) and Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village). The layout of the monitoring points was based on
the distribution characteristics of the noise sources and the environmental characteristics around the Plant area.
Layout of monitoring points: altogether 7 monitoring points were deployed inside the Plant area, at Plant boundary and the peripheral sensitive points for detecting the noise environment of the planned Project. The layout of the noise monitoring points is illustrated in Figure 5.1.1.
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5.4.2 Monitoring Items and Method
The monitoring items are continuous equivalent Grade A Leq, the monitoring activities were conducted according to the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008). There was no rainfall during the monitoring period, and the wind speed was lower than 5m/s.
5.4.3 Monitoring Time and Frequency
The monitoring activities were conducted on August 20-21, 2011, once during each
daytime and nighttime of the two days (08:00 12:00 and 22:00 24:00)
5.4.4 Assessment Standard
The assessment on the boundary noise was conducted according to the Level II standard as specified in the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008), and the noise assessment of the peripheral sensitive points was conducted according to the Level II standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment” (GB3096-2008). See in Table 5.4.1 and Table
5.4.2.
Table 5.4.1 “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-
2008)
Standard Daytime [dB(A)] Nighttime [dB(A)]
Level II 60 50
Level IV
(Northen
boundary)
70 55
Table 5.4.2 “Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment” (GB3096-2008)
Standard Daytime [dB(A)] Nighttime [dB(A)]
Level II 60 50
5.4.5 Monitoring and Assessment Results
The quality monitoring and assessment results of the acoustic environment are listed in Table 5.4.3.
Table 5.4.3 Quality Monitoring and Assessment Results of Acoustic Environment at Plant
Boundary and Peripheral Sensitive Points Unit: dB(A)
Monitoring
Time
Monitoring
Point
East
Boundary
South
Boundary
West
Boundary
North
Boundary
Shimiao
Village
Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao
Village)
Xiangjiazhuang
(Jiaqu Village)
Monitoring
value 58.3 58.7 59.6 67.5 45.7 44.8 42.5
Aug
20 Daytime
Standard
value 60 70 60
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Up to
standard Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Monitoring
value 48.2 49.3 48.7 63.2 43.6 42.9 41.6
Standard
value 50 55 50
Nighttime
Up to
standard Yes Yes Yes
Over
standard Yes Yes Yes
Monitoring
value 56.5 58.2 49.6 68.2 46.8 44.1 43.8
Standard
value 60 70 60 Daytime
Up to
standard Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Monitoring
value 47.7 49.4 46.8 64.9 45.1 43.2 42.3
Standard
value 50 55 50
Aug
21
Nighttime
Up to
standard Yes Yes Yes
Over
standard Yes Yes Yes
The monitoring results listed in Table 5.4.3 showed that: the value range of daytime noise monitored inside the Plant area and at Plant boundary is 56.5dB(A)-67.5dB(A), the value range of nighttime noise is 46.8dB(A)-64.9dB(A), in which the values of both daytime and nighttime noise monitored at north boundary have exceeded the Level II standard as specified in the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008), mainly because the north boundary is close to S201 Wei-Ning Road where the traffic noise is big, the values at the other three boundaries have all met the Level II standard as specified in the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008); the value range of daytime noise monitored at each sensitive point is 43.8dB(A)-
46.8dB(A), the value range of nighttime noise is 41.6dB(A)-45.1dB(A), all of which have met the Level II standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment” (GB3096-2008).
5.5 Quality Survey and Assessment of Soil Environment
According to the report of the monitoring on two soil samples from the Plant area
conducted on September 11, 2009 by the Agricultural Products Quality Monitoring Center of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, the results show that:
1. Monitoring items: pH, Pb, As, Cr, Hg.
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2. Monitoring frequency: once.
3. Assessment method: Single Standard Index Method, i.e.:
Iij = Cij/Csj
In which: Iij 陶 Standard index of pollutant “i” at point “j”;
Cij 陶 Monitoring value of pollutant “i” at point “j”, mg/kg;
Csj 陶 Assessment standard for pollutant “i”, mg/kg.
4. Assessment standard: “Quality Standard for Soil Environment” (GB15618-1995), Level III.
5. The statistics and analysis on the assessment results are shown in Table 5.5.1.
Table 5.5.1 Statistics on Soil Monitoring Results
No. Monitoring
Point Item
pH Cr
mg/kg
As
mg/kg
Pb
mg/kg
Hg
mg/kg
Standard (Level II: pH 7.5) / 300 40 500 1.5
Monitoring
value
8.26 46.1 15.9 18.8 0.084
1 Pollution
index
/ 15.37 39.75 3.76 5.60
Monitoring
value
8.21 29.8 14.0 5.18 0.054
2
Plant area
Pollution
index
/ 9.93 35.00 1.04 3.60
Data listed in Table 5.5.1 showed that all soil values have met the standard, the quality of the soil environment inside the Plant area is good.
5.6 Brief Summary
1. Quality of atmospheric environment: Among the 6 monitoring factors of TSP, PM10, SO2, NO2, NH3 and hydrogen sulfide, the values of TSP and PM10 have exceeded the standard, in specific, the maximum over-standard times of TSP is
0.767, the rate of over standard is 31.25%, the maximum over-standard times of PM10 is 1.2, the rate of over standard is 50%. The reasons include: Northwest location of the planned Project, scarce precipitation and strong evaporation, large number of sandy days, high content of suspended substances. The values of the other monitoring factors have all met the standard.
2. Quality of surface water – Yellow River water: the monitoring results of water quality for 2010 and first half of 2011 showed that the values of each monitoring factors at national-control section of the Lower Bank of Yellow River have met the Level III standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-2002).
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3. Quality of ground water environment: The monitoring results showed that the water quality of each well has met the Level III standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Ground Water” (GB/T14848-93).
4. Quality of acoustic environment: the values of both daytime and nighttime noise monitored at north boundary have exceeded the Level II standard as
specified in the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008), mainly because the north boundary is close to S201 Wei-Ning Road where the traffic noise is big, the values at the other three boundaries have all met the Level II standard as specified in the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008); the values of noise at each sensitive point have met the Level II standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment” (GB3096-2008).
5. Quality of soil environment: According to the report of the monitoring on two soil samples from the Plant area conducted on September 11, 2009 by the Agricultural Products Quality Monitoring Center of Ningxia Academy of
Agriculture and Forestry, all soil values have met the standard, the quality of the soil environment inside the Plant area is good.
6. Environmental Impact Analysis in the Period of
Construction
The proposed project will be constructed in the northeast part of the construction
area of MCC Meili Paper Industry Co. Ltd. in Zhongwei City. The project is located
in a plain zone. The construction period will be about 18 months. The main
construction works of the project include dismantling and removing of the old and
useless facilities and equipment of the existing project, civil engineering of the
proposed project, construction, installment and debugging of new facilities and
equipment. In construction period, pollutants like exhaust gas, noise, wastewater and
solid wastes will be generated. At the same time, the construction will also exert
certain adverse effect to the ecological environment and traffic status in the
neighboring areas as well as the workers’ safety. The main environmental impact
factors in the construction period are listed in Table 6.1.1.
The old and useless facilities and equipment of the existing project to be dismantled
and removed include facilities and equipment of the existing pulp-making line 1#
and 3#, microporous pressure filtering screen, drum vacuum washer, self-washing
vibrating screen, decker thickener, centrifugal screen, basification tower,
chlorination tower of pulp-making line 2#, facilities and equipment with relation to
1575/60 decker paper machine of the first process of the paper making system,
related facilities of the second, third and fourth processes of the paper making
system and one set of five-part/five-effect evaporator composed of two plates and
three pipes of the alkali recovery system.
Table 6.1.1 Main Environmental Effect Factors in the Period of Construction
Type Main effect factors Main environmental impact
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Exhaust gas
Flying dust, vehicle tail gas, volatile gas Regional atmosphere pollution
Noise Construction, equipment installation and
maintenance, transportation vehicles Adverse effect to regional acoustic
environment
wastewater Sanitary wastewater, construction wastewater Regional water environmental
pollution
Solid
waste Building rubbish, sanitary rubbish Regional environmental pollution
Ecology
Change of natural landform, destruction of surface vegetation, water losses and soil erosion, drop of soil fertility, damage of
natural landscape
Adverse effect to regional ecological environment
Traffic Traffic jam Adverse effect to the outgoing of
the people in the neighboring areas
Risks Physical harm and mechanical safety
problems etc. Harm to the health of the
construction workers
6.1 Analysis on the Impact on Atmosphere Environment in the Construction
Period
6.1.1 Analysis on the Source of Atmosphere Pollution in the Construction Period
Atmosphere pollution in the construction period mainly include various kinds of
flying dust, tail gas of machinery equipment and transportation vehicles and volatile
gas etc.
6.1.1.1Flying dust
In construction period, the most serious impact on the atmosphere environment would be flying dust mainly generated by dismantlement and remove of the old and useless equipment and facilities, land leveling and cleaning of the construction site, piling, earth and stone excavation and backfill, road building, concrete mixing, machinery operation, loading, unloading and transport of building materials and material piling. Characteristics of construction flying dust are summarized as follows:
1. Dismantlement and remove of the old and useless equipment and facilities, road building and concrete mixing are three major sources of construction
flying dust. Other construction flying dust sources include building material loading and unloading, material piling and some construction operations etc.
2. Flying dusts are discharged mainly in the form of disorganization and intermittence, which generation would be influenced by various kinds of factors such as the climate conditions like wind direction, wind speed and air humidity, construction mode, open ground area of excavation, loading mode of material transport vehicles, driving speed of the vehicle and road condition of the construction site.
3. The TSP concentration with 30m around the dust source is 2 times that of the windward contrast point, which influence sphere will extend 50m around the
dismantled equipment and facilities and both side of the road.
4. Flying dust pollution would be extremely serious in front of the concrete mixing shed, which would exceed 27mg/m
3, 26 times over the standard. The more
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the distance is away from the shed, the sharp the TSP concentration will drop. In the site 50m away from the shed, the average concentration will be 1.144mg/m
3, similar
to the concentration limit value of the disorganized discharge outside the shed. So, the impact of concrete mixing is mainly within 50m around the mixing shed.
5. The impact of the construction site flying dust on environmental TSP
concentration is mostly within 100m outside the bounding wall. On the leeward side, heavy pollution belt is within 0-50m, comparatively heavy pollution belt is within 50-100m and light pollution belt is beyond 100m.
6.1.1.2Tail gas
Another factor of atmospheric environmental impact in the period of construction is
the tail gas of various kinds of machineries and transport vehicles.
The tail gas of various kinds of machineries and transport vehicles is mainly
composed of TSP, SO2, NO2, CO and THC. Most of these machineries and vehicles
are giant ones with high coefficient of single exhaust, but they are in small number
and dispersed, so the pollution caused by them is comparatively light.
6.1.1.3Volatile Gas
Volatile gas generated by painting and coating materials used in the construction
period will bring about adverse affect to the atmospheric environment.
Since most of these materials are used inside the buildings in the period of
decoration, the impact of volatile gas on the atmospheric environment is
comparatively light in the period of construction.
6.1.2 Measures to prevent and control atmospheric pollution in the period of
construction
The proposed project is located in an arid area of the middle temperate zone with
distinct character of continental climate and average relative humidity at about 57%.
The objective condition would increase the adverse affect of the flying dust to the
environment. The southeast border of the project site neighbors on Xiangjiazhuang
of Jiaqu Village, the west border is just 45m away from Zhaojiayaofang of Shimiao
Village and the north border is just 25m away from Shimiao Village. This is to say
that there are a lot of sensitive spots of resident areas within 100m around the
project site. The problem of disturbing resident may be serious. The area affected by
the flying dust is generally larger than the area of construction site. If necessary
control measures are not adopted, the neighboring environment would be affected
adversely. In order to reduce the adverse affect of the flying dust to the neighboring
atmospheric environment to the most degree, it is necessary for the project
constructor to adopt following measures.
1. Sprinkle water on the dry land where old and useless equipment and
facilities are dismantled and removed and where ground is excavated and drilled so
as to keep humidity of the operation surface. When backfilling, it is necessary to
sprinkle water on the dry surface to prevent flying dust.
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2. Carry away the waste clay and debris in time, ram the road surface timely
and sprinkle water regularly.
3. All the vehicles transporting building materials and demolished wastes
including lime, cement, soil, stone, building rubbish and other waste materials liable
to generate flying dust should be kept in good condition and covered tightly with
canvas and should not be overloaded to ensure there would be no fallout. Try
cement should be transported by tightly closed tank car to the warehouse through
closed transportation system.
4. Prohibit overload and reduce or limit the speed of transport vehicles
coming into the construction site so as to reduce flying dust. Clean and wash the
transportation channel inside the construction site timely.
5. Clean and wash out the clay on the wheels and chassis of the transport
vehicles regularly to reduce their fallout. Clean the clay scattered on the road to
prevent its accumulation from generating flying dust in traffic.
6. Try the best to use brand name semi-manufactured or manufactured
concrete products or materials, brand name (wet) cement and cement precast
components, decreasing use and storage of dry cement and rough raw materials
(sands and cement etc.) liable to generate flying dust.
7. Don’t pile raw materials liable to generate flying dust on open field. Set
concrete mixing station inside work shed. Store cement and other dust generating
fine-grain materials in warehouse or cover them tightly.
8. It is suggested to adopt isolated construction method and set barriers
around the border of the construction site, preventing unrelated people from coming
into the site, insulating against sound, proofing dust and reducing vision pollution.
9. Stop dismantlement and excavation operation when wind force exceeds
4.
10. Enhance maintenance of machinery and vehicles and don’t use inferior
fuel, ensuring not to emission black smoke and the exhaust be within standard.
11. The organizer and constructor should be staff with full-time or part-time
environmental supervision persons to take responsibility for the implementation of
atmospheric pollution prevention and control measures in the process of
construction and dealing with any problem appropriately once it occurs.
Once the construction finished, the adverse affect of construction to the atmospheric
environment will be eliminated.
6.2 Analysis on the Acoustic Environmental Impact in the Period of Construction
6.2.1 Noise Source Analysis
The architectural construction is usually divided into five phases: dismantlement
phase, earth and stone excavation phase, foundation phase, structure phase and decoration phase. Different phases use different machineries and generate acoustic
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pollution in different degrees. The propose project in located in a plain place. Some existing old and useless facilities and equipment had to be dismantled. The acoustic pollution source would be the noise generated by the machines, equipment and transportation vehicles in the phases of dismantlement, earth and stone excavation, foundation, structure and decoration.
Noises generated by machines and equipment will be the main source of acoustic
pollution and most of them are in discontinuity. Vehicle noises are mainly occur in
the phase of dismantlement and earth and stone excavation. According to analogous
investment, the noise intensity of each kind of single equipment and vehicle in the
construction period is listed in Table 6.2.1.
Table 6.2.1 Noise Intensity of Main Equipment and Vehicles in the
Construction Period
Phase of construction
Equipment Noise intensity
dB(A)
transportation vehicle 86
tip lorry 87
Dismantlement, earth and stone
excavation loading machine 86
bulldozer 91
excavator 85 Earth and stone
excavation pile driver 103
land leveler 89
air compressor 93 Foundation
air pick 95
vibrator 79
electric saw 95
concrete pump 90 Structure
moulding board installation and reinforcing steel bar binding (tapping sound)
65
crane 68
electric drill 85
woodworker plane 85
marble cutter 90
Decoration
polisher 95
The noise intensity in Table 6.2.1 has given consideration to the sound insulation
against the decoration machines for decoration inside the buildings (electric drill,
woodworker plane, marble cutter and polisher etc.) accounted as 15dB(A). It can be
seen that the construction equipment belong to strong sound sources with rather
serious impact on the environment of the project site because most of them are
operated outdoors,
6.2.2 Noise Prediction and Analysis
In the period of construction, noise will mostly come from point sources. The
distance attenuation of the noise in construction period is calculated on acoustic
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source attenuation mode. The formula of attenuation is as follows:
( ) LrrLL ∆+−= 1212 lg20
In above formula陶
L1 and L2—— acoustic values (dB(A)) respective in distance r1 and r2 of
the acoustic source陶
r1 and r2—— distance from the point acoustic source (m)陶
∆L—— other attenuation factor and acoustic value (dB(A))陶
See Table 6.2.2 for the calculation results.
Table 6.2.2 Prediction of Noise Impact on Environment in Construction Period
Unit: dB(A)
Acoustic Values in Different Distances from the Sources Phases of
Construction
Maximum Intensity of
Acoustic Sources
10m 25m 30m 45m 100m 120m 150m
Dismantlement 87 67 59 57 54 47 45 43
Soil and stone
excavation 91 71 63 61 58 51 49 47
(piling) 103 83 75 73 70 63 61 59
Foundation 95 75 67 65 62 55 53 51
Structure 95 75 67 65 62 55 53 51
Decoration 95 75 67 65 62 55 53 51
GB12523-90, Noise Limits for Construction Sites, will be carried out in construction
period. See Table 6.2.3 for detail.
Table 6.2.3 Noise Limits in Construction Period
Noise Limits Phases of
Construction Main Noise Sources Day
time陶leq[dB(A)]陶 Night陶leq[dB(A)]陶
Dismantlement, earth and stone
excavation
bulldozers, excavators, loading machines etc.
75 55
Piling various kinds of pile drivers
etc. 85
Construction prohibited
Structure concrete mixers, electric saws and vibrators etc.
70 55
Decoration cranes and lifters etc. 65 55
Note: Because the noise intensity of the acoustic source of machines and equipment used in
dismantlement operation is the same as in earth and stone excavation, the noise limits for
dismantlement will be calculated at the same value of earth and stone excavation.
As we can see from Table 6.2.1, Table 6.2.2 and Table 6.2.3, the noise source of a
single set of equipment or vehicle running 30m away at day time or 100m away at
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night would be within the limit, so the noise in the construction period would not
bring about evidently adverse affect on the residents 100m around the construction
site. Sensitive points within 100m away from the construction site include
neighboring Xiangjiazhuang of Jiaqu Village on the southeast border,
Zhaojiashaofang of Shimiao Village about 45m away from the west border and
Shimiao Village about 25m away from the north border.
For Xiangjiazhuang of Jiaqu Village, the noise value of single set of equipment or
vehicle running at daytime and night will exceed the limit up to about 48dB(A). For
Zhaojiashaofang of Shimiao Village, the noise value of single set of equipment or
vehicle running at daytime will be within the limit, but the value of single set of
equipment or vehicle running at night in other phases except the dismantlement
phase will exceed the limit up to about 7dB(A). For Shimiao Village about 25m
away from the north border, the noise value of single set of equipment or vehicle
running at daytime in other phases except the dismantlement phase will be within
the limit, but the value of single set of equipment or vehicle running at night will
exceed the limit up to about 12dB(A).
Since the equipment and vehicles as noise sources would be running at the same
time, the noise intensity would be accumulated to bring about even more adverse
impact to the acoustic environment of the construction site. Without any prevention
and control measures, the noise value would have already exceeded the limits at the
sensitive points within 100m around the construction site, so, it is necessary to adopt
noise prevention and control measures in the construction period of this project.
6.2.3 Noise Prevention and Control Measures
Noise control measures in construction period are summarized as follows:
1. Set the fixed acoustic sources like air compressors and electric saws with
noise intensity over 80dB(A) indoors where the acoustic insulation effect is over
15dB(A). For the equipment that must be set indoors, temporary acoustic insulation
room or barriers should be set up.
2. Building material and building rubbish transport, earth and stone
excavation, pile driving, land leveling and air picking operation should be arranged
at daytime. 6-8m-high barriers should be built up around the construction site to
reduce noise. The peripheral barriers should be built with hard materials.
3. Only low-noise construction operations like hoisting can be arranged at
night. Pile drivers, bulldozers and excavators etc will be prohibited to operate. If
continuous construction must be arranged for special reasons, advance approval of
local government must be got.
4. It should be avoided to arrange large number of dynamic machines and
equipment at a same construction spot for fear of generating too high acoustic
intensity at a single spot.
5. If condition permits, the high-noise equipment should be set away from
the sensitive districts as far as possible (especially Xiangjiazhuang of Jiaqu Village
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closely neighboring the project site).
6. Try the best to use the finished buildings at the site as acoustic barriers to
alleviate the noise.
7. Choose low-noise equipment as much as possible, for example, replacing
fuel equipment with hydraulic equipment, using high frequency vibrators and so on.
8. The noises of the fixed machines and equipment as well as excavators
and bulldozers can be reduced by installing exhaust pipe muffles and insulating the
vibrating parts of the engines.
9. Since vibration of loose parts and damage of muffles would usually raise
noise intensity of the equipment in operation, it is necessary to check and maintain
the dynamic machines and equipment regularly.
10. Idle equipment should be closed timely to shorten the time of their noise
generation.
11. Coming into the construction site, transportation vehicles should
decelerate and reduce whistling.
12. All kinds of noise-generating machines and equipment should be
operated strictly according to regulations so as to reduce noises caused by irregular
operations like collision.
13. Use whistles, bells and flutes as less as possible in command of
operations and replace them with modernized communication devices as much as
possible.
14. Set up acoustic barriers on the northwest side of Xiangjiazhuang of Jiaqu
Village, east side of Zhaojiashaofang of Shimiao Village and south side of Shimiao
Village on the north border of the project site to minimize the adverse impact of the
construction noise on the sensitive points around the project site.
15. Optimize the construction plan and schedule the construction time
rationally to minimize the noise impact on the environment. In bid invitation for the
project, the measures to prevent and control noise pollution to the environment
should be listed as the content of construction organization and design and define
them in the contract.
16. The project sponsor and constructor should be staffed with full-time or
part-time environmental supervision persons as necessary to take charge of
implementing the noise prevention and control measures in the process of
construction, dealing with dispute on environmental issues and helping local
environmental protection departments enforce laws on environment.
Environmental impact of the construction will occurs just in small local area in short
time. Once the construction finished, the impact would disappear.
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6.3 Analysis on the Impact on Water Environment in Construction Period
6.3.1 Analysis on the Impact on Water Environmental Impact
In construction period, the wastewater mainly includes sanitary wastewater and the
construction wastewater.
1. Sanitary wastewater generated by the construction workers is the main
wastewater source in quantity in the construction period. The main pollutants
included in the sanitary wastewater are organic and suspend substances. The specific
pollutant components include COD, BOD5 and SS etc.
2. Construction wastewater mainly include sludge wastewater from
washing of transportation vehicles, sludge wastewater from rainwater erosion of
building materials, oily wastewater from washing of machines and equipment, oily
wastewater from emission or leakage of construction machinery and oily wastewater
from rainwater washing of machinery in open field. The main pollutants are sludge
and sand suspend substances and mineral oil specifically composed of COD, BOD5,
SS and mineral oil etc.
6.3.2 Measures to Prevent and Control Wastewater Pollution
Following measures to prevent and control wastewater pollution should be adopted
in the period of construction:
1. Sewer pipes should be laid in advance before the construction started.
The sanitary wastewater produced by the construction workers should be treated
through cesspool and the construction wastewater should be treated through
sedimentation tank and then be discharged through the sewer pipes to wastewater
treatment plant inside the construction site for treatment. All the wastewater should
not be allowed to overflow randomly. It should be strictly prohibited to discharge
the wastewater into the water body nearby the construction site like the Yellow
River.
2. The construction machines, equipment and vehicles should not be
washed inside the construction site. All of them should be covered with canvas on
rainy days.
3. The machines and equipment should be maintained regularly to minimize
the phenomena of oily wastewater dropping and leakage.
4. The project sponsor and constructors should be staffed with full-time or
part-time environmental supervision persons to supervise the implementation of the
wastewater pollution prevention and control measures.
Since the wastewater discharge is temporary and in small quantity in the
construction period, the adverse impact on the water environment in the project site
would not be remarkable after treatment and strict preventative measures are
adopted.
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6.4 Analysis on Solid Waste Impact on the Environment in Construction Period
6.4.1 Analysis on the Sources of Solid Waste Pollution
In the process of construction, certain amount of construction and sanitary rubbish
would be produced. Among them, the construction rubbish mainly includes solid
wastes like disused earth and stones produced in the process of dismantlement and
civil engineering, metal wastes abandoned in the process of installation and disused
cement, tiles, lime, sands and rocks produced in the process of construction. Most of
the sanitary rubbish are the wastes cast off by the construction workers in their daily
life, including eat-beyond rubbish, abandoned mineral water bottles and office
wastes in small quantity.
According to related data, building rubbish produced by unit building area will be
50-200kg. The total building area of the proposed project is 24362m2. The main and
auxiliary projects of the material preparation section, cooking section, extracting and
screening section and bleaching section of the pulp making system, the closed
screening technical transformation section of 2# pulp making system, the
evaporating section of alkali recovery furnace and the chlorine dioxide preparation
system will mainly use reinforced concrete frame structure and brick masonry
structure. About 50% of the building rubbish produced in above construction can be
recovered, and the remaining 50%, about 6,000t, need to be treated, which would be
transported to the treatment plant appointed by local municipal construction
administration department for disposal to avoid them from causing impact on the
environment.
The sanitary rubbish produced in the construction period is accounted on 0.5kg per
capita. The yield of sanitary rubbish is about 250kg/d. the sanitary rubbish will be
collected, removed and disposed by local environmental protection department.
6.4.2 Measures to Prevent and Control Solid Waste Pollution
Powder waste materials produced in the process of dismantlement, civil engineering,
installation and building construction would come into the drains along with surface
runoff formed by rainfall to increase the content of suspend substances in the water,
leading temporary pollution and deposition of the drains. Without proper treatment,
the solid wastes scattered in the process of dismantlement would bring about
tangible adverse affect to the environment alongside the transport lines around the
construction site. Moreover, if not timely cleaned up or if scattered in the process of
transportation, above solid wastes would bring about adverse affect to the public
health and road traffic. Therefore, the project sponsor and the constructor need to
adopt following measures against the solid wastes:
1. The earth and stones excavated should be backfilled as equally as
possible in earthworks. The abandoned earth and stones can be buried at site or used
for road building.
2. The building rubbish and sanitary rubbish should be cleaned up timely.
Random castoff and stacking should be strictly prohibited.
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3. Temporary closed rubbish station should be set in the construction site to
collect rubbish. The rubbish collected in the station should be cleaned up regularly.
4. The waste metals, cement, tiles, lime, sands, stone and packaging
materials produced in the process of dismantlement, installation and construction
can be delivered to related departments for reclamation.
5. The sanitary rubbish produced in the process of construction should be
delivered to environmental sanitary department for treatment respectively and
should not be fixed with building rubbish.
6. The cesspool should be cleaned up regularly to prevent it from
polluting the environment.
7. Best effort also should be made to reduce waste oil pollution to the soil.
8. The project sponsor and constructors should be staffed with full-time or
part-time environmental supervision persons to supervise the implementation of the
solid waste pollution prevention and control measures.
The period of construction is rather short and the solid waste pollution is transient.
As long as the management is strengthened and the prevention and control measures
are strictly implemented, the solid wastes produced in the process of construction
would not exert notable adverse affect to the environment.
6.5 Analysis on the Impact on Ecological Environment in the Construction Period
6.5.1 Factors of the Impact on Ecological Environment
The impact of the project construction on the ecological environment mainly include
change of natural landform caused by earth and stone excavation, damage of surface
natural of artificial vegetation, soil and water losses, drop of soil fertility and
destruction of natural landscape etc.
In workshop and building construction in the project site, there will be operations of
ground excavation, mechanical compaction, and earth peeling off and storing up.
These operations will destruct the original landform and vegetation at the proposed
construction site and disturb top soil structure, reducing erosion resistance of the soil
and aggravating soil erosion. Bare soil is liable to be scoured by rainfall runoff,
leading losses of soil and water, drop of soil fertility, change of local ecological
structure in certain degree and impacting the stability of terrestrial ecosystem.
According the related data, the erosion coefficient of completely bare soil is 0.5-1,
even worse the erosion of soil scored by rainfall runoff.
6.5.2 Measures for Ecological Environmental Protection
1. Strictly abide by the system of designing, constructing and completing
both the water and soil conservation facilities and the main project simultaneously as
provided by the Water and Soil Conservation Law.
2. Enhance protection of the earth surface, vegetation and soil and water
conservation facilities and don’t pour debris waste residues and abandoned earth at
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random.
3. Close and beautify the construction site as much as possible and enclose
the buildings in structural construction so as to reduce people’s visual perception on
them.
4. Try the best to refrain from excavation operation in rainy days so as to
reduce earth and water losses.
5. Green the construction site as soon as the project completed to recover
the landscape.
In summary, the project site is located in a plain area and the open area beside the
inside roads and between the buildings will be greened and beautified with flowers
and plants as planed. So, if above measures are properly adopted, the construction
operation would not bring about notable adverse affect to the ecological
environment around the project site.
6.6 Analysis on Traffic Impact in the Construction Period
6.6.1 Analysis on Traffic Road Impact
Provincial Rd 201 to the north of the project site will be the key transportation line
for the construction. The solid wastes produced in the process of dismantling the old
and useless equipment and facilities need to be transported out of the site by
vehicles, and the building materials like cement, stone, lime, earth and bricks need
to be transported into the site also by vehicles. All these transportation operations
will increase traffic flow of the road. Especially the large vehicles may make all the
vehicles running on the road sections near the construction site slower their velocity.
If vehicles cannot be properly dispersed, traffic jam would occur, impacting
outgoing of the residents in the villages around the construction site.
6.6.2 Measures for Traffic Impact Prevention and Control
1. Schedule transport time of the vehicles properly and refrain from large
scale transport operations in rush hours.
2. Set special entrance for the transport vehicles at the construction site and
assign special persons to direct and disperse the traffic.
6.7 Analysis on Security Risk in Construction Period
6.7.1 Analysis on Security Risk Impact
The security risk impacts of the construction mainly include the physical hazards
and mechanical troubles that maybe occur in the process of dismantling and
removing the oil and useless equipment and facilities, civil engineering of the
proposed project, equipment installation and debugging etc., concretely including
falloff, dislocation, overturning and breaking up of the dismantled old and useless
equipment and facilities or the equipment and facilities used in the construction and
collision, slip and fall of the workers that maybe happen when they remove the old
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and useless equipment and facilities or operate the construction-used equipment and
facilities.
6.7.2 Measures for Security Risk Impact Prevention and Control
1. Install after-falling platforms under conveyors that run across passages or
roads.
2. Adopt anti-skid and drainage measures on the passage surface of the
construction site.
3. Install handrail near the construction equipment and facilities or at the
higher places and clearly mark the traffic lines respectively for vehicles and people.
4. Adopt anti-overturn measures for the mobile equipment.
5. Establish operation system to prohibit crane from lifting heavy things
over people.
6. Install safety protection or chain devices to prevent workers from
touching mobile parts of equipment (such as engulfing spot between the chain and
sprocket of conveyor, roller, belt, pulley and shaft of conveyer, roller of paper
machine and feeding belt of pulverizer etc.
7. Turn off the equipment and rock it in the process of maintenance,
cleaning and repair.
8. Train the construction workers on safety use of construction equipment.
9. Schedule the dismantlement procedures properly to reduce debris’
damage to person.
10. Check and maintain the construction equipment regularly to prevent
trouble occurring.
11. Clearly define the traffic line for transport of the dismantled
equipment and facilities and closely supervise the vehicles transporting them.
12. Set barriers, chains and other devices around the temporary stacking
site of the dismantled equipment and facilities to prevent their rolling down.
6.8 EIA of remove the equipment during construction period
During the planned project construction, some part of the project will be
reconstructed, and it is inevitable to remove the old equipment. In terms of this
project, the removing equipment and facilities include: The equipments and facilities
of 1 #, 3 # pulping line; the screening equipments of 2 # pulping line, such as:
Pressure filter screen machine, Drum Vacuum Washer, Self cleaning Vibration box
sieve; the equipments and facilities of 1 #, 2 #, 3 #,4 #, 5 #, 6 #, 7 #papermaking
system; A five-effect evaporator of Alkali recovery system; the equipments and
facilities need to be replaced in wastewater treatment improvement project.
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The waste as asbestos and transformer, are not included, during the removing
process. The major environment impacts are:
(1) Atomosphere environmental impact
Dust is the primary atomosphere impact during the old equipment removing process.
The impact will be minimized on the basis of better sprinkling, proper construction
period arrangement and better preventive works.
(2) Water environmental impact
The waste rinse water will be existed during the equipment removing process.
Collect the waste water, and discharge the water after the sewage treatment.
(3) Noise environment impact
The noise impact is existed during the equipment removing, just like other
constructions. Besides of proper construction period arrangement and night
construction forbidden, it is efficient to reduce the noise impact to sensitive target
aound by installing baffle at the boundary.
(4) Solid waste impact
Waste machinery is separated recycling during the waste equipment removing, some
factories could recycle the value part, and the non-value and disuse part will be
treated by the professional units. It is forbiddened to sell the disused equipment to
other factories. The harzadous waste should be collected properly and commissioned
to professional units under safety treatment.
Therefore, it will be put an end to the secondary environmental pollutant by
equipment removing during the project technological upgrading, and meet the
requirement of “Announcement of Environmental Pollution Prevention and
Treatment during the enterprises relocation” (Ministry of Environmental Protection
of the People’s Republic of China, Environment Department, No.[2004]47)
6.8 Brief Summary
As above mentioned, the wastewater, waste gas, noise and solid wastes would exert
impact to the environment in certain degree in the construction period and the
construction operation also would bring about some adverse affect to the ecological
environment of the project site, the traffic of the neighboring areas and the safety of
the construction workers. But these impacts are just in short period. As long as the
constructor seriously organize the construction operation (including workforce
organization, time planning and engineering management etc.), strictly carry out
above mentioned preventative measures and enhance protection to the residents of
the villages around the project site, the construction would not exert notable adverse
affect to the environment and traffic of the project site.
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7 Atmospheric Environmental Impact Forecast and
Assessment
7.1 Grade and Scope of Assessment
Only one production line of continuous cooking is to be built in the project. Pollutants produced by burning of black liquor solids are to be discharged under control through the funnel of existing alkali recovery furnace in planned project. Use main pollutants, i.e. nitric oxide (calculate by NO2), sulfur dioxide and fume, to calculate percentage standard rate at maximum ground concentration Pi and downwind distance at a 10% of percentage standard rate separately. See table 7.1.1 for emission at pollutant source and table 7.1.2 for parameter list of point source
investigation.
Table 7.1.1 Emission of Atmospheric Pollution Source of the Project
Parameters Funnel of the Alkali
recovery furnace
Amount of Fume陶1陶m
3/h陶 31985
Source intensity陶kg/h陶 4.62 Nitric oxide
Emission concentration陶mg/m3陶 144
Source intensity陶kg/h陶 3.47 Sulfur dioxide
Emission concentration陶mg/m3陶 108
Source intensity陶kg/h陶 3.81 Fume
Emission concentration陶mg/m3陶 119
Note陶 1陶Nm3/h has been converted into m
3/h and the same below.
Table 7.1.2 Parameter List of Point Source Investigation
Code Unit Data
Point source No. Code / 1
Point source name Name / Funnel of the alkali
recovery furnace
Coordinate X Px m 0
Coordinate Y Py m 0
Height above sea level of
exhaust funnel bottom H0 m 1225.7
Height of the exhaust funnel H m 80
Diameter of the exhaust funnel D m 1.2
Flue gas velocity V m/s 7.86
Flue gas temperature T K 378
Annual emission hours Hr h 8160
Emission conditions Cond / Normal
Nitric oxide QNO2陶
kg/h 4.62×0.9=4.158
Sulfur dioxide QSO2 kg/h 3.47
Source intensity
of evaluation
factors Fume Q陶陶 kg/h 3.81
Note陶 Calculate average concentration per hour in estimation mode, regard
NO2/NOX=0.9 when calculating the source intensity of nitric oxide.
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Since it is less than 50% in the industrial area, commercial area, residential area
where the pollution source locates, and the average population of the area is三 三750
persons/km2, it selects “rural area” in the calculation. See table 7.1.3 for calculation results using mode SCREEN 3. It is concluded that the atmospheric pollution source
of alkali recovery furnace Pmax=3.856%<10%. In consideration of there is Projects under Construction within the boundary (pollution source of boiler under construction in existing project 5#) and project of reducing atmospheric pollution source (by alkali recovery furnaces in existing project 2#, 3#, pulping line No.1, No.3 in suspended production, wet desulphurization reconstruction of boiler), the atmospheric environmental impact of the project is assessed as grade II. The assessment scope is a rectangle with the central point of alkali recovery furnace’s funnel base as the center and with a length of a side of 5 km.
Table 7.1.3 Calculation Results of Atmospheric Pollution Source of Alkali
Recovery Furnace Funnel in Emission Estimation Mode
NO2 SO2 PM10 Downwind distance from the pollution source
center (m)
Predicted Concentration
(µg/m3)
Percentage standard rate (%)
Predicted Concentration
(µg/m3)
Percentage standard rate (%)
Predicted Concentration
(µg/m3)
Percentage standard rate (%)
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 0 0 0 0 0 0
200 0.14 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.13 0.03
300 2.62 1.09 2.19 0.44 2.40 0.53
400 5.94 2.47 4.96 0.99 5.44 1.21
500 8.49 3.54 7.09 1.42 7.78 1.73
600 9.09 3.79 7.59 1.52 8.33 1.85
700 8.09 3.37 6.75 1.35 7.41 1.65
800 7.20 3.00 6.01 1.20 6.60 1.47
900 6.50 2.71 5.42 1.08 5.96 1.32
1000 6.59 2.75 5.50 1.10 6.04 1.34
1100 6.61 2.75 5.51 1.10 6.05 1.35
1200 6.44 2.68 5.38 1.08 5.90 1.31
1300 6.18 2.57 5.16 1.03 5.66 1.26
1400 5.88 2.45 4.90 0.98 5.39 1.20
1500 5.57 2.32 4.65 0.93 5.11 1.13
2000 5.48 2.28 4.58 0.92 5.02 1.12
2500 4.92 2.05 4.11 0.82 4.51 1.00
Maximum downwind
concentration (562m)
9.255 3.856 7.724 1.545 8.481 1.885
Farthest distance from the pollution
source at a percentage
standard rate of
10%
/ / /
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7.2 Analysis on Conventional Meteorology Features
The land in Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region where the project locates is flat, which can be took as a simple landform. It uses the meteorological data provided by Zhongwei Meteorological Station in the forecast and assessment of atmospheric environmental impact. The Station locates at Wangjiayingzi, northern
suburb, Zhongwei City (37°32’N 105°11’E, with a height of observation site
above sea level of 1225.7m, 9 km away from SSE), within 50 km from the project site and with similar geographic environment conditions of the project. The
meteorological data on pollution of the Station is quite appropriate.
7.2.1 Primary Analysis on Main Conventional Meteorological Data
See table 7.2.1 for long term ground meteorological data (1991 - 2010) in Zhongwei City where the research project locates, including annual temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average wind speed, maximum wind speed, average relative humidity, average precipitation, maximum precipitation, minimum precipitation, and sunshine duration etc.
Table 7.2.1 Long Term Ground Meteorological Data of Zhongwei City where
the Project Locates (1991 - 2010)
Average temperature陶陶陶 8.8 Average relative humidity 陶%陶 55
Maximum temperature陶陶陶 37.6 Average precipitation (mm) 179.3
Minimum temperature 陶陶陶
-29.1 Maximum precipitation 陶mm陶 283.4
Average wind speed陶m/s陶 2.7 Minimum precipitation 陶mm陶 56.8
Maximum wind
speed陶m/s陶 20.3 Average sunshine duration陶h陶 2992.2
7.2.2 Further Analysis on Part of Conventional Meteorological Data
7.2.2.1 Temperature
See table 7.2.2 for monthly change of average temperature and Figure 7.2.1 for curve of change in statistical year of the project area (2010).
Table 7.2.2 Monthly Change of the Average Temperature in the
Statistical Year
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Yearly
Average temperature
陶 -4.4 -1.8 4.8 10.0 17.5 22.4 24.8 22.0 16.9 10.3 3.8 -3.6 10.2
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Figure 7.2.1 Curve of the Monthly Change of Average Temperature in the Statistical
Year
It is observed from table 7.2.2 and figure 7.2.1 that the average temperature of the
statistical year in project area focus on -4.4~24.8 with the highest monthly
temperature appearing in July and lowest monthly temperature appearing in January,
and there is a overall rising tendency in months between the two month with highest and lowest monthly temperature. In addition, the annual temperature of the
statistical year (2010) is 10.2 , which is 1.4 higher than the average of many
year (1991 - 2010). There is no much differences.
7.2.2.2 Wind Speed
1 Monthly change of annual wind speed
See table 7.2.3 for monthly change of average wind speed and Figure 7.2.2 for curve of change in statistical year of the project area (2010).
Table 7.2.3 Monthly Change of Annual Wind Speed in the Statistical Year
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Yearly
Average wind
speed m/s 2.2 2.0 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.6
-
0
5
废
废
2
2
废 2 总 4 5 6 7 无 月 废 废 废
Mont
Average temperature per month in the statistical
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Figure 7.2.2 Curve of Month Change of Average Wind Speed in the Statistical Year
It is observed from table 7.2.3 and Figure 7.2.2 that the monthly wind speed in the statistical of project area focus on 1.8~3.4m/s, with the highest wind speed appearing in March and lowest in October.
2 Daily change of average hourly wind speed per season
See table 7.2.4 for daily change of average hourly wind speed per season and Figure 7.2.3 for curve of change in statistical year of the project area (2010).
Table 7.2.4 Daily Change of Average Hourly Wind Speed per Season Unit:
M/S
hour Wind speed
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Spring 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6
Summer 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2 1.9 2 2 1.9 2 2
Autumn 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4
Winter 2 2 2 1.9 1.8 2 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8
Hour Wind Speed
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Spring 3.2 3.7 3.8 4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.2 4 3.4 3.1
Summer 2.5 2.8 3 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.3 2.9
Autumn 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.8 3 3 2.7 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8
Winter 2 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.4 2.6 2.2 2
废
2
总
4
废 2 总 4 5 6 7 无 月 废 废 废
Month
Monthly wind speed in the statistical year陶m/s陶
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Figure 7.2.3 Daily Change of Average Hourly Wind Speed per Season
It is observed from table 7.2.4 and figure 7.2.3 that daily change of average hourly wind speed in Spring in the statistical year of the project area is 1.9~4.5m/s with comparatively stronger wind speed at 13~24 o’clock (more than 3m/s); daily change of average hourly wind speed in Summer is 1.9~3.9m/s with comparatively stronger wind speed at 15~23 o’clock (more than 3m/s); daily change of average hourly wind speed in Autumn is 1.2~3 m/s with comparatively stronger wind speed at 18~19
o’clock (more than 3m/s); daily change of average hourly wind speed in Winter is 1.8~3.9m/s with comparatively stronger wind speed at 16~21 o’clock (more than 3m/s).
7.2.2.3 Wind Frequency
1 Monthly change of annual wind frequency and annual wind frequency
See table 7.2.5 for monthly change of average wind frequency and Figure 7.2.4 for wind direction rose diagram in statistical year of the project area (2010).
Table 7.2.5 Monthly Change of Average Wind Frequency and Annual Wind
Frequency of the Statistical Year Unit: % Wind
direction Month
N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C
January 7.12 3.49 2.82 4.44 9.68 4.44 1.34 0.54 0.54 0.27 3.09 9.14 16.13 15.05 11.42 6.05 4.44
February 7.59 4.61 3.42 4.46 11.16 6.40 2.38 0.74 0.89 1.19 2.68 6.40 12.20 13.99 11.16 5.21 5.52
March 3.76 4.17 3.63 5.24 11.29 4.97 2.28 1.21 0.13 0.94 2.42 8.06 10.89 18.68 12.10 7.66 2.57
April 7.36 5.28 4.86 7.64 10.97 5.14 2.08 2.64 1.81 0.83 1.81 5.00 7.50 15.00 10.97 8.06 3.05
May 4.57 3.36 5.91 9.68 21.24 9.54 3.09 1.88 1.08 1.88 2.42 3.63 9.01 10.08 6.59 2.55 3.49
June 3.61 3.19 2.64 10.00 30.28 13.06 9.31 4.72 0.97 0.56 1.25 2.50 5.28 5.00 2.64 3.19 1.80
July 2.55 3.09 3.49 11.29 28.23 15.59 7.53 1.88 1.34 1.08 3.76 4.70 5.65 3.76 2.02 1.48 2.56
August 4.03 3.36 4.03 11.29 32.80 11.02 3.23 1.08 1.34 0.54 2.96 6.45 5.78 3.76 4.17 2.15 2.01
September 4.03 3.19 4.86 10.97 25.42 9.31 2.50 0.83 0.42 0.28 1.25 5.56 8.89 8.47 5.97 3.06 4.99
废
废.
2
2.
总
总.
4
4.
废 2 总 4 5 6 7 无 月 废 废 废 废 废 废 废 废 废 废 2 2 2 2 2
Hou
Wind
Sprin
g
Summ Autum Wint
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October 6.05 3.90 5.51 8.33 13.58 6.85 3.49 1.48 1.88 1.61 2.55 4.84 7.93 9.95 7.12 5.24 9.69
November 4.03 2.78 3.19 5.42 5.14 2.36 1.11 0.83 0.28 0.56 4.03 12.92 19.03 17.08 9.58 4.86 6.80
December 5.11 2.28 3.63 3.90 3.36 3.49 0.67 0.67 0.00 0.40 2.28 10.75 26.48 19.89 10.48 3.23 3.38
Yearly 4.97 3.55 4.01 7.74 16.96 7.69 3.25 1.54 0.89 0.84 2.55 6.67 11.23 11.71 7.83 4.38 4.19
, 4.44%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 5.52%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 2.57%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 总.05%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 总.4月%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 废.无0%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 2.56%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 2.0废%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 4.月月%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 月.6月%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.无0%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 总.总无%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 4.废月%
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
(%图
N
E
S
W
10.0
20.0
30.0
Figure 7.2.4 Wind Direction Rose Diagram of Every Month and the Whole Year in the
Statistical Year
It is observed from Table 7.2.5 and Figure 7.2.4 that, in average wind frequency of every direction of the whole statistical year in project area, the sum of wind frequency in three wind directions, ENE, E, ESE, is 32.39%, sum of W, WNW and NW is 30.77%, both are bigger than 30%. It is thus clear that the scope of wind
direction angle of the dominant wind direction is ENE-E-ESE and the scope of secondary wind direction is W-WNW-NW. The angle of biggest annual wind frequency in project area is E with annual wind frequency of 16.96%; the angle of second biggest annual wind frequency is WNW with an annual wind frequency of
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11.71%.
Corresponding angles in most of months and biggest average wind frequency of the year in project area are E. Corresponding angle of the biggest average wind frequency in February, March and April is WNW, and in January, November and December is W.
2 Seasonal change of annual wind frequency and annual wind frequency
See table 7.2.6 for seasonal wind frequency change and annual wind frequency and see Figure 7.2.5 for wind direction rose diagram of every season in the statistical year in 2010 in project area.
Table 7.2.6 Seasonal Change of Average Wind Frequency and Annual Wind
Frequency in the Statistical Year Unit: % Wind
direction
Season
N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C
Spring 5.21 4.26 4.80 7.52 14.54 6.57 2.49 1.90 1.00 1.22 2.22 5.57 9.15 14.58 9.87 6.07 3.03
Summer 3.40 3.22 3.40 10.87 30.43 13.22 6.66 2.54 1.22 0.72 2.67 4.57 5.57 4.17 2.94 2.26 2.14
Autumn 4.72 3.30 4.53 8.24 14.70 6.18 2.38 1.05 0.87 0.82 2.61 7.74 11.90 11.81 7.55 4.40 7.20
Winter 6.57 3.43 3.29 4.26 7.96 4.72 1.44 0.65 0.46 0.60 2.69 8.84 18.47 16.39 11.02 4.81 4.40
Yearly 4.97 3.55 4.01 7.74 16.96 7.69 3.25 1.54 0.89 0.84 2.55 6.67 11.23 11.71 7.83 4.38 4.19
Figure 7.2.5 Wind direction rose diagram of every season in the statistical year
It is observed from table 7.2.6 and figure 7.2.5 that corresponding angle of
biggest average wind frequency in summer, autumn, the whole year in project area
are E; the corresponding angle in spring is WNW, and in winter is W.
7.2.2.4 Coefficient of Pollution
The dilution and diffusion of air pollutants are influenced by wind direction and
speed. In order to indicate the extent of impact of wind direction, speed on pollution
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of downwind area, coefficient of pollution is cited. The following equation is used to
calculate coefficient of pollution: f (wind direction frequency)/u (average wind
speed of the direction). See Table 7.2.7 for coefficient of pollution of every month
and the whole year, and see Figure 7.2.6 for the rose diagram of every month and
the whole year in project area in the statistical year (2010).
Table 7.2.7 Statistics of Coefficient of Pollution in Every Wind Direction
Dimension: % s/m
Wind direction Month
N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNWNW NNW
January 18.85 5.06 5.11 5.50 6.92 2.81 1.291.08 1.63 0.36 3.60 9.00 14.77 9.02 8.88 6.11
February 15.57 5.65 4.90 4.94 10.07 4.78 2.230.91 1.37 1.72 3.71 8.15 11.66 8.88 9.58 5.87
March 8.87 6.84 8.22 10.07 9.63 4.33 2.641.31 0.46 2.01 2.24 8.77 10.65 10.24 6.83 6.87
April 9.49 6.51 8.90 9.31 8.74 5.03 3.023.99 2.63 1.49 2.39 6.94 6.40 8.89 7.79 8.49
May 9.73 8.13 10.83 12.6515.40 7.05 2.712.74 1.06 2.36 3.40 2.97 6.70 6.35 4.11 3.82
June 9.82 7.38 4.58 11.3224.65 9.73 5.342.67 0.71 1.07 1.66 3.23 6.45 4.83 2.80 3.77
July 5.57 5.27 6.03 14.5521.2611.20 5.201.44 1.33 2.04 5.15 6.64 5.31 3.97 2.57 2.48
August 9.17 5.24 6.76 11.6021.83 7.29 2.421.42 1.79 0.98 6.00 8.17 7.28 3.38 4.56 2.12
September11.22 6.52 8.32 11.8217.94 6.78 2.621.06 0.74 0.75 1.03 6.59 8.65 5.44 5.75 4.75
October 20.38 6.05 7.93 8.85 9.35 4.78 3.212.15 2.71 2.50 3.42 6.90 5.68 6.88 5.01 4.19
November 10.38 5.96 4.94 7.60 6.20 3.26 2.121.51 0.46 1.04 4.09 13.03 16.42 8.97 7.11 6.91
December 9.90 3.62 7.41 6.41 4.68 3.18 1.031.60 0.00 0.81 3.98 10.11 19.84 13.18 9.58 4.67
Yearly 11.10 5.93 7.32 9.69 13.08 5.84 2.511.42 1.12 1.42 3.42 7.89 10.49 7.65 6.18 4.94
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, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
, 6.25
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
(图
N
E
S
W
5.010.015.020.0
Figure 7.2.6 Rose Diagram of Coefficient of Pollution of Every Month and the
Whole Year for Long Term
It is observed from Table 7.2.7 and Figure 7.2.6 that the wind directions with the most serious pollution of the whole year in project area concentrate on E, N and W. In addition, there are also heavy pollution in ENE (March, May, June, July, August and September), WSW (November, December), WNW (December), NE (May) and
ESE (July).
7.2.2.5 Joint Frequency
Wind direction, speed and joint frequency of stability in project area in the statistical year reflect frequencies appearing in every wind direction, wind speed scope and stability. See Table 7.2.8 for details.
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Table 7.2.8 Wind Direction, Wind Speed And Joint Frequency of Stability
(Frequencies in Blank Are 0) Dimension: %
Stability Grade Wind
direction
Wind speed
scope陶m/s陶 A B B-C C C-D D E F
陶1.5 0.13 1.35 0.30 0.58 1.47
1.5-3.0 0.15 0.01 0.06 0.21 0.33
3.0-5.0 0.01 0.13 0.14
5.0-7.0 0.09
N
≥7.0 0.02
陶1.5 0.23 0.87 0.16 0.34 0.67
1.5-3.0 0.26 0.09 0.14 0.18 0.34
3.0-5.0 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.10
5.0-7.0 0.06
NNE
≥7.0 0.01
陶1.5 0.15 0.90 0.24 0.45 0.95
1.5-3.0 0.07 0.32 0.09 0.10 0.18 0.45
3.0-5.0 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.03
5.0-7.0
NE
≥7.0
陶1.5 0.15 1.23 0.26 0.64 1.16
1.5-3.0 0.10 0.94 0.17 0.38 0.58 0.97
3.0-5.0 0.09 0.23 0.15 0.31 0.10
5.0-7.0 0.01 0.23
ENE
≥7.0 0.03
陶1.5 0.23 0.81 0.21 0.40 1.22
1.5-3.0 0.08 1.85 0.46 0.57 1.10 2.43
3.0-5.0 0.50 0.80 0.43 1.44 1.67
5.0-7.0 0.10 0.33 1.79
E
≥7.0 0.55
陶1.5 0.05 0.38 0.05 0.18 0.59
1.5-3.0 0.05 0.57 0.19 0.18 0.41 1.19
3.0-5.0 0.17 0.56 0.32 0.70 1.12
5.0-7.0 0.03 0.11 0.65
ESE
≥7.0 0.19
陶1.5 0.03 0.26 0.07 0.14 0.27
1.5-3.0 0.01 0.23 0.06 0.11 0.22 0.50
3.0-5.0 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.17 0.33
5.0-7.0 0.01 0.06 0.37
SE
≥7.0 0.24
陶1.5 0.02 0.16 0.05 0.17 0.23
1.5-3.0 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.26
3.0-5.0 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.13 SSE
5.0-7.0 0.01 0.02 0.14
≥7.0 0.09
陶1.5 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.19
1.5-3.0 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.08 0.18
S
3.0-5.0 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.07
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Stability Grade Wind direction
Wind speed scope陶m/s陶 A B B-C C C-D D E F
5.0-7.0 0.02
≥7.0 0.01
陶1.5 0.08 0.03 0.11 0.31
1.5-3.0 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.13
3.0-5.0 0.03 0.01
5.0-7.0 0.01
SSW
≥7.0
陶1.5 0.01 0.33 0.09 0.30 0.63
1.5-3.0 0.02 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.17 0.37
3.0-5.0 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.11
5.0-7.0 0.01 0.03
SW
≥7.0
陶1.5 0.06 0.94 0.19 0.45 1.19
1.5-3.0 0.02 0.50 0.15 0.37 0.34 1.12
3.0-5.0 0.02 0.27 0.11 0.25 0.43
5.0-7.0 0.02 0.02 0.17
WSW
≥7.0 0.03
陶1.5 0.13 1.31 0.24 0.49 1.32
1.5-3.0 0.06 1.22 0.26 0.39 0.56 1.51
3.0-5.0 0.03 0.72 0.30 0.73 0.89
5.0-7.0 0.02 0.08 0.68
W
≥7.0 0.29
陶1.5 0.05 0.99 0.23 0.54 0.92
1.5-3.0 0.03 0.75 0.32 0.32 0.46 0.87
3.0-5.0 0.13 0.55 0.56 1.22 0.57
5.0-7.0 0.02 0.11 1.74
WNW
≥7.0 1.34
陶1.5 0.09 0.95 0.17 0.39 0.89
1.5-3.0 0.05 0.38 0.16 0.15 0.63 0.57
3.0-5.0 0.02 0.27 0.30 0.88 0.39
5.0-7.0 0.07 0.99
NW
≥7.0 0.49
陶1.5 0.02 0.66 0.16 0.48 0.74
1.5-3.0 0.01 0.23 0.08 0.11 0.34 0.45
3.0-5.0 0.14 0.13 0.31 0.17
5.0-7.0 0.01 0.31
NNW
≥7.0 0.03
C =0 0.08 1.53 0.27 0.58 1.71
7.3 Atmospheric Environmental Impact Forecast and Assessment
The atmospheric environmental impact forecast and assessment mainly concerns
new pollution sources of planned project (hereinafter referred to as “new pollution sources”), related pollution sources in other Projects under Construction that has been approved through EIA within the project assessment scope (hereinafter referred to as “pollution sources in Projects under Construction”), and related pollution sources about to be reduced within the project assessment scope (hereinafter referred
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to as “reduced pollution sources”).
“New pollution sources” include sources discharged under control by existing alkali recovery furnace funnel in planned project;
“Pollution sources in Projects under Construction” include sources discharged under control by boiler under construction in project 5#;
“Reduced pollution sources” include reduced sources discharged under control by alkali recovery fumaces by suspending production of the pulping line No.1 and No.3, and wet desulpherization reconstruction of the existing boiler 1-4#.
7.3.1 Forecast Factors
The forecast factors are defined as NO2 SO2 PM10 according to air pollutants
mainly discharged by new pollution sources, pollution sources in Projects under Construction and reduced pollution sources. See Table 7.3.1 for specific forecast plan.
Table 7.3.1 List of Forecast Plan for Assessment
Type of pollution sources
Conventional Forecast SO2 NO2 PM10
Maximum average ground concentration per hour under
a guarantee rate of 100%
Alkali Recovery Furnace
√ √
Maximum average ground concentration per day under a
guarantee rate of 100%
Alkali Recovery Furnace
√ √ √
Average annual concentration
Alkali Recovery Furnace
√ √ √
New pollution sources
Maximum average ground concentration per hour under a guarantee rate of 100% at
abnormal conditions
Alkali Recovery Furnace
√
Maximum average ground concentration per day under a
guarantee rate of 100% Boiler √ √ √
Pollution sources in
Projects under Construction
Average annual concentration
Boiler √ √ √
Alkali Recovery Furnace
√ √ √ Maximum average ground
concentration per day under a guarantee rate of 100% Boiler √ √ √
Alkali Recovery Furnace
√ √ √
Reduced pollution sources Average annual
concentration Boiler √ √ √
Note: “√” indicates that a calculation is required, blank indicates no calculation is required.
7.3.2 Forecast Scope
Forecast scope selected in the project is the same with assessment scope, i.e. a rectangle with the central point of alkali recovery furnace’s funnel base as the center
and with a length of a side of 5 km.
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7.3.3 Calculation Point
7.3.3.1 Ambient Air Protection Target
See Table 7.3.2 for main ambient air protection targets within the assessment scope.
Table 7.3.2 List of Main Ambient Air Protection Targets
No. Ambient air
protection targets Coordinate X
m Coordinate Y
m Direction Distance m
Functional description
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village) 220 -140 SE 0 Residential
area
2 Zhaojiashaofang (Shimiao Village) -550 80 W 45 Residential
area
3 Shaqu Village -1270 1260 NW 1370 Residential
area
4 Rouyuan Village -1010 240 WNW 520 Residential
area
5 Government of Rouyuan Town -1620 270 WNW 1010 Office
6 Fanmiao Primary School 2030 1100 NE 1970 School
7 Shimiao Primary School 740 230 ENE 490 School
8 Jiaqu Village -820 -380 SW 290 Residential
area
9 Shimiao Village 410 220 N 25 Residential
area
Note: Coordinates are indicated with the center of atmospheric assessment scope as the base
point; direction and distance are indicated according to factory boundary of the project.
7.3.3.2 Mesh Point
With the center of pollution source as a base point (0km, 0km), coordinates of the four corners in mesh area of the assessment scope are (2.5km, 2.5km), (5km, -2.5km), (-2.5km, -2.5km), (-2.5km, 2.5 km) separately. Within the mesh area of
assessment scope, take a mesh distance of 50 m within 1 km from the center of pollution source, and take a mesh distance of 300 m outside 1 km from the center of
the pollution source. There are 51×51 mesh points in total.
7.3.3.3 Maximum Ground Concentration Point in the Area
Under normal and abnormal conditions of new pollution sources of project, select maximum ground Concentration point in the area to forecast.
7.3.4 Calculation List of Pollution Sources
It mainly concerns the following aspects in calculation list of pollution sources within the assessment scope.
1 New pollution sources
New alkali recovery furnace; 1 funnel, calculate according to normal emission;
New alkali recovery furnace; 1 funnel, calculate according to abnormal emission;
2 Pollution sources in Projects under Construction that need to be repeated in
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the forecast
Boiler under construction in existing project 5#; 1 funnel, calculate according to normal emission;
3 Reduced pollution sources need to have a reduced forecast
(a) Alkali recovery furnaces in existing projects, 1 funnel, calculate according to normal emission;
(b) Wet desulphurization reconstruction of boiler 1-4#, 1 funnel, calculate according to normal emission.
See Table 7.3.3 and Table 7.3. for calculation list of main pollution sources.
Table 7.3.3 Calculation List of Parameters in New Pollution Sources and
Pollution Sources in Projects under Construction
Data
Items Code Unit New pollution sources
Pollution sources in Projects under Construction
Point source No. Code / 1 2 3
Point source Name Name / Alkali
Recovery Furnace
Alkali Recovery Furnace
Boiler
Coordinate X Px m 0 0 40
Coordinate Y Py m 0 0 -150
Height above sea level of exhaust funnel
bottom H0 m 1225.7
Height of the exhaust funnel
H m 80 80 120
Diameter of the exhaust funnel
D m 1.2 1.2 3
Flue gas velocity V m/s 7.86 7.86 10.3
Flue gas temperature T K 378 378 328
Annual emission hours Hr h 8160 8160 8160
Emission conditions Cond / Normal Abnormal Normal
Dust removal efficiency ηc % 99 90 99.5
Amount of fume Q m3/h 31985 31985 261919
NOX QNO2陶
kg/h 4.158 3.465
4.158 3.465
49.05 40.875
SO2 QSO2 kg/h 3.47 3.47 11.1
Source intensity of evaluation
factors PM10 QPM10 kg/h 3.81 38.1 5.2
Note: Take source intensity of nitric oxide as NO2/NOX=0.75 when calculating
Average annual concentration, and take NO2/NOX=0.9 when calculating average
daily, hourly concentration.
Table 7.3.4 Calculation List of Parameters of Reduced Pollution Sources
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Code Unit Data
Point source No. Code / 1 2
Point source Name Name / Alkali
Recovery Furnace
Boiler
Coordinate X Px m 0 40
Coordinate Y Py m 0 -150
Height above sea level of exhaust funnel bottom
H0 m 1225.7 1225.7
Height of the exhaust funnel H m 80 120
Diameter of the exhaust funnel D m 1.2 3
Flue gas velocity V m/s 9.9 28.0
Flue gas temperature T K 378 423
Amount of fume # Q m3/h 40292 712747
Annual emission hours Hr h 8160 8160
Emission conditions Cond / Normal Normal
NOX QNO2 kg/h / /
SO2 QSO2 kg/h 4.1 114.8
Source intensity of evaluation
factors PM10 Q陶陶 kg/h 4.8 10.6
7.3.5 Meteorological Conditions Used for Forecasting
Select conventional ground meteorological material (day-by-day, successive and every hour) of the whole year in Zhongwei Meteorological Station in 2010 to calculate and select average hourly, daily meteorological conditions with the most serious pollution (for all calculation points) as the maximum hourly ground and maximum average daily ground concentrations.
7.3.6 Terrain Data Used for Forecasting
The land in forecast area is flat. Therefore, it does not take terrain into account in the forecast.
7.3.7 Main Forecasting Contents and Forecast Circumstances
Set forecast circumstances according to forecasting contents. Generally, it considers the following five aspects: type of pollution source, emission plan, forecast factor, meteorological conditions and calculation point.
The forecast contents are as follows:
1 Average hourly concentration
Ground concentration of ambient air protection target, mesh points and the maximum hourly ground concentration within the assessment scope under hourly meteorological conditions of the whole year
2 Average daily concentration
Ground concentration of ambient air protection target, mesh points and the maximum average daily ground concentration within the assessment scope under daily meteorological conditions of the whole year
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3 Average annual concentration
Ground concentration of ambient air protection target, mesh points and the maximum annual ground concentration within the assessment scope under long term meteorological conditions (it forecasts the annual ground concentration of ambient
air protection target, mesh points under meteorological conditions of the whole year in the secondary assessment)
4 Average hourly concentration at abnormal emission conditions
In case of malfunction in dust removal, at hourly meteorological conditions of the whole year, the maximum hourly ground concentration of ambient air protection target and maximum hourly ground concentration within the assessment scope.
5 Average daily concentration at normal emission conditions of overlapped
pollution sources in Projects under Construction
Ground concentration of ambient air protection target at daily meteorological conditions of the whole year
6 Average annual concentration at normal emission of overlapped pollution
sources in Projects under Construction
Ground concentration of ambient air protection target at long term meteorological conditions (it forecasts the annual ground concentration of ambient air protect under the meteorological conditions of the whole year in the secondary assessment)
7 Average daily concentration of reduced pollution sources at normal emission
conditions
Ground concentration of ambient air protection target at the daily meteorological conditions of maximum ground concentration of ambient air protection target in overlapped pollution sources in Projects under Construction
8 Average annual concentration of reduced pollution sources at normal emission
conditions
Ground concentration of ambient air protection target at long term meteorological conditions (it forecasts the annual ground concentration of ambient air protect under
the meteorological conditions of the whole year in the secondary assessment)
According to requirements of the Guidance and specific circumstances of the project, see Table 7.3.5 for the forecast circumstances of ambient air in the project.
Table 7.3.5 Conventional Forecasting Circumstances
No. Type of pollution sources
Emission plan
Forecast factors
Calculation point Conventional
Forecast
1 New pollution
sources (normal emission)
Existing plan
NO2 SO2
PM10
Ambient air protection target
Mesh points Maximum ground
concentration pint in the area
Average hourly
concentration Average
daily concentration
Average
annual
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No. Type of pollution sources
Emission plan
Forecast factors
Calculation point Conventional
Forecast
concentration
2
New pollution sources
(abnormal emission)
Existing plan
SO2 PM10
Ambient air
protection target Maximum ground
concentration pint in the area
Average hourly
concentration
3
Overlapped pollution sources in
Projects under Construction
(abnormal emission)
Existing plan
NO2 SO2
PM10
Ambient air protection target
Average daily
concentration Average
annual concentration
4
Reduced
pollution sources (normal
emission)
Existing plan
NO2 SO2
PM10
Ambient air protection target
Average daily
concentration Average annual
concentration
7.3.8 Forecast Mode and Related Parameters
IT uses ADMS-Industrial air pollution model certified by the Assessment Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and developed by Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CREC) to forecast maximum Average hourly concentration, maximum Average daily concentration and Average annual concentration of pollutants under a guaranteed rate of 100% in the project.
1 Theory on ADMS Atmospheric Boundary Layer
ADMS model is used to calculate the pollution concentration resulted by point source, linear source, surface source and body source, and characterized by
pretreatment meteorological model, dry and wet sedimentation, impact of complex terrain, impact of buildings and coastline, plume visibility, radioactivity and chemical module. ADMS-Industrial air pollution model is designed for calculating the impact of one or more industrial pollution sources on air quality.
ADMS-Industrial model is a three dimensional Gaussian model, which calculate pollution concentration through Gaussian distribution formula mainly, but it uses inclined Gaussian model in vertical diffusion under instable conditions. Parameters of local boundary layer are used in the calculation of plume diffusion.
1 Parameterization of Boundary Layer
The boundary layer of ADMS-Industrial atmospheric diffusion model is characterized by the height of layer h and the lengthen of Monin-obukhov LMO. It does not use the sorting method of Pasquill-Grifford stability in the model. The definition of boundary layer stability of ADMS-Industrial atmospheric diffusion model is superior to the stability sorting of Pasquill-Grifford, which includes the
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change of boundary layer features along with height. The stability of Pasquill-Grifford is similarly corresponding to h/LMO scope.
Length of Monin-obukhov:
)/( 0
3
*
TckgF
uL
p
MO ρθ
−=
In it: u*—— surface friction speed
k——Von Karman constant
g—— acceleration of gravity
Fθ—— Surface heat flux
ρ cp—— Air density and specific heat at constant pressure
T0—— Earth surface temperature.
Stable condition: h/LMO≥1
Neutral condition: -0.3≤h/LMO 1
Convection current condition: h/LMO -0.3
2 Structure of the boundary layer
a. Stable and neutral boundary layer
All turbulences are produced by mechanical friction under stable conditions, i.e.
there is no turbulences produced by convection motion.
Coefficient of vertical diffusion:
21
2
22
2 21
1−
++=
Nt
tN
btwZ γ
σσ
In it: N σw U(z)—— Buoyancy frequency, vertical wind speed and average wind speed
at a height of z;
γ—— Mixing ratio of plume and environment.
b—— Inclination factor.
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b. Convective boundary layer
Vertical distribution: vertical speed shows as probability density distribution in convection boundary layer. Therefore, concentration distribution is non-Gaussian distribution, corresponding to high elevation pollution source. When the plume moves at downwind direction, the height with maximum concentration lowers, and average height of plume increases. The plume may rise again due to the reflex of ground when the height with maximum concentration reaches the ground.
Transverse diffusion: transverse diffusion is composed by convection diffusion and mechanical friction diffusion in convection boundary layer.
2 Main ADMS calculation formula
ADMS diffusion model recommended by atmosphere guidance is used to forecast. It can simulate the instant (minutes), short term (hourly, daily) and long term (annual) concentration distribution of pollutants discharged by point source, surface source, linear source and body source pollutions through ADMS model.
1 PDF Mode
Use PDF mode of weil (1984) to calculate ground concentration for low buoyant plume under unstable conditions, i.e.
])(2
1exp[
2
2
τσπσF
Y
Y YYCC
−−=
In it: Yσ - diffusion parameters in direction Y, m is to be defined by following
formula:
<>
≥>
<+
=
)2/,1.0(8.0
)2/.1.0(6.1
)1.0()]/(5.01/[)/(
3/23/1
3/23/1
2/1
mmimm
mmimm
mxrv
wuFZXF
wuFZXF
FuTxuxσ
σ
In it: YC — Integrated concentration of across-wind direction at ground,
mg/m3
defined by the following formula:
)2
exp(2
2)
2exp(
2
2*
2*
2
*
2
*
2*
1
*
1
21
11
zzzz
Y hFhF
Q
uhC
σπσσπσ−+−=
2 Small scale convection model
Use small scale convection model of briggs (1985) for high buoyant plume under
unstable conditions, i.e. if x<10F/W *3
])(2
1exp[)(021.0 23/43/13
*
y
p
i
YYZFxQwC
σ
−−=
iy ZXF3/2
*
3/1
*6.1=σ
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If: 3
*/10 wFx ≥
])(2
1exp[])
7(exp[)]/([ 22/3
3
*
*
y
pYY
zw
FxhwQC
σ
−−−=
iy ZX *6.0=σ
3 Loft Mode三 三
Use Loft mode Weil (1991) for high buoyant plume under nearly neutral conditions, i.e.:
])(2
1exp[)](1[
2
2
1 y
p
y
YYerf
uZ
QC
σσπ
−−⊄−=
<>
≥<>=
−
−
)2/,0(8.0
)2/0L0L(6.1
*
13/23/1
*3
13/23/1
wuLXF
wuXF
u
u
yσ
4 ATDL Mode
In common Gaussian model system, it uses ATDL model with surface source height to calculate pollutants concentration produced by surface source pollution. It divides surface sources into multiple boxes according to actual distribution of urban pollution sources and assumes that the source intensity has a balanced space distribution, and pollution diffusion follows the narrow plume rules. It calculate the ground concentration of Point A through:
}]2
exp[1
]2
exp[1
0{)2
(22
2
1
)2
1(
)2
1(
22
22/
0 dxqxb
h
bxQdx
qxb
h
bxQ
u
LK
N
i
Li
Liqfq
Ly
Az −+−= ∑ ∫∫
=
+
−π
In it: K— calculate the ground concentration of Point A, mg/m3
Q0 Calculate the source intensity of source block where the point locates, mg/s·m2
Qr— Source intensity of No. i source block at upwind direction, mg/s·m2
L— Length of a side of the mesh, m
u— Average wind speed, m/s
b,q— Parameters for determining vertical air diffusion standard σz, which take different
values according to different stability types, and satisfy the relationship of σz=bxq;
h— Average height of the surface source, m
N— Mesh point number of upwind direction
5 Average daily concentration
Calculate Average hourly concentration by observed successive meteorological data,
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and then calculate the average value to conclude the Average daily concentration.
6 Average concentration for long term
Calculate Average daily concentration by observed daily meteorological data, and then calculate the average value to conclude the Average annual concentration.
7.3.9 Related Parameters in the Mode
It takes no account of SO2 conversion when calculating the hourly SO2 concentration of forecast factors. It takes a half-life period of 4h for SO2 conversion when calculating daily and Average annual concentration.
It takes NO2/NOX = 0.9 when calculating hourly and Average daily concentration of forecast factor NO2. And it takes NO2/NOX = 0.75 when calculating Average annual concentration.
Calculate surface parameter as “Park, Open suburbs” in the mode and select surface
roughness as 0.5m.
7.3.10 Atmospheric Environmental Impact Forecast and Assessment on New Pollution
Sources, Pollution Sources in Projects under Construction, Reduced Pollution
Sources
7.3.10.1 Average hourly concentration of New Pollution Sources at Normal
Emission Conditions
According to further forecast in the forecast mode, see Table 7.3.6 for forecast statistics of maximum hourly ground concentration of mesh points in new pollution sources at normal emission conditions, and see Figure 7.3.1~7.3.2 for isoline distribution of corresponding maximum hourly ground concentration.
Table 7.3.6 Forecast Results of Maximum Hourly Ground
Concentration
Forecast factor
Time of Maximum
hourly
ground concentration
Mesh point position with
the
maximum concentration
Maximum hourly
contribution mg/m
3
Monitored background
value mg/m
3
Overlapped concentration
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the
contribution %
Percentage standard
rate of the
overlapped value %
NO2 11 o’clock at the 84
th day
陶-50陶-100陶
0.014 0.016 0.030 5.8 12.5
SO2 11 o’clock at the 84
th day
陶-50陶-100陶
0.012 0.024 0.036 2.4 7.2
Note: Monitored background value - - Average hourly concentration at the
monitoring site. Standard threshold: NO20.24mg/m3, SO20.50mg/m
3陶
It is observed from Table 7.3.6 that, under normal production, contributions of
Average hourly concentration of NO2 SO2 discharged after production are lower
than standard concentration threshold. The maximum contribution of Average
hourly concentration of NO2 SO2 are 0.014mg/m3
0.012mg/m3
separately,
accounting for 5.8%, 2.4% of the standard threshold. The percentage standard rate of
NO2 SO2 after overlapped with background value are 12.5% 7.2% with no
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-2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
exceeding of standard.
See Table 7.3.7~7.3.8 for forecast results of maximum hourly NO2 and SO2
concentration of main ambient air protection targets.
Figure 7.3.1 Isoline Distribution of Maximum Hourly NO2 Concentration of New Pollution
Sources under Normal Emission
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-2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Figure 7.3.2 Isoline Distribution of Maximum Hourly SO2 Concentration of New Pollution
Sources under Normal Emission
Table 7.3.7 Maximum Hourly NO2 Concentration of Main Ambient Air
Protection Targets
No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring Background
Value mg/m
3
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the contribution
%
Percentage standard
rate of the overlapped
value %
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.0099 0.028 0.0379 4.1 15.8
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao
Village)
0.0058 0.030 0.0358 2.4 14.9
3 Shaqu Village 0.0035 0.029 0.0325 1.5 13.5
4 Rouyuan Village 0.0037 / / 1.5 /
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.0033 / / 1.4 /
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No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring Background
Value mg/m
3
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the contribution
%
Percentage standard
rate of the overlapped
value %
6 Fanmiao
Primary School 0.0024 / / 1.0 /
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.0059 / / 2.4 /
8 Jiaqu Village 0.0063 / / 2.6 /
9 Shimiao Village 0.0062 / / 2.6 /
Note: Monitoring background value ——Maximum Average hourly concentration of all
monitoring points Standard threshold: 0.24mg/m3
Table 7.3.8 Maximum Hourly SO2 Concentration of Main Ambient Air
Protection Targets
No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring background
value mg/m
3
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the contribution
%
Percentage standard
rate of the overlapped
value %
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.0082 0.045 0.0532 1.6 10.6
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village)
0.0048 0.072 0.0768 1.0 15.4
3 Shaqu Village 0.0029 0.061 0.0639 0.6 12.8
4 Rouyuan Village 0.0031 / / 0.6 /
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.0027 / / 0.5 /
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.0020 / / 0.4 /
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.0049 / / 1.0 /
8 Jiaqu Village 0.0052 / / 1.0 /
9 Shimiao Village 0.0052 / / 1.0 /
Note: Monitoring background value ——Maximum Average hourly
concentration of all monitoring points陶Standard threshold: 0.5mg/m3陶
It is observed from Table 7.3.7 that the maximum contribution of hourly NO2
concentration of new pollution sources under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.0099mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 4.1%. The
maximum value after overlapping with the background value is 0.0379mg/m3, with
a percentage standard rate of 15.8%. There is no standard exceeding and no much
impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.8 that the maximum contribution of hourly SO2
concentration of new pollution sources under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.0082mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 1.6%. The
maximum value after overlapping with the background value is 0.0768mg/m3, with
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500
1000
1500
2000
2500
a percentage standard rate of 15.4%. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
7.3.10.2 Average daily concentration of new pollution sources under normal
emission conditions
According to further forecast in the forecast mode, see Table 7.3.9 for forecast
statistics of maximum daily ground concentration of mesh points in new pollution sources at normal emission conditions, and see Figure 7.3.3~7.3.5 for isoline distribution of corresponding maximum daily ground concentration.
Table 7.3.9 Forecast Results of Maximum Daily Ground Concentration
Forecast factor
Time of
Maximum Daily ground concentration
Mesh point position with
the maximum
concentration
Maximum
daily contribution
mg/m3
Monitored
background value
mg/m3
Overlapped concentration
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the contribution
%
Percentage standard
rate of the overlapped
value%
NO2 The 185
th
day in 2010 陶300陶50陶 0.0026 0.016 0.0186 2.2 15.5
SO2 The 185
th
day in 2010 陶300陶50陶 0.0021 0.026 0.0281 1.4 18.7
PM10 The 185
th
day in 2010 陶300陶50陶 0.0023 0.013 0.0153 1.5 10.2
Note: Monitoring background value —— Average daily concentration of all monitoring points.
Standard threshold: NO2 0.12mg/m3
SO2 0.15mg/m3
PM10 0.15 mg/m3
It is observed from Table 7.3.9 that, under normal production, contributions of
average daily concentration of NO2 SO2 PM10 discharged after production are
lower than standard concentration threshold. The maximum contribution of average
daily concentration of NO2 SO2 and PM10 are 0.0026mg/m3
0.0021mg/m3 and
0.0023mg/m3
separately, accounting for 15.5% 18.7% and 10.2% of the standard
threshold, lower than standard concentration threshold.
See Table 7.3.10~7.3.12 for forecast results of maximum daily NO2, SO2 and PM10 concentration of main ambient air protection targets.
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Figure 7.3.3 Isoline Distribution of Maximum Average Daily NO2 Concentration of New
Pollution Sources Under Normal Emission Conditions
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-2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Figure 7.3.4 Isoline Distribution of Maximum Average Daily SO2 Concentration of New
Pollution Sources Under Normal Emission Conditions
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-2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Figure 7.3.5 Isoline Distribution of Maximum Daily Average PM10 Concentration of New
Pollution Sources Under Normal Emission Conditions
Table 7.3.10 Maximum Average Daily NO2 Concentration of Main Ambient Air
Protection Target
No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring background
value mg/m
3
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the contribution
%
Percentage standard
rate of the overlapped
value %
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.0014 0.025 0.0264 1.2 22.0
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao
Village)
0.0014 0.019 0.0204 1.1 17.0
3 Shaqu Village 0.0003 0.025 0.0253 0.3 21.1
4 Rouyuan Village 0.0010 / / 0.8 /
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.0007 / / 0.5 /
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No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring background
value mg/m
3
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the contribution
%
Percentage standard
rate of the overlapped
value %
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.0002 / / 0.2 /
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.0011 / / 0.9 /
8 Jiaqu Village 0.0008 / / 0.7 /
9 Shimiao Village 0.0017 / / 1.4 /
Note: Take current maximum monitoring value at the monitoring point as the background
concentration. Standard threshold: 0.12mg/m3
Table 7.3.11 Maximum Average Daily SO2 Concentration of Main Ambient
Air Protection Target
No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring background
value mg/m
3
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the contribution
%
Percentage standard
rate of the overlapped
value %
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.0011 0.029 0.0301 0.8 20.1
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village)
0.0011 0.062 0.0631 0.8 42.1
3 Shaqu Village 0.0003 0.066 0.0663 0.2 44.2
4 Rouyuan Village 0.0008 / / 0.6 /
5 Government of
Rouyuan Town 0.0005 / / 0.4 /
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.0002 / / 0.1 /
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.0009 / / 0.6 /
8 Jiaqu Village 0.0007 / / 0.5 /
9 Shimiao Village 0.0014 / / 0.9 /
Note: Take current maximum monitoring value at the monitoring point as the background
concentration. Standard threshold: 0.15mg/m3
Table 7.3.12 Maximum Average Daily PM10 Concentration of Main Ambient
Air Protection Target
No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring background
value mg/m
3
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the contribution
%
Percentage standard
rate of the overlapped
value %
1 Xiangjiazhuang 0.0013 0.18 0.1813 0.8 120.8
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No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring background
value mg/m
3
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the contribution
%
Percentage standard
rate of the overlapped
value %
(Jiaqu Village)
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village)
0.0012 0.16 0.1612 0.8 107.5
3 Shaqu Village 0.0003 0.18 0.1803 0.2 120.2
4 Rouyuan Village 0.0009 / / 0.6 /
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.0006 / / 0.4 /
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.0002 / / 0.1 /
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.0010 / / 0.7 /
8 Jiaqu Village 0.0008 / / 0.5 /
9 Shimiao Village 0.0015 / / 1.0 /
Note: Take current maximum monitoring value at the monitoring point as the background
concentration. Standard threshold: 0.15mg/m3
It is observed from Table 7.3.10 that the maximum contribution of daily average
NO2 concentration of new pollution sources under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.0017mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 1.4%. The
maximum value after overlapping with the background value is 0.0264mg/m3, with
a percentage standard rate of 22.0%. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.11 that the maximum contribution of daily average SO2 concentration of new pollution sources under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.0014 mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 0.9%. The
maximum value after overlapping with the background value is 0.0663 mg/m3, with
a percentage standard rate of 44.2 %. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.12 that the maximum contribution of daily average PM10 concentration of new pollution sources under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.0015 mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 1.0%. The
maximum value after overlapping with the background value is 0.1813 mg/m3, with
a percentage standard rate of 120.8%. The background value of PM10 exceeds standard is mainly because that the area locates at the edge of Tenger Desert, where is dry and windiness, with low vegetation cover and impacted much by road dust.
7.3.10.3 Annual average concentration of new pollution sources under normal
emission conditions
According to further forecast in the forecast mode, see Table 7.3.13~7.3.15 for average annual concentration forecast of mesh points in new pollution sources at normal emission conditions, and see Figure 7.3.6~7.3.8 for isoline distribution of corresponding average annual concentration.
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Table 7.3.13 Main Ambient Air Protection Targets and Maximum
Annual Average NO2Concentration
No. Name Maximum
Contributionmg/m3
Percentage standard rate of the contribution
%
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu
Village) 0.00025 0.31
2 Zhaojiashaofang (Shimiao
Village) 0.00033 0.41
3 Shaqu Village 0.00002 0.03
4 Rouyuan Village 0.00018 0.23
5 Government of Rouyuan
Town 0.00012 0.15
6 Fanmiao Primary School 0.00003 0.03
7 Shimiao Primary School 0.00014 0.18
8 Jiaqu Village 0.00015 0.19
9 Shimiao Village 0.00015 0.19
Note: Standard threshold: 0.08mg/m3
Table 7.3.14 Main Ambient Air Protection Targets and Maximum
Annual Average SO2Concentration
No. Name Maximum
Contributionmg/m3
Percentage standard rate of the contribution
%
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu
Village) 0.00021 0.35
2 Zhaojiashaofang (Shimiao
Village) 0.00027 0.46
3 Shaqu Village 0.00002 0.03
4 Rouyuan Village 0.00015 0.25
5 Government of Rouyuan
Town 0.00010 0.17
6 Fanmiao Primary School 0.00002 0.04
7 Shimiao Primary School 0.00012 0.20
8 Jiaqu Village 0.00013 0.21
9 Shimiao Village 0.00013 0.21
Note: Standard threshold: 0.06mg/m3
Table 7.3.15 Main Ambient Air Protection Targets and Maximum
Annual Average PM10 Concentration
No. Name Maximum
Contributionmg/m3
Percentage standard rate of the contribution
%
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu
Village) 0.00023 0.23
2 Zhaojiashaofang (Shimiao
Village) 0.00030 0.30
3 Shaqu Village 0.00002 0.02
4 Rouyuan Village 0.00017 0.17
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-2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
No. Name Maximum
Contributionmg/m3
Percentage standard rate of the contribution
%
5 Government of Rouyuan
Town 0.00011 0.11
6 Fanmiao Primary School 0.00002 0.02
7 Shimiao Primary School 0.00013 0.13
8 Jiaqu Village 0.00014 0.14
9 Shimiao Village 0.00014 0.14
Note: Standard threshold: 0.10mg/m3
Figure 7.3.6 Isoline Distribution of Maximum Annual Average NO2 Concentration of New
Pollution Sources Under Normal Emission Conditions
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Figure 7.3.7 Isoline Distribution of Maximum Annual Average SO2 Concentration of New
Pollution Sources Under Normal Emission Conditions
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-2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Figure 7.3.8 Isoline Distribution of Maximum Annual Average PM10 Concentration of
New Pollution Sources Under Normal Emission Conditions
It is observed from Table 7.3.13 that the maximum contribution of annual average NO2 concentration of new pollution sources under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.00033mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 0.41%. There
is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.14 that the maximum contribution of annual average SO2 concentration of new pollution sources under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.00027mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 0.46%. There
is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.15 that the maximum contribution of annual average PM10 concentration of new pollution sources under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.00030 mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 0.30%. There
is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
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7.3.10.4 Hourly Concentration of New Pollution Sources under Abnormal Emission
Conditions
If there is abnormal emission, take dust removal efficiency of alkali recovery furnace as 90% and the successive meteorological data of the whole year in the forecast. See Table 7.3.16 for the calculation results.
Table 7.3.16 Main Ambient Air Protection Targets and Maximum Hourly PM10 Concentration
No. Name Maximum
Contributionmg/m3
Percentage standard rate of the contribution %
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village) 0.091 20.2
2 Zhaojiashaofang (Shimiao
Village) 0.053 11.7
3 Shaqu Village 0.032 7.1
4 Rouyuan Village 0.034 7.6
5 Government of Rouyuan Town 0.030 6.7
6 Fanmiao Primary School 0.022 4.9
7 Shimiao Primary School 0.054 12.0
8 Jiaqu Village 0.058 12.8
9 Shimiao Village 0.057 12.7
Maximum value at the mesh point 0.13 28.9
Note: Take triple daily average PM10 concentration in the assessment. Standard threshold:
0.45mg/m3
It is observed from Table 7.3.16, if there is a malefaction of dust removal equipment, the maximum hourly concentration of PM10 at mesh point within the assessment area is 0.13mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 28.9%.
7.3.10.5 Daily average concentration of overlapped pollution sources in Projects
under Construction
Have an overlapped calculation on forecasted daily average concentration of new pollution sources at ambient air protection targets and forecasted daily average concentration of pollution sources at boiler under construction (see related information on source intensity in Table 7.3.3) at corresponding ambient air protection targets to conclude forecasted results of daily average concentration of ambient air protection targets after overlapped calculation as listed in Table 7.3.17~7.3.19.
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TabTabTabTable三le三le三le三7.3.17 Impact of Overlapped Pollution Sources in Projects under
Construction on the Maximum Daily Average NO2 Concentration at Ambient Air
Protection Targets
No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring background
value
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the
Percentage standard
rate of the
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.0033 0.025 0.0283 2.7 23.5
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village)
0.0054 0.019 0.0244 4.5 20.3
3 Shaqu Village 0.0023 0.025 0.0273 1.9 22.8
4 Rouyuan Village 0.0051 / / 4.3 /
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.0045 / / 3.7 /
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.0022 / / 1.9 /
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.0072 / / 6.0 /
8 Jiaqu Village 0.0064 / / 5.3 /
9 Shimiao Village 0.0093 / / 7.7 /
Note: Take current maximum monitoring value at the monitoring site as the background
concentration. Standard threshold: 0.12mg/m3
Table 7.3.18 Impact of Overlapped Pollution Sources in Projects under Construction on
the Maximum Daily Average SO2 Concentration at Ambient Air Protection Targets
No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring background
value
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the
Percentage standard
rate of the
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.0015 0.029 0.0305 1.0 20.3
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village)
0.0020 0.062 0.0640 1.3 42.7
3 Shaqu Village 0.0007 0.066 0.0667 0.5 44.5
4 Rouyuan Village 0.0018 / / 1.2 /
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.0014 / / 0.9 /
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.0006 / / 0.4 /
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.0022 / / 1.4 /
8 Jiaqu Village 0.0018 / / 1.2 /
9 Shimiao Village 0.0031 / / 2.1 /
Note: Take current maximum monitoring value at the monitoring site as the background concentration.
Standard threshold: 0.15mg/m3
Table 7.3.19 Impact of Overlapped Pollution Sources in Projects under Construction on
the Maximum Daily Average PM10 Concentration at Ambient Air Protection Targets
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No. Name Maximum
Contribution mg/m
3
Monitoring background
value
Overlapped value
mg/m3
Percentage standard
rate of the
Percentage standard
rate of the
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.0014 0.18 0.1814 1.0 121.0
2
Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village)
0.0017 0.16 0.1617 1.1 107.8
3 Shaqu Village 0.0005 0.18 0.1805 0.3 120.3
4 Rouyuan Village 0.0014 / / 0.9 /
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.0010 / / 0.6 /
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.0004 / / 0.3 /
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.0016 / / 1.0 /
8 Jiaqu Village 0.0013 / / 0.9 /
9 Shimiao Village 0.0023 / / 1.6 /
Note: Take current maximum monitoring value at the monitoring site as the background concentration.
Standard threshold: 0.15mg/m3
It is observed from Table 7.3.17 that the maximum contribution of daily average overlapped NO2 concentration of pollution sources in Projects under Construction under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.0093mg/m
3, with a
percentage standard rate of 7.7%. The maximum value after overlapping with the background value is 0.0283 mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 23.5%. There
is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.18 that the maximum contribution of daily average overlapped SO2 concentration of pollution sources in Projects under Construction under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.0031 mg/m
3, with a
percentage standard rate of 2.1%. The maximum value after overlapping with the background value is 0.0667mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 44.5 %. There
is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.19 that the maximum contribution of daily average overlapped PM10 concentration of pollution sources in Projects under Construction under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.0023 mg/m
3, with a
percentage standard rate of 1.6%. The maximum value after overlapping with the background value is 0.1814 mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate of 121.0%. The
background value of PM10 exceeds standard is mainly because that the area locates at the edge of Tenger Desert, where is dry and windiness, with low vegetation cover and impacted much by road dust.
7.3.10.6 Annual Average Concentration of Overlapped Pollution Sources in Projects
under Construction
Have an overlapped calculation on forecasted annual average concentration of new pollution sources at ambient air protection targets and forecasted annual average concentration of pollution sources at boiler under construction at corresponding
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ambient air protection targets to conclude forecasted results of annual average concentration of ambient air protection targets after overlapped calculation as listed in Table 7.3.20~7.3.22.
Table 7.3.20 Impact of Overlapped Pollution Sources in Projects under Construction on
the Annual Average NO2 Concentration at Ambient Air Protection Targets
No. Name Maximum Contributionmg/m3
Percentage standard rate of the contribution %
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.00043 0.5
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village) 0.00117 1.5
3 Shaqu Village 0.00016 0.2
4 Rouyuan Village 0.00094 1.2
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.00080 1.0
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.00018 0.2
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.00060 0.8
8 Jiaqu Village 0.00135 1.7
9 Shimiao Village 0.00042 0.5
Standard threshold: 0.08mg/m3
Table 7.3.21 Impact of Overlapped Pollution Sources in Projects under Construction on
the Annual Average SO2 Concentration at Ambient Air Protection Targets
No. Name Maximum Contributionmg/m3
Percentage standard rate of the contribution %
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.00025 0.4
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village) 0.00046 0.8
3 Shaqu Village 0.00005 0.1
4 Rouyuan Village 0.00032 0.5
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.00025 0.4
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.00006 0.1
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.00022 0.4
8 Jiaqu Village 0.00040 0.7
9 Shimiao Village 0.00019 0.3
Standard threshold: 0.06mg/m3
Table 7.3.22 Impact of Overlapped Pollution Sources in Projects under Construction on
the Annual Average PM10 Concentration at Ambient Air Protection Targets
No. Name Maximum Contributionmg/m3
Percentage standard rate of the contribution %
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No. Name Maximum Contributionmg/m3
Percentage standard rate of the contribution %
1 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.00025 0.2
2 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village) 0.00039 0.4
3 Shaqu Village 0.00004 0.1
4 Rouyuan Village 0.00025 0.2
5 Government of Rouyuan Town
0.00018 0.2
6 Fanmiao Primary
School 0.00004 0.1
7 Shimiao Primary
School 0.00018 0.2
8 Jiaqu Village 0.00027 0.3
9 Shimiao Village 0.00017 0.2
Standard threshold: 0.10mg/m3
It is observed from Table 7.3.20 that the maximum contribution of annual average overlapped NO2 concentration of pollution sources in Projects under Construction
under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.00135mg/m3, with a
percentage standard rate of 1.7%. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.21 that the maximum contribution of annual average overlapped SO2 concentration of pollution sources in Projects under Construction under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.00046 mg/m
3, with a
percentage standard rate of 0.8%. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.22 that the maximum contribution of annual average
overlapped PM10 concentration of pollution sources in Projects under Construction under normal emission on ambient air protection targets is 0.00039 mg/m
3, with a
percentage standard rate of 0.4%. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
7.3.10.7 Daily Average Concentration of “Negative Overlapped” Reduced Pollution
Sources
According to the meteorological data on the day with the maximum daily average ground concentration of new pollution sources overlapped with pollution sources in
projects under construction (take concentrations of SO2 PM10 on the 223 th day in
2010), have a negative overlapped calculation by subtracting the forecasted daily average concentration of overlapped pollution sources at ambient air protection targets by forecasted daily average concentration of reduced pollution sources at ambient air protection targets at corresponding date to conclude forecasted results of daily average concentration of ambient air protection targets after negative overlapped calculation as listed in Table 7.3.23~7.3.24.
Table 7.3.23 Overlapped Impact of Reduced Pollution Sources on the Maximum Daily
Average SO2Concentration of Ambient Air Protection Targets
Standard threshold: 0.15mg/m3
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Name
Contribution of overlapped
pollution sources mg/m
3
Contribution of reduced
pollution sources mg/m
3
Contribution of negative
overlapped pollution sources
mg/m3
Percentage standard rate of
negative overlapped pollution sources
%
Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.00025 -0.0003 -0.0001 -0.03
Zhaojiashaofang (Shimiao Village)
0.00046 0 0.0005 0.31
Shaqu Village 0.00005 0 0.0001 0.03
Rouyuan Village 0.00032 0 0.0003 0.21
Government of Rouyuan Town
0.00025 0 0.0003 0.17
Fanmiao Primary School
0.00006 -0.0033 -0.0032 -2.16
Shimiao Primary School
0.00022 -0.0050 -0.0048 -3.19
Jiaqu Village 0.00040 0 0.0004 0.27
Shimiao Village 0.00019 -0.0055 -0.0053 -3.54
Table 7.3.24 Overlapped Impact of Reduced Pollution Sources on the Maximum Daily
Average PM10 Concentration of Ambient Air Protection Targets
Standard threshold: 0.15mg/m3
Name
Contribution of overlapped
pollution sources mg/m
3
Contribution of reduced
pollution sources mg/m
3
Contribution of negative
overlapped pollution source
mg/m3
Percentage standard rate of
negative overlapped pollution sources
%
Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.0014 -0.0002 0.0012 0.80
Zhaojiashaofang (Shimiao Village)
0.0017 0 0.0017 1.13
Shaqu Village 0.0005 0 0.0005 0.33
Rouyuan Village 0.0014 0 0.0014 0.93
Government of Rouyuan Town
0.0010 0 0.0010 0.67
Fanmiao Primary School
0.0004 -0.0005 -0.0001 -0.07
Shimiao Primary School
0.0016 -0.0013 0.0003 0.20
Jiaqu Village 0.0013 0 0.0013 0.87
Shimiao Village 0.0023 -0.0021 0.0002 0.13
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It is observed from Table 7.3.23 that there are both positive and negative SO2
contributions after “negative overlapped” calculation of ambient air protection targets, which indicates that the background value of SO2 contributions of some ambient air protection targets are reduced, and ambient air quality is improved due to the combined impacts of new pollution sources, pollution sources in projects
under construction and reduced pollution sources. The maximum contribution after “negative overlapped” calculation is 0.0005mg/m
3, with a percentage standard rate
of 0.31%. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
It is observed from Table 7.3.24 that there are both positive and negative PM10
contributions after “negative overlapped” calculation of ambient air protection targets, which indicates that the background value of absorbable particles contributions of some ambient air protection targets are reduced, and ambient air quality is improved due to the combined impacts of new pollution sources, pollution sources in projects under construction and reduced pollution sources. The maximum contribution after “negative overlapped” calculation is 0.0017mg/m3, with a
percentage standard rate of 1.13%. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
7.3.10.8 Annual Concentration of “Negative Overlapped” Reduced Pollution Sources
Have a negative overlapped calculation by subtracting the forecasted annual average concentration of new pollution sources at ambient air protection targets by forecasted annual average concentration of pollution sources in projects under construction at ambient air protection targets to conclude forecasted results of annual average concentration of ambient air protection targets after negative
overlapped calculation as listed in Table 7.3.25~7.3.26.
Table 7.3.25 Overlapped Impact of Reduced Pollution Sources on the Maximum Daily
Average SO2 Concentration of Ambient Air Protection Targets
Standard threshold: 0.06mg/m3
Name
Contribution of overlapped pollution
sources mg/m3
Contribution of reduced pollution
sources mg/m3
Contribution of negative
overlapped pollution
source mg/m
3
Percentage standard rate of negative overlapped pollution sources
%
Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.00025 -0.0002 0.0001 0.08
Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village) 0.00046 -0.0008 -0.0003 -0.57
Shaqu Village 0.00005 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.25
Rouyuan Village 0.00032 -0.0008 -0.0005 -0.80
Government of Rouyuan Town
0.00025 -0.0009 -0.0007 -1.08
Fanmiao Primary School
0.00006 -0.0002 -0.0001 -0.23
Shimiao Primary School
0.00022 -0.0004 -0.0002 -0.30
Jiaqu Village 0.00040 -0.0010 -0.0006 -1.00
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Shimiao Village 0.00019 -0.0002 0 0
Table 7.3.26 Overlapped Impact of Reduced Pollution Sources on the Maximum Annual
Average PM10 Concentration of Ambient Air Protection Targets
Standard threshold: 0.10mg/m3
Name
Contribution of overlapped pollution
sources mg/m3
Contribution of reduced pollution
sources mg/m3
Contribution of negative
overlapped pollution
source mg/m3
Percentage standard rate of negative overlapped pollution sources
%
Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu Village)
0.00025 -0.0003 -0.00005 -0.05
Zhaojiashaofang (Shimiao Village)
0.00039 -0.0004 -0.00001 -0.01
Shaqu Village 0.00004 0 0.00004 0.04
Rouyuan Village 0.00025 -0.0003 -0.00005 -0.05
Government of Rouyuan Town
0.00018 -0.0002 -0.00002 -0.02
Fanmiao Primary School
0.00004 0 0.00004 0.04
Shimiao Primary School
0.00018 -0.0002 -0.00002 -0.02
Jiaqu Village 0.00027 -0.0002 0.00007 0.07
Shimiao Village 0.00017 -0.0002 -0.00003 -0.03
It is observed from Table 7.3.25~7.3.26 that, after the completion of planned project,
the SO2陶PM10 contribution of most ambient air protection targets after “negative
overlapped” calculation on annual average concentration within the assessment
scope are negative, which indicates that the background value of annual average
concentrations of air pollutants at some ambient air protection targets are reduced,
and ambient air quality is improved due to the combined impacts of new pollution
sources, pollution sources in projects under construction and reduced pollution
sources. There is no standard exceeding in annual average contribution and no much
impact.
7.4 Protection Distance for Fugitive Emission
7.4.1 Definition of Protection Distance in Atmospheric Environment
Calculate the protection distance of fugitive emission at wastewater treatment station of the project according to standard calculation method released by the Laboratory
of Assessment Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection to conclude the results as listed in Table 7.4.1.
Table 7.4.1 Calculation Results of Protection Distance in Atmospheric Environment
Unit Adjustment Sludge Dewatering
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pool Workshop
Length of the surface source (diameter)
m 34 17
Width of the surface source (diameter)
m 34 17
Effective height of the surface source
m 6.5 3
H2S kg/h 0.0054 0.012 Pollutants emission ratio NH3 kg/h 0.015 0.0059
H2S mg/m3 0.01 0.01 Hourly assessment
standard NH3 mg/m3 0.20 0.20
Protection distance in atmospheric environment
m With no point
exceeding
standard
With no point exceeding standard
It is observed from Table 7.4.1 that it does not need to set a protection distance in atmospheric environment for fugitive emission in the project.
7.4.2 Definition of Sanitation Protection Distance
Fugitive emission is calculated as follows:
Qc/cm=1/A(BLC+0.25r
2)0.50
LD
In it: cm—— Standard concentration threshold, mg/m3陶
L—— Sanitation protection distance required by industrial enterprises, m陶
r—— equivalent diameter of the production unit where there is fugitive emission
of hazardous gas, m [calculate according to the floor area of the production unit
S陶m2陶, r =陶S/π陶0.5
]陶
A陶B陶C陶D—— Calculation coefficient of the sanitation protection distance;
Qc—— fugitive emission of hazardous gas in industrial enterprises can reach a
controlled level, kg/h陶
It is observed from 7.2.2.2 that the monthly average wind speed within the statistical year in project area focuses on 2.6m/s, which falls in the section of 2~4m/s. As for
fugitive emission of H2S NH3, there is no funnel discharging similar type of
hazardous gases, and the acceptable concentration of hazardous substances under fugitive emission is determined by chronic reaction index. Therefore, the pollution sources with fugitive emission are classified as Type III. See Table 7.4.2 for calculated sanitation protection distance and related parameters under fugitive emission.
7.4.2 Calculation Sheet Of Sanitation Protection Distance
Unit Adjustment pool Sludge Dewatering
Workshop
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H2S kg/h 0.0054 0.012 Qc
NH3 kg/h 0.015 0.0059
H2S mg/m3 0.01 0.01
cm NH3 mg/m
3 0.20 0.20
A / 350 350
B / 0.021 0.021
C / 1.85 1.85
D / 0.84 0.84
r m 17 8.5
H2S m 41 94 L
NH3 m 4.5 3.4
Sanitation protection distance
m 100 100
7.4.3 Summary of Protection Distance under Fugitive Emission
It does not need to set a protection distance in atmospheric environment for fugitive emission in the project. The sanitation protection distance in adjustment pool and sludge dewatering workshop for fugitive emission are both 100 m. There is no residential area and other sensitive sites within corresponding protection area and there shall be no residential areas, markets and schools within the protection distance.
7.5 Conclusion of Atmospheric Environmental Impact Assessment
1 After it put into production, the maximum contribution of hourly NO2 SO2
concentration of new pollution sources at mesh points under maximum hourly
ground meteorological conditions account for 5.8% and 2.4% of the standard threshold respectively. Overlapped values of hourly NO2 and SO2 concentration at ambient air protection targets account for 15.8%, 15.4% of the standard threshold. There is no standard exceeding in overlapped background value.
2 After it put into production, the contribution of maximum ground
concentration at mesh points of new pollution sources at the meteorological conditions of maximum daily average NO2, SO2 and PM10 ground concentration
account for 2.2% 1.4% 1.5% of the standard threshold respectively with no
standard exceeding. The overlapped values of daily NO2, SO2 and PM10
concentrations at ambient air protection targets account for 22.0%, 44.2% and 120.8% of the standard threshold respectively. The background value of PM10 exceeds standard is mainly because that the area locates at the edge of Tenger Desert, where is dry and windiness, with low vegetation cover and impacted much by road dust.
3 After it put into production, the contribution of maximum annual average
NO2 SO2 and PM10 concentration on ambient air protection targets account for
0.41% 0.46% 0.30% of the standard threshold with no standard exceeding.
4 If there is a malfunction of dust removal equipment of alkali recovery furnace
in the project, take triple of the daily average PM10 concentration in the assessment. The maximum concentration contribution at mesh points is 28.9%. The maximum
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contribution of hourly PM10 concentration on ambient air protection targets accounts for 20.2% of the percentage standard rate with no standard exceeding.
5 The maximum contribution of daily average NO2 SO2 and PM10
concentration of pollution sources in projects under construction on ambient air
protection targets after overlapped calculation accounts for 7.7% 2.1% 1.6% of
the standard threshold. The maximum value of daily average NO2 SO2 and PM10
concentration after overlapping with background values at ambient air protection
targets account for 23.5% 44.5% 121.0% of the standard threshold. The
background value of PM10 exceeds standard is mainly because that the area locates at the edge of Tenger Desert, where is dry and windiness, with low vegetation cover and impacted much by road dust.
6 The maximum contribution of annual average NO2 SO2 and PM10
concentration at ambient air protection targets after overlapping with pollution
sources in projects under construction account for 1.7% 0.8% 0.4% of the
standard threshold with no standard exceeding.
7 There are both positive and negative SO2 contributions after overlapping with
pollution sources in projects under construction and “negative overlapping” with reduced pollution sources, which indicates that the background value of SO2
contributions of some ambient air protection targets are reduced, and ambient air quality is improved due to the combined impacts of new pollution sources, pollution sources in projects under construction and reduced pollution sources. The maximum contribution after “negative overlapped” calculation is 0.0005mg/m
3, with a
percentage standard rate of 0.31%. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
8 There are both positive and negative PM10 contributions after overlapping
with pollution sources in projects under construction and “negative overlapping”
with reduced pollution sources, which indicates that the background value of PM10
contributions of some ambient air protection targets are reduced, and ambient air quality is improved due to the combined impacts of new pollution sources, pollution sources in projects under construction and reduced pollution sources. The maximum contribution after “negative overlapped” calculation is 0.0017mg/m
3, with a
percentage standard rate of 1.13%. There is no standard exceeding and no much impact.
9 It does not need to set a protection distance in atmospheric environment for
fugitive emission in the project. The sanitation protection distance in adjustment pool and sludge dewatering workshop for fugitive emission are both 100 m. There is no residential area and other sensitive sites within corresponding protection area and there shall be no residential areas, markets and schools within the protection distance.
In a word, there is no much impact on assessment area and the air quality in sensitive areas of air pollutants discharged after the planned project is put into production.
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8 Analysis of Impact on Water Environment
8.1 Analysis of Wastewater Quality
8.1.1 Wastewater Production in Existing and Planned Projects
Wastewater in existing project is mainly produced in selection by washing in
pulping workshop, middle stage effluent in bleaching process, remaining white
water in papermaking workshop, workshop washing water, domestic wastewater,
part of sewage discharged from circulating cooling water and sewage discharged by
chemical water workshop of boiler. Wastewater to be produced in planned project
include middle stage effluent in extracting, selecting and bleaching processes,
contaminated condensate in alkali recovery workshop and domestic water.
The wastewater is to be discharged into existing self-wastewater treatment station,
after the planned project has been completed, for disposal. The designed capacity of
self-wastewater treatment station is 60000m3/d, now it can handle 52096m
3/d of
wastewater. The wastewater produced by the whole factory is to be 45511m3/d. It
means that existing self-wastewater treatment station is capable of handling the
wastewater produced in planned project. See Table 3.4.2 for wastewater amount and
quality of inlet and outlet water in wastewater station of existing project, planned
project and the whole factory.
8.1.2 Wastewater Discharge Direction
It applies a sewage treatment plan for water outlet after treatment in primary sedimentation tank + regulating reservoir + selection tank + aeration tank + secondary sedimentation tank + coagulating sedimentation, which is to be discharged into oxidation pond when meeting the Standard of Joint Production Enterprise for Paper Pulp and Papermaking as stated in Table 2 of Discharge
Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry (GB3544 - 2008) to be filled into oxidation pond,which is to be used for irrigation of forest base and shall not be discharged into surface water. See Chapter 8.2.7.2 for seepage proofing measures applied in the oxidation pond.
See chapter on wastewater prevention measures (14.2.1) for the standard conformance feasibility of wastewater quality after treatment.
Under normal working conditions, wastewater produced in the factory shall be used for irrigation of forest base after reaching standard through treatment in oxidation pond.
If there is accident in wastewater treatment station, it cannot treat the inlet sewage or the treatment efficiency shall be reduced greatly. The wastewater produced in the project shall be discharged into oxidation pond directly at that time, which shall certainly produce serious impact on the soil and groundwater in forest base, thus
impacts local groundwater quality. Therefore, if there is a malfunction of supporting wastewater treatment system of planned project, it shall stop production in order to reduce the impact of outlet wastewater into the minimum level.
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8.1.3 Qualification Analysis on Dioxin and AOX
1. Analysis on AOX qualification feasibility at outlet of pulping line
All exiting pulping lines apply liquid chlorine bleaching technology. According to actual monitoring, AOX in wastewater discharged at outlet of supporting pulping line 2# and stage 4 bleaching workshop, supporting pulping line 3# and new stage 3
bleaching workshop reaches 72mg/L, 17.7 mg/L separately, which exceeds the standard threshold of 12 mg/L as stated in the Discharge Standard of Water
Pollutants for Paper Industry (GB3544 - 2008). With the implementation of planned project, pulping line 3# is to be stopped, line 2# is to be reconstructed for enclosed selection and the it shall also apply element chlorine free ClO2 for bleaching, which can reduce AOX emission greatly in the pulping process.
Comparing with AOX production in similar domestic and foreign pulping factories, the production of AOX in wastewater is also different with the difference of bleaching technology. If it applies a four-stage bleaching technology of A/D0-EOP-D1-D2, the production of AOX is about 0.37kg/ADt.
It also applies a four-stage ECF bleaching technology of D0-EOP-D1-D2 in the planned project. It applies the same bleaching process in Hainan Jinhai Pump and Papermaking Co., Ltd with the planned project. Both apply chlorine dioxide (D1) for bleaching in stage III and the last stage. The AOX concentration in wastewater is 10.47陶11.67mg/L. Therefore, it plans to apply a four-stage ECF bleaching technology of D0-EOP-D1-D2 in the bleaching process of the project, which can satisfy AOX control requirement for wastewater discharged by pulping line as stated in the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry (GB3544 - 2008) (i.e. AOX≤12mg/L).
2. Qualification feasibility analysis on dioxin at outlet of pulping line
It plans to apply a four-stage ECF bleaching technology of D0-EOP-D1-D2 in the bleaching process of the planned project. Among chemicals as listed in appendix C of Convention of Stockholm, only PCDD and PCDF are determined as produced in bleaching with element chlorine. Among 17 PCDD/PCDF derivatives replaced by chlorine in 2, 3, 7, 8 valent, only two, 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF are determined as produced in bleaching with chlorine gas in chemical pumping process.
Therefore, US EPA recommends replacing chlorine gas by chlorine dioxide in bleaching and combing the use of modern pumping technology, including oxygen delignification and fine unbleaching pump washing technology.
It issues an emission standard of dioxin in wastewater produced by bleaching
workshop by US EPA in 1998, which requires 2,3,7,8- TCDD to be less than 10 pg/L, 2,3,7,8 – TCDF less than 31.9 pq/L. According to the toxic equivalent factor amended by WHO, the dioxin emission threshold in wastewater produced in bleaching workshop is 13.19 pqTEQ/L. That is the strictest threshold requirement on dioxin in wastewater produced in pumping and bleaching processes in the world. With the application of ECF bleaching and modernized pulping technology, the pulping industry in US has satisfied the requirement completely.
According to U.S. experiences and other similar domestic and foreign enterprises, dioxin in wastewater produced in pulping line shall be ≤20 pg TEQ /L, which can satisfy the controlled threshold requirement of 30 pqTEQ/L on dioxin as stated in the
Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry (GB3544 - 2008).
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8.2 Analysis of Impact on Groundwater Environment
According to the drilling data of Meili Paper Company (See Figure 8.2.1: Drilling
Stratum Column of Well 3# as One of Water Intake Wells of Enterprise), the surface
layer of stratum is 19 – 23 meters of sand gravel, and the next is 5 – 7meters of clay
bed with good contamination prevention function, and it is far from the protection
area for local drinking water. With a small water intake of 19046m3/d, so the
groundwater in the project is classified as Grade III in the assessment according to
the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment – Groundwater
Environment (HJ610-2011).
The planned project is in the east of the water resources protection area of Shapotou
District (about 6 km away). Both the planned project and the protection area locate
at the left bank of the Yellow River and are about 2 km away from the Yellow
River. Therefore, there is no much difference between the hydro geological
conditions of the two sites. It quotes related parts in Hydro-geological Assessment
Report of Shapotou District, Zhongwei City in the Chapter to illustrate the hydro-
geological conditions in planned project site.
8.2.1 Terrain Features
The project site locates above the first, second level terrace of Yellow River alluvial
plains in Zhongwei City. With uniform landform, the Quaternary system is quite
thick. It belongs to an accumulated type, an alluvial plain, with a high terrain in
northwest and low in southeast direction, gently slope to the Yellow River and about
1.5‰ of ground sloping. The land is flat and open with a relative altitude difference
of about 27 m and average altitude of 1200 meters. There are criss-cross irrigation
and drainage channels all through the area with no obvious terraces except artificial
barriers along the bank of Yellow River.
With an upland landform in oxidation pond area, the general altitude is 1270陶1285
meters. Due to the long term cutting of surface runoff, “U”-shape valleys have been
formed. The valleys are mainly distributed from north to south. There are no
landslide and other harmful geological conditions through survey in the area.
8.2.2 Aquifer Distribution, Structure and Hydro-geological Features
With relatively simple hydro-geological conditions, the storage of groundwater
around the factory boundary is mainly controlled by factors like stratum, landform,
hydrology, meteorology and structure, which can be classified as the same
geological unit. The Yellow River runs from Shanpopo District to Zhongwei fault
basin through Heishanxia Valley, which is relatively broad, thus sediments
accumulate due to lowered carrying capacity of the Yellow River and forms
Zhongwei Plain during long term geological changes and evolution. Under the
control of geology and structure, in addition to 1.4-4.6m of clay in plain surface,
there is thick gravel layer under it with holes filled by silts and fine sand and no
stable water resisting layer. The aquifer is characterized by loose, gap and thick
structure. Meanwhile, it also features in stable aquifer, shallow groundwater level,
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and good water quality and water richness with a general depth of water level of 3 –
4 meters in dry season. However, there is potential danger on ground water pollution
due to human activities.
With an upland landform in oxidation pond area, the valleys are mainly distributed
from north to south. With surface covered by medium sand, fine sand, the lower part
is composed of sandstone, shaly sand, sand mudstone and mudstones formed in
Hongliugou form in Miocene Series of tertiary system (N1h). In terms of
lithological characters, it is a relative impermeable layer. It does not find neighbor
valleys lower than reservoir water level in the terrain map of the area. Set three
geological cross sections, one ring geological section along periphery of oxidation
pond in reservoir area, and have a comprehensive analysis according to water
pressure test of drilling hole and indoor penetration test on the dam site of oxidation
pond 4#, left reservoir bank of oxidation pond 4#, right reservoir bank of oxidation
pond 1#, medium permeable layer distributed at the downstream stratum of
oxidation pond 4# with a rock soil permeable rate of q>10Lu (K>10-4m/s), it
found that there are different extents of penetration.
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Figure 8.2.1 Column of the Drilling Stratum
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8.2.3 Groundwater Supply, Runoff and Discharge
There are 12,100,000 m3
of ground water resources in Shapotou District (quoted from
Development and Utilization of Water Resources and Ecological Environment
Assessment in Ningxia issued by Ningxia Hydrology Water Resources Survey Bureau
in September 2005). According to Hydrology Survey Report on Water Supply of
Water Resources in Zhongwei Ningxia, the ground water dynamics of the area has
close relationship with water running and irrigation of canals for farmland. The depth
of water level in dry seal from January to March is 3 – 4 meters, while, it increases
rapidly to 1 – meters in irrigation period by the end of April, in the middle of
November with an annual change of water level between 1.62-3.77 meters.
The main supply of ground water in the area comes from the infiltration of water
running of canals and farmland irrigation in irrigated area with Yellow River, and
then is the lateral runoff supply of ground water and infiltration supply of rainfall.
Among them, farmland irrigation supply accounts for 34%, infiltration supply of
canal system accounts for 37%, rainfall supply accounts for 2%, and lateral runoff
supply accounts for 27%. The overall running direction of ground water is from
northwest to southeast with a hydraulic gradient of 1.5‰ approximately, which is
discharged into the Yellow River finally. The groundwater is discharged by drainage
ditch, evaporation from phreatic water and artificial exploitation.
8.2.4 Status-quo Quality of Ground Water
On August 11 to 12, 2011, it took a status-quo monitoring on ground water quality at three points at the factory boundary and upstream, downstream of it (factory boundary, Shimiao Village at upstream of it and Jiaqu Village at the downstream of it) by Zhongwei Environmental Monitoring Central Station. According to the monitoring results, the maximum standard index is 0.969, which is the overall harness factor and locates at the monitoring point in Shimiao Village. It has the underground water feature in north. In a word, water of every monitoring well meets the standard
requirements of type III as stated in GB/T14848-93 Groundwater Standard (see Table 5.3.4 for details).
8.2.5 Drinking Water Protection Area in Shapotou District, Zhongwei City
The scope of protection area at every level in drinking water protection area at Shapotou District, Zhongwei are as follows. See Figure 8.2.2 for details.
Scope of Level 1 protection area: With south boundary at the left bank of the
Yellow River, west boundary at Niutan Road, North boundary at main street from east
to west in Shapotou District and east boundary at Yingli Road, the level 1 protection
area (including the scope of 6 square kilometers for planned second water resources
site) is 8.2 kilometers long from east to west and 3.9 kilometers wide from south to
north. The total area is 25.5 square kilometers.
Scope of Level 2 protection area: It considers that the main supply of
groundwater comes from northwest in the boundary division of level 2 protection
area. Therefore, it enlarges in the west and north appropriately and reduces in the east
and south correspondingly. With the south boundary of the left bank of the Yellow
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River, west boundary of the west wall of water resistance troop, north boundary of
Miaoqu – Wupu road and east boundary of Huaiyuan Road, the level 2 protection area
is 9.6 kilometers long from east to west and 5.3 kilometers wide from south to north.
The total area is 38 square kilometers.
Scope of the quasi protection area:::: According to the distribution range of
aquifer in Quaternary system in Shapotou District, groundwater runoff direction and location of the secondary water resource, it sets quasi protection area at northwest outside the level 1 and level 2 protection areas in order to guarantee the water quality. With the east boundary of Hanzha Road – Beigan canal – Xiangshan Road – Ningmeng, south boundary of the north boundary of level 2 protection area, west boundary of Xiaheyan ferry – Railway Wild Grass Lake – Diaopoliang – Ningmeng and north boundary of Ningmeng provincial boundary, the total area of quasi protection area is 119 square kilometers.
It is observed from the division of protection area that the planned project is at the
east of the protection area (6 kilometers away), which is outside the protection area
and the direction of groundwater flow is runoff from northwest to southeast, i.e. the
planned project locates outside the supply and drainage scope of the protection area
and has no impact on the protection area.
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Figure 8.2.2 Division of the Water Resources Protection Area
Project location
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8.2.6 Analysis of Impact on Groundwater Environment
Main supply for phreatic water in planned project area: farmland irrigation, 34%;
infiltration of canal system, 37%; infiltration of rainfall, 2%; lateral runoff, 27%.
There is a fourth drainage ditch running across the factory boundary of planned
project. Now, it has been required by Meili Paper Company to stop discharge into
the ditch under the instruction of environmental protection authority. All sewage and
wastewater are to be discharged into oxidation pond after treatment in wastewater
treatment station, and send to forest base for irrigation finally.
It is concluded from analysis that the main impact on phreatic water of the planned
project is supply pollution on groundwater by rainfall filtration and main pollution
on pressure water is indirect pollution resulted by leakage-releasing water
complement to pressure water by contaminated phereatic water.
According to above analysis, the main impacts on ground water of the planned
project are as follows.
1. Pollutants brought about by rainfall to sludge, leaching solution of
ash scatted in factory boundary and water seepage are COD, SS with no toxic
constituents.
For this pollution way, if there is continuous and high intensity of seepage due to
ground surface pollution discharge, it may lead to the pollution of shallow
groundwater, and impact groundwater quality indirectly under the close hydraulic
relationship of water-bearing zones. Therefore, it shall pay special attention to the
protection of ground water environment in project area during project construction
and operation. The construction party of project shall apply active measures for
seepage, leakage prevention, wastewater and waste residues collection and disposal
to eliminate bad impact on groundwater environment to its best.
2. Seepage resulted by accidental burst, ooze, drip and leak during the
transportation of chemicals and effluents;
If there is accident resulted by improper handling of wastewater discharged in
project production, and result that water unqualified for emission, it will have an
impact on the treatment efficiency of oxidation pond, and then impact the
underground water quality by irrigation seepage during forest base irrigation.
3. Foundation seepage of oxidation pond
According to drilling pressure water test and indoor seepage test, the soil layers in
the dam site are in the following sequence.
(a) Filling of dam foundation in the surface, it is mainly fine sand and grits, with a osmotic coefficient of K=4.0×10
-4 cm /s. The inside of dam body is
cement protected slope. The filling of dam body is determined as medium permeable formation.
(b) Sand and round gravel: alluvial deposits with a osmotic coefficient of K=6.0×10
-2 ~3.0×10
-3cm /s, which is determined as medium ~ strong
permeable formation.
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(c) Interbedding of shaly sand and sand mudstone: light red, layer structure, argillaceous cement, mud-granule structure, with less cement degree and can be crumbed by hand. The core of rock shows as discrete, column forms with a permeable rate of q=1.6~20lu陶K=1.6×10
-5~2.0×10
-4cm /s陶,
which is determined as medium ~ weak permeable formation.
(d) Sand mudstone: light red, thick layer, with no development of joint fissure, small development of weathered fissure and with complete rock mass and a permeable rate of q陶5.0lu陶K陶5.0×10
-5cm /s陶, which is
determined as weak permeable formation.
Since there is no effective seepage proof for dam foundation at the earlier stage, there is obvious seepage in oxidation 4#, and there is water seepage in downstream lowland of the dam foundation. Effective seepage proof measures are required.
8.2.7 Control Measures for Prevention of Ground Water Pollution
8.2.7.1 Active Control Measures
It takes into account of related control measures in design on production technology, equipment and general drawing in order to reduce accidental burst, ooze, drip and leak during production process and prevent groundwater pollution. The specific measures are as follows.
1. Measures on Process Control 三
(a) Have a centralized layout for materials according to their physical properties as far as possible in equipment easy to be leaked in area where production equipments installed, such as in chemical preparation process, temporary pilling site of white mud. Set floor drains within the coffer and the coffer surface shall be paved with impermeable materials.
(b) Install double valves for equipments and pipelines for storage and transportation of toxic and hazardous media, establish special liquid waste collection system for various liquids containing toxic and hazardous medias discharged by equipments and pipes and install within the equipment boundaries.
(c) In addition to set fire dike for chemical storage tank area according to requirements of Code for Design of Fire-dike in Storage Tank Farm (GB50351-2005), it shall apply seepage proof measures for ground and dike of the fire dike.
2. Prevention Measures for Equipment 三
Improve sealing levels of various pumps transporting chemical materials used in process; provide integrated catch tray or basin type catch base for all rotating equipments (including lubricant system) and the catch tray or catch basin at base must be sloped to the drove end at least in a slope of 1陶120; the based shall be extended under assembling unit of droved equipment and driving system; the screw hole used for liquor drainage must be 2 inches (2NPS) wide at lest and all catch liquor shall be collected and discharged together.
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3. Prevention and Control Measures of Building Structure 三
(a) Apply seepage prevention measures for all structures for storage of sewage and drainage (including wastewater treatment facilities, inlet for storm water and inspection wells) according to zones.
(b) The maximum alkali content in concrete shall be conformed to the
regulations as stated in Standard for Maximum Alkali Content in Concrete CECS53 and chlorine salts are forbidden to be used as additive for freeze proofing and early strength in concrete.
8.2.7.2 Passive Control Measures
1. Seepage proofing measures for warehouse of wheat straw clippings
Apply C30 impermeable concrete to integral cast the ground in enclosed warehouse
storing wheat straw clippings and dust. It shall not produce leachate due to rainfall
in enclosed environment, and the wheat straw clippings and dust are to be removed
by neighboring farmers for composting.
2. Prevention measures for white mud (including small amount of green
mud) storage warehouse
White mud produced in factory (including small amount of green mud) is
temporarily stored in semi-enclosed warehouse. Apply C30 impermeable concrete to
integral cast the ground in enclosed warehouse and pave anti-permeate film at the
bottom of it. The sequence of clay layers are as follows: concrete cushion (200 mm),
isolated layer, leveling layer (20 mm), under layer (150 mm), gravel layer (500
mm), and packed soil. The osmotic coefficient shall be guaranteed less than 1.0×10-
7cm/s and add a coffer at periphery (with a height of 500 mm).
3. Prevention measures for white mud piling yard
The solid wastes landfill site of Meili Paper Company locates at Mopanshan
Mountain, which is 12 km away to the north of Zhenluo Town and 20 km away
from Meilin Paper Company. There are a drainage ditch for flood of 2 meters long
and 2 meters wide at both south and north sides of the landfill field, which are
cyclopean rubble masonry. A flood dam of cyclopean rubble masonry is to be
constructed at the west side of piling field for drying of causticizing white mud. A
vertical impermeable layer is to be constructed at the field: construct a 300 mm thick
of clay layer after leveling the bottom; then a 300g/m2 thick of geotextile above it
and then a 300 mm thick of clay layer. Therefore, the osmotic coefficient is less than
1.0×10-7
cm/s, which meets the requirement as stated in Standard for Pollution
Control on the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes
(GB18599-2001).
4.Seepage prevention measures for workshops
Rainfall collection ditches are distributed outside every workshop and sewer ditches
are constructed inside every workshop. Collected wastewater and sewage are to be
delivered to wastewater treatment station to be discharged after qualifying for safe
emission.
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5. Seepage prevention measures for oxidation pond
According to the drilling data, it shows that the surface of oxidation pond area is a shallow layer of residual sand, and then inter-bedding distribution of sandstones, gravels, muddy sandstones, sandy mudstones and mudstones of Tertiary system, which are all argillaceous cement with weak argillaceous degree and thick structure of layers. According to pressurized water test, the permeable rate is q=1.8~41 Lu and osmotic coefficient is K=4.1×10
-4~1.8×10
-5.
According to the requirement on national environmental standard as stated in the Technical Specification of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
Engineering (HJ 2005-2010) of the People’s Republic of China, seepage prevention measures are required at the bottom and side of constructed wetlands and the osmotic coefficient of the impermeable layer is not to be more than 10
-6cm/s. since the
osmotic coefficient of natural rock (soil) mass is more than 10-6
cm/s, it suggests applying seepage prevention measures of horizontal seepage proofing by geomembrane + vertical seepage proofing by soil engineering geomembrane around it at the oxidation pond area.
8.2.7.3 Monitoring on Groundwater Pollution
A groundwater monitoring system shall be established in order to know the
environmental pollution control on groundwater at the project site in time and accurately, including perfect monitoring system, equipping with advanced detecting instruments and devices, setting monitoring wells on pollution of ground water reasonably and scientifically. So it can find pollution and apply control measures for it in time.
Monitoring on groundwater in production area shall be executed according to requirement as stated in Technical Specifications for Environmental Monitoring of
Groundwater (HJ/T164-2004). The pollution monitoring system and management system on groundwater shall be integrated into the environmental management and monitoring system of the whole factory, which include perfect monitoring and
management system, advanced monitoring instruments, scientific monitoring plan to satisfy the need for monitoring on groundwater pollution.
8.2.7.4 Emergency Measures for Groundwater Pollution Accident
Activate emergency treatment plan according to monitoring data and feedback from online monitoring well for groundwater pollution, monitoring well for water quality, thus find groundwater pollution accident and the scope and extent of impact in time in order to provide information for activating emergency measures on groundwater.
8.3 Summary
1. Analysis of Impact on Surface Water Environment
The self-wastewater treatment station is designed to handle 60,000 m3 of wastewater
per day. Now it is 55830m3/d. It can reduce the production of wastewater 43496
m3/d after the planned project put into production, and 33177m
3/d of wastewater
will be added. The wastewater produced by the whole factory is to be 45511m3/d. It
means that wastewater produced in planned project is to be disposed in existing self-
wastewater treatment station, which is to be discharged into oxidation pond after satisfying the Standard of Joint Production Enterprise for Paper Pulp and
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Papermaking as stated in Table 2 of Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for
Paper Industry (GB3544 - 2008) to be filled into oxidation pond,which is to be used for irrigation of forest base finally and shall not be discharged into the surface water. Thus the resulted virtuous circle not only alleviates water resources shortage of the Yellow River, but also avoids discharge pollution on Yellow River water and
improves the economic benefits of enterprises.
2. Analysis of Impact on Groundwater Environment
According to the analysis, the factory site of planned project locates at the outlet
area of groundwater. With good contamination prevention function and it is far from
the protection area for local drinking water. With a small water intake of 19046m3/d,
the construction party applied prevention and emergency plans strictly according to
related standards and technical requirements of the country and constructed by
strictly following design requirements, which can control the adverse impact on
groundwater quality within the assessment area basically.
9. Forecast and Assessment of Impact on Noise
Environment
It applies the Class II standard as stated in Environmental Quality Standard for
Noise in project area. There are three sensitive sites within 100 m around the project,
i.e. Zhaojiashaofang, Shimiao Village which is 45 meters away outside the west
boundary (30 persons in total of 6 households), Shimiao Village 25 meters outside
the north boundary (2071 persons in total of 691 households) and Xiangjiazhuang,
Jiaqu Village neighboring the east boundary (100 persons in total of 20 households).
According to the forecast analysis, the noise increase at the three sensitive sites after
the planned project has put into production are all 0dB(A), which means that the
planned project has no impact on the noise environment at those sensitive sites. The
noise environment quanity in the project area is mainly Level II. Therefore, the
assessment work for impact on noise environment is classified as Class II in the
assessment.
9.1 Source Intensity of Noise
Main noise sources produced in planned project: equipments running in production
workshop. See Table 9.1.1 for main equipments producing noise and noise level of
them in planned project.
Table 9.1.1 List of Main Equipments Producing Noise and Noise Level of Equipment
in Planned Project
Type No. Name Noise level
dB(A) Scope of Coordinate
1 Straw cutter 85-90 Feed preparing
workshop 2 Shredder 85-90
x: 102077-102144 y: -56580- -56533
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3 Circulating
pump 85.0-90.0 Continuous cooking
workshop 4 Water pump 85.0-90.0
x: 102099- 102138 y: -56658- -56637
5 Black liquor
pump 84.0-88.0
6 Pulp pump 84.0-88.0
7 Knotter 85.0-90.0 Screening workshop for black liquor extraction
8 Pressure screening machine
85.0-90.0
x: 102068-102098 y: -56590- -56588
Bleaching workshop 9 Pulp pump 84.0-88.0 x: 102054-102076 y: -56650- -56611
10 Ice water pump 84.0-88.0 Chlorine三dioxide三
preparation三plant三 11 ClO2
Circulating pump
84.0-88.0
x: 101935-101953
y:三-5656月-三-56527三
9.2 Assessment Factor and Assessment Standard
1. The assessment factor is equivalent continuous A-weighted sound
pressure level;
2. It applies the Class IV standard as stated in Emission Standard for
Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB 12348—2008) within the Northern
boundary, and applies the Class II standard as stated in Emission Standard for
Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB 12348—2008) within other
boundaries, i.e. 60dB(A) at day time and 50dB(A) at night time. It applies Class II
standard as stated in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008)
within the boundary, i.e. 60dB(A) at day time and 50dB(A) at night time.
9.3 Forecast Scope and Amount
1. The forecast scope for noise environment is within 100 m outside the
factory boundary of planned project;
2. It is a new project and select contribution according to Guidelines as
forecast amount. There are three sensitive sites within 100m distance around the
project and select the noise sources with maximum contribution on boundary and the
contribution on sensitive sites as forecast amount.
9.4 Sensitive Targets
See Table 9.4.1 for sensitive targets within the assessment scope. It plans to take the
maximum value in current monitoring as the background value for noise forecast.
Table 9.4.1 Sensitive Targets
Background noise value
dB(A) No. Name Direction Distance
m Day Night
1 Zhaojiashaofang, Shimiao Village
W 45 44.8 43.2
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2 Shimiao Village N 25 46.8 45.1
3 Xiangjiazhuang, Jiaqu
Village E Very close to 43.8 42.3
9.5 Forecast Contents
1. Noise forecast
(a) Forecast the distribution of noise contribution within the assessment
scope and provide maximum noise and location within the boundary;
(b) Overlapped value of noise contribution and background value at sensitive
sites
2. Draw a contour map
Provide a contour map within the assessment scope.
9.6 Time Aeriod for Assessment
The noise source in operation period of the project is fixed. So, it takes the period
after fixed noise sources has put into production as the time period for assessment on
environmental impact. At normal conditions, the equipments in planned project run
continuously from day to night, so it takes the whole day as time period for
assessment.
9.7 Forecast Mode
It applies a mode of equidistance attenuation from point source. The sound energy
attenuates gradually when it is transmitted from source to the impacted point under
the influence of transmission distance, air absorption, and obstacle reflection and
shielding.
The calculation of noise impact on environment is as follows:
1 Fundamental formula for geometrical attenuation of non-directional point
source:
)lg(20)()( 00 rrrLrL PP −=
In it: )(rLP — Acoustic pressure level 1 meter away from point source r
dB(A);
)( 0rLP — Acoustic pressure level 2 meters away from point source
r dB(A).
2 Calculation formula for contribution (Leqg) of equivalent sound level produced
by sound source at the forecast point
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AiL
eqg i
i
L 10lg tT
= ∑ 0. 11 10
In it: Leqg— Contribution of equivalent sound level produced by sound
source in construction project at the forecast point, dB(A)
LAi— Sound level A produced by sound source i at the forecast point,
dB(A)
T— Time period for calculation in the forecast s
ti— operation time of sound source i in time period T, s
3 Calculation formula for equivalent sound level forecast at the forecast
point (Leq):
Leqg Leqb
eqL 10lg= 0. 1 0. 110 +10
In it: Leqg— Contribution of equivalent sound level produced by sound
source in construction project at the forecast point,三dB(A图;
Leqb— Background value of the forecast point, dB(A).
4 Generalization of multiple indoor sound sources
陶 i octave band pressure level overlapping formula for all indoor sound
sources:
10.1
p1
1
L ( ) 10lg( 10 )P ij
NL
i
j
T=
= ∑
In it: p1L ( )i T— overlapped acoustic pressure level of i octave band of N
indoor sound sources near the building envelop structure, dB
p1L i j — Acoustic pressure level of i octave band of indoor sound source
j, dB;
陶 Calculation formula for sound power level of outdoor sound sources
equivalent to indoor sources
p2 p1L ( ) L ( ) ( 6)i iT T TLi= − +
In it p2L ( )i T—o verlapped acoustic pressure level of i octave band of N
outdoor sound sources near the building envelop structure, dB
TLi — Sound reduction factor of i octave band in building envelop
structure, dB
陶 Acoustic power level of octave band of equivalent sound source at sound
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entrance area (s) in central position
2 ( ) 10w P
L L T Lgs= +
9.8 Analysis on Forecast Results
• See Figure 9.8.1 for Contour Layout of Noise Contribution after the planned
project has put into production.
• See Table 9.8.1 for the maximum value and coordinates of position by
planned project on factory boundaries
• See Table 9.8.2 for noise contribution and forecast value overlapped with
background value of planned project on sensitive sites.
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Figure 9.8.1 Contour L版西ou蒸 o目 彩o程营e 后 L版西ou蒸 o目 彩o程营e 后 L版西ou蒸 o目 彩o程营e 后 L版西ou蒸 o目 彩o程营e 后oooo网蒸草程bu蒸程o网 版目蒸e草 蒸磅e 脱絮版网网e电 脱草o筛e理蒸 磅版营 脱u蒸 程网蒸o 脱草o电u理蒸程o网、网蒸草程bu蒸程o网 版目蒸e草 蒸磅e 脱絮版网网e电 脱草o筛e理蒸 磅版营 脱u蒸 程网蒸o 脱草o电u理蒸程o网、网蒸草程bu蒸程o网 版目蒸e草 蒸磅e 脱絮版网网e电 脱草o筛e理蒸 磅版营 脱u蒸 程网蒸o 脱草o电u理蒸程o网、网蒸草程bu蒸程o网 版目蒸e草 蒸磅e 脱絮版网网e电 脱草o筛e理蒸 磅版营 脱u蒸 程网蒸o 脱草o电u理蒸程o网、
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Table 9.8.1 Maximum Noise Value and Position at Boundaries
Coordinates (m) Direction
Maximum contribution dB(A) x y
Day East boundary Night
40 102155 -56600
Day West boundary Night
15 101200 -56570
Day South boundary Night
27 102095 -56775
Day
MCC MEILI PAPER INDUSTRY CO., LTD
North boundary Night
30 102075 -56495
According to predicted assessment results in Figure 9.8.1 and Table 9.8.1, the
maximum noise contribution comes from the east factory boundary (40 dB(A))
within the whole factory after the planned project has been completed, i.e. feed
preparation workshop is the biggest noise source. Since the monitoring point for
current status at the east boundary matches with the maximum contribution of the
east boundary, it can conclude the noise value at east boundary after overlapping
with the background value (apply maximum status-quo monitoring value: day
58.3dB(A), night 48.2dB(A)): day 58.4dB(A), night 48.8dB(A), which conforms to
the Class II standard as stated in Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises
Environment Noise at Boundary (GB 12348—2008) within the boundary, i.e.
60dB(A) at day time and 50dB(A) at night time.
Table 9.8.2 Noise Contribution and Forecast Value at Sensitive Sites
Current background
value
Assessment results
Assessment standard
Qualification conditions Name of the
forecast point
Day Night
Noise contribution
Day Night Day Night Day Night
Zhaojiashaofang, Shimiao Village
44.8 43.2 5 44.8 43.2 60 50 Qualified Qualified
Shimiao Village 46.8 45.1 17 46.8 45.1 60 50 Qualified Qualified
Xiangjiazhuang, Jiaqu Village
43.8 42.3 18 43.8 42.3 60 50 Qualified Qualified
It is observed from Table 9.8.2 that the sound level increases by 0 dB(A) at various
sensitive sites in planned project, i.e. there is no impact for those sensitive sites.
Sensitive sites within the assessment scope after the completion of planned project
can meet requirements of Class II standard as stated in Environmental Quality
Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008), i.e. 60dB(A) at day time and 50dB(A) at night
time.
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9.9 Summary
According to above analysis, the maximum noise contribution comes from the east
factory boundary (47 dB(A)) within the whole factory, i.e. feed preparation
workshop is the biggest noise source. After the planned project has put into
production, the sound environment within boundary can meet the Class II standard
as stated in Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Environment Noise at
Boundary (GB 12348—2008), i.e. 60dB(A) at day time and 50dB(A) at night time.
And sound environment at every sensitive site can meet the Class II standard as
stated in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008), i.e. 60dB(A) at
day time and 50dB(A) at night time.
In order to reduce road noise impact, it suggests that construction party arrange
transportation vehicles appropriately and reduce night driving as far as possible, restrict the driving speed, reduce horn, and adverse impact of noises resulted by
transportation vehicles on residents around it.
10 Analysis on Disposal and Impact of Solid Wastes
It strictly follows related regulations for treatment and disposal of solid wastes
produced in planned project as stated in Law of the Peoples Republic of China on
Prevention of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste, Standard for
Pollution Control on the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid
Wastes (GB18599-2001), National Hazardous Waste Inventory (Huafa [2008] No.
1) and follows requirements as stated in related identification standards. Based on
the principle of solid waste recycle and comprehensive utilization, it shall realize
safe disposal and eradicate secondary pollution.
10.1 Emission Features and Emission statistics of Solid Wastes
10.1.1 Analysis on Features of Solid Wastes
Solid wastes produced in planned project mainly include wheat straw clippings and
dust in feed preparation workshop, pulp residues in pulping process, white mud in
alkali recovery process, green slime and small amount of lime mud, house refuse
and sludge produced by wastewater treatment plant.
Wheat straw clippings are mainly composed of small fibers, knots, dust; pulp
residues are mainly composed of vegetable fibers; sludge is mainly inorganic
characterized by small organic content, rough particles, high density and high water
content, with hydrophobic properties generally, easy to be dewatered and light odor
after dewatering. According to monitoring data of similar industries within the
country, above materials are classified as Class I general solid wastes. The white
mud has a water content of 50% after pretreatment at the factory, with a pH=11.2 of
leachate, which is classified as Class II general solid wastes.
There are no dangerous wastes in solid wastes produced in planned project.
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10.1.2 Statistics on Emission of Solid Wastes
See Table 10.1.1 for features and statistics on emission of solid wastes produced in
planned project.
Table 10.1.1 Production and Disposal of Solid Wastes Produced in Workshops
Type Source Amount of emission
(t/a) Disposal measures Remark
Wheat straw clippings and dust
Feed preparation process
9861.6 Compost in forest base and
used as fertilizer
Pulp residues Pulping line 4800 Recycle in paper room in the
factory
Water Ratio 70%
White mud Causticization
process for alkali recovery
14899.6 Storage yard for solid wastes,
planning to be used as desulfurizing agent
Water Ratio 50%
Green lime, lime mud
Alkali recovery process
680 Landfill Water Ratio 50%
House refuse Staff living 200 Delivery away by
environmental protection department
Sludge produced by wastewater treatment plant
Wastewater treatment plant
39030 Fertilizer for forest base Water Ratio 75%
Total 69471.2 /
10.2 Components and Treatment & Disposal Measures for Solid Wastes
10.2.1 Wheat Straw Clippings and Dust
Wheat straw clippings mainly come from feed preparation workshop, which are
produced during preparation of wheat straw. The wheat straw clippings are mainly
composed of small fibers, knots and dust, with certain heat value, good soil
compatibility and an annual production of 9860 tons. With an annual production of
1.6 tons, dust produced in wheat straw preparation workshop is to be removed by
railroad duster. Wheat straw clippings and dust of it shall be collected in dust
chamber for temporary storage, and then delivered to the forest base of MCC MEILI
PAPER INDUSTRY CO., LTD for comprehensive utilization.
10.2.2 Pulp Residues
About 4800 tons of pulp residues are to be produced in planned project, which
mainly comes from the pulping workshop. The pulp residues are mainly composed
of celluloses, which is planned to be delivered to paper rooms for comprehensive
utilization and shall not produce secondary pollution for peripheral environment.
10.2.3 White Mud
White mud produced in planned project mainly comes from the Causticization process
for alkali recovery. With a main component of calcium carbonate, it also includes
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calcium silicate, organics and small amount of alkali. The annual production is
14899.6 tons.
It contains 50% of water in white mud produced in production after pretreatment in
the factory. According to analysis results of leaching-out toxicity test, indexes do not
exceed the standard as stated in Identification Standard for Hazardous Wastes —
Identification for Extraction Toxicity (GB5085.3-1996), Identification Standard for
Hazardous Wastes —Identification for Corrosivity (GB5085.1-2007). But the pH of
leachate is 11.2, which exceed the scope of 6 – 9 and is classified as Class II general
solid waste.
All white mud produced in project shall be delivered to Mopanshan Landfill site for
landfill, which is 12 km away in the north of Zhenluo Town . It has been issued
environmental assessment approval by Environmental Protection Agency of Wuzhong
City for the solid waste storage yard on February 13, 2004. It emphasizes in the
approval that it should strengthen environmental protection on natural ecological
vegetation in occupied land without official reasons around project area during
operation period. On April 5, 2004, the storage year was approved by Environmental
Protection Agency of Wuzhong City in the check and acceptance of the environment
protection. It emphasizes that it shall apply timely and effective measures on
secondary dust in the storage yard. The deisgn lifespan of the white sludge landfill is
20 years.
There are many ways for comprehensive utilization of white mud, such as to be used
as papermaking filling, cement, coating for inside and outside wall, building
waterproofing coating and filling in plastic industry, desulfurizer in power plant.
According to the plan of Meili Paper Co., Ltd, the white mud is planned to be used
as wet desulfurizer in power plant for comprehensive utilization. It can produce
35381 tons per year of white mud after the project in whole factory has been
completed. The remaining white mud shall be delivered to Mopanshan Landfill site
for landfill. It means that the white mud can be disposed safety at present, which
shall be used as desulfurizer in power plant in comprehensive utilization of
resources according to enterprise plan in the future.
10.2.4 Green Mud, Lime Mud
The green mud mainly comes from the causticization process in alkali recovery
workshop. After evaporation, concentration and burning of black liquor resulted by
pulping, the melt dissolves in water to form green liquid, and the sediment of green
liquid is white mud with a concentration of 25.0%. As a main waste produced in alkali
recovery workshop, green mud mainly comes from sediment in green liquid in
causticization, which is composed of calcium oxide, organics and small amount of
alkali. See Table 10.2.1 for main components of green mud.
Table 10.2.1 Main Components of Green Mud
Water content
LOSS SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Total
43.05 40.84 2.71 0.88 0.61 45.04 1.67 91.75
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According to analysis results of leaching-out toxicity test, indexes of green mud, lime
mud do not exceed the standard as stated in Identification Standard for Hazardous
Wastes — Identification for Extraction Toxicity (GB5085.3-2007), Identification
Standard for Hazardous Wastes —Identification for Corrosivity (GB5085.1-2007).
Thus the green mud is classified as general industrial solid waste. But the pH of it is
outside the scope of 6 – 9. Therefore the green mud and lime mud are classified as
Class II general industrial solid waste.
The lime mud is mainly composed of gravels and insufficiently burnt calcium
carbonate.
The green mud can replace part of limestone to produce cement in the comprehensive
utilization. However, there is no much green mud production in the project, 680 tons
of green mud and lime mud produced by planned project every year are to be
delivered to Mopanshan Landfill Site for landfill 12 km away in the north of Zhenluo
Town.
10.2.5 Sludge Produced in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Sludge produced in wastewater treatment plant is the end product of wastewater
produced in pulping and papermaking after treatment. The wastewater discharged
into the treatment station mainly include fibers, dissolvable organics and small
amount of chemical agent for pulping, which shall be added small amount of
nutritive salt, flocculating agent during wastewater treatment process.
It produced 39030 tons of sludge every year in wastewater treatment plant of
planned project. The sludge mainly comes from the primary sedimentation tank and
secondary sedimentation tank, which is composed for fine fibers, activated sludge
and organisms of bio-membrane with high fertilizer efficiency. There is no
temporary storage year in the factory and sludge produced in wastewater treatment
plant is to be delivered away by refuse collection trucks after concentration and send
to forest base for comprehensive utilization as fertilizer. It means that sludge can
achieve resource utilization and shall not produced adverse impact on peripheral
environment.
According to the environmental monitoring conducted by environmental
engineering evaluation center of MEP and Ningxia Agriculatural and Forestry
Academy, there is no evidence that soil quality has been contaminted. The nitrogen,
phosphours and organic content is slightly increased.
10.2.6 House Refuse
With an annual production of 200 tons, the house refuses produced in enterprise is to
be delivered and disposed by environmental protection authority for urban life waste
in Zhongwei City. It means that the house refuses produced in planned project can
achieve safe disposal and has less impact on peripheral environment.
10.3 Seepage Proof Measures
Wheat straw clippings and dust produced by it are stored in enclosed warehouse;
white mud (including small amount of green mud) is stored in semi-enclosed
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warehouse, which are delivered to solid waste landfill site periodically. The sludge
is delivered to forest base directly and there is no temporary storage yard for it.
House refuse is stored in enclosed garbage cans.
1. Wheat straw clippings warehouse
Wheat straw clippings and dust are stored in enclosed warehouse. Apply C30
impermeable concrete to integral cast the ground in the warehouse. It shall not
produce leachate due to rainfall in enclosed environment, and the wheat straw
clippings and dust are to be delivered to forest base for composting periodically.
2. Temporary storage for white mud and green mud
The white mud and green mud in the factory are temporarily stored in semi-enclosed
warehouse. Apply C30 impermeable concrete to integral cast the ground in enclosed
warehouse and pave anti-permeate film at the bottom of it. The sequence of clay
layers are as follows: concrete cushion (200 mm), isolated layer, leveling layer (20
mm), under layer (150 mm), gravel layer (500 mm), and packed soil. The osmotic
coefficient shall be guaranteed less than 1.0×10-7
cm/s and add a coffer at periphery
(with a height of 500 mm) to prevent overflow.
3 White mud piling yard
The solid wastes landfill site of Meili Paper Company locates at Mopanshan
Mountain, which is 12 km away to the north of Zhenluo Town and 20 km away
from Meilin Paper Company. There are a drainage ditch for flood of 2 meters long
and 2 meters wide at both south and north sides of the landfill field, which are
cyclopean rubble masonry. A flood dam of cyclopean rubble masonry is to be
constructed at the west side of piling field for drying of causticizing white mud. A
vertical impermeable layer is to be constructed at the field: construct a 300 mm thick
of clay layer after leveling the bottom; then a 300g/m2 thick of geotextile above it
and then a 300 mm thick of clay layer. Therefore, the osmotic coefficient is less than
1.0×10-7
cm/s, which meets the requirement as stated in Standard for Pollution
Control on the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes
(GB18599-2001). The white mud, green mud and lime mud send to the landfill site
can be disposed safely.
4 Workshops
Rainfall collection ditches are distributed outside every workshop and sewer ditches
are constructed inside every workshop. Collected wastewater and sewage are to be
delivered to wastewater treatment station to be discharged after qualifying for safe
emission.
10.4 Analysis of Impact on Transportation Environment
Wheat straw clippings and dust of it, sludge, green mud, lime mud, white mud and
house refuses are to be delivered away by vehicles. The vehicles are enclosed to
prevent scattering and production of secondary escape dust along the way in
transportation. Meanwhile, the transportation vehicles shall be cleaned in time and
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the road surface shall be sprayed regularly by special spray truck. The main
environmental impacts come from noises produced by new vehicles for transporting
solid wastes and secondary escape dust. The following management measures can
be applied.
1. Night transportation are strictly forbidden to avoid disturbance on
residents;
2. Strengthen road surface maintenance, keep road surface flat, and no horn
at road section near residential area;
3. Wash vehicle body and wheels when driving away from the boundary of
power plant and slag field;
4. Slag removal shall be suspended at windy weather (wind speed三 三
8m/s).
Under the precondition of strictly following management rules, there is little impact
on solid waste transportation on peripheral environment, which is acceptable.
10.5 Summary
Solid wastes produced in planned project mainly include wheat straw clippings and
dust of it produced in feed preparation workshop, pulp residues in pulping process,
white mud and green mud produced in alkali recovery process, sludge produced in
wastewater treatment plant and house refuse. The wheat straw clippings and dust of it
are to be used for composting in forest base, pulp residues are to be delivered to paper
room for resource utilization. All white mud produced in current project shall be
delivered for landfill and is planned to be used as desulfurizer in the future. All sludge
is to be delivered to forest base for comprehensive utilization as fertilizer and house
refuses are to be disposed by environmental protection authority of the city.
Apply C30 impermeable concrete to integral cast the ground in temporary storage
warehouse of white mud (including small amount of green mud), white mud piling
yard in planned project and pave anti-permeate film at the bottom of it. The osmotic
coefficient shall be guaranteed less than 1.0×10-7
cm/s, which meets requirements at
stated in Standard for Pollution Control on the Storage and Disposal Site for
General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB18599-2001). Apply C30 impermeable
concrete to integral cast the ground in enclosed warehouse of wheat straw clippings.
In conclusion, 69471.2 tons of solid wastes are to be produced per day in planned
project. It is to apply appropriate and feasible ways for treatment and disposal of solid
wastes, which has no adverse impact on environment and no secondary pollution.
11 Environmental Risk Assessment
11.1 Risk Identification
11.1.1 Identification on Hazardous Substances and Production Unit
Risk factors of the project mainly include hazardous chemical leakage during
production, accidental release of pollutants, fire and explosion of inflammable,
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explosive substances and equipments. See Table 11.1.1 for detailed analysis of risk
factors. According to analysis of planned project structure, physical properties of
main hazardous substances during project production are listed as in Table 11.1.2
and risk analysis on main functional unit of production are listed as in Table 11.1.3.
Table 11.1.1 Analysis of Risk Factors in Planned Project
Type of the Risk Sources
Detailed Risks Possible Causes
Leakage of hazardous chemicals
Leakage of chlorine dioxide, methanol, sulfuric
acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and
other hazardous chemicals
Break up of storage tanks, pipeline leakage and possible transportation
accidents
Wastewater treatment system
Lowered treatment efficiency due to malfunction in wastewater treatment
system
Fume treatment system Lowered treatment efficiency due to
malfunction of fume treatment equipment
Accidental release of pollutants
Alkali recovery system Black liquor overflow from storage tank,
breakup of pipelines and valves.
Raw material yard Fire resulted by poor management
Chemical warehouse Explosion resulted by explosive
substances like chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorate, methanol
Chlorine dioxide preparation workshop
Explosion resulted by explosive substances like chlorine dioxide, sodium
chlorate, methanol
Alkali recovery furnace
Explosion resulted by mechanical
failure, improper maintenance of
equipments
(Heavy oil storage) * Fire resulted by breakup of storage tanks,
leakage
Fire, explosion
(Finished product storage) *
Fire resulted by poor management
Note陶* means risks existing in current project, but not to be existed in planned
project.
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Table 11.1.2 Dangerous Features of Main Chemicals
Physical properties
Name
Classification in Hazardous
Chemical Inventory
Risk factors Form
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Descriptions on Danger
Chlorine dioxide
/ Toxicity, explosion
Helvolus gas -59陶 11陶
Unstable, toxic, explosive and strong oxidability. Have adverse impact on human health when the concentration >500mg/L. It may cause respiratory irritation by inhaling chlorine dioxide gas, such as cough, short of breath and difficulty in breathing, chemical tracheobronchitis, pneumonia or even pulmonary edema. It may have explosive reaction with many chemical substances, and is quite sensitive to heating, shock, strike, friction and extremely easy to resolve and thus lead to an explosion.
Sodium chlorate
Oxidant 51030
Fire, explosion
Colorless orthogonal or
trigonal crystal system
248 261陶 Resolve Resolve to release oxygen when exceeding the melting point (248-261 ),
have strong oxidability, cannot be mixed with inflammables. Easy to burn or explode when mixing with phosphorus, sulfur and organics or stroke.
Methanol Reducing
agent 32058
Toxicity, Flammability
Colorless clear liquid
-97.8 64.7
Toxic and flammability. With strong toxicity, methanol has biggest impact on the nerve system and blood system of human. It has the following acute poisoning symptom: headache, nausea, stomachache, weary, blurred vision or even blind, and difficult breathing, may lead to death finally due to respiratory center paralysis. Chronic poisoning symptom: giddiness, lethargy, headache, tinnitus, hypopsia, gastricism. Acceptable methanol concentration in air is 50mg/m
3. Gas musk must be worn when working on
site with methanol existence. With a permissible methanol concentration of less than 200mg/L, the wastewater of it cannot be discharged without treatment. If its vapor mixes with air, explosive mixture will be formed with
an explosion limit of 6.0% 36.5% (volume).
Sulfuric acid
Acid Corrosive Substances
81007
Corrosion, toxicity
Colorless, odorless,
transparent oil liquid
10.35陶 338陶
Strong corrosion on skin and strong irritation on respiratory system. The lethal dose for oral intake of concentrated sulfuric acid is 5ml. Though it is non-inflammable, many reactions of it may lead to fire or explosion. For example, it may produce flammable gas when mixing with metal and large amount of heat when mixing with water.
Sodium Alkaline Corrosion, White opaque 318.4陶 1390陶 Has irritation on nose, throat and lung when inhaling due to corrosion. There
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hydroxide corrosive substance
82001
irritation solid, deliquescent
is serious corrosion when contacting with eyes and results in serious burn; serious corrosion when contacting with skin; serious ache, burn on mouth, throat and esophagus, vomit, diarrhea, collapse or even death after oral intake.
Hydrogen peroxide
Oxidant 51001
Strong oxidability
Colorless transparent liquid
-
2
158 no
water
Inflammable, release large amount of heat and oxygen when reacting with flammables and thus lead to fire and explosion; has strong irritation on respiratory tract when inhaling the steam or smoke of it. Directly contact with eyes may lead to irreversible damage or even blindness.
Heavy oil / Flammability Yellow green
liquid / / Flammable liquid
Table 11.1.3 Risk identification of Main Functional Production Unit
Dangerous production unit Hazard identification Danger analysis
Production unit in wastewater treatment station
Accidental wastewater discharge
Accidental wastewater discharge resulted by wastewater treatment system malfunction may have a impact on receiving water body. It suggests equipping with accidental tank to minimize risks in order to strengthen maintenance management.
Production unit in steam power plant
Accidental waste gas discharge
It may have a impact on peripheral air in case of malfunction in desulfuration and dust removal system. Apply appropriate measures in time on reducing boiler load, activating burner etc. may minimize consequences of accident.
Unit in alkali recovery workshop
Black liquor leakage and explosion of alkali recovery furnace
A huge impact on wastewater treatment system may appear when there is leakage of black liquor, which may lead to a breakdown of wastewater treatment system. Strengthen management and built black liquor tank can avoid direct entry of black liquor into water body effectively. The explosion of alkali recovery furnace does not have an impact of environmental pollution, but may lead to human casualties.
Unit in chlorine dioxide preparation workshop
Leakage of chlorine dioxide, methanol and other toxic gases, chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorate,
methanol etc. may lead to explosion
There will be environmental pollution and human casualties in case of accident. It needs to strengthen equipment maintenance and establish corresponding emergency plan at daily production to minimize risk of accident.
Chemical storage Chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorate, methanol etc. may lead to explosion
There will be environmental pollution and human casualties in case of accident. It needs to strengthen equipment maintenance and establish corresponding emergency plan at daily production to minimize risk of
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accident.
Raw material yard Fire
(Finished product storage)* Fire The impact of fire can be controlled within the factory. It shall minimize the hazard of fire based on strengthening self management and assurance of fire prevention equipments.
(Heavy oil storage)* Fire May lead to fire.
陶陶* means risks existing in current project, but not to be existed in planned project.
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11.1.2 Analysis of Source Items
In consideration of accidental pollutants discharge referred to in the project, it
suggests equipping with accidental pond for wastewater treatment system,
strengthening maintenance management, which can minimize the environmental
risks. If there is malfunction in desulfuration and dust removal system, measures are
to be applied in time to reduce load of boiler, activate burner to minimize consequences resulted by accident; equip alkali recovery system with black liquor
tank to avoid direct entry of black liquor into water body effectively.
Based on strengthening management, equipment of sufficient fire fighting apparatus,
the impact resulted by fires, explosions involved in the project, material units easy to
lead to fires like raw material yard, chemicals warehouse, chlorine dioxide
preparation workshop, alkali recovery furnace, and heavy oil storage, finished
products storage in existing project can be controlled with the boundary.
In case of leakage of hazardous chemicals involved in the project, such as sulfuric
acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, it will corrode and burn the human
body when contacting with them. But it does not have an impact on peripheral environmental pollution. If large amount of leakage flow into accidental wastewater
pool, it shall make a control on pH value of chemicals first and then discharge into
wastewater treatment station and there is no much impact on peripheral
environment. The impact may be reduced further after establishing the accidental
pond. In terms of leakage of water solution of chlorine dioxide, construct overflow
dam for storage tank and spray with water after it flows into the overflow dam, then
discharge the leakage solution into accidental pond of wastewater treatment station,
neutralize it by adding alkali liquid, and discharge it into wastewater treatment
station after dilution for safe discharge intermittently; in terms of leakage of water
solution of methanol, since there is small storage of methanol, there is no much leakage, which can be absorbed by sand or other non-inflammable materials and can
also be washed by large quantities of water.
There are three storage areas for liquid caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) in existing
project, which locates in pulping workshop 1#, pulping workshop 2#, and
continuous cooking workshop with a storage capacity of 27.37m3
(volume
70m3 Φ5m×3.57m), 15.3m
3 (volume 35m
3 Φ4m×2.78m), 35.1m3
(volume
90m3 Φ6m×3.15m), separately. The total storage capacity is 120t. The storage
tanks are in column shape and made of stainless steel.
In addition, it involves in environmental risks resulted by liquid chlorine in existing
project. Now there are 5 liquid chlorine storage warehouses, with liquid chlorine
stored in steel cylinder and a storage pressure of 1.0Mpa. After the planned project
has been completed, it shall apply chlorine dioxide as bleaching agent in processes of existing and planned project. There will be no production and storage of liquid
chlorine and no concern on environmental risks of liquid chlorine any more.
11.1.3 Classification and Scope of the Risk Assessment
See Table 11.1.4 for online and storage amount of main hazardous chemicals at
production and storage sites in planned project. According to calculation and
analysis on online and storage amount of main hazardous chemicals, the sum of
ratios between actual amount and corresponding critical quantity of every hazardous
chemical at production and storage sties is 0.066 1. The functional units where
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hazardous chemicals exist in project are not major hazard installations. According to
Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects ( HJ/T
169 2004) and comparing with Table 11.1.5. Classification of Risk Assessment,
the classification of risk assessment of the project is classified as II. The assessment
scope is within 3 km around chlorine dioxide preparation workshop. See Table
11.1.6 for main sensitive sites within the assessment scope.
Table 11.1.4 Quantities of Main Hazardous Chemicals
Production site
t Storage site t
Name of substances
Process/unit Actual amount
Critical value
Actual amount
Critical value
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide preparation process, chemicals warehouse
0.028 50 0.083 50
Sodium chlorate
Chlorine dioxide preparation process, chemicals warehouse
0.044 100 6.3 100
Methanol Chlorine dioxide preparation process, chemicals warehouse
0.002 500 0.32 500
Note: the actual amount at production site is calculated by online amount within 10min.
Table 11.1.5 Determination of Assessment Classifications on Environmental Risks
Highly toxic hazardous substance
General toxic hazardous substance
Flammable hazardous substance
Explosive hazardous substance
Major hazard source
Non-major hazard source
Environmental sensitive area
Table 11.1.6 Distribution of Main Sensitive Sites within Assessment Scope for
Environmental Risks
No
.
Ambient Air
Protection Target
Coordinate
X
m
Coordinate
Y
M
Directio
n
Distanc
e
m
Population
1 Rouyuan Village -1110 190 WNW 520 653 households, 1959 persons
2 Government of
Rouyuan Town -1720 220 WNW 1010 45 persons
3 Shaqu Village -1370 1210 NW 1370 135 households, 405 persons
4 Fanmiao Primary
School 1930 1050 NE 1970
47 persons
5 Shimiao Primary
School 640 180 ENE 490 71 persons
6 Jiaqu Village -920 -430 SW 290 698 households, 2094 persons
7 Zhaojiashaofang
(Shimiao Village) -650 30 W 45
6 households, 30 persons
8 Shimiao Village 310 170 N 25 691
households,
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No
.
Ambient Air
Protection Target
Coordinate
X
m
Coordinate
Y
M
Directio
n
Distanc
e
m
Population
households,
2073 persons
9 Xiangjiazhuang (Jiaqu
Village) 120 -190 SE 0
20
households,
100 persons
Note: Coordinates are indicated with the center of risk assessment scope as base point; direction
and distance are indicated corresponding to the boundary of whole factory.
11.2 Environmental Risk Analysis
11.2.1 Leakage of Main Hazardous Chemicals
Main hazardous chemicals that may lead to leakage include online and stored
chlorine dioxide, methanol, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide in
chlorine dioxide preparation workshop, chemicals warehouse and other units.
11.2.1.1 Leakage of chlorine dioxide
With a production of 4t/d and a concentration of 10g/L, chlorine dioxide prepared in
chlorine dioxide preparation workshop is kept in an enclosed titanium generator in solution form. In case of water solution leakage of chlorine dioxide, it will flow into
the overflow dam of storage tank, which can be sprayed by water to prevent from
chlorine gas release due to chlorine dioxide decomposition and prevent the spread of
chlorine gas. Discharge the leakage solution into accidental pond of wastewater
treatment station, neutralize it by adding alkali liquid, and discharge it into
wastewater treatment station after dilution for safe discharge intermittently.
11.2.1.2 Leakage of methanol
As one of raw materials for preparation chlorine dioxide in preparation workshop,
and with a usage amount of 0.32t/d, methanol is stored in chemicals warehouse in
solution form. In case of leakage of water solution of methanol, it can be absorbed
by sand or other non-inflammable materials and can also be washed by large
quantities of water.
11.2.1.3 Leakage of other hazardous chemicals
It involves hazardous chemicals like concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide,
hydrogen peroxide in project. In case of leakage of them, it will corrode and burn
the human body when contacting with them. But it does not have an impact on
peripheral environmental pollution. The leakage solution is to be discharged into
wastewater treatment station after a pH value control by neutralization in accident
pool in the factory, which has no much impact on wastewater treatment station and
the environment.
11.2.2 Fires and Explosions
11.2.2.1 Explosion of chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorate
Reactant and product in chlorine dioxide preparation workshop, i.e. sodium chlorate
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and chlorine dioxide, may lead to fires and explosions. The current technological
process of it is quite mature and reasonable measures for fire, explosion prevention
are required based on related regulations. Establish lighting protection, anti-static
installations, static electricity guiding devices and safety signs at inlet and outlet of
sodium chlorate, chlorine dioxide devices, and pipeline systems; strengthen safety
education and strictly following safety operation rules and technological procedures; formulate emergency plan for explosion accident and have regular exercises.
11.2.2.2 Fires and explosions at raw material yard, alkali recovery furnace, finished
product storage, heavy oil storage
There may be fire and explosion accidents at raw material yard, alkali recovery
furnace involved in production of planned project, and finished product storage and
heavy oil involved in existing project.
The raw material, wheat straw, is stacked up in raw material year and finished paper
products are stored in finished product warehouse of existing project. In case of a
fire in raw material yard, finished product storage and other unit wit ha high fire
risk, the wheat straw and finished paper products are to be burned to produce main
pollutants like carbon dioxide and TSP, which produces impact on atmospheric
environment within short term, but with no long term pollution.
Alkali furnace explosion is in physical nature, which is resulted by breakage at weak
points of some parts in pressure elements for exceeding its ultimate strength. In case
of the breakage, steam stored in furnace tube and steam drum rush out from the
break immediately, and pressure inside the drum is reduced to ambient atmospheric
pressure instantly. Steam is to be discharged into ambient air after explosion of
furnace, which has no obvious adverse impact on the air.
The heavy oil is stored in storage tank and kept at the heavy oil warehouse, which
may lead to fire in case of leakage and threaten personal safety of operators in the
factory. SO2 is to be produced mainly after burning, which has certain impact on
peripheral environment. However, if it applies perfect fire protection measures and establish accidental dam, there will be less impact on peripheral environment.
11.2.3 Accidental Release of Pollutants
11.2.3.1 Wastewater treatment station
Wastewater produced in planned project is to be disposed in wastewater treatment
station of existing project. In case of accident in the station, the influent wastewater
cannot be treated. If the wastewater is to be discharged into oxidation pond directly
without treatment, serious impact is certainly to be produced on soil and
groundwater at forest base, thus a further impact on regional groundwater. In order
to minimize the impact of effluent wastewater, it suggests equipping with accident
pool at wastewater treatment station to minimize environmental risks brought about
by accidental wastewater effluent. To satisfy 8 hours water stotage under accident condition, the volume of the pool is 12000m
3.
11.2.3.2 Exhaust emission
If there is a malfunction of dust removal equipment of alkali recovery furnace in the
project, take triple of the daily average PM10 concentration in the assessment. The
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maximum concentration contribution at mesh points is 28.9%. The maximum
contribution of hourly PM10 concentration on ambient air protection targets accounts
for 20.2% of the percentage standard rate with no standard exceeding.
11.2.3.3 Black liquor produced in alkali recovery furnace
According to an incomplete statistics, there were more than 100 major accidents
concerning alkali recovery furnace in domestic and foreign factories for last scores
of years, and many more small accidents and emergencies. There were also some
serious accidents in some paper plants within the country, which results in losses at
different extents.
It shall apply modernized low odor alkali recovery furnace and 4 black liquor tanks
are to be built in alkali recovery furnace workshop in planned project. At general
conditions, leakage black liquor from alkali recovery furnace due to flanges, valves
breakage has no impact on environment. However, if there are large quantities of
leakage, it may lead to overload of wastewater treatment station, further result in
wastewater treatment system collapse and thus a pollution accident will appear. In
case of a temporary malfunction in alkali recovery system, black liquor can be
collected in black liquor tank temporarily, which shall be disposed continuously
after restoration of system operation. If it cannot solve the problem within a short
period, it must stop the production of pulping system and black liquor is strictly
forbidden to be discharged into wastewater treatment station or into water body
directly.
11.3 Risk Prevention Measures
11.3.1 Risk Prevention Measures on Hazardous Chemicals
Chemical risks existing in project are mainly generated during storage,
transportation and usage of hazardous chemicals. The construction party shall design
chemicals warehouse according to requirements as stated in GBJ16-87 Code for
Fire Protection Design of Buildings (2001 version) and GB50187-93 Code for
Design of General Plan of Industrial Enterprises, establish automatic switch system
at pumps valves that may burst, ooze, drip and leak in order to reduce and avoid
environmental pollution and human casualties due to accidents. Apply anti-corrosion
measures at acid, alkali and chemicals warehouses according to Code for
Anticorrosion Design of Industrial Constructions. Regulations on the Safety
Administration of Dangerous Chemicals (promulgated in 2002, No. 344 of Decrees
of the State Council) shall be strictly followed during storage, transportation and
usage of chemicals. See Table 11.3.1 for requirements and safety disposal plan on
production and storage of hazardous chemicals.
Table 11.3.1 List of Requirements on Storage and Transportation and Safety Disposal
Measures of Hazardous Chemicals
Name Storage
requirements
Transportation
Requirements Safety Disposal
Chlorine
dioxide
Apply anti-
corrosion building
materials at storage
area; no use of
woody, flammable
Apply waterproof and
rainproof measures for
transportation vehicles,
and handle chemicals
gently during
Evacuate personnel at pollution area
due to leakage to upwind direction
and keep isolation until chlorine gas
diffused completely; emergency
response personnel shall be
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Name Storage
requirements
Transportation
Requirements Safety Disposal
and plastics
materials as floor;
good ventilation at
storage and working
area; post alarming
signs at appropriate
position; strictly
forbidden to
approach storage
area; backup of
firefighting
equipments and
sands at storage
area and around it;
build overflow dam
for chlorine dioxide
solution storage
facilities; regular
check on storage
facilities for defects
like damage or
spilling.
transportation;
transportation with
acids, organics,
flammable and
explosive substances
are strictly forbidden.
equipped with self - supported
respirator and chemical protective
clothing; cut off fire sources, avoid
contact between leakage and
flammables (wood, paper, oil etc.),
cut off gas and spray water to dilute,
ventilate through pumping (indoor)
and compulsory way (outdoor);
leakage containers cannot be used
any more and remaining gas shall be
eliminated through technical way.
Sodium
chlorate
Keep at cool
environment with
good ventilation,
away from fire, heat
sources; Keep in
sealed package and
separately from
flammables,
reducing agent and
alcohols; mixed
storage are strictly
forbidden and
prepare appropriate
devices in storage
area to collect
leakage.
Load and discharge
gently, prevent
packages and
containers from
damaging; shock, strike
and frictions are strictly
forbidden; equip with
firefighting apparatus
of corresponding type
and quantities and
emergency treatment
devices for leakage.
Quarantine the leakage pollution
area, control of access; emergency
response personnel shall be
equipped with self-supported
respirator and general work clothes;
do not contact with leakage directly,
and no contact between leakage and
organics, reducing agent and
flammables.
Methanol
Keep at cool
environment in
completely
enclosed container,
avoid contact with
ignition device;
grounding,
ventilation and
steam diffusion
control are required
Keep storage devices
enclosed during
transportation; avoid
routes with sunshine
and fire risks; avoid
mixed transportation
with incompatible
substances.
Leakage: evacuate personnel in
leakage pollution area to safe site
rapidly and quarantine them, strictly
control of access; cut off fire
sources; it suggests emergency
response personnel equip with self-
supported respirator and gas
protection suit; do not contact with
leakage directly and cut off leakage
sources as far as possible to prevent
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Name Storage
requirements
Transportation
Requirements Safety Disposal
for storage devices;
avoid storage with
incompatible
substances together.
from release into sewer, drainage
channel and other restricted spaces.
Small amount of leakage: can be
absorbed by sand or other non-
inflammable materials and can also
be washed by large quantities of
water. Large amount of leakage:
construct coffer dam or pit to take
in; cover with foam, reduce steam
hazard; transfer to tank car or
special collector by anti-explosion
pump to be recycled or delivered to
refuse storage site for disposal.
Sulfuric
acid
Keep separately
from flammable, reductive and strong
alkali substances.
Keep separately from
flammables, reductive substances and strong
alkali.
Pay attention to the control of
sulfuric acid mist, strengthen
ventilation and exhaust, there shall
be convenient washing apparatus in
workshop.
Sodium
hydroxide
Keep moisture and
rain proof; and keep
separately from
flammables and
acids.
Handle gently during
transportation; prevent
packages and
containers from
damaging; no
transportation at rainy
weather.
Collect in dry, clean, covered
container with clean shovel. It can
also be washed with large quantities
of water and discharged into
wastewater system after washing
and dilution.
Hydrogen
peroxide
Avoid direct
sunshine at the
storage site; provide
sufficient water
sources, fire hoses
and sprayer units;
with no fuels,
oxidant, organics at
site and keep the
site clean.
20%陶60% of
hydrogen peroxide are
stored in polyethylene
drum or pure aluminum drum during
transportation, gas vent
shall be reserved in
container; more than
60% of hydrogen
peroxide are to be
stored in containers
made of pure
aluminum (more than
99.6%),
tetrachloroethylene and
triclene; iron, rust or
dust are strictly
forbidden to be
included in.
Evacuate personnel in leakage
pollution area to safe site rapidly
and quarantine them, strictly control
of access; it suggests emergency
response personnel equip with self-
supported respirator and acid &
alkali protection suit; cut off leakage
sources as far as possible to prevent
from release into sewer, drainage
channel and other restricted spaces.
Heavy oil
Design fire
separation distance
according to storage
tank for the third
Water and impurities
are strictly forbidden to
be mixed during
transportation.
Cut off leakage sources as far as
possible to prevent from release into
sewer, drainage channel and other
restricted spaces; small amount of
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Name Storage
requirements
Transportation
Requirements Safety Disposal
type. leakage can be absorbed by sand,
roseite or other inert materials; large
amount of leakage can be
transferred to tank car or special
collector by pump.
It proposes the following measures according to features of this project.
1. It shall conform to requirements on fire safety at storage site. And the site
selection for chemical production units, chemicals warehouse, storage tank, storage
yards, building structure, electrical apparatus, anti-explosion and pressure release
facilities, extinguishment facilities shall conform to requirements on fire safety.
Chemical storage shall be kept away from wheat straw storage yard that easy to lead
a fire, and heavy oil warehouse in existing project. The placement of storage tank shall conform to safety requirement and be stored at dry and clean room. Pay
attention to moisture proof and rain proof, keep separately from flammables and
acids and take care of personal protection during sub-packaging and transportation.
2. Hazardous chemicals must be managed by designated person and keep a
record of usage of it. Provide training for warehouse workers, who must get
certificate before working. Workers responsible for storage must implement three
inspection a day, i.e. after going on duty, on duty and before getting off duty to
check whether the stacking is stable, package is leaking, power is safe or not. It shall
apply appropriate measures in time in case of problems.
3. Establish monitoring and management system on industrial sanitation,
environment. Have administration on normal operation in factory and provide emergency gas defense monitoring, guidance and rescue for poisoning of person in
case of accident.
11.3.2 Risk Prevention Measures on Chlorine Preparation Workshop and Chemicals
Warehouse
According to features of chlorine dioxide preparation workshop and chemicals
warehouse, anti-corrosion measures are required on ground, walls, equipment
foundation in working sites of chlorine dioxide, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and
other strong alkali media and seepage proofing measures on ground. Devices for
accidental treatment – alkali liquid spraying device – are to be installed in chlorine
dioxide preparation workshop to treat chlorine dioxide that may leak. Back up emergency power shall be standby at chlorine dioxide preparation workshop to
assure power supply in case of accident. Designated cabinets for gas protection
equipment equipped with sufficient emergency rescue apparatus are to be installed
at working site of chlorine dioxide, methanol and other hazardous substances and
designate personnel to management it. Emergency rescue apparatus shall be assured
in standby at any conditions.
The maintenance of storage devices of chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorate and
methanol are to be strengthened to forbid burst, ooze, drip and leak during
production. Based on following related design rules, establish related reasonable fire
proofing and anti-explosion measures according to above flammable and explosive
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chemicals.
Have an overhaul on pipelines, valves and equipments every year to assure the safe
running of equipments. Problems found in production are to be solved and potential
safety hazards are to be reformed in time. Have regular maintenance on equipments
to assure the material and processing quality of flanges, gaskets, connecting bolts
and pipelines for valve. Submit maintenance report immediately under abnormal conditions to assure normal running of related equipments.
Chlorine dioxide preparation workshop shall be located at the downwind side of
prevailing wind directions of project area all through the year (the maximum
frequency of the prevailing wind all through the year is E in planned project.
Chlorine dioxide preparation workshop is planned to be built in the west of planned
project boundary). Chlorine dioxide preparation workshop shall be kept more than
50m away from the edge of assembly place (chlorine dioxide preparation workshop
shall be kept more than 400m away from the nearest office area in planned project).
11.3.3 Risk Prevention Measures on Alkali Recovery Workshop
It must focus on selection, installation, usage, maintenance, repairing of alkali recovery furnace in order to prevent explosion effectively and must strictly abide by
related national laws, regulations and standards.
1. Strict requirements are required on selection of alkali recovery furnace
The construction party shall have strict requirements on the selection of complete set
of equipments in alkali recovery workshop. For selected furnace, there must be a
comparatively weak part in the middle of it, from which the huge impact force can
be released as soon as possible in case of accidental explosion, thus it can minimize
the losses.
2. It must meet related requirements on the installation of furnace
The installation quality of furnace has direct relationship with its safe running. The installation party must have a specialized contracting enterprise qualification higher
than level 3 (including level 3) on installation project of thermal power equipment.
Before furnace installation, every part of it must be checked and it can refuse
installation in case of unqualified conditions. Apply advanced welding technology
based on argon arc welding for all jointed seams to assure their quality.
3. Strengthen safety management and maintenance during employment
The safety management of furnace must be strengthened to prevent from accident of
alkali recovery furnace. The party using furnace shall made a job of operation and
management, repairing and maintenance, regular check of alkali recovery furnace
according to requirements as stated in Steam Boiler Safety & Technology
Supervisory Specification. There shall be specially designed personnel responsible
for technological management of equipment, rules and regulations focusing on post
responsibility system are to be established, detailed rules on anti-explosion, fire
proof and gas defense are to be worked out, tour monitoring system and regular
check and service system of automatic instruments are also to be established. The
boiler worker cannot operate until acquiring a Certificate of Special Equipment
Operators through examination. On-duty personnel responsible for the operation of
alkali recovery furnace shall observe the waste liquid supply and burning
uninterruptedly. It shall make a report immediately in case of abnormal conditions in
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order to apply related anti-explosion measures.
4. Establish sound fire fighting and fire alarming system
Perfect safe firefighting measures and perfect fire fighting system are to be
established, fixed foam fire-fighting system and cooling water spraying system are
to be installed. Automatic control system and perfect interlock alarming system are
to be installed in devices at key parts and strict operation system shall also be worked out.
11.3.4 Risk Prevention Measures on Fire and Explosion
Fire hydrants are installed around wheat straw piling yard and finished product
warehouse in existing project from space to space to avoid or reduce fires. The fire
water supply is stored in upper pool for production and fire fighting, and technical
facilities for no use of other purposes are also installed to assure water safety.
Firefighting wastewater cannot be discharged directly, which shall be treated to meet
necessary standard before emission.
Automatic sprinkler systems are to be installed at finished product warehouse and
workshops with higher fire fighting requirements in existing project, and alarming,
smoke detecting and flow indication devices are also to be installed. Meanwhile,
indoor hydrant and extinguisher are to be installed in workshops, and alarming
valves are to be installed on indoor hydrants according to Code of Design on
Building Fire Protection and Prevention (2001 version) and Code for Design of
Extinguisher Distribution in Buildings (GBJ140-90).
Refer subsection on risk prevention measures on alkali recovery workshop to apply
risk prevention measures on alkali recovery furnace.
Storage tanks and other devices used for storage of hazardous chemicals (such as
chlorine dioxide, methanol, sodium chlorate) are to be arranged at low lying
position, and kept with certain fire fighting distance from peripheral workshops and
other storage devices. With buffer zone around it, the heavy oil storage tank is to be
placed separately in existing project, and managed by designated person. In addition,
coffer dam is to be constructed around the heavy oil storage tank in existing project
to avoid fire resulted by leakage diffusion. Foam fire fighting and automatic
sprinkler system are to be installed in tank area, and grounding devices are to be
installed to prevent fires resulted by static electricity.
In addition, fire fighting and anti-explosion measures required on chlorine dioxide,
sodium chlorate, methanol and other hazardous chemicals include management on
pressure containers by strictly following related regulations; regular check on wall
thickness, welded joints and connected parts; installation of lighting protection and
antistatic facilities, static electricity guiding devices and safety signs at sodium
chlorate, chlorine dioxide, methanol equipments and inlet and outlet of pipelines;
strengthening of safety education, strictly abiding by safe operation rules and
process procedures; establishment of emergency rescue plan for explosion and
regular exercises.
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11.3.5 Risk Prevention Measures on Accidental Release
11.3.5.1. Accidental release from wastewater treatment station
1. Collection and disposal of accidental wastewater
Wastewater produced in planned project is to be disposed in wastewater treatment
station of existing project. In case of accident in the station, the influent wastewater
cannot be treated. If the wastewater is to be discharged into oxidation pond directly
without treatment, serious impact is certainly to be produced on soil and
groundwater at forest base, thus a further impact on regional groundwater. In order
to minimize the impact of effluent wastewater, the supporting wastewater treatment
systems of planned project are to be stopped in case of malfunction. It suggests
equipping with accident pool at wastewater treatment station to minimize
environmental risks brought about by accidental wastewater effluent.
It suggests no storage of wastewater or other water in accidental pool and within
coffer dam of storage tanks at normal conditions, draining collected rain water,
assuring rapid and safe collection of wastewater of leakage, fire fighting and
washing into accidental pool in case of accident that may lead to water pollution,
and then discharging into wastewater treatment facilities for necessary treatment to
avoid accidental release and environmental pollution. See Figure 11.3.1 for
wastewater collection system under accidental conditions in project.
Fire fighting
wastewater
Accidental wastewater in
wastewater treatment station
Accidental wastewater
in storage tank area
Within the buffer
dam
Accidental pool
Wastewater treatment station
After regulation
Safe discharge after treatment
Figure 11.3.1 Collection System for Accidental Wastewater
1. Apply standby equipment
It may lead to accident during wastewater treatment in case of malfunction of
pumps, valves, electrical equipments and instruments used in wastewater treatment
station. Prevention measures are required to reduce rate of accident, i.e. preparing
standby equipments for wearing ones, and regular petrol inspection during
operation, in time repairing and maintenance to reduce failure rate of equipments.
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2. Strengthening of accident monitoring
Operation, regular patrol inspection, regulation and service, repairing and
replacement must be executed by on-duty operators strictly according to rules and
regulations of wastewater treatment station. Abnormal phenomenon that may lead to
malfunction of wastewater treatment must be identified in time and be eliminated
with coordination of related personnel. The following measures are to be applied on
accidents that may happen.
(a) Jam in trash rack: in case of overflow resulted by jam for high waste
residue content in wastewater, on-duty operators must report to head of
emergency team immediately and apply manual cleaning measures for
the jam at the same time. Members in emergency team shall arrive at the
site immediately. Onsite clearance decisions are to be made according to
possible impact scope of wastewater leakage and report to superior
authority. Related production departments shall also be contacted to
propose requirement on water quality improvement.
(b) Water leakage in pump room of regulation reservoir: in case of
malfunction of all pumps, on-duty personnel shall report to head of
emergency team and supreme director of the department immediately to
contact with related maintenance party and organize emergency
maintenance, and the supreme director shall make an order to stop
production.
(c) In case of scum overflow in primary and secondary sedimentation, on-
duty personnel shall report to head of emergency team and activate
scum pump immediately. Head of emergency team shall organize
personnel to clean up overflowed scum on the ground.
(d) In case of overflow in sludge well, on-duty personnel shall report to
head of emergency team and activate dewaterer as more as possible to
increase processing capability and reduce sludge discharged into sludge
well from primary and secondary sedimentation pools. Head of
emergency team shall organize personnel to clean up overflowed scum
on the ground.
(e) In case of leakage in wastewater pump and sludge pump, on-duty
personnel shall report to head of emergency team immediately. Head of
emergency team shall organize personnel to replace or maintain
equipments and clean up overflowed waste water or sludge on the
ground.
3. Guarantee operation effect of wastewater treatment station
Online monitoring instruments on flow, water quality are to be installed in primary
process units and supplemented by regular manual sampling at wastewater treatment
station. Signals of analysis instrument related to wastewater treatment both inside
and outside the factory must be analyzed synchronously with data of wastewater
treatment station for reference of operators and adjusting operations in time.
11.3.5.2 Accidental release of black liquor
It is a quite effective way to solve black liquor through alkali recovery. SS, COD and BOD5 in black liquor can be eliminated in the four processes, black liquor extraction,
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evaporation, burning and causticization, through which alkali can be recovered and
secondary steam (energy) can be produced. Black liquor tank and overflow alarming
and control system are to be installed at black liquor storage tank to avoid the
overflow impact on wastewater treatment station. The overflow is to be disposed
continuously after operation restoration of system. In case of large amount of leakage,
it shall stop operation immediately until system restoration. Leakage black liquor is to be sent to wastewater treatment station for disposal.
11.3.5.2 Risk prevention measures on groundwater pollution
Burst, ooze, drip and leak pollution on groundwater environment are to be avoided
during technological process, load and discharge of products at area of main
production equipments; involved surfaces are to be hardened in the area. In case of
wastewater and chemical leakage, emergency measures are to be applied to wash the
surface immediately and pollutants are to be discharged into wastewater treatment
station for disposal. Seepage proof measures are to be applied in emergency pool for
wastewater accident to meet requirements on seepage proofing level with osmotic
coefficient三no greater than 10-7
cm/s as stated in Standard for Pollution Control on
the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB 18599-2001)
to prevent groundwater pollution due to infiltration of wastewater. Apply a strict
quality standard on sewage conduit and good corrosion resistant pipelines.
Monitoring measures are to be applied on pipeline discharge. In case of abnormal
conditions of influent in the station, leakage of sewage conduit, the pipelines are to
be inspected and repaired immediately, restore it within the shortest time. If there is
large amount of leakage, the production is to be stopped immediately to stop sewage
discharge and the production cannot be restored until repairing.
In terms of regular monitoring on groundwater at project area, the problems are to
be identified and solved immediately in case of exceeding standard. See Table
11.3.2 for monitoring plan.
Table 11.3.2 Monitoring Plan on Groundwater
Monitoring Points Monitoring Frequency Monitoring Index
Install groundwater
monitoring well at Shimiao
village at upstream of the
factory, and Jiaqu village at
downstream of the factory,
solid wastes piling yard,
oxidation pond and forest
base for raw materials.
Have a monitor every half
year. In case of pipeline
leakage or wastewater
leakage due to damage of
productions facilities,
emergency monitoring is to
be activated immediately.
pH, sulfate, total hardness, total
dissolved solids, ammonia
nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite
nitrogen, volatile phenol,
permanganate index, fluoride,
arsenic, mercury, cadmium,
hexavalent chrome, lead etc.
11.3.5.3 Accidental release of fume
Arrange daily maintenance of electrostatic dust collector well, repairing of electrical
equipment in case of damage and malfunction. Standby circuit is to be installed to
assure normal operation of dust collection in case of circuit malfunction. Online
monitoring devices for flue gas from furnace are to be installed according to
requirements to monitor pollutants emission at all times and apply appropriate
measures in case of emission risks.
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11.4 Risk Emergency Plan
Risk emergency plan is to be worked out according to project features and risk
accident that may happen. See Table 11.4.1 for risk emergency plan in case of
accident.
Table 11.4.1 Frame of Risk Emergency Plan
No. Items Contents and requirements
1 General principle
It is an environmental risk emergency plan for technological reconstruction project on cooking, cleaning and bleaching of extended delignification of 68,000 t/y wheat straw pulp of Zhongzhi Meili Paper Company, which states related contents and requirements and is to be implemented in post design and construction and states inspection contents falling in the scope of Three Simultaneities for environmental risks acceptance.
2 Profile of major hazards Detailed description of type, quantity and distribution of major hazards.
3 Emergency plan area Factory boundary, neighboring area
4 Emergency organization
Factory: Risk emergency command within boundary: responsible for onsite command Specialized aid team: responsible for accident control, aid, post processing.
Area: Emergency command: responsible for command, support, regulation and evacuation in neighboring area Specialized aid team: responsible for aid to specialized aid team within the factory
5 Classification of emergency
status and emergency response procedures
Apply emergency classification management program for related accidents according to accident level.
6 Emergency facilities,
equipments and materials
Emergency facilities, equipments and materials for fire fighting and explosion prevention, mainly focusing on related fire fighting equipments; Main equipments for leakage prevention of toxic and hazardous substances, mainly focusing on related spraying devices, equipments and materials; Emission prevention of accidental pollutants, mainly focusing on normal employment of related storage devices.
7 Emergency communication,
notice and transportation
Communication mode, notification mode and measures for traffic regulation under accident risks, Communication mode: telephone, interphone, computer network Notification mode: telephone, interphone, computer network Transportation guarantee: focusing on automobile Regulation: inside the boundary and traffic roads at neighboring area
8 Emergency environment
monitoring and post accident assessment
Emergency monitoring on accidental impact by specialized team to make assessment on nature, parameter and consequences of accident and provide support for decision of commanding department
9
Emergency protective measures, leakage
elimination measures and equipments
Site of accident: control accident, prevent the spread and chain reaction of accident, eliminate onsite leakage, reduce hazard and provide corresponding equipment facilities. Neighboring area: control fire fighting area, prevent chain accident, control and eliminate pollution and provide corresponding equipment facilities.
10
Emergency dose control, evacuation organization and plan, medical aid and public
health
Site of accident: control of emergency dose for accident, organization and plan for onsite evacuation and aid by responding personnel Neighboring area: emergency dose regulation on toxic, evacuation organization and plan, aid for neighboring personnel at impacted area
11 Termination and restoration
measures of emergency status
Cancel accident alert, post processing at site of accident, restoration measures
12 Personnel training and
exercise Organize training and exercise for personnel within boundary after establishment of emergency plan
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No. Items Contents and requirements
13 Public education and
information Provide public education, training and publish related information at neighboring area of boundary
14 Records and report Establish special records, files and special report system for emergency accident
15 Appendix Various appendix related to emergency accidents
11.4.1 General principles
11.4.1.1 Objectives
The emergency plan are worked out according to related laws and regulations and in
combination with actual project conditions to respond to emergency environmental accidents effectively, improve enterprise capability to respond to emergency
environmental accidents, minimize damage of environmental accidents on human,
property and environment and guarantee the life and property safety of human, and
environmental safety to maximum extent, which needs to be detailed further in
actual implementation at later stage of project.
11.4.1.2 Basis of Compilation
1. Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects
(HJ/T169-2004, State Environmental Protection Administration, 2004);
2. Emergency Notice on Further Strengthening of Environmental
Supervision and Management to Prevent Pollution Accidents (Huanfa [2005] No.
130, State Environmental Protection Administration, 2005);
3. Notice on Strengthening of Management on Environmental Impact
Assessment to Prevent Environmental Risks (Huanfa [2005] No. 152, State
Environmental Protection Administration, 2005)
11.4.1.3 Scope of Application
The emergency plan is applicable for foreseeable environmental pollution and
accidental environmental pollution resulted by other accidents in technological
reconstruction project on cooking, cleaning and bleaching of extended
delignification of 68,000 t/y wheat straw pulp of Zhongzhi Meili Paper Company. It
may lead to the following risk accidents in the project, i.e. leakage of chlorine
dioxide, methanol, sodium chlorate and other hazardous chemicals; fire and
explosion, accidental release of waste gas, waste water and other pollutants that may happen.
11.4.2 Organization and Responsibility
Primary requirements on emergency organization system, command organization
and responsibility must be defined in emergency plan. The emergency plan can only
be implemented effectively with perfect plan and clear responsibility. Corresponding
leading group is to be established according to emergency plan. See Figure 11.4.1
for emergency organization system of the plan. The following technical departments
are to be included in leading groups established according to emergency plan. The
responsibilities of every department are as follows.
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General command: (Deputy) General Manager
Emergency command center: management department
otice and liaison group:
afety and environmental
protection department
roduction technology
department
Rescue crew:
Equipment department
Staff hospital
Fire fighting department
Assistance and support
group:
Supplies department
Accident investigation group:
Safety and environmental
protection department
Equipment department
Evacuation and guiding
group:
Security department
Accident department
Figure 11.4.1 Organization System of Emergency plan
1. General director: responsible for issuance and cancel emergency plan,
authorizing emergency commanding center for implementation of emergency aid
activities;
2. Production technology department: responsible accident alarming, report
and processing;
3. Equipment department: responsible for assisting general director to
handle the accident, organizing establishment of emergency rescue team and
commanding for onsite repairing;
4. Safety and environmental protection department: responsible for
handling accident and arranging safety, environmental protection measures,
reporting to corresponding government authorities and onsite emergency
supervising;
5. Security department: responsible for public order, guarding, evacuating
of people and onsite security;
6. Staff hospital: responsible for commanding all medical staff to rescue hurt and poisoned patients;
7. Fire fighting department: responsible for identifying nature of toxic gas,
proposing prevention measures; rescuing of poisoned patients in poisoning area and
commanding evacuation of people and extinguishment;
8. Supplies department: responsible for the supply of rescue materials and
necessities for production guarantee.
11.4.3 Information Report and Notice
In case of risk accident, it must report to emergency command department and
superior competent authority and local people’s government immediately according
to regulations as stated in Emergency Plan on Sudden Environmental Pollution Accident of the Country, Method on Information Report for Sudden Environmental
Accident of Competent Administrative Environmental Protection Authority (on
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trial) and related national regulations to assure communication and contact with
related departments in 24 hours in order to apply corresponding rescue measures.
11.4.4 Emergency response and recue measures
11.4.4.1 Emergency Response
1. Emergency response at early period
During the early period of accident, the emergency command shall be assumed by
on-duty directors and the monitoring room shall be activated as emergency commanding center for rescue to apply response activities according to the type and
position of emergencies. Meanwhile, primary notice is to be delivered to agencies
and government authorities outside the boundary by responsible person of
communication. The emergency shall be classified as onsite emergency or overall
emergency by manager of the company after receiving the notice. See Figure 11.4.2
for specific operation procedures.
General emergency
command
On-duty director
Responsible person
of communication
Monitoring room
operator Onsite operation command
Operation director
Emergency response team
Process operator Figure 11.4.2 Agencies for Emergency Aid at Early Period
2. Overall emergency
Once the accident is classified or upgraded, the general command of emergency aid
shall notify government authorities outside the boundary immediately, and activate emergency command center, convene related emergency aid response agencies. The
designated contact person shall keep contact with onsite emergency team at early
period until onsite command is replaced by onsite aid and agencies outside the
company. Onsite security personnel is responsible for check the number of all
person originally onsite. Once the emergency is under control, the general
emergency command can reduce the rank of accident, command to restart and
resume emergency activities. See Figure 11.4.3 for specific operation procedures.
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General emergency command
On-duty director
Responsible person
of communication Monitoring room
operator
Command for
emergency operation
Director of production department
Onsite command of accident
On-duty production director
Responsible person
of communication
Monitoring room
operator
Technical service
manager
Safety director
Losses control
team
Medical
team
Security
team
Fire fighting
team
Onsite
survey team
Leakage
team Figure 11.4.3 Flow Chart at Overall Emergency Conditions
11.4.4.2 Technical plan for emergency aid
1. Emergency aid for leakage of hazardous chemicals
In case of chemicals leakage that cannot be disposed properly by oneself, on-duty
personnel shall report to the superior and director to contact with related department
and have proper dispose of leakage accident.
Corrosive or toxic chemicals like acid, alkali
In case of leakage in storage tanks and pipelines, leakage valves shall be closed to
stop leaking immediately by protection articles, and persons are to be evacuated to
avoid impact of corrosive liquid and irritating gas; organize workers to transfer
goods and movable equipments that may be corroded to safe; meanwhile, transfer
chemicals that may have reaction with leakage to safe and post warning signs at
leakage area. In case of leakage in pipelines connecting storage tanks, valves of
drums and tanks shall be closed immediately to cut off pollution source and dispose
remaining chemicals in pipelines properly. In case of leakage in pumps transferring
acids, alkalis and other chemicals, pumps are to be stopped and inlet valves closest
to the pump are to be closed to cut of pollution source. In case of leakage in tank cars transferring chemicals before arriving at its destination within the boundary,
doorkeeper, staff within the boundary, patrol person within the boundary or raw
material receiving person shall require driver of concerning car parking at
comparatively safe place (far from storm drain and piling yard) immediately, and
apply effective prevention measures in advance. If it cannot be disposed properly by
oneself, the materials receiving department shall be contacted in time. The receiving
department shall organize emergency tem to leakage onsite immediately after
receiving notice. In case of leakage in pipelines connecting storage tanks, tank
bodies and transfer pumps, it shall be disposed according to above measures. If there
is large amount of leakage that cannot be controlled, effective measures are to be applied to block off nearly storm drain, warehouse to control leakage within a
certain scope and prevent them flowing out through storm drain or flowing into
warehouse, and thus pollute water resources and goods. Fine sand is to be prepared
in every laboratory in order to dispose small amount of leakage of acid, alkali. In
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case of leakage of acid, alkali and other chemicals, it shall consider how to recover
and recycle it at first, and then apply safe disposal measures. If there is small amount
of leakage, it shall dilute the leakage with water at first and then wash chemicals
within the coffer dam or on the ground into waste ditch and send to wastewater
treatment plant for disposal. If there is large amount of leakage, it shall be
neutralized firstly before disposal and cover chemicals that cannot be washed out by water with sand.
Heavy oil leakage in existing project
(a) Cut off leakage sources to prevent leakage from discharging into sewer,
drainage channel and other limited spaces. Small amount of leakage can be absorbed
by sand, roseite or other inert materials; large amount of leakage can be transferred
to tank car or special collector by pump.
(b) Liquid leakage are to be diluted by water, gas chemicals are to be
eliminated through natural or forced ventilation. Waste water shall be delivered to
wastewater treatment plant for disposal and then achieve safe discharge. In case of
large amount of leakage of general chemicals, nearby storm drains are to be blocked
off at first to prevent diffusion and then apply measures to dispose leakage.
(c) In case of human contact with hazardous chemicals, corresponding
measures shall be applied immediately, look for nearby water resources or washing
devices to wash the contact skin by large amount of water. If acid liquid is splashed
into eyes, it shall be washed with water or 3% of sodium bicarbonate solution or
saline water; if alkali liquid is splashed into eyes, it shall be washed by large amount
of water and then send to hospital.
(d) In case of leakage of hazardous chemicals, related personnel shall arrive
at onsite immediately and make a decision whether to evacuate person or stop
production according to leakage amount, extent of toxicity and scope of impact of
hazardous chemicals.
(e) Concerning departments shall organize to clean and recover sites
polluted by chemical leakage to meet sanitation requirements for working place and
assure normal operation of factory. The wastewater shall be discharged into
wastewater treatment plant for disposal finally.
(f) The reason for chemical leakage shall be identified after onsite treatment.
It can only resume operation after applying corresponding measures in order to
assure no similar accidents in the future. Related departments are responsible for the
repairing of leakage tanks, pipelines and other equipments; repairing of coffer dams
at tank foundation; summary and record on the reform are to be provided by on-duty
personnel during leakage after resume normal operation, which shall be filed after tracking check.
2. Chlorine dioxide preparation workshop
Water solution of chlorine dioxide
Onsite personnel shall make accident notice immediately, evacuate unconcerned
person, close other valves without leakage after wearing protection suit and check
the leakage parts, stop reactors and use firefighting water to spray to resolve gas at
necessary conditions in order to assure workers safety. If there is leakage in pipeline
or valve, related devices shall be replaced in time and if there is leakage in storage
tank, it shall transfer the tank and apply further measures to dispose leakage of
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chlorine dioxide solution.
Water solution of methanol
Evacuate personnel in leakage pollution area to safe place immediately; apply
quarantine and strict access limitation measures. Cut off fire sources. It suggests
emergency response personnel wearing self-supported respirator and antistatic work
suit. Do not contact with leakage directly and cut off leakage sources to prevent
from discharging into sewers, drainage channel and other limited spaces. Small amount of leakage can be absorbed by sand or other inflammable materials and can
also be washed with large amount of water. The resulted wastewater is to be
discharged into wastewater system after dilution. Large amount of leakage is to be
collected in coffer dam or pit; covered by foam to reduce steam hazard; transferred
to tank car or special collector by anti-explosion pump to be recycled or delivered to
waste treatment sites for disposal.
3. Emergency aid for fire and explosion
Accident site
In case of fire or explosion of chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorate, methanol or alkali
furnace or facilities, it shall cut of related switches and make a report immediately.
Emergent repairing team is to be established. Emergency repairing personnel, protection articles, vehicles, equipments and communication devices are to be
equipped. And emergency repairing plan for various emergent accidents are to be
worked out in advance, thus it can organize emergent repairing rapidly after an
accident.
Once a fire is identified by production operators, it shall apply corresponding
measures decisively according to fire size. Small fire is to be extinguished with
nearby fire fighting equipments. Big fire that cannot be controlled is to be reported
to fire brigade (119) immediately and send an alarm to dispatching department of
the company. Necessary measures are to be applied at the same time to strive for
time before arriving of special fire brigade.
In case of fire in storage tanks, pipelines and roads, it had better apply a remote
extinguishing measure or remedy with remote control water jet and water cooling
containers with large capacity until the fire is extinguished.
Emergency aid department
The dispatching department shall notify head of concerning department to identify
causes immediately after receiving alarm, issue instructions on activating emergency
aid plan, and notify command members, fire brigade, and medical aid group to go to
accident site.
Fire brigade shall extinguish the fire in time after arriving, search and rescue onsite
poisoned and injured people with emergency squad of concerning department and
evacuate them away at the fastest speed. Seriously injured shall be send to hospital for medical treatment immediately. Wastewater produced by onsite firefighting
cannot be discharged directly, which shall be stored in emergency accident pool and
discharged after achieving safe emission standard.
Emergency plan on accident wastewater discharge
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(a) Jam in trash rack: in case of overflow resulted by jam for high waste
residue content in wastewater, on-duty operators must report to head of
on-duty operators immediately and apply manual cleaning measures for
the jam at the same time. Head of on-duty operators shall arrive at the site
immediately. Onsite clearance decisions are to be made according to
possible impact scope of wastewater leakage and report to superior
authority. Related production departments shall also be contacted to
propose requirement on water quality improvement.
(b) Water leakage in pump room of regulation reservoir: in case of
malfunction of all pumps, on-duty personnel shall report to head of on-
duty operators and supreme director of the department immediately to
contact with related maintenance party and organize emergency
maintenance, and the supreme director shall make an order to stop
production.
(c) In case of scum overflow in primary and secondary sedimentation, on-
duty personnel shall report to head of on-duty operators and activate scum
pump immediately. Head of on-duty operators shall organize personnel to
clean up overflowed scum on the ground.
(d) In case of overflow in sludge well, on-duty personnel shall report to head
of on-duty operators and activate dewaterer as more as possible to
increase processing capability and reduce sludge discharged into sludge
well from primary and secondary sedimentation pools. Head of on-duty
operators shall organize personnel to clean up overflowed scum on the
ground.
(e) In case of leakage in wastewater pump and sludge pump, on-duty
personnel shall report to head of on-duty operators immediately. Head of
on-duty operators shall organize personnel to replace or maintain
equipments and clean up overflowed waste water or sludge on the ground.
(f) In case of malfunction in wastewater treatment system and abnormal
conditions in production line of wastewater treatment, on-duty personnel
shall report to head of on-duty operators. The head of on-duty operators
shall report to supreme director of the department immediately and
contact with related maintenance party to organize emergency
maintenance. The wastewater treatment system can only resume operation
after the malfunction has been eliminated. During emergency repairing,
wastewater produced during production is suggested to be discharged into
planned emergency accident pool. If it the malfunction problem cannot be
solved within short time, the production shall be stopped, which can only
be restored after wastewater treatment facilities have been repaired and
wastewater in accident pool has been disposed. It shall also report to
superior director and the order for stop production of pulping shall be
made by supreme director. The production can only be resumed after the
restoration of wastewater treatment system.
(g) Overflow in pulp tank, pulp pump, waste water pump and damaged pulp
tank: in case of overflow in pulp tank or damaged pulp tank due to
malfunction of alarm or human negligence, it shall report to head of on-
duty operators, look for reasons and stop the overflow in time at the same
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time. Wash pulp overflowing on ground into waste water ditch and send
to wastewater treatment site with other wastewater together for disposal.
Meanwhile, it shall notify the wastewater treatment site. Serious overflow
is to be reported to supreme director of the department to make a decision
whether stop production or not. And it shall contact with related
department for filing at the same time.
(h) In case of wastewater leakage that may flow into rainwater system, or lead
to small flow or replacement of maintenance equipments due to big flow
in chlorine dioxide preparation workshop or pump malfunction, it shall
clean the wastewater overflowed into the ground, which shall be washed
into wastewater discharge system, thus into wastewater treatment station
for disposal. And it shall also report to the supreme director of the
department and be filed at the same time.
5. Emergency aid for other accidental release
Accidental waste gas discharge
If there is malfunction in electrostatic precipitator of furnace, it results in over
emission of TSP in gas. In this case, the furnace load is to be reduced immediately.
If the over emission still exists, then activate the burner to reduce coal used for burning. If all electrostatic precipitation trip, activate the burner immediately. If it
can be restored within short time, then continue use the burning of fuel and kerosene
to assure a safe discharge of dust, and organize emergency repairing. If it cannot
achieve a safe discharge, it shall stop the operation of furnace.
Accidental black liquor discharge
It suggests installation of control system for overflow alarm at storage tank of black
liquor to avoid impact on wastewater treatment station due to black liquor overflow
and solve the problem after system restoration. In case of large amount of leakage, it
shall stop production immediately until system restoration. Blacked liquor being
leaked out shall be send to wastewater treatment station for disposal.
11.4.4.3 Medical aid and public health
In case of a risk accident, a judgment shall be made according to extent of accident and nearby mass shall be evacuated with the coordination of medical aid
departments. Poisoned and injured people shall be provided with medical aid in time
to assure their life safety.
11.4.4.4 Emergency environment monitoring
In case of an accident, it must implement monitoring on corresponding pollutants
with existing monitoring equipments and in active coordination with local
environmental monitoring authority, analyze impact on peripheral environment and
propose feasible control measures. For atmospheric environment impact resulted by
leakage of toxic substances, it shall monitor the concentration of corresponding
pollutants, analyze the scope and extent of impact and propose feasible measures;
water that is hazardous to water body and wastewater must be collected in accident pool, which can only be discharged after the pollution has been under control within
the boundary and meeting related standard.
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11.4.4.5 Emergency stop and restoration measures
Working conditions for assuring entirely completion of emergency aid: all fires have
been extinguished; all possible pollutant leakages have been controlled in isolation
with no impact on peripheral environment. Then it can notify related departments of
concerning party, peripheral communities and persons that the danger has been
eliminated and can terminate the emergency procedures.
After emergency procedures of accident have been terminated, it shall organize restoration according to emergency plan, including overhaul, installation and
commission of equipments. Accident report is to be drawn to indicate the causes and
losses of it, to conclude a summary in order to avoid similar accident. For losses
resulted by accident, provide reasonable arrangement and compensation for infected
people. Organize experts to make an assessment on medium and long term impact of
environmental pollution accident and propose suggestions on compensation and
restoration of infected ecological environment.
11.4.4.6 Training and exercise
It shall provide emergency education for staff of the whole factory, training on
safety and accident treatment for staff in dangerous post and implement post
examination by emergency command department. In addition, have exercise on emergency plan for risks in time. It requires providing a theory training every month
and organizing an exercise every half a year. Heads of every emergency aid team
shall take professional training provided by firefighting department, supervision and
management department for safety production and other related departments.
11.4.4.7 Guarantee of emergency aid
Once there is risk accident, it must assure timely activation of related emergency aid
plan to keep pollution under control within the first time and minimize the impact of
accident. Therefore, related guarantee for emergency aid must be implemented in
daily work.
1. Emergency communication security
Make clear of communication way and method with related departments or personnel concerning emergency response and provide backup plan. Establish
information communication system and maintenance plan to secure smooth
communication during emergency.
2. Emergency response team security
Make clear of human resources for emergency response, including the organization
and security plan of specialized and part time emergency response teams.
3. Emergency supplies and equipments security
Allocate some emergency fund for pollution accident for purchasing, management
and maintenance of daily emergency supplies and equipments, which is mainly use
for check of fire fighting equipments, spraying devices for control pollutants diffusion and supporting devices. These devices and equipments shall be kept by
designated person.
4. Funds security
A fixed sum of funds is guaranteed to be allocated by party to be used for fixed
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purpose – risk prevention. The emergency fund shall be guaranteed in place in time
under emergency conditions.
5. Other securities
Other related securities need to be defined according to requirements on emergency
work in the project, such as technical security, transportation security, public
security, medical security, logistic security.
11.4 Conclusion
According to risk identification, risk factors included in the project are leakage of
hazardous chemicals during production, accidental release of pollutants, fire and
explosion of flammables, explosive substances and units.
Incidence of various risks, extent of hazards can be reduced greatly through
establishment of perfect environmental management and risk management measures
(plans), equipment of sufficient facilities and equipments, strengthening training on related person and applying appropriate risk prevention measures and emergency
measures. It shall focus on prevention of accident risks and in combination with self
assistance and society assistance. Daily risk investigation shall be implemented
within enterprise and response according to emergency plan when there is risk
accident to minimize harm on human and environmental pollution resulted by risk
accident.
12 Analysis and Assessment on Cleaner Production
Cleaner production is an important move to carry out the strategy of sustainable
development. The aim of cleaner production is to apply the pollution prevention
strategy to the whole process of production sustainably, raise resource utilization by constantly improving management and pushing technical advancement, reduce
pollutant emission and decrease pollution harm to the human and the environment.
The core strategy of cleaner production is starting from the source and giving
priority to prevention so as to realize unification of economic benefits and
environmental benefits through whole process control.
The State Environmental Protection Administration (today’s Ministry of
Environmental Protection) pointed out in its Document EC [1997] 232: the
environmental impact assessment on a construction project should include the
content with relation to cleaner production to assess whether the technology and
product accord with the requirements for cleaner production. Therefore, this will be a qualitative assessment on the level of cleaner production of the proposed
production line from different aspects including technology and equipment level,
sources and energy utilization index, pollutant generating index, wastes recovery
and recycling index, product index and environmental management. This qualitative
assessment will be made in light of the wastewater and waste gas management
guideline/sources utilization standards provided in “Cleaner Production Standard —
— Papermaking Industry (Production of Bleached Soda Straw Pulp) (HJ/T339-
2007)” and “Papermaking Industry Environment, Health and Safety Guide” .
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12.1 Factor of Papermaking Industry Cleaner Production
The decisive factor for pollution control in the project implementation is applying
cleaner production according to following principles:
1. Adopting advanced technologies and equipment;
2. Strengthening comprehensive utilization of sources and energy and using
cleaner energy and raw materials;
3. Producing high grade products;
4. Controlling emission of pollutants;
5. Improving comprehensive utilization efficiency of the wastes;
6. Raising environmental management level.
Application of cleaner production technology is not only beneficial to the
environment, but also can improve product quality, reduce production cost and raise
labor productivity.
12.2 Analysis on Cleaner Production of the Project
12.2.1 Technology and Equipment Level
1. Dry and wet stocking
The project will adopt dry and wet stock preparation, which would remove more
non-fiber impurity, effectively reducing consumption of cooling chemical drugs,
improving pulp quality and reducing silicon content in the black liquor. The mature
and reliable equipment and high quality pulp can the efficiency of black liquor extraction and alkali recovery and reduce pollutant emission.
2. Continuous cooking
Continuous cooking adopted in the technical renovation project is a well accepted
production method at home and abroad. Continuous cooking technology has
following advantages: covering small space, lowering labor intensity, ensuring
steady pulp quality, balancing steam utilization and reducing pollutant emission. The
fine pulp yield would be 2-4% higher than that of steam sphere. Full automation
control can be realized.
3. Full-closed pressure screening
This project will adopt one-section twin-roll pulp washer + three-section series vacuum countercurrent washing + closed screening technology to treat the
wastewater produced in the process of pulp making, raising the black liquor
extraction rate from current 80% to about 90% and reducing discharge of pollutants.
4. Elemental chlorine free bleaching
The proposed project will adopt chlorine dioxide as bleaching agent with elemental
chlorine free bleaching technology. The yield of AOX after bleaching will drop
significantly in comparison with the existing project, fully meeting the limit of 12
mg/l stipulated in GB3544-2008 – “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp
and Paper Industry”.
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12.2.2 Capacity of Comprehensive Use of Sources and Energy
This project will establish the electric transformer, water supply station, circulating
water station, refrigerating plant and air compressor station as close as to the main
users so as to reduce transport energy consumption and process losses. Heat
insulation and preservation measures will be improved for the control of steam
consumption. By adopting advanced technology process, the indexes of power, steam and coal consumption will remarkably drop. Comprehensive energy
consumption per ton of product will be under 1.0t standard coal, material
consumption under 2.46t and fresh water under 80m3, all meeting the advanced
national or international standards.
12.2.3 Raw Materials and Products
1. Clean materials
The proposed project will mainly adopt wheat straw as raw materials. These kinds of
materials are free of poison with less impact on ecological environment and high
renewability.
2. Clean products
The main product of the project will be wheat straw pulp and the end product will be
paper products. All the chemicals used are free of poison and harmless or just have
low poison and harm, basically without impact on the environment and human
health.
12.2.4 Indexes of Pollutants Yield
1. Wastewater pollutants will be control in full process. The wastewater
produced in the process of production will be recycled as much as possible. The
discharged wastewater will be finallyfilled into oxidation pond for irrigation of the
forests. Through these measures, the impact on the outside environment will be
minimized.
2. The alkali recovery furnace of this project will adopt electrostatic
precipitation technology. The emission of treated flue and smoke pollutant with
meet the requirements of Table 2 of GB9078-1996 – “Emission Standard of Air
Pollutants for Industrial Kiln and Furnace”. Moreover, treatment measures like
water cooling will be adopted to deal with the powder emitted randomly from the
coal yard.
3. All the solid wastes in main process will be treated properly to realize
safety treatment and comprehensive utilization by recycling, reusing and reducing.
4. The best will be tried to select high-precision, well-assemble and low-
noise equipment. Install mufflers on the high-noise equipment like blowers and air compressors etc. In building design of the plant, the doors and windows of the main
control room and duty office will be double glazed, the equipment generating higher
noise like wind duct will be covered with noise-reducing materials.
5 This project will use advanced technologies and select advanced
equipment and devices with stable performance in the country at present so as to
control and reduce the pollutants from the original sources.
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12.2.5 Comprehensive Use of Waste Materials
.1 Comprehensive use of wastewater
The wastewater generated by the proposed project will be treated and discharged
into the oxidation pond but not other outside water bodies. The treated water will be
filled into oxidation pond will be used to irrigate the forests. Reduction and
comprehensive use of the wastewater thus can be realized.
2. Comprehensive use of solid wastes
Various kinds of solid wastes generated by the proposed project will be treated and
used safely and effectively. The wheat straw scraps will be composted as fertilizer;
the pulp dregs will be used in the paper making workshop; the white mud will be
used as agent for furnace wet desulfurizing; the green mud and lime dregs will be
buries and the sludge of the wastewater treatment plant will be comprehensively
used as fertilizer for the forest land.
12.2.6 Environmental Management
In order to build up excellent image of the company and realize sustainable
development, Ningxia Meili Paper Industrial Co. Ltd. has established a special department to take charge of daily environmental management according to relative
laws and regulations of the state and related documents issued by the environmental
protection departments at provincial, municipal or county levels. After the proposed
project completed, the environmental management system will be further improved
under the current basis to raise the capacity of environmental management and meet
the requirements of sustainable development.
12.3 Assessment on Capacity of Cleaner Production
12.3.1 Source of Cleaner Production Indexes
Cleaner production indexes are defined according to HJ/T339-2007 - “Cleaner
Production Standard —— Papermaking Industry (Production of Bleached Soda
Straw Pulp)” and “Papermaking Industry Environment, Health and Safety Guide”.
See Table 13.3.1 for the specific requirements of HJ/T339-2007 and Table 13.3.2 for
specific requirements of the wastewater and waste gas management
guideline/sources utilization standards stipulated in the “Environment, Health and
Safety Guide for Paper Industry”.
Table 12.3.1 Schedule of Cleaner Production Indexes Grades of cleaner
production indexes Grade I Grade II Grade III
I. Requirements to technology and equipment
1. Stocking Dry and wet stocking, recycling of washing water
2. Cooking Horizontal piping continuous cooking, batch displacement cooking, cold blow
Batch cooking
3. Washing Multi-section countercurrent washing
4. Screening Total-closed pressure
screening Pressure screening
Improving traditional
screening process
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Grades of cleaner production indexes
Grade I Grade II Grade III
5. Bleaching Oxygen delignification, ECF or TCF bleaching
Oxygen delignification, ECF, ClO2 or
hydrogen peroxide replacing some
chlorine bleaching
Hydrogen peroxide
replacing some chlorine or multi-section bleaching
6 Alkali recovery Multi-effective falling film or rising and falling film combined evaporator, precast filter, heat
and power combined production
Complete set of alkali recovery
facilities in normal operation
II. Indexes of sources and energy utilization
1. Water
consumption m3/Adt 100 110 130
2 Composite energy
consumption (outsourced energy) kg (standard
coal)/Adt
950 1000 1150
3 Consumption of fiber
materials (absolutely dry) t/Adt
2.4 2.5 2.5
III. Indexes of pollutants yield (before end process, not including the pollution load of water discharge in wet stocking process)
1. wastewater
yield m3/Adt 90 100 120
2.CODCr yield kg/Adt 160 200 250
3. BOD5 yield kg/Adt 45 60 75
4. SS yield kg/Adt 60 80 100
5. AOX yield kg/Adt 1.5 2.5 3.0
IV. Indexes of wastes recycling
1. Water recycling % 80 70 60
2. White mud alkali
residues Na2O % 1.0 1.2 1.5
3. Black liquor
abstraction % 88 85 80
4. Alkali recovery % 78 75 70
5. Mud comprehensive
utilization % 100 100 100
V. Environmental management requirements
1. Laws, regulations and standards on environment
According with the state and local laws and regulations on environment, discharging pollutants within the state and local
limits, meeting the requirements of control in total and pollutant discharge license management.
2. Examination and verification of cleaner
production
Implementing cleaner production examination and verification according to the requirement of the SEPA (MEP of today) in
“Temporary Methods for Examination and Verification of Cleaner Production, and fully carrying out waste free or law waste
scheme.
3. Environmental management system
Establishing and implementing environmental
management system
Pperfect environmental management system and complete original records
and statistic data.
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Grades of cleaner production indexes
Grade I Grade II Grade III
according to ISO14001 and perfecting environmental
management manual as well as procedure
and operation documents
4. Management the consumption of water, power and stream in the process of
production
Installing measuring instructions and
establishing strict quantitative
examination system.
Measuring the consumption in
main sections and establishing quantitative examination
system
Measuring the water, power and
steam consumption in
the main sections.
5. Solid wastes treatment and disposal
Properly treating the common wastes and making harmless disposal of the hazardous wastes according to the requirements
related.
A mill specific compliance anlaysis and a comparison between applicable Chinese
standards and EHS guidelines is elaborated in below.
(1) Wastewater
The Meili Paper mill uses wheat as raw materials, to which the EHS
Guidelines’ Annex B Table l non-wood effluent guidelines apply. The EIA
carried out mill specific analysis of the effluent quality compared with the
EHS effluent guidelines and domestic standards, as shown in the table
below.
Table 12.3.1a Before and after project effluent quality of Meili
Paramete
rs Unit EHS
Domestic
Standard
Before the
project Prediction
Flow m3/t陶AD陶 50 54 78.2 44.4
pH / 6陶9 6陶9 6陶9 6陶9
TSS kg/t陶AD陶 2.0 1.62 4.67 1.11
COD kg/t陶AD陶 30 4.86 27.36 3.60
BOD5 kg/t陶AD陶 2.0 1.08 7.5 0.80
Total
nitrogen kg/t陶AD陶 0.5 0.65
0.62 0.36
Total
phosphor kg/t陶AD陶 0.05 0.04
0.06 0.01
AOX kg/t陶AD陶 0.65 0.94
0.53
According to the analysis, before the technical upgrading, most of the
parameters do not meet the new national standards (GB3544-2008, Table
2), as well as EHS guidelines. After the project, Meili can meet the national
standards universally, and the EHS effluent guidelines as well.
(2) Air emissions
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The main point air emission sources in the mill are the alkali furnace and
boiler. Different standards and guidelines apply to those different sources,
as discussed in below.
(a) Alkali furnace
The alkali furnace air emissions belong to process gases that are
different from steam boilers or power plants. Therefore, the emission
values give in Table 2 of the WBG EHS Guidelines for Pulp and Paper
Mills is used. Domestically, the GB9078-1996 applies. The analysis
uses the monitoring data provided by Zhongwei Environmental
Monitoring Stations who conducted the supervision monitoring in
accordance with relevant regulations. It is noted that the said EHS
guidelines are mostly refer to wood-pulp Kraft process, while this
project uses non-wood materials. Due to the different quality of the raw
materials and needed chemicals, the comparison is only for reference.
See Table 12.3.1b.
Table 12.3.1b Alkali Furnace air emissions comparison analysis
2010-2011 year actual air emission monitoring data
EHS pulp and paer, Annex B, Table 2
Paramter Unit Values Values Unit Parameter
s PM Kg/ADt 1.28 0.5 Kg/ADt TSP
SO2 Kg/ADt 1.11 / Kg/ADt SO2
SO2 as S Kg/ADt 0.56 0.4 Kg/ADt SO2 as S
NOx Kg/ADt / 1.5 Kg/ADt NOx
0.2 Kg/ADt TRS
According to the Table, the SO2 emission from the alkali recovery furnace is
very close to meet EHS emission guidelines, while the dust surpass the EHS values.
Since the applicable GB9078-1996 has no requirement on NOx, the Zhongwei
Environmental Monitoring Station, when conducting supervision monitoring, has
not included the NOx parameter either. Therefore the NOx emission is not available
for comparison.
(b) Boiler
The boiler is analyzed using EHS guidelines forthermal power plants.
Domestic applicable standards is the GB13223-2003. The analysis uses
the monitoring data provided by Zhongwei Environmental Monitoring
Stations who conducted the supervision monitoring in accordance with
relevant regulations
Table 12.3.1c 75t/h boiler air emission compararison analysis
2010-2011 year actual air emission
monitoring data
EHS Thermal Plant Guidelines(P20, Table
6
Paramter Unit Values Values Unit Parameters PM mg/m3 46.30 50 mg/m3 PM
SO2 mg/m3 374 900~1500 mg/m3 SO2
NOx mg/m3 209 510-1100 mg/m3 NOx
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According to Table 81c, the EHS emission guidelines values are all met.
The above comparison analysis indicate that the air emissions from the
mill’s alkali recovery furnace and boiler have all met national
standards. It also meets the applicable EHS emission guidelines value
except the PM from the alkali recovery furnace. The proposed technical
upgrade will eliminate old cooking process that will be replaced by a
new one. The total capacity will decrease accordingly which will result
in further reduction of air emissions.
陶3陶Noise
Applicable domestic acoustic standards include GB12348-2008. The
EHS General Guidelines is taken for analysis. According to the noise
monitoring conducted during EA stage, the noise level at the mill
boundary and noise sensitive receptors meet the domestic nationa
standards, and the EHS Guidelines values as well.
Table 12.3.1.d Noise level comparision analysis
GB12348-2008 WB General Guidelines Table 1.7.1
Period Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime
Time 06:00-22:00 22:00-06:00 07:00-22:00 22:00-07:00
Level 1 =Residential, Education, Cultural
55 45 55 45
Monitoring Values 43.8-44.8 41.6 43.2 三 三
12.3.2 Assessment and Analysis on Cleaner Production Indexes
See Table 13.3.3 for the capacity of cleaner production of the proposed project
Table 12.3.3 Estimation of Cleaner Production Level
Grades of cleaner production indexes Grade
I Grade
II Grade
III Proposed project
Analysis on cleaner production
level
Indexes of sources and energy utilization
1. Wter consumption m3/Adt 100 110 130 80 Grade I
2 Composite energy consumption
(outsourced energy) kg (standard coal)/Adt 950 1000 1150 1000 Grade II
3 Consumption of fiber materials
(absolutely dry) t/Adt 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.46 Grade II
Indexes of pollutants yield (before end process, not including the pollution load of water discharge in wet stocking process)
1. Wastewater yield m3/Adt 90 100 120 44.45 Grade I
2.CODCr yield kg/Adt 160 200 250 60.31 Grade I
3. BOD5 yield kg/Adt 45 60 75 15.74 Grade I
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Grades of cleaner production indexes Grade
I Grade
II Grade
III Proposed project
Analysis on cleaner production
level
4. SS yield kg/Adt 60 80 100 17.88 Grade I
5. AOX yield kg/Adt 1.5 2.5 3.0 0.45 Grade I
Indexes of wastes recycling
1. Water recycling % 80 70 60 71 Grade III
2. White mud alkali residues Na2O % 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.2 Grade II
3.Black liquor abstraction % 88 85 80 85 Grade II
4. Alkali recovery % 78 75 70 77 Grade II
5. Mud comprehensive utilization % 100 100 100 100 Grade I
As shown by above analysis, all the indexes of the proposed project will reach
national or international advanced level and the first grade except some of them just
at national level.
Please see Table 13.3.4 for the cleaner production level of the project and related index requirements of wastewater and waste gas management guideline/sources
utilization standards stipulated in the “Environment, Health and Safety Guide for
Paper Industry”.
Table 12.3.4 Comparison between the Cleaner Production Level of the Project
and the Indexes Stipulated in the “Environment, Health and Safety Guide for
Paper Industry”
1. Wastewater management guideline/sources utilization standards
Indexes Unit Guideline This project
Flow a m3/t AD 55 53.8
pH value 6 9 6 9
TSS kg/t AD 2.0 1.35
COD kg/t AD 30 4.36
BOD5 kg/t AD 2.0 0.97
AOX kg/t AD 0.005 0.6
Total nitrogen kg/t AD 0.5 0.43
Total phosphor kg/t AD 0.05 0.043
2. Waste gas management guideline/sources utilization standards
Indexes Unit Guideline This project
SO2 as S kg/t AD 1.0 0.41
NOx as NO2 kg/t AD 2.0 0.55
TRS as S kg/t AD 0.2 0.2
In comparison the cleaner production level of this project with relative indexes
stipulated in the “Environment, Health and Safety Guide for Paper Industry”, all the
indexes of this project can meet the standards except water discharge per ton of
pulp, TSS and BOD5.
12.4Conclusion
In the light of the advancement of above mentioned technical equipment adopted by
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this project, clean products to be produced by this project and the analysis and
comparison of technical equipment, production cost and environmental impact
between this project and other sectors according to the requirements of cleaner
production, we can say that the cleaner production of this project will exceed
domestic advanced level and meet the national advanced level.
It is the foundation of cleaner production of the project for the workers of the enterprises as the main players to renew their ideas and foster awareness of cleaner
production. Enterprise’s engineers, technicians and managers are the backbone to
implement cleaner production. To implement cleaner production, it is critical for the
leading people at different levels of the enterprise, especially the chief leaders, to
change traditional production concept and enhance their awareness of cleaner
production.
13. Pollution Control Measures and Feasibility Analysis
13.1 Environmental Protection Measures during Construction Period and
Feasibility Analysis
13.1.1 Measures to Control the Impact on Ambient Environment during Construction
Period
The main pollutants in ambient air during construction period are air-borne dust and
the emissions form automobiles, and towards the pollution caused by the emissions
form automobiles, the requirement of the attainment of the emissions form all
automobiles usually does not cause serious impact; towards the air-borne dust generated in constructions and operations, the following to mitigate pollution
measures should be taken:
1. During the operating hours and operating segments, which are easy to
generate air-borne dust, the approach of sprinkling water should be adopted to
mitigate the pollution caused by total suspended particulates, as long as the
frequency of sprinkling water increases, the concentration of total suspended
particulates in air can be greatly reduced.
2. The vehicles that transport sands, stones and other building materials shall not be
filled to a level which will cause overflow of material or secondary air-borne dust.
3. In case of heavy winds, building materials that are easy to generate air-borne dust should be covered during transportation.
4. The vehicles that transport materials must be checked regularly, the
broken carriages shall be promptly repaired, and the leakage of building materials
from the vehicles should be prohibited while driving.
5. When the vehicles is moving out of the construction site, the soil on the
body, especially the tires, should be washed up, a shallow pool can be built up for
the vehicles out of the construction site to pass slowly across it, thus most of the soil
on the ties can be washed up, and then according to the specific conditions, the
method of high-pressure spray wash can be adopted to wash up the soil remaining
on the body and the tires, so a to effectively prevent the vehicles from taking the soil from the construction site to the urban roads and avoid serious localized secondary
air-borne dust pollution.
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6. Environmentally friendly decoration materials should be used, so as to
mitigate the environmental pollution caused by toxic and hazardous gases from the
source.
7. Towards the construction sites with the paint and other materials that generated
toxic and hazardous gases, the ventilation should be increased and the construction time should be controlled.
13.1.2 Measures to Control the Impact on Water Environment during Construction
Period
The oil-separating tank, grit chamber and sedimentation tank should be set up for the
waste water during construction period, after the waste water is left to stand for a
certain period, it can be used in the watering for dust suppression and the washing of
vehicle tires.
If during the construction period, the construction personal can be caclated as 1,000
persons on average, the volume of domestic sewage can be caclated as 80L / person
• day, thus the volume of domestic sewage generated by the construction personal
shall be 80m3/d, and the domestic sewage shall be discharged into the company's
existing waste water treatment plant via temporary pipes and the treated domestic
sewage shall be discharged after attains the standard.
13.1.3 Measures to Control the Impact on Noise Environment during Construction
Period
Effective ways to control noise pollution are: reduction of the noise at source,
limitation of sound transmission and blockage of sound reception.
1. Noise control for on-site construction personnel
Control of noise sources: low-noise equipments should be chosen as construction
machineries; mufflers should be installed on fixed equipments and the intake and
exhaust of excavator, truck and other machineries; equipments with great vibration
shall be equipped with damping devices, and damping materials also can be used;
the care and maintenance of equipments shall be strengthened.
Transmission control: noise barriers, acoustic enclosures and sound insulation rooms
with porous sound-absorbing materials should be established in the vicinity of
concrete mixer and other major noise sources with high sound level; temporary
sound barriers should be established on the border of the construction site or the
areas with relative concentration of noise equipments.
Receptor protection: the impact of construction machineries on the construction
personnel within the construction site is inevitable, thus the soundproof helmets, ear
muffs and ear plugs should be distributed to the construction personnel.
2. Precausions within office area, utility area and residential area
From the above analytical results, it can be seen that nearby villages and other
sensitive targets will be affected by the construction, thus the construction time should be strictly controlled, excepting for the requirement of special process in the
construction, continuous construction around the clock shall be avoided, and the
construction time should be controlled in 8:00 ~ 12:00 and 14:00 ~ 22:00. If the
special needs of the construction process require any construction at night, relevant
procedures must be conducted in environmental protection departments, and
surrounding villagers must be informed of the reason for the construction,
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construction date and the length of construction time via announcement.
13.1.4 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Measures
In order to take measures to prevent and control the pollution caused by construction
waste, man-made debris and domestic refuse on the construction site, the following
two points should be conducted:
1. The approvals for the disposal should be obtained from relevant departments in accordance with requirements before the construction, and the wastes
should be disposed in the areas specified in the approval and shall not be stacked in
the farmlands, forests, river courses and other places. Protective measures must be
taken around the specified disposal sites, the wastes shall not be stacked and
discarded carelessly, and meanwhile, the protective measures for drainage must be
conducted, so as to avoid water and soil erosion.
2. The domestic refuse caused by the constructioin personnel should be
collected the same day and be sent to the municipal refuse disposal area by the
environmental sanityary department for treatment, so as to avoid the impact on the
environment that surrounds the construction site.
13.2 Countermeasures and Measures to Prevent and Control Pollution during
Operation Period
13.2.1 Countermeasures and Measures to Prevent and Control Pollutants in Waste
Water
13.2.1.1 Analysis of wastewater characteristics
The waste water of the proposed project mainly consists of the grey water in
screening section and bleaching section, the dirt condensate from alkali recovery
workshop and domestic sewage, and the above-mentioned waste water shall be
discharged into the self-built oxidation pond of the enterprise after the attained
treatment in the company’s waste water treatment plant.
13.2.1.2 Waste water treatment program for existing project
1. Wastewater treatment process
The waste water treatment program for existing project adopts primary
sedimentation tank + regulating tank + selecting tank + aeration tank + secondary
sedimentation tank + the final effluent from coagulation sedimentation, and the
waste water treatment capacity is 60000 m3/d,
The process flow diagram of existing waste water treatment program is shown in
Figure 13.2.1, and the situation of major structures and equipments is shown in
Table 13.2.1.
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Bar screen
Collecting tank
Waste water
Primary sedimentation tank
Regulating tank
Selecting tank
Aeration tank
Secondary sedimentation tank
Forest base
Sludge
Coagulating basin
Oxidation pond
P N
Solid Waste
Attained waste water
Sludge
Sludge storage tank Flocculant
Dewatering thickener
Comprehensive utilization of sludge
Figure 13.2.1 Flow diagram of existing engineering waste water treatment
Table 13.2.1 Major Structures and Equipments in the Existing Waste Water
Treatment Plant
No. Name of facility
Parameters Structure
specifications
Quantity
Residence time
1 Primary
sedimentation
tank
φ47.5m q=1.0m3/m2h H=4.5m Bottom gradient i=8%
Volume 8000M3 1 4.5h
2 Regulating
tank V effective =5500m3 T=3.1h H=6.5m φ=34m Volume 5500M3 1 3.1h
3 Selecting tank Length 13.5m×2 width 52.4m×2 Veffective
=6500m3 T=3.8h H=5.8m Volume 6500M3 2 3.8h
4 Aeration tank Length 80.5m×2 width 52.4m×2 Veffective
=40500m3 T=23h H=5.8m Water depth 4.8m
Volume 40500M3
2 23h
5 Secondary
sedimentation tank
φ=62m q=0.59m3/m2h H=4.8m Volume
15000M3 1 8h
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No. Name of facility
Parameters Structure
specifications
Quantity
Residence time
6 Mixed
reaction pond Veffective =240m3 T=8min H=4.0m Volume 240M3 2 8min
7 Flocculation
tank φ=47.5m H=4.8m Volume 8500M3 1 4.8h
8 Sludge storage
tank φ=17m Veffective =680m3 H=3m Volume 680M3 1 三
9 Air Supply
System Q(air flow)=150m3/min P=49Kpa n=1250r/min 三 4 三
10 Deslimer
Integrative concentrated pressure filter (BSD2500)
4sets Bandwidth 2500mm Power pressure
filter (4.4KW) pre-dewaterer (1.5KW)
三 4 三
11 1# oxidation
pond
Crest elevation 1301.0m design water level
1299.5m design dam height 15.5m
Total capacity
1,969,400 m3 1 15.1d
12 2# oxidation
pond
Crest elevation 1301.0m design water level
1299.5m design dam height15.6m
Total capacity 2,043,000m3
1 14.6d
13 3# oxidation
pond
Crest elevation 1301.0m design water level
1299.5m design dam height15.7m
Total capacity 116,400 m3
1 0.83d
14 4# oxidation
pond
Crest elevation 1301.0m design water level
1299.5m design dam height15.8m
Total capacity 1,841,200 m3
1 15.2d
2. The attainment of existing treatment in the waste water treatment plant
After the waste water in the Plant has been treated via the above process in the waste
water treatment plant, the routine monitoring data of he enterprise show that the
efflux can meet the limitations required by the GB3544-2001 "Discharge Standard
of Pollutants for Paper Industry", after the efflux goes into the oxidation pond for
further treatment to be used for the Forest Base irrigation, and the details can be seen
in Table 13.2.2. The removal rate in each section of the existing waste water
treatment can be seen in Table 13.2.3.
Table 13.2.3 Removal Rate in Each Section of the Existing Waste Water
Treatment
Treatment section
Relevant indicators COD mg/L BOD5 mg/L SS mg/L
Afflux 1447 497 470
Efflux 791.52 225.4 178
Primary sedimentation
tank +
regulating tank Removal rate (%) 52 51 60
Afflux 791.52 225.4 178
Efflux 395.76 108.192 142.4
Aeration tank + secondary
sedimentation
tank Removal rate (%) 50 52 20
Afflux 395.76 108.192 142.4
Efflux 349 96 60
Flocculation sedimentation
tank Removal rate (%) 12 12 58
Total removal efficiency in
the plant
Removal rate (%) 78.88 79.30 86.56
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13.2.1.3 Feasibility analysis of the attainment of the waste water treatment of the
proposed project
1. Treatment processes in the waste water treatment workshop after the
completion of the proposed project
After transformation of the original waste water treatment plant, the waste water of
the proposed project shall be sent to the waste water treatment plant, because the 1# pulp production line, 3# pulp production line, part of the paper-making workshop will
be shut down, the pollution load at the inlet of the waste water treatment plant will be
reduced, in addition, the treatment processes will also be transformed into the primary
sedimentation tank + hydrolytic acidification + regulating tank + selecting aeration tank + secondary sedimentation tank + coagulation sedimentation + filter + the final effluent
from biological aerated filter, after the efflux meets the GB3544-2008 "Discharge Standard
of Pollutants for Paper Industry", the efflux shall go into the oxidation pond for the Forest
Base irrigation, the waste water treatment process after the transformation can be seen in
Figure 14.2.2. The pollution load of the waste water treatment plant after completion
of the proposed can be seen in Table 14.2.4.
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Bar screen
Collecting tank
Waste water
Primary sedimentation tank
Regulating tank
Selecting tank
Aeration tank
Secondary sedimentation tank
Forest base
Sludge
Coagulating basin
Oxidation pond
P N
Solid Waste
Attained waste water
Sludge
Sludge storage tank Flocculant
Dewatering thickener
Comprehensive utilization of sludge
Hydrolytic acidification tank
Filter
BAF
Figure 13.2.2 Flow diagram of the waste water treatment plant after transformation
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2. Feasibility analysis of the attainment of the waste water treatment
After transformation, the waste water treatment process shall adopt primary
sedimentation tank + hydrolytic acidification + regulating tank + selecting aeration
tank + secondary sedimentation tank + coagulation sedimentation + filter +
biological aerated filter, and the plan for the transformation of each existing section
and the major processes are as follows:
Primary sedimentation tank
The existing primary sedimentation tank has a volume of 8000 m3, the waste water
shall go into the primary sedimentation tank after the impurities have been removed
via the coarse bar screen, and the residence time is 4.5h. Currently, the pretreatment
of waste water is conducted by adding PAC and PAM in the primary sedimentation
section for flocculation and sedimentation, after the treatment, the COD removal
efficiency can reach about 50%, but the large amount of existing dosing and the
aging and broken individual components of mud scraper in the primary
sedimentation tank have resulted in poor overall effect of the primary sedimentation
tank. For the above shortcomings, after the implementation of this project, the existing primary settling tank will be transformed, the afflux and effluent weir plates
shall be updated, and the mud scraper shall be maitained, so as to improve its
capacity and effectiveness, and due to the process improvement at later stage, the
dosage in the front part is reduced by about 30%, and after the completion of the
transformation, the removal efficiency can be stabilized at about 30%, thus the
pollution load can be effectively reduced.
Regulating tank
The existing regulating tank has a volume of 5500 m3, the residence time is 3.1h,
after the waste water from various workshops and domestic sewage are collected via
the sewer net, the pumping station is set up in the collecting well. However, due to the unstable quality and quantity of waste water, a regulating tank is set up, so as to
ensure the normal operation of the subsequent biological reaction.
Selecting aeration tank
Select the volume of the existing pool of 6500 m3, the residence time 3.8h, and then
the waste water goes into the biological aeration tank, which has a volume of 40500
m3 and a residence time of 23h, and the biological aeration tank adopts suspended
chain aeration, thus the COD removal efficiency can reach 48% after the treatment
in the biological aerated filter.
The insufficient air flow of the current aeration system and the broken aeration tube
result in insufficient capacity of the system, uneven aeration, inefficient oxygenation efficiency of the aeration system and anoxic condition within the aeration tank. In
addition, this waste water treatment system was established in 2002, the aeration
system consists of suspended chain aeration devices using biolak technology, and
the useful lifetime of the aeration devices with rubber membrane will expire soon,
thus the situation also contributes to the current inefficient treatment.
Towards this situation, the proposed project will adopt the following measures to
conduct the improvement:
After the completion of the proposed project, part of the aeration tank shall be
transformed into hydrolytic acidification tank, so as to favour the latter waste water
treatment in the plant, and the submersible propeller mixer and combined packing
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shall be added, so as to increase the treatment efficiency;
The existing aeration system shall be updated, the flow fan for aeration shall be
added, and the aeration devices with rubber membrane shall be replaced, so as to
meet the oxygen demand of the aerobic processes of the project wastewater in the
whole plant;
The imported obligate bacteria for increasing efficiency shall be added in the aerobic aeration tank (waste water in papermaking), so as to increase biological efficiency
and improve the capacity of the aerobic tank.
BI-CHEM® 1005 PP is added in the aerobic section, so as to improve biological
efficiency and effectively improve the pollutant removal efficiency. BI-CHEM®
1005 PP is a synergistic blend consisting of domesticated speciy with specificity,
which is used exclusively for the treatment of the water of productive use in pulp
and paper mill. As the organic load in the treatment system changes, the water
quality usually also responds to the changes. This speciy has the following
characteristics:
It responds to the significant increase of black liquor discharge. The strains contained in it have strong tolerance to a variety of aromatic structure and fatty
acids;
Through the measurement of BOD and COD, it can be seen that this product can
improve the removal efficiency of organic matter, thus the stability can be enhanced;
When the treatment is suffered to the negative effects caused by a variety of organic
load, it can improve the settleability of solids, which can be measured via the
discharged TSS and SVI or the depth of clarifier fluidized bed and other indicators;
It can minimize the impact of the sudden load of toxic substances;
It can speed up the restart after periodical shut-down;
It contains vegetative strain and the strainthat produces spores, thus it can utilize aerobic, facultative and fermentative environmental conditions for its growth and
metabolism;
The germination and growth of strain that produces spores are fast;
The bacteria can grow and reproduce under various environmental conditions and
produce long-term effects.
In May 2011, towards the waste water in the plant, Sichuan Provincial Water
Treatment and Resource Exploitation Engineering Technology Research Center and
Novozymes Biotechnology Co., Ltd. carried out a pilot test by using this bacteria
strain with enhanced biological efficiency, through the actual pilot test, it can be
seen that the COD removal efficiency can remain stable at 80% after the aerobic treatment using of this bacteria strain, the removal efficiency can be greatly
improved compared to the existing bacteria strain found in he plant, and the details
can be seen in Table 13.2.5.
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Table 13.2.5 Pilot Test Study of Removal Efficiency of Enhanced Bacteria
Strainand Common Bacteria Strain
Bucket A Bucket B Remarks
Experimental content Date COD with
imported bacteria COD mg/L
Bacterial activation 2010-10-1 14:30
Aeration starts (COD without imported bacteria is 627)
Aeration starts
Take 300g bacteria strain
and dilute with 600ml sewage from aeration tank and 1700ml purified water, and the mixed contents are
aerated for 24 hours for activation
2010-10-2 14:30 2605 608
2010-10-3 14:30 1316 563
COD removal after 24 hours 1289 45
24h removal rate 49.48% 7.40%
2010-10-4 14:30 905 571
COD removal after 48 hours 411 -8
48h removal rate 31.23% -1.42%
2010-10-5 14:30 769 489
COD removal after 72 hours 136 82
72h removal rate 15.03% 14.36%
Total removal 1836 119
Continuous aeration experiment
Total removal rate in
continuous aeration 70.48% 19.57%
2010-10-5 15:00 1321 824
Pour out each half of supernatant, then add 50%
of effluent from the primary sedimentation tank
2010-10-6 14:00 Stop aeration at 10 am
COD in supernatant 878 551
COD removal 443 273
Removal rate in 20h aeration 33.54% 33.13%
2010-10-7 14:00 Stop aeration at 10 am
COD in supernatant 653 653
COD removal 668 171
Removal rate in 20h aeration 50.57% 20.75% Based on Data V
COD with half effluent from the primary
sedimentation tank 1119 1134
2010-10-8 14:00 Stop aeration at 10 am
COD in supernatant 585 672
COD removal 534 462
Removal rate in 20h aeration 47.72% 40.74%
Simulated aeration tank experiment
Average removal rate 43.94% 31.54%
Take 100g bacteria strain and dilute with 60ml effluent from primary sedimentation tank
+1000 ml deionized water for activation at 15:00 on the 7th, stop the aeration at 12 o'clock on the 8th, Take 550ml supernatant with bacteria strain at 14:30 on the 8th.
Complete simulation
of aeration tank
1500ml conventional activated sludge shall be added in Barrel A, and then the effluent from primary sedimentation tank shall be added to 20L
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1500ml conventional activated sludge shall be added in Barrel B, 550ml mixture with bacteria strain shall be added, and then the effluent
from primary sedimentation tank shall be added to 20L
2010-10-8 14:00
COD in mixture 1177 845
2010-10-9 14:00 Stop aeration at 10 am
COD in supernatant 710 355
COD removal 467 490
Removal rate in 20h aeration 39.68% 57.99%
2010-10-10 14:00 Stop aeration at 10 am
COD in supernatant 98 166
COD removal 612 189
Removal rate in 20h aeration 86.20% 53.24%
Total removal rate in 40h aeration
91.67% 80.36%
Flocculation tank
The existing flocculation tank has a volume of 8500 m3 and a residence time of 4.8h,
the purpose of coagulation and sedimentation can be achieved by adding PAM and
PAC into the flocculation tank, and the COD removal efficiency can reach 10%. In
the completion of the proposed project, firstly the weir tank for the afflux and efflux
in the flocculation sedimentation tank is replaced and repaired, so as to prevent
hydraulic short-circuiting and play an effective role; second, a new filter is added
after the process, so as to effectively remove micro flocs brought out after
coagulation and sedimentation, the specifications of the newly-added filter can be
seen in Table 13.2.6, and COD removal efficiency can reach 15% or more steadily
after the transformation.
Table 13.2.6 Specifications of the newly-added filter
No. Category Specification
1 Quantity 1 set (4 frames)
2 Structure Steel structure
3 Structure size 9×9×4 m
4 Single-frame size 4×4×4 m
5 Matching filter material Combination of hard inorganic filter material
6 Quantity of filter material 160m3
Biological aerated filter
After the completion of the proposed project, a biological aerated filter will be added
in subsequent treatment processes, so as to conduct advanced waste water treatment.
Biological aerated filter can be called BAF for short, BAF is the integration of
lagoon, filter material and the gas and water distributing system, the principle of
BAF technology is to fill the filter with granular biological filter material, thus a biofilm can be formed on the particle surface, the waste water goes through the filter
material layer, and the aeration is generated at the bottom, so as to result in the
degradation of organic matter in wastewater.
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Its feature is the combination of biological oxidation and retention of suspended
solids, so a to save the follow-up secondary sedimentation tank, the volume load of
organic matte is high, the hydraulic load is great, the hydraulic retention time is
short, the land use and the investment in infrastructure are small, the water quality of
the efflux is good, it can not only be used in the treatment of eutrophic water, but
also can be widely used in the tertiary treatment of industrial waste water and domestic sewage, it has the features of low energy consumption and low operating
costs, and according to the pilot test results concerning grey water of one of the pulp
and paper companies in Zhejiang Province, the COD in afflux reduces from 129mg /
L down to 77.7mg / L after BAF treatment, and the removal efficiency can reach
40% or so. The main specifications of the newly-added BAF in the proposed project
are shown in Table 13.2.7.
Table 13.2.7 Main specifications of the newly-added BAF
No. Category Specification
1 Quantity 1set (2 cell)
2 Structure Reinforced concrete structure
3 Structure size 30×50×5.5 m
4 Single-frame size 15×50×5.5 m
5 Matching filter material Hard volcanic rock filter material
6 Quantity of filter material 2000m3
7 Flow fan D100-1.6
8 Microporous aerator D225×4500
Oxidation pond
At present, the project has set up 4 oxidation ponds, and the volume of 4 oxidation
ponds is 1,969,400 m3, 2,043,000 m
3, 116,400 m
3 and 1,841,200m
3 respectively.
After the treatment in the oxidation ponds, the COD removal efficiency can reach about 20%.
Economic analysis of the waste water treatment plan
1. Newly-added electricity consumption
The newly-added electricity consumption of the waste water treatment facilities after
transformation can be seen in Table 13.2.8.
Table 13.2.8 Newly-Added Electricity Consumption of the Waste Water
Treatment Facilities After Transformation No. Equipment Quantity Installed capacity Electricity
consumption
1 Submersible water
impeller 6 sets 4.0Kw 24 Kw
2 Submersible water impeller
4 sets 2.2Kw 8.8Kw
3 Blower 4 sets 160Kw 640Kw
4 Bioactor 3 sets 1.5Kw 4.5Kw
5
If the power charge can be calculated according to 0.45 yuan / kWh, the newly-
added cost per ton of water is 0.136 yuan.
2. Current running costs
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Current running cost is: 1.1 yuan / ton of water, current agent cost is: 0.7 yuan / tons
of water.
у 3.уAgent cost after transformation
On the premise of normal aerobic effect; the normal agent cost for the primary
sedimentation tank and the coagulant sedimentation is: 0.45 yuan / ton of water. The
dosage of high-efficient strain in daily running is: 15Kg, and the daily cost for the
input of high-efficient strain is 0.20 yuan / ton of water.
4. Newly-added cost after transformation
After transformation, the newly-added electricity cost is 0.136 yuan / ton of water,
and the reduction of ordinary agent is 0.25 yuan / ton of water; the daily cost for the
input of high-efficient strain is 0.2 yuan / ton of water, on the premise of meeting the
effluent COD ≤ 90mg / L, the annual operating costs are 847,500 yuan.
5. Feasibility analysis of the attainment of the project’s waste water
After the transformation of each waste water treatment section is completed, the
attainment of the waste water discharged from the whole plant can be seen in Table
13.2.9.
Table 13.2.9 Removal Efficiency of Each Waste Water Treatment Section
Treatment section Relevant indicator COD mg/L BOD5 mg/L SS mg/L
Afflux 1228 478 481
Efflux 860 335 192
Primary sedimentation
tank Removal rate (%) 30 30 60
Afflux 860 335 192
Efflux 731 284 154 Hydrolytic
acidification tank Removal rate (%) 15 15 20
Afflux 731 284 154
Efflux 161 40 123 Aeration tank
Removal rate (%) 78 86 20
Afflux 161 40 123
Efflux 137 34 43
Flocculation sedimentation tank + filter Removal rate (%) 15 15 64
Afflux 137 34 43
Efflux 81 18 25 BAF
Removal rate (%) 40 46 40
Total removal efficiency
Removal rate (%) 93.32 96.18 94.62
Control standards mg/L 90 20 30
From the analysis in the above Table, it can be seen that after the above-mentioned waste water
treatment process, the effluent both inside and outside the plant meets the GB3544-2008
"Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Paper Industry", and then the efflux goes into the
oxidation pond for the Forest Base irrigation. Attainment Analysis of AOX and dioxin
Feasibility analysis of the attainment of AOX at pulp production line outlet
Due to the chlorine bleaching process used in the pulp production line the existing
project, based on actual monitoring results, AOX in the waste water at the outlets of
the supporting four-section bleaching workshop of 2# pulp production line and the
three-section bleaching workshop of 3# pulp production line reaches 72mg / L and
17.7 mg / L respectively, far more than the standard limit of 12 mg / L specified in
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the GB3544-2008 "Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Paper Industry". With the
implementation of the proposed project, 3# pulp production line will be stopped, #
pulp production line will adopt closed screening transformation, and the bleaching
method will also be changed to elemental chlorine-free bleaching with ClO2, thus
the AOX emission in pulping process will be greatly reduced.
Compared with the AOX generated in existing pulp mills of the same type in China, the bleaching process used is different from one another, thus the AOX amount in
waste water different. The bleaching section uses using A/D0-EOP-D1-D2 four-
section ECF bleaching, and the AOX amount is about 0.37kg/ADt.
The proposed project shall adopt the D0-EOP-D1-D2 four- section ECF bleaching
process, compared to the Hainan Jinhai Pulp & Paper Industries Co., Ltd that has the
same bleaching section as the proposed project, the third and final section are used
ClO2 bleaching (D1), and the AOX concentration range in waste water is 10.47 ~
11.67mg / L.陶陶AOX≤12mg/L陶陶Therefore, the project intends to use the D0-EOP-
D1-D2 four- section ECF bleaching in its bleaching section, which can meet the AOX
limit required in the GB3544-2008 "Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp
and Paper Industry" (i.e. AOX ≤ 12mg / L).
陶 Feasibility analysis of the attainment of dioxin at pulp production line outlet
The project intends to use the D0-EOP-D1-D2 four- section ECF bleaching in its
bleaching section, among the chemicals listed in Annex C of the Stockholm
Convention, only polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (PCDF) are regarded as the pollutants generated in the elemental
chlorine bleaching process, and among the 17 kinds of PCDD / PCDF derivatives
generated by the replacement in the 2,3,7,8 position by chlorine, only two derivatives,
namely2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2, 3,7,8-TCDF, are considered to be generated in the use of
chlorine bleach of the chemical pulping processes.
Therefore, the technical approach recommended by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency is: the replacement of chlorine bleach by chlorine dioxide
bleaching, combining with modern pulping technology, including: the oxygen
delignification and the unbleached pulp washing technology.
In 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued the dioxin emission
standard concerning the waste water discharged by the bleaching workshop, which
requires that the 2,3,7,8 - TCDD shall be less than 10 pg / L, and the 2,3,7,8 – TCDF
shall be less than 31.9 pq / L. According to the toxic equivalency factors revised by
the World Health Organization, the limit for dioxin in the waste water discharged by
the bleaching workshop shall be 13.19 pqTEQ / L. This is the most stringent
requirement concerning the dioxin limits in the waste water generated in pulping and
papermaking in the whole world. With the application of ECF bleaching and the
adoption of modern pulp technology, the U.S. pulp industry has fully met the
requirements.
According to the experiences of the U.S. and other foreign companies of the same
type, the dioxin in the waste water of the pulp production line of this project will be
less than or equal to 20 pg TEQ / L, which can meet the dioxin control limit of 30
pqTEQ / L specified in China's GB3544-2008 “Discharge Standard of Water
Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry".
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13.2.1.4Abnormal discharge
The attainment discharge of waste water by the waste water treatment station can be
achieved under normal conditions, while the treatment effect will be a sharp decline
or even collapse under abnormal conditions, thus effective measures should be
taken, so as to avoid or reduce the occurrence of abnormal conditions, and the
concrete analysis is as follows:
The abnormal conditions of waste water treatment station include the following:
1. The biological treatment is adversely affected by harmful substances,
such as: acid, alkali, and reduced oxygen to the biological reaction tank that results
in inhibited microbial growth and leads to a significant decline in the efficiency of biological
treatment;
2. Great changes in waste water quality and quantity will also lead to low-
efficient treatment.
Prevention countermeasures
1. Try to ensure the stability of water quality and quantity in each
workshop;
2. The accident collecting pool should be used to regulate the water quality
and quantity, so as to prevent the impact on the system, and after the normal
conditions can be maintained, this volume should be gradually added into the waste
water treatment system in small amounts;
3. The online pH meter and pH adjustment system should be set up in the
regulating tank, so a to avoid the impact on the aeration tank by acid or alkali;
4. In the design, the accident pool should have a volume large enough;
5. The overflow tank should be set up at each production section, so as to
collect the waste water and the waste liquid generated by various leaking problems,
and the collection should be sent to the same section for recycling, so as to reduce
the treatment load of the waste water treatment station.
13.2.2Waste gas pollutants control measures
The waste gas pollution sources of the proposed project mainly come from the
combustion of black liquor in the alkali recovery boiler and other unorganized gas
emissions.
13.2.2.1Flue gas of the alkali recovery boiler
The existing alkali recovery system is equipped with three alkaline liquor
combustion furnaces, 1# and 2# alkali recovery furnace adopts two-field electrostatic dust removal method, and the 3# alkali recovery furnace adopts the
spraying washing water film dust collecting method, in accordance with the
monitoring report of the environmental protection acceptance after completion, the
dust removal efficiency of 1# alkali recovery system can reach 98.4%, the dust
removal efficiency of 2# alkali recovery system can reach 98.2%, the dust removal
efficiency of 3# alkali recovery system can reach 99%, the smoke and dust and SO2
at the gas outlet can meet the standards of level II required bin the GB9078-1996
"Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Industrial Kiln and Furnace", i.e. the
smoke and dust is 200 mg/Nm3, SO2 is 850 mg/Nm
3. The details can be seen in
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Table 13.2.10.
Table 13.2.10 Pollutant emissions of existing alkali recovery
Smoke and dust SO2 NOx Item
Flue gas volume
(×104Nm3/h) mg/Nm3 Kg/h mg/Nm3 Kg/h mg/Nm3 Kg/h
1# alkali recovery boiler 2.36 160.1 3.8 149.7 3.5 三 三
2# alkali recovery boiler 1.43 176 2.5 138.1 2.0 三 三
3# alkali recovery boiler 1.48 157.1 2.3 139.7 2.1 三 三
Total 5.27 163.6 8.6 143.7 7.6 三 三
Standard value of performance 三 / 200 三 / 850 /三 三 /
The alkali recovery only add evaporation section, the amount of solids generated by
the project is about 300t / d, at the same time, due to the shutdown of 1# and 3#
pulp production lines, the existing amount of black liquor solids will be reduced ,
according to the current treatment efficiency of the alkali recovery boiler, the final
emissions of air pollutants generated by the alkali recovery boiler can be seen in
Table 13.2.11.
Table 13.2.11 Pollutant Emissions Generated by the Alkali Recovery Boiler
after the Completion of the Proposed Project
Sources Flue gas
volume Smoke and dust SO2 NOx
alkali recovery
boiler
Flue gas volume
(×104Nm3/h)
Emissions (kg/h)
Concentration
(mg/Nm3)
Emissions (kg/h)
Concentration
(mg/Nm3)
Emissions
(kg/h)
Concentration
(mg/Nm3)
Normal (new volume)
2.31 3.81 165 3.47 150 4.62 200
Final emissions
4.71 7.77 165 7.07 150 9.42 200
Accident 4.71 77.72 1650 7.07 150 9.42 200
The smoke and dust and SO2 at the gas outlet can meet the standards of level II
required bin the GB9078-1996 "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Industrial
Kiln and Furnace", i.e. the smoke and dust is 200 mg/Nm3, SO2 is 850 mg/Nm
3.
13.2.2.2Boiler flue gas
Currently, there are 4 sets of 75t / h circulating fluidized bed boilers, and the 5#
boiler under construction is also the in a 75t / h circulating fluidized bed boiler. All of the boiler flue gases are emitted from a chimney of 120m × 3.0m, the way of
adding limestone in furnace has been adopted in the flue gas desulfurization, and the
desulfurization efficiency is about 75%, three-field electrostatic devices (4 sets of
ZC5400) are used in all of the dust removals, and the dust removal efficiency is 98%
or more. According to the environmental protection acceptance after completion and
the routine monitoring data, it can be seen that the smoke and dust emission and SO2
emission in the boiler flue gas can meet the third time standards required in the
GB13271-2001 "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants".
The air pollutant emissions of existing boiler can be seen in Table 13.2.12.
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Table 13.2.12 Emissions of Major Air Pollutants Generated by the Existing
Boiler
Smoke and dust SO2 NOx Item
Flue gas volume
(×104Nm3/h) mg/Nm3 Kg/h mg/Nm3 Kg/h mg/Nm3 Kg/h
1# boiler 11.1 44.8 5.0 380.2 42.2 248 27.5
2#boiler 11.7 45.5 5.3 369.5 43.2 212 24.8
3#boiler 11.6 48.2 5.6 374.5 43.4 237 27.5
4#boiler 11.6 46.7 5.4 375.3 43.5 138 16.0
Total 46.0 46.3 21.3 374.8 172.4 208 95.8
Currently, 5# circulating fluidized bed boiler is under construction within the plant,
while the transformation of the wet desulphurization of the boiler is carried out, the
"limestone - gypsum" wet desulphurization shall be adopted finally, and the final
emissions of air pollutants generated by the boiler can be seen in Table 13.2.13.
Table 13.2.13 Emissions of Major Air Pollutants Generated by the Boiler after
the Completion of the Desulphurization Transformation Smoke and dust SO2 NOx
Item Flue gas volume
(×104Nm3/h) mg/Nm3 Kg/h mg/Nm3 Kg/h mg/Nm3 Kg/h
1#boiler 11.1 22.4 2.5 126.7 14.1 248 27.5
2#boiler 11.7 22.8 2.7 123.2 14.4 212 24.8
3#boiler 11.6 24.1 2.8 124.8 14.5 237 27.5
4#boiler 11.6 23.4 2.7 125.1 14.5 138 16.0
陶陶Total 46.0 23.2 10.7 124.9 57.5 208.3 95.8
5#boiler陶Under construction陶 21.8 23.9 5.2 50.9 11.1 250.0 54.5
Total 67.8 23.4 15.9 101.1 68.6 221.7 150.3
Standard value of performance / 50 / 400 / 450 /
Note: After the implementation of wet desulphurization technology, the desulfurization efficiency
shall increase to 95%, and the dust removal efficiency shall be calculated in accordance with 50%.
According to analysis, it can be seen that the emissions of smoke and dust, sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxide generated by the boiler can meet the third time standards
required in the GB13271-2001 "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal
Power Plants".
13.2.2.3Tail gas of the chlorine dioxide workshop
The technological transformation project uses the R8 method in chlorine dioxide
production, the R8 method has features of simple technological process, mature
equipments, easy operation and convenient adjustment, and the emission of tail gas generated by the chlorine dioxide absorber is very little after alkali washing, thus
generally the preparation process does not produce pollutants.
Wheat straw clipping dust
Straw through After the dust removal via railroad duster in wheat straw preparation
workshop, thewheat straw clippings and dust shall be temporarily stored in the dust
collection chamber, and then they shall be sent to the forest base of the MCC Meili
Forestry Development Co., Ltd. Fro comprehensive utilization.
13.2.2.4Waste gases generated by cooking process and other processes
In the cooking process, the pulp may produce a small volume of odor, towards the
generation of such gases, the relevant measures shall be changed, through adding
waste heat recovery devices in the blow tank, the collection of waste wate can go
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directly into the pulp system, and with the fall of temperature, the impact of
blowing odor can be effectively reduced.
13.2.2.5Unorganized dust emissions
In the operating process of the proposed project, the pollution sources of
unorganized dust emissions are odors from the coal yard and the waste water
treatment plant.
The coal yard of the existing project is stacked in the open. The way of spaying water can reduce the dust pollution.
Generally, when the waste water treatment station is running, due to the biochemical
decomposition of organic matter in the waste water, a certain amount of NH3, H2S,
methyl mercaptan and other odors will be generated in the biochemical
decomposition, and the structures result in these substances are aeration tank,
cooling tower, sludge tank, sludge pressure filtration room and so on.
Due to the suspended chain aeration adopted in the waste water treatment station of
the proposed project, the sludge generation is less than that using traditional method
and tends to be aerobic stability, and therefore the activated sludge releases very
little odor, and relatively large volume of odor is generated in the sludge dewatering process. The management of the proposed project will be strengthened and the
disposal of sludge will be conducted in a timely manner, so as to avoid the odors
generated in the anaerobic reaction caused by the long-time stacking of sludge. In
addition, good ventilation shall be maintained in the sludge dewatering room, so as
to avoid anaerobic odor as much as possible. Meanwhile, the space in the plant will
be fully utilized for trees and flowers planting, so as to reduce the impact of odors
on the external environment.
13.2.3Noise pollution prevention and control measures
The major noise devices of the proposed project are the grass cutting machine and
grinder in the preparation workshop, the pulp pump in the cooking workshop, the pressure screening in the closed screening workshop and the pulp pump and water
pump in the bleaching workshop, the main noise devices shall be set up indoors, and
the general structure of the workshop is the brick-and-concrete composite structure,
thus the noise level can be reduced by 15dB. All of the noise devices use damping
bases, and flexible connections shall be adpted as air hose couplings, so as to
mitigate the noise intensity. Therefore, after the proposed project has adopted some
control measures, the noise in the production workshop can be controlled under
80dB (A), which complies with the noise limits required in the "Specifications for
the Design of Noise Control System in Industrial Enterprises" (GBJ87-85).
The measures to control and prevent noises in this project are as follows:
1. Try to use low-noise equipments, completely separate the noise area and
other production areas, and control the noise within a certain range.
2. The duty room to observe the operation of production shall be set up, so
as to prevent the workers from working continuously for 8 hours in high-noise areas.
3. The sound-absorbing material shall be used in the construction (the noise
elimination is up to 8 ~ 15dB).
4. Effective damping measures shall be used on the grinder.
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5. All of the large fans are equipped with high-efficient mufflers (the noise
elimination is up to 10 ~ 30dB).
6. No gear speed reducer is set up on the steam turbine unit, and the choice
of the unit directly connected with the electric generator, so a to reduce noise in
operating, and in order to reduce the noise caused by exhausting vaporous wastes
when starting up the boiler and the steam turbine, exhaust mufflers shall be installed on the vent pipes of the superheater boiler and the steam turbine.
7. Take automatic production, remote operation and other means as much
as possible, so as to reduce the workers’ exposure to noise sources.
8. Take acoustic treatment on the buildings as much as possible. In the
general layout, the reduction of the environmental impact of noise on the office area
and living area shall be considered, and a certain protective distance should be
maintained.
9. The transportation routes and the transportation time should be planned
in a rational manner, so as to avoid residential areas, schools, hospitals and other
noise sensitive points and the residents’ rest time at noon and in the evening.
10. The repair and maintenance of motor vehicles must be strengthened, so
as to maintain good technical performance and prevent and control environmental
noise pollution.
11. If the major noise sensitive points can not avoided, coordination with the
local relevant authorities should be conducted, so as to set up noise-deafening walls
or take other noise control measures in the vicinity of noise sensitive points.
13.2.4Solid waste treatment / disposal measures
The main solid wastes of the proposed project include: wheat straw clippings and
dust in the preparation workshop, pulp residue in the pulping workshop, white mud
in alkali recovery workshop, lime mud and a small amount of green mud, as well as the sludge of the waste water treatment plant and the employees’ domestic refuse.
The generation and treatment of solid wastes in each production workshop of the
proposed project can be seen in Table 13.2.14.
Table 13.2.14 The Generation and Treatment of Solid Wastes in Each
Production Workshop of the Proposed Project
Type Source Amount (t/a) Treatment measures
Emissions Remarks
Wheat straw clippings
Preparation section 9861.6 Compost as
fertilizer 0
Pulp residue Pulp production line 4800
Used in the papermaking
workshop of in the plant
0
White mud Alkali recovery
causticizing section 14899.6
Solid waste yard, planned as a
desulfurization
agent
0 Dry basis
Green mud, lime dust
Alkali recovery causticizing section
680 Landfill Dry basis
Domestic refuse Lives of the workers 200 Transported by environmental
sanitary department
0
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Sludge in waste water treatment plant
Waste water treatment section
39030
Total 69471.2
1 Wheat straw clippings
Wheat straw clippings and dust mainly come from the preparation workshop, and
they are generated in the process of wheat straw preparation. The main contents of
wheat straw clippings are fine wheat fiber, knot, dust and other substances, which
have a calorific value and a good compatibility with the soil. After the proposed
project begins its production, The wheat straw clippings generated in the production
are temporarily stacked in a warehouse and are carried away timely by the farmers
around the plant for composting of fertilizer.
2. Pulp residue
The proposed project shall produce 6600 t of pulp residues, which mainly come
from the pulping workshop. The main contents of pulp residues are fibres, which
shall be sent to the plant’s papermaking workshop for utilization, so as to achieve
resources utilization, and no secondary pollution to the surrounding environment
shall occur.
3. White mud
According to the result analysis of the extraction toxicity test of the white mud, allof
the indicators comply with the "Identification standard for hazardous wastes -
Identification standard for extraction procedure toxicity of solid waste" (GB5085.3-
2007) and the "Identification standard for hazardous wastes ——Identification for carrosirity" (GB5085.1-2007 ), but its pH value is outside the range from 6 to 9, so it
belongs to Class general industrial solid waste. The main contents of white mud
are calcium carbonate, in addition, it also consists of small amounts of the oxides of
magnesium, iron, aluminum. It can be used as boiler desulfurization agent for
utilization.
4. Sludge
The waste water treatment plant produces sludge with an amount of 39030 tons.
Sludge mainly consists of the inorganic sludge from the primary sedimentation tank
and the secondary sedimentation tank, mainly including small fiber materials and
activated sludge and the organisms in biofilm, which have some fertilizer effects.
There is no temporary storage area within the plant site, the sludge generated by the waste water treatment plant shall be transported directly by the removal vehicles
after concentration to the forest base and be used as fertilizer in a comprehensive
manner, thus such a resources utilization will not result in any adverse impact on the
surrounding environment.
5. Green mud and lime dust
Green mud and lime mud mainly come from the causticizing section in the alkali
recovery workshop, after the evaporation, concentration and combustion of black
liquor in pulping, its molten material can be dissolved in water and from green liquid,
and the sediments in green liquid is regarded as green mud, which has a general
concentration of 25.0%. It mainly consists of calcium oxide, organic matter, a small
amount of alkali, etc. (the chemical composition of green mud is shown in Table
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13.2.15); the lime dust generated by the continuous lime slaker consists of gravel,
part-burned calcium carbonate and other debris.
Table 13.2.15 Main Contents In Green Mud
Water LOSS SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Sum
43.05 40.84 2.71 0.88 0.61 45.04 1.67 91.75
Green mud and lime dust are the primary wastes generated by the alkali recovery
workshop. The main contents of green mud and lime dust are calcium carbonate and
calcium silicate, and a certain amount of organic matter and alkaline substances, and
its pH value is in the range between 10.97-11.90. Therefore, the green mud and
white mud residues belong to the Class general industrial waste specified in the
"Standard for pollution on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid
wastes" (GB18599-2001), so it does not belong to hazardous solid waste, and at
present, the is no channel for the comprehensive utilization of them, and they are stored in the Mopanshan yard, which is 12km north of the Zhenluo Town.
6. Overview of landfill
In 2004, because the white mud comprehensive utilization project failed to be
implemented as schedule, the enterprise built a white mud yard and landfill with a
handling capacity of 40,000 tons in the Mopanshan, which was 12km north of the
Zhenluo Town, Zhongwei City and 20km away from the plant site, and this project
covered an area of about 3km2.
According to its environmental protection acceptance after completion, the project’s
seepage control measures meet the requirements specified in the "Standard for
pollution on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes" (GB18599-2001), and all of the white mud generated by the existing project is
transported to the landfill for disposal.
13.3 Compliance with the pollution prevention measures in the “Guidance to
Environment, Health and Safety in Paper Industry”
In the implementation process of this project, a series of pollution prevention measures have been adopted, and compared to the pollution prevention measures
mentioned in the “Guidance to Environment, Health and Safety in Paper Industry”,
the compliance can be seen in Table 13.3.1.
Table 13.3.1 Compliance of the Pollution Control Measures of the Proposed
Project with the “Guidance to Environment, Health and Safety in Paper
Industry”
No. “Guidance to Environment, Health
and Safety in Paper Industry”
Prevention and control measures
of this project
Oxygen delignification before
bleaching
Oxygen delignification is added
before the bleaching workshop
Effective pulp washing before
bleaching (sulfate and sulfite pulp
mills)
Adopt closed washing and screening
process
1.1. Waste water management
Replace ECF with ECF or TCF
bleaching
ECF bleaching is achieved through
the transformation, the potential
impact of AOX and dioxin can be
greatly reduced
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Reduce the use of elemental chlorine
by reducing the multiple use of
chlorine or increasing alternative of
chlorine dioxide for molecular
chlorine
Achieve the replacement of chlorine
dioxide by chlorine through the
transformation
Minimize the dioxin dioxins and
dibenzofurans into the bleaching
process by using no-precursor
additives and thorough washing and
other measures
Use closed filtering to minimize
the dioxin dioxins and dibenzofurans
into the bleaching process
Use the material contaminated by
polychlorinated phenols in pulping
The aforementioned materials are not
used
Collection and recycling of the
spilled cooking liquid
In production process, take measures
to minimize the leaking phenomenon
in the cooking process, develop
emergency plans for the possible
cooking waste liquid accident, so as
to minimize the harm
Extraction and reuse of
condensate in digester evaporation,
so as to reduce the smell of total
reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds
(sulfate and sulfite pulp mills)
Production process, using waste heat
recovery technology Blow to
minimize the exhaust emissions
Chemical recycling in sulfate and
sulfite pulp mills
Use alkali recovery process for
chemical recycling
Recycle and utilize the white water,
recycle fiber with disc filter, drum
filter or micro-flotation device, to
minimize the number of afflux points
of fresh water into white water
system
Recycle and utilize all the white
water in papermaking workshop,
minimize the use of fresh water
1.2. Waste water treatment
Preliminary mechanical treatment:
usually use mechanical treatment
tanks or sedimentation pond to
remove suspended solids in
wastewater. Sometimes chemical
flocculation is used as a mean to
remove suspended solids; secondary
treatment: pulp and paper mills with
relatively high organic matter
emissions usually use biological
waste water treatment technology to
remove most of the resin acids and
chlorinated organics and other toxic
compounds. Specific applications
include a variety of different types
and configurations of biological
treatment technologies. The most
commonly used systems include
activated sludge treatment method;
oxidation pond treatment method;
various types of biological filtration
methods that are usually associated
with other methods; anaerobic
treatment method in preprocessing
phase prior to use of anaerobic
biological treatment; Comprehensive
After transformation, the proposed
project’s waste water shall go into the
waste water treatment plant for
treatment, using the primary
sedimentation tank + hydrolytic
acidification + regulating tank +
selecting aeration tank + secondary
sedimentation tank + coagulation
sedimentation + filter + the final
efflux from the BAF tank, and then
the efflux goes into the oxidation
pond for the Forest Base irrigation.
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utilization of different methods in the
case of the need of efficient
treatment. In addition, sometimes
extended aeration time is needed for
the oxidation of toxic compounds
such as resin and fatty acids, so as to
reduce the generation of biological
sludge, and help to ensure a high-
level treatment;
Anaerobic biological treatment
method is suitable for handling some
low-toxic substances emissions with
high biochemical oxygen demand /
chemical oxygen demand, such as the
condensate in sulfite pulping and the
emissions in mechanical pulping and
recycling of paper, then the
remaining purified condensate shall
be used, so as to reduce total water
consumption and waste water
discharge
Towards all of the odor, dirt brown
pulp, part of the washing brown pulp,
unbleached pulp and condensate from
the outlets of each section in the
black liquor treatment process within
bleached and unbleached sulfate pulp
mills shall be collected and burned,
so as to realize the complete
oxidation of total reduced sulfur
Due to the smaller total pulp
production, waste heat recovery
device is used in the pulp cooking
and blowing section, so as to
minimize the emissions of TRS gases
In sensitive situations (such as near
residential areas), backup
incineration device should be
considered, with a specified
alternative incineration point for the
treatment of low-concentrations total
reduced sulfur. Recovery boiler is the
preferred point of incineration
Because of their lower pulp yield,
TRS recovery combustion measure
has not be taken currently
2. Waste gas management
When the odor from waste water
treatment plant causes problems,
oxygen activated sludge should be
considered in the capturing, and then
the waste gas can be emitted after
incineration
Due to the adoption of alkali
recovery, the content of organic
matter in waste water treatment
section is significantly lower, for
major source sites that produce odor,
such as sludge dewatering workshop,
the wastes shall be clean up at the
same day, so as to minimize the
impact of odors
Waste gas control measures for alkali
recovery boiler
Prior to incineration in the recovery
boiler, use a evaporator with dry
solids higher than 75% (sulfate pulp
mills) to concentrate black liquor and
reduce emissions of sulfur
Through the evaporation section of
alkali recovery boiler, the
concentration of black liquor is
effectively improved and the
emissions of sulfur dioxide is reduced
Control combustion parameters of
recovery boiler, including the furnace
temperature, gas supply, injection
rate and boiler load of black liquid
(sulfate pulp mills), so as to reduce
By controlling the combustion
parameters of recovery boiler, based
on the past results of routine
monitoring, the relevant dust and SO2
emission indicators of recovery
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sulfur emissions; boilers can meet the Level II
standards in the B9078-1996
"Emission standard of air pollutants
for industrial kiln and furnace"
Improve sludge dewatering rate, and
promote the burning of sludge
(usually in the auxiliary boilers with
the use of auxiliary fuel)
Through dewatering, sludge shall be
sent to forest base as fertilizer
Lime sludge (sulfate pulp mills) is
usually recovered by the plant’s
recovery system, but the excess can
be used to improve acidic soil and
also for self-buried
After completion of the
proposed project, white mud will be
used as wet desulfurizer in the plant
After dehydration, green liquor
sludge (sulfate pulp mills) can be
used as the cover on solid waste
landfill, and in some cases, it can be
used as fertilizer (based on the
analysis of nutrients and the potential
impact of land use), it also can be
used as composite material in acidic
waste water
A small amount of green mud and
lime dust shall be sent to landfill for
safe disposal
3. Solid waste
Biological sludge can be incinerated
together with fiber sludge, or be
dewatered or incinerated in sulfate
pulp mills, it can also be mixed with
other organic materials for soil
improvement
Through dewatering, sludge can be
transported to forest base and used as
fertilizer
13.3 Environmental Protection Investment
The emission reduction effect of the proposed project is significant, all the existing
environmental protection facilities can be used, the construction institution shall
strengthen environmental management on the basis of normal and stable operation
of existing environmental protection facilities, actively carry out energy
conservation and emission reduction, as well as cleaner production, so as to achieve
further energy-saving and emission reduction effects.
The environmental protection investment of the proposed project in construction
period and operation period can be seen in Table 13.4.1 and Table 13.4.2.
Table 13.4.1 Estimate Sheet Of Investment In Environmental Protection During
Construction Period
No. Item Amount (10 thousand
yuan)
1 Air-borne dust control facilities 10
2 Waste water treatment system 20
3 Noise reduction facilities 10
4 Underground gutter facilities 10
5 Risk prevention facilities in the removal process of waste and old
equipments and facilities, 20
6 solid waste collecting and transferring facilities 20
7 Greening on construction site 10
Total 100
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Table 14.4.2 Estimate Sheet of Investment in Environmental Protection during
Operation Period
No. Item Amount (10 thousand
yuan)
Roller-type dust collector, hydraulic grass chopper 50
Shower waste gas recovery device 100
Flue gas treatment of alkali recovery boiler 150 1 Waste gas treatment
Tail gas scrubber system in chemical preparation workshop
and risk prevention facilities
30
Grass-wash water processing facility 200
Straw washing water treatment facilities 200
Black liquor accident pool 10 2 Waste water treatment
Transformation of waste water treatment system 1800
3 Solid treatment Closed temporary disposal site for green mud, etc. 10
4 Noise treatment Vibration reduction, sound insulation 20
5 Greening on plant site 20
6 Environmental protection laboratory and environmental monitoring
instruments and equipments 100
陶陶Total 2490
14 Analysis of Total Pollutant Control
14.1 Principles of total pollutant control
1. In accordance with the principle of "energy conservation and clean
production", on the premise of practical pollution control measures, the project shall
achieve the attainment discharge under normal operating conditions, and the total
pollutant shall be calculated according to production facilities.
2. Integrated with the local environmental functions of the construction
project, the five-year total pollution reduction plan and the requirements of
allowable total emission limit, the proposed pollutant emission control indicators
shall be recommended.
3. Sulfur dioxide, COD and other total emission control factor shall be
selected, so as to calculate the value of controlled total emission and get approval
from the competent department of environmental protection.
4. Combined with the local total emission reduction plan, the rationality of
the source of total emission indicators shall be pointed out.
14.2 Total Emission Control Factor
According to the “Guide to Programming Total Emission Control of Major
Pollutants Planning in the ’Twelfth Five-Year Plan’ Period”, based on two major
pollutants, namely chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), in the
Eleventh Five-year Plan, China has incorporated the ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen
oxides (NOx) into the total control indicator system during the Twelfth Five-Year
Plan period, so a to carry out national control on the above-mentioned four major
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pollutants in accordance with common requirements and common assessment
contents.
The total emission control factors of this technological transformation project in
2011are: SO2, NO2, COD and NH3-N.
14.3 Total Emission Control Indicators and their Sources
According to the calculations in the engineering part, after the completion of the
proposed project, the emissions of major pollutants are shown in Table 14.3.1~
Table 14.3.2:
Table 14.3.1 Summary of Pollutants in Waste Water after the Completion Of Proposed
Project in the Whole Plant
Water
displacement CODcr BOD5 SS
Ammonia
nitrogen
Emission
source
×104m
3/a mg/L t/a mg/L t/a mg/L t/a mg/L t/a
Existing
and
construction
in progress
1244.71 / 3954.69 / 1151.16 / 762.98 44.93
Proposed
project 302.23 / 244.80 / 54.40 / 75.56 10.91
Reduction
caused by
old
facilities
with new
facilities
451.45 / 3312.09 / 1008.36 / 563.14 15.04
After the
completion
of proposed
project
1095.48 / 887.40 / 197.20 / 275.40 40.80
Table 14.3.2 Summary of Pollutants in Waste Gases after the Completion Of Proposed
Project in the Whole Plant
Emission
source
Flue gas
volume SO2
Smoke and
dust NOx
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陶×104Nm3/
a陶
mg/N
m3
t/a mg/N
m3
t/a mg/N
m3
t/a
Existing and
construction in
progress
596251.20 / 199.6
9 /
621.3
6 /
1312.7
2
Proposed
project 18849.60 / 31.09 / 28.32 / 37.70
Reduction
caused by
existing project
with new
facilities
23419.20 / 38.03 / 32.44 / 46.84
After the
completion of
proposed project
591681.60 / 192.7
5 /
617.2
3 /
1303.5
8
Analysis showed that after the completion of proposed project, all the pollutant
emissions in the whole plant are less than the emissions of existing project, and the
emission reduction of major pollutants can be achieved through the implementation
of the project.
15 Analysis of Conformity to Relevant Policies and
Plans
15.1 Analysis of Conformity to Relevant Policies
15.1.1"Guiding Catalogue of Industrial Structure Adjustment" (2011 version)
“The development and application of elemental chlorine free (ECF) and totally
chlorine free (TCF) chemical pulp bleaching processes” have been mentioned as
encouraged projects in the "Guiding Catalogue of Industrial Structure Adjustment"
(2011 version).
The proposed project with an annual output of 68,000 tons straw pulp has adopted
the elemental chlorine free (ECF) chemical pulp bleaching process, which is
mentioned as an encouraged project in the "Guiding Catalogue of Industrial
Structure Adjustment" (2011 version).
15.1.2 “Provisions Concerning the Development of Heat-power Cogeneration”
The “Provisions Concerning the Development of Heat-power Cogeneration” (the
State Development Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade
Commission, the Ministry of Construction, the State Environmental Protection
Administration, accrual basis [2000] No. 1268) has pointed out that: "The average
total thermal efficiency is greater than 45%, the single-unit capacity of thermal
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power unit is less than 50MW and the average annual heat-to-electric ratio should be
greater than 100%.”
The proposed project is supported by the existing engineering thermal power plant
with a heat-to-electric ratio of 546.7%, an average annual total thermal efficiency of
65.84% and a single-unit capacity of 12MW, and all the conditions comply with the
relevant requirements set out by the regulations.
15.1.3 Policy on Technologies for Prevention and Control of SO2 Emissions from
Coal-Burning”
The “Policy on Technologies for Prevention and Control of SO2 Emissions from
Coal-Burning” (the State Environmental Protection Administration, the State
Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology
(January 30, 2002) Environment Issue [2002] No. 26) has pointed out that: "5.2.2
Large and medium-sized coal-fired industrial boilers (heat production ≥ 14MW) can
adopt the replacement of low sulfur content coal, the Circulating Fluidized-Bed
Combustion( CFBC) boilers (with sulfur-capturing agent) or flue gas desulfurization
technology according to the specific conditions".
The flue gas generated by the boilers of this project has been treated via three-field
electrostatic precipitator, and the dust removal efficiency is greater than 98%; it is
proposed to carry out wet desulphurization transformation to the existing method of
desulphurization that adds limestone into the engineering boilers, and the
desulfurization efficiency shall be more than 96% after the transformation. And this
condition will comply with the relevant requirements of the policy.
15.2 Analysis of Conformity to Relevant Plans
15.2.1"‘Eleventh Five-Year’ Plan for the Development of the Industry in Ningxia"
The "‘Eleventh Five-Year’ Plan for the Development of the Industry in Ningxia" has
pointed out that: "Meili Paper Industry Group should be regarded as the backbone,
so as to fully support the forestry-paper integration project of Meili Paper Industry
and promote the concentration of paper industry in two paper industry function
areas, namely Zhongwei Meili and Wuzhong Niushoushan".
The Plan also points out that: "the straw pulp production facilities with a production
capacity lower than 34,000 tons and the chemical pulp production lines with a
production capacity lower than 17,000 tons should be eliminated by the end of
2007."
The proposed project is bleached wheat straw pulp project of the MCC Meili Paper
Industry Co. Ltd., which has an annual output of 68,000 tons and complies with the
relevant requirements of the Plan.
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15.2.2"Planning for Strategic Development of Paper Industry in Ningxia"
The "Planning for Strategic Development of Paper Industry in Ningxia" has pointed
out that: "Ningxia is located in the areas irrigated by the Yellow River, thus the
irrigated agriculture is developed, the region's annual output of wheat straw is about
800,000 tons, and in accordance with the calculation at an utilization rate of 50%,
the quantity of wheat straws that can be used for papermaking is about 400,000 tons,
which provides the paper industry with a wealth of grass fiber materials."
The Plan has also pointed out that: "The wheat straw resource should be further
made good use of, the fast-growing forests and desert shrubs should be developed
and expanded as raw material bases for papermaking, the waste paper recycling
shall be expanded in a modest manner, and new plant materials for papermaking
should be developed and cultivated."
The proposed project adopts wheat straws as raw materials, and the annual
production capacity is 68,000 tons of bleached wheat straw pulp, thus this project
complies with the relevant requirements of the Plan.
15.2.3 "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of
Zhongwei City"
The "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of
Zhongwei City" has pointed out that: “The opportunity of the gradual westward drift
of the labor-intensive industries along the eastern coast region shall be firmly seized,
the pace of attracting merchants and luring investments should be accelerated, and
the construction of northern part and southern part of the Meili Industrial Park, the
Shaking Industrial Park and the Kingpin Industrial Park should be accelerated."
The Plan has also pointed out that: "The concentration of the paper industry and the
paper product processing industry is mainly supported by the Meili Paper Industry
Group, priority will be given to the development of newsprint paper and decoration
paper, such as coated card board and copper plate paper, foreign investments should
be actively attracted to develop the deep processing project of paper products and
the high-end printing paper and packaging paper project, the construction of fast-
growing forest base and the recycling and comprehensive treatment of the waste
water and waste residue generated in papermaking should be emphasized."
The construction institution of the proposed project is the MCC Meili Paper Industry
Co., Ltd., the project has an annual output of 68,000 tons of bleached wheat straw
pulp, which provide raw materials for papermaking and complies with the relevant
requirements of the Plan.
15.2.4 "Overall City Plan of Zhongwei City (2009-2025)"
The "Overall City Plan of Zhongwei City (2009-2025)" has pointed out that:
"Priority will be given to the development of fine chemicals and new materials,
agricultural and sideline product processing, paper industry and other industrial
clusters with local advantages."
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The proposed project has an annual output of 68,000 tons of bleached wheat straw
pulp, which provide raw materials for papermaking and complies with the relevant
requirements of the Plan.
15.2.5 "‘Eleventh Five-Year’ Plan for Environmental Protection in Zhongwei City"
The” ‘Eleventh Five-Year’ Plan for Environmental Protection in Zhongwei City"
has pointed out that the environmental protection goals in Zhongwei City are: "Our
city is a newly built city, the industrial structure mainly includes building materials,
paper, chemical, metallurgical industry and coal, which have high energy
consumption, heavy pollution and large amount of pollutant emissions, and in the
preliminary stage of the construction of these enterprises, there was no strict
enforcement of environmental protection policy, the supporting pollution prevention
facilities took a small proportion, the treatment of old pollution sources is very
difficult to succeed, and in order to build our city into medium garden city and a
tourist city, the treatment of pollution and the improvement of environment shall
take precedence of other issues. Therefore, in the next decade, the treatment of the
old pollution sources, the prevention of the generation of new pollution sources and
the strengthening of ecological construction shall be the central part of
environmental protection works in our city, we must seize the favorable
opportunities of the large-scale development of China's western region and the
replacement of Zhongwei County by Zhongwei City, correctly handle the
relationship between development and environmental protection, take the path of
recycling economy, create a harmonious society, and achieve environmental
protection goals in the development."
After the operation of the proposed project, via control measures, the waste water
discharge, waste gas emissions and noise of the proposed project has little effect on
the environmental quality of the surrounding area, the requirements on
environmental quality for corresponding function areas can be attained, and the
environmental protection objectives of the Plan can be achieved.
15.2.6 "2011-2015 Development Plan of MCC Meili Paper Industry Group, ("Twelfth
Five-Year" Plan)"
According to the "2011-2015 Development Plan of MCC Meili Paper Industry
Group, ("Twelfth Five-Year" Plan)", the approved projects of the construction
institution of this project, namely the MCC Meili Paper Industry Group, during the
"Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period include the forest base construction with an area
of 50 mu, the poplar chemical mechanical pulp project with an annual output of
300,000 tons, the expansion of coated card board project with an annual production
capacity of 260,000 tons, the coated printing paper project with an annual output of
150,000 tons, and the supporting thermal power plant project with a capacity of 2 ×
50MW. According to the company's actual situation, the construction of this project
has been divided into two phases, including: the Phase 1 project includes the forest
base construction with an area of 50 mu, the poplar chemical mechanical pulp
project with an annual output of 100,000 tons, the coated card board project with an
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annual production capacity of 100,000 tons, the supporting cogeneration project
with a capacity of 2 × 50MW in the thermal power plant, the waste water treatment
project with a daily capacity of 120,000 tons, as well as the supporting water supply
project; the Phase 2 project includes the poplar chemical mechanical pulp project
with an annual output of 200,000 tons and the coated card board project with an
annual production capacity of 150,000 tons.
In the "2011-2015 Development Plan of MCC Meili Paper Industry Group,
("Twelfth Five-Year" Plan)", it has been pointed out that the corporate objectives in
development plan during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period are: Taking the
development of pulping and papermaking as the dominant industries, based on the
development and construction of raw material resources as the basis, regarding
reform and innovation as the driving force, play the overall advantages of MCC
Meili Paper Industry in a centralized manner, and realizing rapid expansion and
steady growth on the basis of the existing scale through new construction,
technological transformation, expansion, capital restructuring and operation, etc., so
as to leap to the "top ten" in China's paper industry.
In addition, in the major measures to achieve the corporate objectives in the Twelfth
Five-Year Plan, the Plan has also pointed out that greater efforts should be put on
the project construction, and in the main business of wood pulp paper project, the
expansion project with a capacity of 68,000 tons of wheat straw pulp through
technological transformation has been pointed, i.e.: Utilize the strong national
support to the key industrial planning and the technological transformation policy,
apply the extended delignification and elemental chlorine free (ECF) technology
planning, phase out the old straw pulp production system with spherical digester,
transform and build a bleached wheat straw pulp production line with an annual
output of 68,000 tons, construct a supporting set of 260T / D alkali recovery project
with features of environmental protection and energy conservation and an annual
recovery of 20,000 tons of alkali, and realize the balance between the pulp and paper
production capacity and the pollution treatment load. It not only complies with the
elimination of backward technologies and processes and the policies for promoting
energy conservation and environmental protection, but also helps to rationalize the
adjustment of the structure of corporate raw materials and promote the improvement
of product quality. The production methods of this project mainly include the dry
and wet preparation, the continuous cooking, the counter-current washing, the
closed screening, the oxygen delignification, the ECF chlorine dioxide bleaching,
the alkali recovery and other processes, which greatly improve the quality of wheat
straw pulp and reduce the contents of BOD, COD, AOX in the waste water in
pulping and the emission of toxic substances, such as dioxins.
Therefore, the construction of proposed the project complies with the relevant
requirements set out in the "2011-2015 Development Plan of MCC Meili Paper
Industry Group, ("Twelfth Five-Year" Plan)".
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15.3 Analysis of conformity to land use plan
This project intends to use the existing engineering site in the construction of
reconstructed and extension project, its land use certificates (Wei Rou Goo Yong
(2001) No. 06112-02 and Wei Goo Yong (2001) No. 06112-09) have been issued by
the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China in 2001, and
the planned purposes of land use is industrial land.
15.4 Summary
The construction of the proposed project complies with the requirements set out in
the relevant policies, plans and outlines.
16 Environmental Impact and Economic Cost-Benefit
Analysis
16.1 Economic Benefit Analysis
The investment in the construction of the project totals 185.2 million yuan, of which
149.88 yuan (80.93% of the total investment) is for the construction itself, 19.32
million yuan (10.43% of the total) is the interest incurred during the construction
period, and 16 million yuan (8.64% of the total) is circulating fund.
When finished and put into operation, the project is expected to produce at an annual
cost of 242.86 million yuan, realizing an annual sales revenue of 275.4157 million
yuan, an annual sales tax of 15.6142 million yuan and an annual total profit of
24.1771 million yuan. The pre-tax FIRR of the project investment is 19%, showing
significant profitability. The repayment analysis indexes indicate a strong debt paying
ability, facilitating the access to loans from lending institutions. The breakeven point
is as low as 70%, indicating a high capacity to resist risks. And the cash inflow in
each year of the calculation period surpasses the cash drain, suggesting a strong
financial viability. In conclusion, the analysis above shows that this project is of
remarkable economic benefit and high risk resisting capacity.
For detailed economic indexes, see form 16.1.1.
Form16.1.1 Major Technological and Economic Indexes
No. Index Name Unit Index
1.1 Bleached Straw Pulp ton/year 68000
1.2 Recovered Alkali ton/year 19720
2 Total Investment 10 thousand yuan 18520
2.1 Construction Investment 10 thousand yuan 14988
2.2 Interest Incurred during Construction 10 thousand yuan 1932
2.3 Circulating Fund 10 thousand yuan 1600
3 Total Cost of Products 10 thousand yuan/year 24286
3.1 Cost per Unit of Straw Pulp Production yuan/ton 3228.80
3.2 Cost per Unit of Recovered Alkali yuan/ton 1181.88
4 Operation Revenue 10 thousand yuan/year 27541.57
5 Operation Taxes 10 thousand yuan/year 1561.42
6 Profit 10 thousand yuan/year 2417.71
6.1 ROI % 13.05
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6.2 Profit and Tax Investment Ratio % 20
7.1 FIRR (Post Income Tax) % 15.20
7.2 FIRR (Pre Income Tax) % 19
8 Breakeven Point % 70
9 Fixed Employees of the Project person 210
10 Overall Labor Productivity 10 thousand yuan/person.year 40
16.2 Social Benefit Analysis
The project to be constructed would bring about the following social benefits:
1. When finished and put into operation, the project would have promoting
effect over the development of the pulping and paper-making industries in the
northwest region.
2. This technical modification project would, when put into operation, play
a positive demonstrating role for the paper making industries in Ningxia in terms of
industrial upgrading, training of skilled workers, updating and upgrading of
homemade equipments, raising the automation level, promoting the scale and
specialization and optimizing the of the management of the enterprises.
3. The taxes paid by the project would contribute to the financial revenue of
central and local government, which would be used to improve the local economic
environment and infrastructure, strengthen the economic power of the Zhongwei
city, and effectively promote the development of local public welfare programs.
4. The project, when put into operation, would also bring about positive
social benefit in that it would directly create jobs for millions of people, not only
decreasing social burden and employment pressure, but also improving people’s
living standard.
5. The construction of the project would spur the development of other
relevant industries in the local area, such as forest industry, transportation, energy,
machine processing & maintenance, catering industry, etc., and by doing this
indirectly increase the number of employed staff and contribute to the development
of local economy.
16.3 Environmental Benefit Analysis
The project mainly relies on the production equipments and facilities of other existing
projects, which are adequate to meet the requirement of the production process of the
planned project. The operation of the environmental protection facilities of the project
can reduce the discharge amount of air and water pollutants. The difference between
the pollutant discharge fees for the reduced amount of air and water pollutants
discharged by the existing projects and the amount of newly produced air and water
pollutants by the planned project can be used to calculate the environmental benefit of
the reconstruction and expansion program of the project.
1. Waste water
The waste water produced by this project totals 7.1023 millon m3/a, and the discharge
amounts of COD, BOD5, SS and ammonia nitrogen are respectively 488.99 t/a,
108.66 t/a, 142.05 t/a and 11.86 t/a.
Meanwhile, the project reduces the discharge amount of waste water by 10,7250
million m3/a, and the reduced amounts of discharged COD, BOD5, SS and ammonia
nitrogen are respectively 4236.79t/a, 1207.72t/a, 663.22t/a and 17.91t/a.
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The difference between the amounts of the waste water reduced and newly produced
by the project is 3.6227 million m3/a, and those of COD, BOD5, SS and ammonia
nitrogen are respectively 3747.8t/a, 1099.06t/a, 521.17t/a and 6.05t/a.
According to the Measures for the Administration of the Charging Rates for Pollutant
Discharge Fees issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration on
February 28th
, 2003, for each pollutant discharge outlet, the kinds of pollutants that
are to be charged, in descending sequence of their pollution equivalents, are limited to no more than 3; and for the COD and BOD5 discharged from the same outlet, only the
one with higher pollution equivalent is to be charged.
The equivalent of the difference between the amounts of the reduced and newly
produced COD is higher than that of BOD5, so the relevant pollutant discharge fees
should be calculated according to the equivalents of COD, SS and ammonia nitrogen.
The charging rate is 0.70 yuan per unit of pollution equivalent. The water pollutants
both reduced and newly produced by the project taken into consideration, the annual
pollutant discharge fees for COD, SS and ammonia nitrogen will be respectively
reduced by 2.623 million yuan, 91.0 thousand yuan and 5.0 thousand yuan, 2.719
million yuan in total.
2. Waste gas
The waste gas emitted by the project totals 188.496 million Nm3/a, the discharge
amount of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide respectively being 28.32t/a,
31.09t/a and 37.70t/a.
The waste gas reduced by the project totals 234.192 million Nm3/a, the discharge
amount of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide respectively reduced by 32.44t/a,
38.03t/a and 46.84t/a.
The difference between the amounts of the waste gas reduced and produced by the
project is 4.5695 million Nm3/a, that of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide being
respectively 4.12t/a, 6.94t/a and 9.14t/a.
According to the Measures for the Administration of the Charging Rates for Pollutant
Discharge Fees issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration on
February 28th
, 2003, and with the gas pollutants both reduced and newly produced by
the project taken into consideration, the annual discharge fees for soot, SO2 and
nitrogen oxide will be reduced respectively by 1130 yuan, 4380 yuan and 5770 yuan,
11 thousand yuan in total.
According to the above calculations, the environmental benefit of this project is at
least 2.73 million yuan per year.
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17 Public Participation
17.1 Purpose and Role of Public Participation
17.1.1 Purpose of Public Participation
Public participation is an important work of environmental impact assessment (EIA)
of proposed programme during project approval stage or preliminary preparation
stage. Public participation is an important measure to advance mutual
communication and exchange between project construction unit, and environmental
impact assessment unit and the public. It shows the respect of EIA work and related
departments to the interests and right (such as right to live) of the public. Public
participation is also am importance part of EIA. Opinions, suggestions and
requirements of the public shall be carried out in the whole EIA to make EIA more
democratic and more public. Public participation can enable the public to better
understand the constructed project which is closely related to them, and enable EIA
unit to assess the potential environmental pollution, economic benefit and social
benefit more comprehensively.
During the survey of public participation in EIA of proposed project, it shall enable
the public to understand the nature of the project, its potential impact on
environmental quality, put forward reasonable suggestions to provide basis for the
preliminary design of the project and implementation of environmental protection
measures, enable the public and social group to participate in EIA and present their
opinions and ideas on the project from their own interests, especially public opinion
on environmental pollution, thus to improve the effectiveness of EIA.
17.1.2 Role of Public Participation
Public opinions shall be analyzed comprehensively, implemented in environmental
protection and supervision measures and taken as behavior guideline in future
project construction. Public participation shall play the role of communicating ideas
of the public and construction unit, introducing project information, pollution
situation, treatment measures, estimated conclusion of EIA to the public in details
and feedback the public opinions, suggestion and requirement to construction unit
for construction unit to modify construction plan.
17.2 Approach and Content of Public Participation Survey
17.2.1 Survey Approach
According to “Temporary Measures of the Public Participation in Environmental
Impact Assessment” issued by SEPA (Huan Fa [2006] No. 28), the project was
released twice.
This information was released for the first time on the website of Zhongwei
Municipal Government (http://www.nxzw.gov.cn/), offering the following
information to the public.
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1. Name and general information of proposed project
2. Name and contact information of construction unit of proposed project
3. Name and contact information of unit undertaking EIA
4. Working procedures and main contents of EIA
5. Matters inviting public opinions
6. Major approaches for the public to put forward opinions
This information was released for the first time on the website of Zhongwei
Municipal Government (http://www.nxzw.gov.cn/), from August 1st to 12
th 2011.
Refer to table 17.2.1 for list of published information and to figure 17.2.1 for the
release photos.
After the basic completion of EIA report and before it was sent to Ministry of
Environmental Protection for approval, the information was released for the first
time on the website of Zhongwei Municipal Government
(http://www.nxzw.gov.cn/), from October 17th
to 28th
2011. And the initial draft of
this EIA report of this project was placed in specified place for public from the
influenced region to check. Meanwhile, the information is released to the citizens in
the influenced region through local public media.
The release of this time offered the following information to the public:
1. Summary of the proposed project
2. Summary of the potential impact of proposed project on environment
3. Key points of countermeasures and measures to prevent or mitigate
adverse environmental impact
4. Key points of EIA conclusion in EIA report
5. Approach and time for the public to check simple version of EIA report
and require supplementary information from construction unit or EIA agency
entrusted by construction unit if necessary
6. Scope and matter inviting public opinions
7. Specific mode of inviting public opinions
8. The time for the public to put forward opinions
Refer to table 17.2.2 for list of information offered by the second release and to
figure 17.2.2 for the release photos.
During the process of EIA, EIA unit applied the method of issuing survey forms by
random visiting to enterprises and residents near the programme. Relevant personnel
introduced the environmental, social and economic benefit of the programme;
potential adverse impact of air, water body, noise and SW in the assessment region,
proposed measure to eliminate and mitigate adverse impact to respondents. And the
attitude, requirements, opinions and suggestion of the respondents were invited. The
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filling method were explained. Respondents were free to fill and return the survey
form.
Table 17.2.1 List of information offered by the first release
This first release of EIA on Technical Renovation Programme on 68 Thousand
Tons Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp Extended Delignification Cooking and Clean
Bleaching of MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
According to the provisions on “Environmental Protection Law of the People's
Republic of China” and “Temporary Measures of the Public Participation in
Environmental Impact Assessment” issued by SEPA (Huan Fa [2006] No. 28), the
relevant information on “Technical Renovation Programme on 68 Thousand Tons
Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp Extended Delignification Cooking and Clean Bleaching
of MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd” is released as following:
I. General information of the programme
1. name of programme:
Technical Renovation Programme on 68 Thousand Tons Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp
Extended Delignification Cooking and Clean Bleaching of MCC Meili Paper Industry
Co., Ltd
2. General information of the programme
MCC Meili Group Co., Ltd is affiliated to China Metallurgical Group Corporation. It
is an enterprise group with 10 daughter companies and with the business expanding to
pulp making, paper making, manufacture of paper making machines and paper
making forest base development. It is one of 21 key enterprises and 7 super-large
enterprises in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region. In order to satisfy industrial policy
and improve both environmental benefit and economic benefit, MCC Meili Paper
planed to construct this Technical Renovation Programme on 68 Thousand Tons
Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp Extended Delignification Cooking and Clean Bleaching
of MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd based on its current production lines.
The proposed programme include a 200 t/dpulp making workshop, 320 t/d bleaching
section and a technical renovation section of 120 t/d pulp making closed screening to
2# pulp production line and 7000 m2 and evaporation section. The propose project is
located at northeast of Zhongshan Rouyuan Meili Paper Industrial Co., Ltd, at
Rouyuan Town, 7.5 km from the east of Zhongwei city, Ningxia autonomous Region.
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II. programme investment
The total investment of the program is 185.20 million RMB with construction
investment of 149.88 million RMB (including 117.60 million RMB bank loan and
32.28 million RMB raised by the enterprise) and current fund of 16.00 million RMB.
Capitalized interest during construction period is 19.32 million RMB.
III. Name and contact information of construction unit of proposed project
Name of construction unit: MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
Contact person: CHEN Guoxiang
Tel: 0955-7679340
Email陶[email protected]
IV: Name and contact information of unit undertaking EIA
Name of unit undertaking EIA陶Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light
Industry
Contact person: ZONG Yanyan
Tel: 010-68475827
Email陶[email protected]
V. working procedures and main contents of EIA
Working procedures: first, key assessment items is selected and individual assessment
work grade is determined according to requirements of the World Bank and relevant
national laws and regulations; and then conduct current environmental situation
investigation, pollution source investigation and engineering analysis of proposed
project; according to the requirements of the World Bank and national and local laws,
regulations and standards, assess the impact of project on environment, put forward
environmental protection measures and suggestion and provide clear assessment
conclusion and eventually finish the report.
main contents of EIA: general instruction, engineering analysis, environmental
situation in the region, assessment of current environmental quality, assessment of
environmental impact and prevention and treatment measures during construction
period, assessment of environmental impact and prevention and treatment measures
during operation period, environmental risk assessment, environmental economic
cost-benefit analysis, environmental management and supervision, public
participation and assessment conclusion.
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VI. Matters inviting public opinions
1. Opinions of the public on project construction
2. The environmental quality of the region where project is located
3. Opinions of the public on impact of major pollutants and other impacting factors
on nearby environment
4. The supporting situation of the public to project construction
5. Other reasonable suggestions
VII. Major approaches for the public to put forward opinions
Any opinions and suggested of the public on project construction can be sent to
construction unit or EIA unit through email or telephone.
VIII. Time of release
The time for this release is from August 1st to 12
th 2011.
MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
August 1st,2011
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Figure 17.2.1 photo of the first release (from the website of Zhongwei
Municipal Government (http://www.nxzw.gov.cn/)
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Table 17.2.2 List of information offered by the second release
This second release of EIA on Technical Renovation Programme on 68 Thousand Tons
Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp Extended Delignification Cooking and Clean Bleaching of MCC
Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
Environmental impact report of the proposed project is basically finished. According to the
provisions on “Temporary Measures of the Public Participation in Environmental Impact
Assessment” issued by SEPA (Huan Fa [2006] No. 28), the following information concerning
environmental protection shall be released to the public:
I. Summary of the proposed project
Name of programme: Technical Renovation Programme on 68 Thousand Tons Bleached Wheat
Straw Pulp Extended Delignification Cooking and Clean Bleaching of MCC Meili Paper Industry
Co., Ltd
Nature of programme: renovation and expansion
Name of construction unit: MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
Construction site: existing factory of MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd in Zhongwei city,
Ningxia Hui Automatons Region.
MCC Meili Group Co., Ltd is affiliated to China Metallurgical Group Corporation. It is an
enterprise group with 10 daughter companies and with the business expanding to pulp making,
paper making, manufacture of paper making machines and paper making forest base development.
It is one of 21 key enterprises and 7 super-large enterprises in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region. In
order to comply with industrial policy and improve both environmental benefit and economic
benefit, MCC Meili Paper planed to construct this Technical Renovation Programme on 68
Thousand Tons Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp Extended Delignification Cooking and Clean
Bleaching of MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd based on its current production lines.
The proposed programme include based on current 2# continuous cooking production line,
construct a new production line of 100t/d wheat straw pulp using dry and wet material preparation,
continuous cooking and closed screening, a new bleaching production line of 200 t/d, and renovate
2# pulp production line to closed screening and phase out 1# and 3# pulp production line. The final
production capacity of the programme is 68 Thousand Tons Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp. In
addition, a new five-effect evaporator (with the evaporation area of 7000 m
) shall be constructed in
alkali recovery workshop. The supporting project includes chlorine dioxide preparation station.
The propose project is located northeast of Zhongshan Rouyuan Meili Paper Industiral Co., Ltd, at
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Rouyuan Town, 7.5 km from the east of Zhongwei city, Ningxia autonomous Region.
II. Summary of the potential impact of proposed project on environment
1. impact on environment in construction period
Waste gas, waste water, noise, construction garbage and household garbage in construction period
may impose adverse impact on nearby environment.
2. impact on environment in operation period
(1) Waste water: waste water of proposed project is mainly waste water from production.
(2) Waste gas: Waste gas of proposed project is mainly smoke from alkali recovery furnace.
(3) Noise: the noise source of proposed project is mainlyfrom equipments, pump, air compressor
in production workshops with the noise level of 80陶90dB(A)
(4) SW: the SW after the completion of proposed project is the same with current project, which
include wheat straw scraps from material preparation workshop, pulp residue from pulp and
paper making workshop, white mud, green mud and lime residue from alkali recovery section,
and sludge from waste water treatment station.
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III. Countermeasures and measures to prevent or mitigate adverse environmental impact
1. construction period
(1) Waste water: construction unit shall set fixed place for equipment and vehicles washing and
repair and control free emission of washing water to prevent pollution to environment, and
water conservation is recommended.
(2) Dust: spray water regularly on equipment loading, unloading and transfer place; 4.
Transportation vehicles is prohibited to overload shall move at low speed or under limited
speed to reduce dust. Transportation roads in construction area shall be sprayed properly.
(3) Noise: equipments of low noise level and after noise reduction treatment shall be selected; keep
construction site and roads open; Transportation vehicles shall move at low speed and decrease
times of whistle after entering construction site; strictly follow the provisions in Noise limits
for Construction Site (GB12523-90).
(4) Construction garbage: equipment parts need to be dismantled and changed shall be stored,
treated in classes and recycled as much as possible; equipment package shall be stored
collectively and recycled by manufacturer or cleared regularly; household garbage shall be
recycled in classes and cleared every day, free discard is prohibited.
2. operation period
(1) Waster pollutants prevention and treatment measures
Production waste water and household waste water of proposed programme shall be sent to
existing waste water treatment station of MCC Meili Paper for treatment. The design treatment
capacity of this waste water treatment station is 60 thousand m3/d and its current treatment capacity
is 52096 m3/d. after the operation of proposed programme, the amount of waste water shall be
reduced by 39762 m3/d, and the amount of new waste water is 33177m
3/d, therefore the final waste
water amount of the whole factory is 45511 m3/d. The treated waste water meeting the
requirements for pulp and paper enterprise in table 2 of “Discharge standard of water pollutants for
pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008)
(pH6 9 CODCr90mg/L BOD520mg/L SS30mg/L) will enter oxidation pond and used for
irrigation of forest base and now water will emitted to surface water body.
(2) Air pollutants prevention and treatment measures
The proposed programme only increase s evaporation section on alkali recovery. After combustion
of black liqour and electronic precipitation of dust, the dust and SO2 at the outlet are able to meet
relevant requirement for level II of “Emission standard of air pollutants for industrial kiln and
furnace” (GB9078-1996), i.e. 200 mg/Nm3陶SO2 850 mg/Nm
3陶Water spraying device is equipped
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at coal yard to spray water on coal yard which can effectively reduce dust from coal.
(3) SW treatment/ disposal
SW of proposed programme includes: wheat straw scraps generated in Material preparation
workshop, pulp residues generated in pulp making section, white mud, green mud and a small
amount of lime residue generated in alkali recovery section, sludge generated in waste water
treatment station. Wheat straw scraps and dust is used as fertilizer; pulp residues of pulp making
section is recycled; white mud is comprehensively used as desulfurizer in power station; green mud
and lime residue is land-fille; sludge generated in waste water treatment station is used as fertilizer
in forest base.
(4) Noise prevention and treatment measures
Equipment with noise shall be installed in equipment room or separate room as much as possible,
and measures of shock reduction and sound insulation shall be taken.
IV. conclusions in EIA report
1. construction period
Environmental management and pollution control shall comply with the requirements in report and
the adverse impact during construction period can be controlled in permissible scope.
2. operation period
(1) Impact on air environment
a Under normal production condition, the hourly concentration of air pollutants such as
SO2, NO2emitted by proposed programme at major sensitive points are all within the limit
requirements for level II in “Ambient air quality standard” (GB3095-1996).
b The monitored sum of the largest contribution value of daily average concentration for
typical air pollutants such as SO2, NO2 all meet the limit requirements for level II in
Ambient air quality standard (GB3095-1996). The monitored value for PM10 is a little
more than the limit, but t is because of the high current value of the region.
c The contribution value of the pollution source to the long term average concentration of
SO2, NO2, PM10 on major sensitive points all meet the limit requirements for level II in
Ambient air quality standard (GB3095-1996).
d No situation of pollutant out of limit is found under abnormal production condition
(2) Impact on surface water environment
Waste water of proposed programme shall be sent to existing waste water treatment station for
treatment. The treated waste water meeting the requirements for pulp and paper enterprise in table
2 of “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008)
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(pH6 9 CODCr90mg/L BOD520mg/L SS30mg/L) will enter oxidation pond and used for
irrigation of forest base and now water will emitted to surface water body. The virtuous circle not
only mitigates the pressure of water resource of the Yellow River, but avoids pollution to the
Yellow River and improves enterprise’s economic benefit.
(3) Impact on underground water environment
The propose programme is located at the discharge area of underground water which is with good
pollution prevention performance and far away from regional drinking water source protection
area. Construction unit shall strictly comply with relevant national standard and technical
requirements and prepared good protection measure and emergency response plan, conduction in
accordance with design, thus the adverse impact on underground water in assessment area can be
controlled.
(4) Impact of SW
Proper disposal measures are taken to the SW generated by proposed programme to achieve zero
emission.
(5) Impact of noise
After noise prediction, the noise at the factory boundary after the completion of proposed project is
able to meet the requirements for level II in “Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at
boundary”(GB12348-2008) and the noise at the nearby sensitive points is able to meet the
requirements for level II in “Environmental quality standard for noise.”(GB3096-2008).
(6) General conclusion
The proposed project achieves clean production and pollutant emission after meeting relevant
requirements and control of pollutant emission under permissible scope through internal potential
explosion and renovation, and introduction of internationally advanced technique, technology and
equipments. If the proposed programme is constructed and implemented according to the
requirements of the EIA report, the programme is environmentally feasible.
V. Approach and time for the public to check simple version of EIA report
(1) Report check approach
The simple version of EIA report is placed in the meeting room at thte third floor of administration
building of MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
(2) Report check time
The public can require supplementary information in working hours within 10 working days after
the release (October 17th
to 28th
2011).
VI. Scope and matter inviting public opinions
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陶
(2) Scope inviting public opinions
The opinions and suggestion of the public on environmental protection such as the impact of
proposed project on environment and pollution prevention and treatment measures.
(3) Matter inviting public opinions
1) Current environmental situation near the programme, major environmental problems
2) What impact the construction of programme will impose on environment? Whether the
impact is in acceptable scope?
3) Do you support the construction of programme in consideration of environment?
4) What are your suggestions to this programme’s environmental protection?
5) Do you have any other suggestions?
VII. major mode of inviting public opinions
The public can contact construction unit or EIA agency entrusted by construction unit through
email, telephone, mail, etc or put forward oral opinions or submit written opinions.
VIII. The time for the public to put forward opinions
Within 10 working days after the release (October 17th
to 28th
2011). IX. contact information
Name of construction unit: MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
Contact person: CHEN Guoxiang
Tel: 0955-7679340
Email陶[email protected]
Name of unit undertaking EIA陶Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry
Contact person: ZONG Yanyan
Tel: 010-68475827
Email陶[email protected]
MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd
October 14th
,2011
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Figure 17.2.2 Photo of the Second Release (from the website of Zhongwei
Municipal Government (http://www.nxzw.gov.cn/)
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17.2.2 Formation of survey form and survey content
Refer to table 17.2.3 for the formation of survey form.
Table 17.2.3 Public Participation Survey Form on the EIA of Proposed
Programme
Information of the respondent:
Name: Gender: age: education background occupation:
Contact information陶 unit陶or residential address陶:
Project summary:
Technical Renovation Programme on 68 Thousand Tons Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp
Extended Delignification Cooking and Clean Bleaching of MCC Meili Paper Industry
Co., Ltd is located northeast of Zhongshan Rouyuan Meili Paper Industiral Co., Ltd,
at Rouyuan Town, 7.5 km from the east of Zhongwei city, Ningxia autonomous
Region. The construction unit is MCC Meili Group Co., Ltd who is affiliated to China
Metallurgical Group Corporation. It is an enterprise group with 10 daughter
companies and with the business expanding to pulp making, paper making,
manufacture of paper making machines and paper making forest base development. It
is one of 21 key enterprises and 7 super-large enterprises in Ningxia Hui Autonomous
region. In order to comply with national industrial policy and improve both
environmental benefit and economic benefit, MCC Meili Paper planed to replace
current 1 # and 3# pulp production line, 2# bleaching production line, construct a new
production line of 150t/d wheat straw pulp using dry and wet material preparation,
continuous cooking and closed screening, a new bleaching production line of 200 t/d.
In addition, a new five-effect evaporator (with the evaporation area of 7000 m
) shall
be constructed in alkali recovery workshop and construct a technical renovation
section of 120 t/d pulp making closed screening to 2# pulp production line. The
supporting project includes chlorine dioxide preparation station. The total investment
of the program is 185.20 million RMB with construction investment of 149.88 million
RMB (including 117.60 million RMB bank loan and 32.28 million RMB raised by the
enterprise) and current fund of 16.00 million RMB. Capitalized interest during
construction period is 19.32 million RMB.
After the completion of the proposed programme, waste water shall be sent to existing
waste water treatment station of MCC Meili Paper for treatment. The design treatment
capacity of this waste water treatment station is 60 thousand m3/d and its current
treatment capacity is 52096 m3/d. after the operation of proposed programme, the
3
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amount of waste water shall be reduced by 39762 m3/d, and the amount of new waste
water is 33177m3/d, therefore the final waste water amount of the whole factory is
45511 m3/d. The waste water after treated with preliminary sedimentation pool+
regulation pool +selection pool+ aeration pool+ secondary sedimentation pool+
coagulative precipitation pool and meeting the requirements for pulp and paper
enterprise in table 2 of “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper
making industry” (GB3544-2008)
(pH6 9 CODCr90mg/L BOD520mg/L SS30mg/L) will enter oxidation pond and
used for irrigation of forest base. The waste gas is mainly from alkali recovery
furnace, chlorine prepration workshop and fugitive waste gas. The treated waste gas
will meet the requirements of relevant standards. SW is properly disposed. The noise
at the factory boundary meet the requirements for level II in “Emission standard for
industrial enterprises noise at boundary”(GB12348-2008).
In order to achieve good environmental protection work, fully understand the local
environmental situation, improve the environmental protection awareness of the
public, now we invite you precious opinions on the following issues during the design
of the project. Your active participation will ensure our success.
I. project overview
1. Do you know about CC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd?
A. Yes B. Know a little C. No
2. Do you know about this “Technical Renovation Programme on 68 Thousand Tons
Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp Extended Delignification Cooking and Clean
Bleaching”?
A. Yes B. Know a little C. No
3. do you think the production scale of the project is proper?
A. Yes B. No C. not sure
II. local environmental quality
1. How do you think about the local air quality?
A. Very good B. Good C. Common D. Relatively poor E. Poor F. not sure
2. How do you think about the local water quality?
A. Very good B. Good C. Common D. Relatively poor E. Poor F. not sure
3. How do you think about the local sound quality?
A. Very good B. Good C. Common D. Relatively poor E. Poor F. not sure
4. Do you think what are the major environmental problems exist in the area?
A. Air pollution, B. Ocean pollution C. SW D. Noise pollution E. No pollution
III. impact of proposed project on environment
1. Do you think the project will impose impact on local air quality after operation?
A. No B. Yes, but acceptable C. Yes and unacceptable D. not care
2. Do you think the project will impose impact on local water quality after operation?
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A. No B. Yes, but acceptable C. Yes and unacceptable D. not care
3. Do you think the SW generated by this project will impose impact on environment
after operation?
A. No B. Yes, but acceptable C. Yes and unacceptable D. not care
4. Do you think the project will impose impact on local sound quality after operation?
A. No B. Yes, but acceptable C. Yes and unacceptable D. not care
5. What are the major impact aspect of the project after compeletion:
A. Air pollution, B. Ocean pollution C. SW D. Noise pollution E. No pollution
IV. social and economic impact of proposed project
1. What is the impact of the project construction on local economy and society?
A. Favorable impact B. Adverse impact C Benefit exceed harm D. Harm exceeds
benefit E. Not sure
2. To what degree does project construction influence your economic income?
A. Favorable impact B. Adverse impact C Benefit exceed harm D. Harm exceeds
benefit E. Not sure
3. To what degree does project construction influence your living quality?
A. Favorable impact B. Adverse impact C Benefit exceed harm D. Harm exceeds
benefit E. Not sure
V. Others
1. What is the relationship of the enterprise with the nearby residents?
A. Friendly B. Harmonious C common D Poor
2. Based on the above situation, do you support the construction of the project?
A Support B Conditional C. Support construction later D. Oppose E. Not sure
Specify reasons if you oppose:
VI. Opinions and suggestions
17.3 Survey Respondents
The survey respondents are residents living in the place influenced by the project,
including: workers, farmers, businessmen, teachers, etc.
17.4 Analysis of Survey Results
1. Number of survey forms issued and returned
Altogether 100 forms were issued and 100 were returned, with the return rate of 100%.
2. General information of public participant
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Refer to table 17.4.1 for the general information of public participant
Table 17.4.1 General Information of Public Participant
No. Name Number Percentage 陶%陶
1. Gender -- --
1 M 56 56
2 F 44 44
2. Education background
1 University and
college 4 4
2 technical secondary
school 3 3
3 Senior high school 30 30
4 Junior high school 53 53
5 Primary school 10 10
3. occupation
1 Worker 51 51
2 Businessman 5 5
3 Farmer 43 43
4 Students 1 1
Table 17.4.1 shows that there are 4 participants with the education background of
University and college, accounting for 4% of the total participants; 3 participants
with the education background of technical secondary school, accounting for 3% of
the total participants; 83 participants with the education background of Senior high
school and junio high school, accounting for 83% of the total participants; 10
participants with the education background of primary school, accounting for 10%
of the total participants.
Among the participants, there were 51 workers, accounting for 51% of the total
participants; there were 5 businessmen, accounting for 5% of the total participants;
there were 43 farmers, accounting for 43% of the total participants; there was 1
students, accounting for 1% of the total participants.
The majority of the participants are with certain education and has his own thinking
and analysis ability. The participants are holding various positions and able to
represent the local people. The returned survey forms have good social and
occupation representativeness, thus the returned survey forms are valid.
2. Statistic and analysis result
Refer to figure 17.4.1 for the statistic and analysis result.
Table 17.4.2 Survey Statistics Results of Public Participation 197 Pieces
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Survey contents Number of people percentage
I. project overview
Yes 32 32
Know a little 67 67 1. 1. Do you know about
the firm? No 1 1
Yes 2 2
Know a little 90 90
2 Do you know about
this project?
No 8 8
Yes 74 74
No 1 1
3. do you think the
production scale of the
project is proper? Not sure 25 25
II. local environmental quality
Very good 0 0
Good 18 18
Common 82 82
Relatively poor 0 0
1. How do you
think about the
local air quality?
Not sure 0 0
Very good 0 0
Good 19 19
Common 81 81
Relatively poor 0 0
2. How do you
think about the
local water quality?
Not sure 0 0
Very good 0 0
Good 21 21
Common 75 75
Relatively poor 3 3
3. How do you
think about the local
sound quality?
Not sure 1 1
Air 71 71
Surface water 14 14
Solid Waste 13 13
Noise 2 2
4. What are the main
environmental
problems of the
area? none 0 0
III. impact of proposed project on environment
No 1 1
Yes, but acceptable 97 97
Yes and
unacceptable
1 1
1. Do you think the
project will impose
impact on local air
quality after
operation? Not care 1 1
No 3 3
Yes, but acceptable 96 96
Yes and
unacceptable
0 0
2. Do you think the
project will impose
impact on local water
quality after
operation?
Not care 1 1
No 3 3 3. Do you think the
SW generated by this Yes, but acceptable 96 96
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Yes and
unacceptable
0 0 SW generated by this
project will impose
impact on environment
after operation?
Not care 1 1
No 37 37
Yes, but acceptable 63 63
Yes and
unacceptable
0 0
4. Do you think the
project will impose
impact on local sound
quality after
operation?
Not care 0 0
Air 63 63
Surface water 21 21
Solid Waste 9 9
Noise 5 5
5. What are the main
environmental
impactsd of the
project? None 2 2
IV. Social Economic Impact
Favorable impact 40 40
Adverse impact 14 14
Benefits > Costs 46 46
Costs > Benefit 0 0
1. To what degree
does the project affect
local economy? Not sure 0 0
Favorable impact 29 29
Adverse impact 11 11
Benefits > Costs 50 50
Costs > Benefit 0 0
2. To what degree
does project
construction influence
your economic
income? Not sure 10 10
Favorable impact 20 20
Adverse impact 9 9
Benefits > Costs 54 54
Costs > Benefit 0 0
2. To what degree
does project
construction influence
your living quality? Not sure 17 17
V. others
Friendly 0 0
Acceptable 51 51
Average 49 49
1. How do you
describe the
relationship between
the company and local
residents? Poor 0 0
Support 95 95
Conditional support 5 5
Support
construction later
0 0
Oppose 0 0
2. Based on the above
situation, do you
support the
construction of the
project? Not sure 0 0
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17.5 Sub-conclusion
There was no feedback from any working units and individuals to the first
and second online disclosures. Therefore, the conclusion is derived from the survey
results.
Altogether 100 forms were issued and 100 were returned, with the return rate
of 100%. Most respondents know about the project and support the construction of
the project. Most respondents believe that the project is helpful to the local
economic and social development. All respondents believe that the construction is
necessary for this project because the proposed project will offer more work
opportunities for local residents, lead the economic development of the enterprise
and bring good social and economic benefits. All respondents agreed that the
project would generate environmental impacts that are limited and acceptable to
them.
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18 Environmental Protection Management and
Monitoring Plan
Construction unit shall prepare corresponding environmental management system
plan, environmental monitoring plan, risk management plan, environmental
protection measure to ensure normal operation of environmental protection facilities
and pollutant emission after meeting relevant requirements, effectively prevent risk
accident, reducve loss of accident and minimized the harm of the programme on environment.
18.1 Environmental Protection Management System
Environmental management is to comply with and implement national and local
laws, regulations, policies and standards concerning environmental protection during
project construction period and operation period, accept the environmental
supervision of local environmental protection department, adjust and stipulate
environmental plan and goal, coordination relationship with other department and all
management acitivities concerning environmental improvement. Like plan
management, production management, technology management, quality
management, and other special management,, environmental management is a part
of enterprise management, guiding the implementation of environmental monitoring.
18.1.1Role of Environmental Protection Management Plan
Environmental protection management plan is a guiding document on environmental
protection management. The specific roles of environmental protection management
plan are:
1. Clarify environmental protection goal and environmental mitigation
measure
Zhongwei Municipal environmental protection bureau, EIA unit and design unit
conduct detailed onsite cheking and verification of environmental protection targets
and put forward effective environmental mitigation measures which are incorporated
in project design.
2. As guiding document
Environmental protection management plan will provide to construction supervision
unit, environmental supervision unit and other related units in text version after
examination and approval of the World Bank.
3. Clarify the responsibilities and roles of related units
Environmental protection management plan clarifies the responsibilities and roles of
related functional departments and management organization, put forward ways for
communication and echange between different department.
4. Determine the environmental protection monitoring planduring
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construction period and operation period
Environmental protection monitoring planduring construction period and operation
period in environmental protection management plan will ensure the effective
implementation of environmental mitigation measures and proper treatment of
emergency accident.
18.1.2 Management Organizations
The programme must set environmental management organizations to implement
leader responsibility system. Professional environmental management personnel
shall be designated to in charge of environmental supervision and management. And
environmental management people shall receive environmental protection training.
GM of MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd shall take the position of the first person
in charge of environmental protection and clean production, responsible for the
environmental management in the whole factory. Meanwhile, environmental
protection sub-factory affiliated to environmental protection management
department shall continue to be responsible for the coordination and contact with
higher level environmental protection department, overall environmental quality
protection work, normal running of environmental protection projects,
environmental protection management and environmental monitoring work
happened in technical renovation and project expansion process. Environmental
protection sub-factory designates specific management staffs for material
preparation section, cooking section and extraction and screening section, bleaching
section of pulp making system; closed screening technology renovation section of
2# pulp making system, evaporation section of alkali recover furnace, chlorine
dioxide preparation section, raw material storage yard, chemical storage warehouse,
finished products warehouse, heat and power station, waste water treatment station,
responsible for the supervision and checking of pollutant source control and
environmental protection facilities, which has been incorporated in environmental
management system of the enterprise. Refer to figure 18.1.1 and 18.1.2 for
organizations of environmental protection management and environmental
protection sub-factory.
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Figure: 18.1.1 Organizations of Environmental Protection Management
Figure 18.1.2 Organizations of Environmental Protection Sub-Factory.
In addition, current occupational disease prevention and treatment department shall
continue to be responsible for the management and leadership of occupational
disease prevention and treatment to ensure the orderly conduction of occupational
disease prevention and treatment work, protect the legal rights and interests of
staffs’ health, advance the sustainable development of enterprise economy, and
implement the social responsibility undertaken by the enterprise. This occupational
disease prevention and treatment department shall establish a leading group of
Leader responsible for
environmental management
2-3 people responsible for
environmental management
Assistanc
Personnel responsible for
environmental management
in all departments
(implementing
environmental management
Transfer environmental
management plan
Supervise implementation of
environmental protection
measures
Feedback of
implementation result
Manager of environmental protection sub-
Secretary of environmental protection sub-
Vice-Manager of
environmental protection
General engineer of
environmental protection sub-
Pollutant
generation
Pollutant
treatment
Material
department
Financial
department
General
office
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occupational disease prevention and treatment, with the members including leaders
of each functional department, managers, secretaries, workshop directors and leaders
in change of infirmary of each sub-factory. There shall be a general office under the
leading group, located at labor unit office and responsible for the daily work of
occupational disease prevention and treatment.
18.1.3 Functions of Environmental Protection Management
Environmental protection sub-factory is responsible for supervising and managing
the implementation of environmental protection measures of the whole programme,
undertaking the comprehensive responsibility for the regional environmental quality.
Environmental protection sub-factory needs to accept the supervision, inspection
and guidance of higher level environmental protection department. The specific
functions of environmental protection sub-factory of environmental management
include the following:
1. Responsible for all types of environmental protection work;
2. Implement laws, policies and standards concerning environmental
protection;
3. Stipulate and organize implementation of environmental protection plan;
4. Based on relevant national and local construction management
requirements and construction operation standards and in considering the
characteristics of the programme, stipulate environmental management rules for
construction, supervise the implementation of relevant rules, receive and solve the
opinions of nearby residents on environmental protection during construction period,
and to coordination with construction unit
5. Regularly supervise and check the running of environmental protection
facilities, lead the maintenance work of environmental protection facilities, such as
waste water treatment station, etc.
6. Organize the stipulation of rules and systems concerning environmental
protection and management, operation procedures of key pollution positions, and
supervise the implementation.
7. Organize professional and technical training on environmental
protection, and conduct regular education and propaganda on environmental
protection knowledge to improve the environmental protection awareness of staffs
and the consciousness of staffs to actively protect environment.
8. Participate in the programme inspection and acceptance on
environmental protection and investigation of environmental pollution accident.
9. Publicize the application of advanced technology and experience on
environmental protection.
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10. Undertake the environment monitoring task entrusted by higher level
department and relevant department; cooperate with other departments to solve the
environmental pollution accident of the programme.
11. Responsible for the environmental pollution analysis and decision in
accident state. If necessary, design unit and relevant expert shall be invited to
participate in the analysis and decision.
12. In addition to the environmental protection work of this programme, it
shall also accept the inspection and supervision of environmental protection
deparment and report the implementation situation of each environmental
management work.
18.1.4 Method of Environmental Protection management
(1) The guidelines of “three at the same time” must be implemented during
programme construction. Construction unit must ensure that the facilities
preventing pollution and other public hazard shall be designed, constructed and
put into operation at the same time with the main project. Upon the completion
of the programme, completion, inspection and acceptance report of specific
inspection and acceptance report with the content of environmental protection
shall be submitted to environmental protection department. The programme can
only be used after the inspection of environmental protection department.
(2) Declare and register pollutant emission to local environmental protection
department according to national and local provisions on environmental
protection. And pollutant shall be emitted based on distributed quotation after
approval of environmental protection department.
(3) Strengthen statistics of environmental monitoring data; establish complete
documents on pollution source and materials loss; strictly control the emission
amount of pollutants, ensure the pollutant emission indicator meet the design
requirements.
(4) Strengthen supervision and management of environmental protection facilities;
establish complete technical documents on running, maintenance and repair of
environmental protection facilities; strengthen technical training to operators of
environmental protection facilities; ensure normal running of environmental
protection facilities and continuous emission of pollutant after meeting
requirements.
(5) Strengthen monitoring of abnormal working situation such as operation start
and stop, and nearby environmental, stipulate effective measures to control
pollution expansion and prevent pollution accidents.
(6) Take requirements for environmental protection into consideration during the
stipulation of products standard, process documents and operation procedures.
(7) Conduct environmental education to improve the environmental awareness of
cadre and staff to enable active effort for environmental protection.
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(8) Incorporate environmental protection into position responsibility system and
uniform scoring, into production dispatch, to enable all departments to complete
environmental protection tasks through advance, check, praise, reward and
punish with administrative methods.
(9) Incorporate environmental management into overall plan of enterprise
management to achieve the goal of pollution reduction, energy conservation and
consumption reduction, and environmental protection through running and
continuous improvement of environmental management system, thus to improve
the environmental and economic benefit of the enterprise.
18.2 Environmental Protection Monitoring Plan and Capacity Building
Environmental monitoring is to collect, test sample of major pollutants, process
data prepare report during construction period and operation period, and respond the
all types of environmental problems. The preparation and implementation of
environmental monitoring plan is the basis of environmental management, which
can provide scientific basis for environmental statistics and environmental quantities
assessment. This plan can ensure the implementation and carrying out of all
pollution prevention and treatment measure, enable the timely discovery, correction,
and improvement of problems in environmental protection measures. There are 5-
fold environmental monitoring activities for the Meili Paper Mill.
a) The environmental analysis office of the Meili Mill, who carry out relgular
monitoring to serve operation and compliance purpose, including
wastewater COD and pH (1 time/4 hours), BOD and SS (1 time/month)
b) Online monitoring installed in the mill for water quality and air emissions.
c) Supervision monitoring regularly carried out by Zhongwei Environmental
Monitoring Station. The Zhongwei environmental monitoring station
carries out quarterly monitoring and provides results to the mill. The mill,
based on the monitoring results, will adjust or optimize its operation.
d) Independent Verification Monitoring (Dioxins) supported by the project.
e) Ad hoc monitoring such as the completion acceptance environmental
compliance monitoring
The mill has established an environmental protection branch to take overall
responsibility for environmental management and supervision. The environmental
protection branch is staffed with chief engineer, technical officer, technician to
conduct waste treatment and monitoring. Those parameters that the mill can not
make analysis are sampled and analyzed by ZHongwei Environmetnal Monitoring
Station. A dedicated lab for wastewater treatment process is in place. 4 dedicated
analysis staff are appointed.
The mill’s environmental staff attend national, regional and municipal level
professional training regularly. The mill’s environmental monitoring staff are
certified through training received from regional and municipal environmental
monitoring staff.
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During the 12th
-5 year period (2011-2015), the Meili mill will follow the national
and local environmental planning and requirements to install other needed online
monitoring facilities for water and air emissions.
18.2.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan
18.2.1.1 Environmental monitoring during construction period
Local Monitoring Station is entrusted to conduct environmental monitoring during
construction period, refer to table 18.2.1 for detailed environmental monitoring plan
during construction period.
Table 18.2.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction Period
Monitoring
type
Monitoring
content
Monitoring
position Monitoring item
Monitoring
frequency
Air
pollution
source
Raw material
storage yard,
construction site
TSP, dust Once half
a year
Water
pollution
source
Outlet of waste
water from
construction
pH, SS, COD,
BOD5, petroleum,
ammonia nitrogen
etc
Once half
a year
Pollution
source
monitoring
Noise
pollution
source
Near the equipment
in construction site
equivalent
continuous sound
level A
Once half
a year
Air quality Major air sensitive
areas note 1
TS, duct
Once half
a year
Environmental
quality
monitoring Sound
quality
Within 1m from
factory boundary,
Zhaojiashaofang,
Shimiao Village,
Xiangjia Village note
2
equivalent
continuous sound
level A
Once half
a year
Note: 1. the distance between Rouyuan Village, Shimiao Primary School, Jiaqu
Village, Zhaojiashaofang, Shimiao Village, Xiangjia Village and the factory
boundary are all within 1 m. 2. monitoring points out 1m from the factory boundary
is the same with that of current sound situation. Zhaojiashaofang, Shimiao Village,
Xiangjia Village are all sensitive points within 200m from the factory boundary. The
following texts refer to the same.
18.2.1.2 Environmental monitoring during operation period
Refer to table 18.2.2 for environmental monitoring plan during operation period.
The mill has installed continuous online wastewater and aie emission equipments
that can monitor wastewater flow rate, pH and COD; flue gas, PM, SO2 and NOx.
The clearing of SW is checked regularly by local environmental protection
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department. Other types of environmental monitoring all entrust local Monitoring
Station to conduct. Refer to the chapters of current situation monitoring for the
instruments used for non-supervised monitoring links.
Table 18.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan During Operation Period
Monitoring
type
Monitoring
content
Monitoring
position
Monitoring
item
Monitoring
frequency
Chimney note1
SO2, NO2,
dust
Once a
season
Air pollution
source Chimney SO2
Continuous
automatic
on-lie
monitoring
General outlet of
waste water
6 items
including pH note2
Outlet of workshop
or production
facility
AOX, dioxin
Once a
season Water
pollution
source
Inlet and outlet of
waste water
treatment station
Waste water
amount and
COD
Continuous
automatic
on-lie
monitoring
Material
preparation section
Wheat straw
scraps
Material
preparation section Dust
Pulp production
line Pulp residue
Causticization
section of alkali
recovery
White mud
Living of staffs Household
garbage
waste water
treatment station
Sludge in
waste water
treatment
station
Pollution
source
monitoring
Clearing of
SW
Green mud, lime
residue
Alkali
recovery workshop
Once a
month
Environmental
quality
monitoring
Air quality factory boundary
Concentration
of NH3, H2S,
odorous gas
Once half a
year
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Monitoring
type
Monitoring
content
Monitoring
position
Monitoring
item
Monitoring
frequency
Air sensitive areas
at downwind of
predominant wind
and nearby air
sensitive areas note 3
SO2, NO2,
TSP, PM10 Once a year
Underground
water quality
Shimiao Village at
the upstream of the
factory and Jiaqu
Village at the
downstream of the
factory, SW
storage yard,
oxidation pond,
raw material forest
base note 4
underground water
well
15 items
including pH note5
Once half a
year
Sound quality
Within 1m from
factory boundary,
Zhaojiashaofang,
Shimiao Village,
Xiangjia Village
equivalent
continuous
sound level A
Once half a
year
Note: 1. a chimney of circulating fluidized bed boiler and a chimney of alkali
recover furnace, the following texts refer to the same; 2. six items including pH,
COD, BOD5, SS, NH3-N, TP; 3. Rouyuan Village, Jiaqu Village, Zhaojiashaofang,
Shimiao Village, Xiangjia Village; 4. 3-5 underground water wells shall be set in
raw material forest base; 5. fifteen items including pH, sulphate, total hardness,
TDS, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, volatile phenol,
permanganate Index, fluoride, As, Hg, Cd, Cr VI, Fe, Mn, etc.
18.2.1.3Emergency monitoring and tracking monitoring
Emergency response plan shall include emergency monitoring procedures.
Emergency monitoring shall be started immediately in case of accident happened in
operation, and the migration of pollutants shall be tracked until the impact of
accident is eliminated completely. The monitoring instruments, equipments and
vehicles for major pollutants shall be prepared and be maintained in working
conditions. The emergency monitoring plan shall be stipulated and implemented
jointly with monitoring unit.
18.2.1.4 Monitoring facilities
Local Monitoring Station is entrusted to conduct regular monitoring.
Upon the competition of this programme, local Environmental Protection Bureau
shall supervise the implementation of environmental management and monitoring
plan.
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18.2.2 Completion and Inspection and Acceptance Monitoring for “Three at the same
time” on Environmental Protection of Construction Programme
The aim of inspection and acceptance for environmental protection is to supervise
the simultaneous putting into operation and use of environmental protection
facilities with the main projects, and implement other supporting environmental
protection measures. The inspection and acceptance scope is: environmental
protection facilities related to construction programme, including project,
equipment, device and monitoring measure constructed for pollution prevention and
treatment, supporting project, equipment, device and monitoring measure, all
ecological protection measures, environmental impact report and other
environmental protection measures taken according to relevant programme design
documents.
Before the commissioning of this programme, the commissioning can be conducted
after the approval of Ministry of Environmental Protection. This programme need to
apply for completion inspection and acceptance to Ministry of Environmental
Protection within three months after the starting data of commissioning according to
the stipulations in “Administration Measures of Inspection and Acceptance of the
Environmental Protection of the Finished Construction Projects” issued by Ministry
of Environmental Protection.
Refer to table 18.2.3 for the inspection and acceptance contents of inspection and
acceptance for “three at the same time” on environmental protection of construction
programme.
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Table 18.2.3 List of Inspection snd Acceptance for “Three at the Same Time” on Environmental Protection of Construction Programme
No.
Environmental protection
equipment and facility
Monitoring items for
inspection and acceptance
Position of monitoring points
for inspection and acceptance
Standard of monitoring for inspection and
acceptance
Contents for
checking
Waste water treatment amount /
pH, COD, BOD5, SS, NH3-N, TP, AOX, dioxin, etc
General outlet of waste water
treatment
station waste
eater outlet of workshop or production
facilities for AOX
and dioxin
Requirements for pulp and paper enterprise in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp
and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008)
NH3, H2S
waste water treatment station
Downwind of factory boundary
Requirement for new, renovated and expanded enterprise level II in table 1 of “Emission
standards for odor pollutants” (GB 14554-1993)
1 waste water
treatment station
(sludge room, sludge pump room, test room, sludge pool, regulation pool, preliminary sedimentation pool, aeration pool, secondary sedimentation pool, flocculation pool, waste water collection net,
odorous gas collection and treatment system)
Waste water amount / 2 oxidation pond pH, COD, BOD5, SS, NH3-N,
TP etc
Waste water outlet of oxidation pond /
Whether they are constructed in
accordance with the requirements of
three at the same
time
3 Precipitator and desulfuration
Concentration of SO2, NOX, PM10 in smoke
Outlet of chimney for boiler
the requirement for the third period in “Emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants” (GB13223-2003): Whether they are
constructed in
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No.
Environmental protection
equipment and facility
Monitoring items for inspection and acceptance
Position of monitoring points for inspection and
acceptance
Standard of monitoring for inspection and acceptance
Contents for checking
desulfuration facilities of circulating
fluidized bed boiler
Desulfuration efficiency and precipitation efficiency meet the designed requirements
Concentration of SO2, PM10 in smoke
Outlet of chimney alkali recover
furnace
Relevant requirement in table 2 and table 4 of “Emission standard of air pollutants for industrial
kiln and furnace” (GB9078-1996) 4
Precipitator and desulfuration
facilities of alkali recover furnace Desulfuration efficiency and precipitation efficiency meet the designed requirements
constructed in accordance with the
requirements of
three at the same
time
Equipment noise, noise reduction effect and
monitoring of noise at factory boundary
factory boundary level II in “Emission standard for industrial
enterprises noise at boundary”(GB12348-2008) 5
Sound elimination and shock
reduction measure for high noise
level equipment (silencer, and sound insulation room)
Whether they are constructed in
accordance with the requirements of
three at the same
time
6 Fugitive source Concentration of NH3, H2S,
odorous gas Downwind of
factory boundary
Requirement for new, renovated and expanded enterprise level II in table 1 of “Emission
standards for odor pollutants” (GB 14554-1993)
Whether the requirements are met
7 Risk prevention
facilities (hardening of factory, fire hydrate, automatic spraying fire-fighting system, etc)
Whether they are constructed in
accordance with the requirements of
three at the same
time
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No.
Environmental protection
equipment and facility
Monitoring items for inspection and acceptance
Position of monitoring points for inspection and
acceptance
Standard of monitoring for inspection and acceptance
Contents for checking
8 Underground
water seepage-proofing facility
pH, sulphate, total hardness, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen,
volatile phenol, permanganate
Index, fluoride, As, Hg, Cd, Cr VI, Fe, Mn, etc
Shimiao Village at the upstream of the factory and Jiaqu
Village at the downstream of the
factory, SW storage yard,
oxidation pond, underground water well (3-5 points) in raw material forest
base
Level III in “Quality standard for ground water” (GB/T 14848-93)
Whether they are constructed in
accordance with the requirements of
three at the same
time and
engineering provisions
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No.
Environmental protection
equipment and facility
Monitoring items for inspection and acceptance
Position of monitoring points for inspection and
acceptance
Standard of monitoring for inspection and acceptance
Contents for checking
1. Wheat straw scrap warehouse: the ground of closed warehouse storing wheat straw scrap and dust shall be overall poured with C30 Impermeable concrete, thus the closed area will not generate percolate for rain. And the garbage will be transferred by nearby farmers as fertilizer. 2 white mud (including small amount of green mud) warehouse: white mud (including small amount of green mud)of the factory shall be temporarily stored in half-closed warehouse whose ground is overall poured with C30 Impermeable concrete with the bottom laying soil impermeable membrane. The order for the clay is: concrete cushion (200mm), insolated layer, screed-coat (20mm), cushion layer (150mm), gravel bed
(500mm), plain fill, to ensure the coefficient of permeability less than 1.0×10-7cm/s and a closure shall be set at outside (500mm high). 3. White mud storage yard: the SW landfill yard of MCC Meili Paper is located at Mopan Mountain which is 12 km away from north of Zhenluo Town. There is a flood-proofing gutter of 2 m wide, 2 m deep at the south and north of causticized white mud airing yard. A vertical Impermeable Layer shall be set at the white mud yard: after finishing of the bottom, a clay layer of 300 mm thick shall be laid with a geotextile of 300g/m2 thick above, and another clay layer of 300 mm thick shall be set above the geotextile. Thus the coefficient of permeability can be less than 1.0×10-7cm/s, meeting the requirements in Standard for pollution control on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes”(GB 18599-2001). 4. Each factory building: each factory building is equipped with rain collection gutter inside and outside the building. The collected waste water will be
emitted after treated in waste water treatment station and meeting relevant requirements.
9 COD on-line
monitor /
General outlet of waste water
treatment station /
Whether the instrument passes
metrology accreditation?
10 SO2on-line
monitor /
Outlet of chimney of boiler and alkali
recover furnace
/ Whether the instrument passes
metrology
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No.
Environmental protection
equipment and facility
Monitoring items for inspection and acceptance
Position of monitoring points for inspection and
acceptance
Standard of monitoring for inspection and acceptance
Contents for checking
accreditation?
11 Afforest of
factory / / /
Whether they are constructed in accordance with the requirements of
three at the same
time
12 Standard signs at
waste outlet The sign plate shall be set at visible place near pollutant outlet (sample collection point) with the top of
the sign plate 2 m above the ground.
Whether they are constructed in accordance with the requirements of
three at the same
time
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18.2.3 Standard setting of outlet
18.2.3.1Waste water outlet
After the completion of the programme, the general outlet of waste water shall be
equipped with flow gauge with the function of sampling and monitoring. A
environmental protection sign plate shall be set at visible place near the general outlet.
The general outlet of waste water treatment station of current project is equipped with
JHC-IIIA online waste water monitor to conduct online monitoring of flow rate, pH
and COD.
18.2.3.2 Waste gas outlet
The sampling from chimney of boiler in heat and power station and alkali recover
furnace shall be easy. Environmental protection sign plate shall be set at visible place
on the ground near the chimney for the sampling port, sampling and monitoring
platform. The sampling and monitoring platform for chimney of boiler of current
project is equipped with ZE-CEM2000 online smoke monitor to conduct online
monitoring of flue gas, including PM, SO2 and NOx.
18.2.3.3 Fixed noise source
Noise monitoring points as well as sign plate shall be set at the place outside factory
where fixed noise source imposed the largest impact.
18.2.3.4 SW storage yard
As of SW, there shall be temporary storage place with loss prevention and seepage-
proofing measures and sign plate at the entrance.
18.2.3.5 Establishment of waste outlet record
The content in outlet record shall include number and position of waste outlet;
measuring method used by this outlet; source, type, concentration and measuring
record of emitted pollutant; emission destination; maintenance and update record, etc.
18.2.3.6 Requirements for the setting of sign plate
Environmental protection sign plate shall be made at specific place designated by
Ministry of Environmental Protection and purchased by local environmental
protection supervision department according to the programme pollutant emission
situation. The distribution figure of waste outlet shall be drawn by local
environmental protection supervision department.
The sign plate shall be set at visible place near pollutant outlet (sample collection
point) with the top of the sign plate 2 m above the ground. Plane sign plate is required
if there are buildings within 1 m from the waste outlet, and vertical sign plate required
if there are no buildings within 1 m from the waste outlet.
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Standard settings (such as sign plate and measuring device) of outlet are part of
Environmental protection facilities, which need regular maintenance and repair by
pollutant emission unit. No unit or individual is entitled to dismantle. If change is
really needed, the approval from local environmental protection supervision
department and change document shall be gained.
18.3 Environmental Protection Related Plans
18.3.1 Environmental Protection Training Plan
In order to ensure the successful and effective implementation of environmental
protection and management plan, relevant worker shall have good environmental
protection knowledge and technique. Therefore, staffs participating in programme
management and construction shall receive relevant environmental protection training
thus to ensure good implementation of all environmental protection measures.
Training methods include domestic training and overseas training according to the
management requirements and position. The training contents shall including the
following aspects.
1. Laws and regulations on environmental protection: relevant directors of
environmental protection sub-factory shall understand China’s legal system and
composition concerning environmental protection, environmental policies of the
World Bank, legal responsibilities stipulated by laws and regulations concerning
environmental protection, Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project
Environmental Protection, local regulations and rules concerning environmental
protection, local economic and social development plan. The directors shall know
laws and act according to laws.
2. Environmental monitoring: relevant directors of environmental protection
sub-factory shall understand environmental monitoring method; sampling standard
and method for water quality, air, and biology, analysis method and standard of
environmental parameters; requirements for data collection and analysis technology.
3. Waste water treatment technology: relevant directors of environmental
protection sub-factory shall understand waste water treatment technique, theory and
method; technology and method to maintain the normal running of waste water
treatment station; internal and domestic waste water treatment technology and
method.
4. Sludge treatment and disposal: relevant directors of environmental
protection sub-factory shall understand the sludge landfill treatment technology and
management method, method to treat percolate and biogas, matters needing attention
for maintain landfill yard safety and environmental protection.
5. Environmental accident treatment and response ability: relevant directors
of environmental protection sub-factory shall understand the happening theory,
preventing measures and method of environmental accident, as well as emergency
response measure in case of accident.
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6. Public participation and public contact: relevant directors of environmental
protection sub-factory shall understand the type and method for Public participation;
the importance of Public participation as well as the procedure of Public participation.
7. Pollution control and management during construction period: construction
contractor shall understand construction procedures and pollutant generating links,
measure to control pollution during construction period as well as management and
supervision measure.
8. The programme plans to organize relevant directors of environmental
protection sub-factory and construction contractor to take part in relevant training.
And relevant directors shall conduct regular internal training to all staffs participating
in programme management and construction.
18.3.2Budget of Training Expense
It is planned that the training is conducted once a month. Calculated with 20 thousand
RMB for one training, the total training expense for a year is 240 thousand RMB.
18.3.2Environmental Protection Information Exchange Plan
Different departments and different positions in environmental management
organization shall exchange necessary environmental protection information.
Meanwhile, the organization shall also report related necessary environmental
protection information to outside (related parties and the public). Internal information
exchange can be conducted as meetings and internal news, etc. But there must be one
official meeting and all exchanged information must he recorded and saved.External
information exchange can be conducted once half a year or a year. The information
exchange with cooperation agency shall form summary and be saved.
18.3.4 Environmental Protection Record Plan
For the purpose of effective operation of environmental management system,
enterprise must set up a complete record system and maintain the record of the
following aspects:
1) Requirements of laws, regulations and relevant standards;
2) License documents;
3) Environmental factors and relevant environmental impact and environmental
relief measures;
4) Training
5) Project construction progress;
6) Monitoring data;
7) Information about related parties;
8) Examination and approval;
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9) Review.
In addition, above record must be controlled necessarily, including label, collection,
catalogue, saving, storage, management, maintenance, search, saving period and
disposal of record
18.3.5 Environmental Protection Monitoring Plan
Refer to table 18.3.1 for environmental protection monitoring plan of this programme.
Table 8.3.1 Environmental Protection Monitoring Plan of this Programme
Stage Monitoring
Agency Monitoring Contents Monitoring Goal
Design stage
The World bank,
Zhongwei
Municpal
Government,
and Zhongwei
Environmental
Protection
Bureau
1. examining and
approving environmental
impact report 2. examining and
approving EMP.
1. ensure complete
assessment content,
theme setting
properly, and
notable focus 2. ensure all major
potential problems
were reflected 3. ensure there are
specific and
reliable
implementation
plan for mitigating
environmental
impact
Construction
stage
Zhongwei
Municpal
Government,
and Zhongwei
Environmental
Protection
Bureau
1. Examining and
approving the
preliminary design of
environmental
protection and EMP
2. Examining the recovery of temporarily occupied
area, vegetation
recovery and
environmental recovery
3. Examining measures to
control dust and noise
pollution and
determining
construction time
4. Examining emission of air pollutants
5. Examining treatment
and emission of
household waste water
and waste water
containing oil
6. Treatment of waste earth
1. strictly comply with
“three at the same
time”
2. ensure the
temporarily
occupied area meet
the requirements of
environmental
protection
3. reduce the impact
of construction on
nearby environment
and implement laws
and standards
concerning
environmental
protection
4. ensure the river
water is not
polluted
5. ensure that the
landscape and land
resource are not
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Stage Monitoring
Agency Monitoring Contents Monitoring Goal
7. Exchanging information
with the public and
inviting public opinions
seriously damaged
and prevent water
and soil loss.
Operation
stage
Zhongwei
Environmental
Protection
Bureau and
Public Security
and Fire-fighting
Department of
Zhongwei
Municipality
1. Examining the
implementation of EPA
during operation period
2. Examining the
implementation of
environmental
monitoring plan
3. Determining the sensitive points needs
further environmental
protection measures
4. Examining whether the
environmental quality in
sensitive area meet the
requirement of relevant
standards
5. Strengthen supervision
to prevent accidents, prepare emergency
response plan to ensure
that the danger can be
eliminated in case of
accident.
1. Implement EMA
2. Implement
environmental
monitoring plan
3. Actually protect
environment
4. Strengthen
environmental
management,
ensure human
health
5. Ensure the
reasonable
emission of waste
water
18.4 Risk Management Plan
18.4.1 Risk Management Plan During Constructio Pierod
18.4.1.1Analysis of safety risk during constructio pierod
The safety risks during constructio pierod maily come from dismantabling and
transferring of current waste and old equipment and facilities, earth work, physical
hazard and mechamical safety druing construction, and intallation and commissioning
of equipment and facilities. To the specific, they include the drop, movement, turning
and break of dismantled waste equipments and facilities as well as constructing
equipments and facilities, crash and falling of people when transporting dismantled
waste equipments and facilities and operating equipments and facilities
18.4.1.2 Safety risk prevetion and treatment measures during constructio pierod
(1) Install platform receiving dropped articles on passageways and under conveyer.
(2) The walking surface shall be water-proofing and retains no water.
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(3) Install handrail on the channel near the constructing equipments and facilities or
at high level. The lines for vehicles and people shall be clearly marked.
(4) For moving equipment, overturn prevention measures shall be taken.
(5) Stipulate the work procedures on crane not lift heavy articles above human head.
(6) For moving equipment parts (such as the involving points of chain and chain
sprocket of conveyer; rotary drum, conveying belt, pulley and roller of conveyer;
rotary drum of paper making machine, and feed belt of grinder), safety protection
device or interlock device which can prevent workers form contact these moving
parts shall be installed
(7) During equipment maintenance, cleaning or repairing, equipment must be turned
off and locked out.
(8) Conduct training to operators on safe use of construction equipments.
(9) Reasonably arrange the dismantling procedures to reduce the possibility of
damage of broken fragments on human beings.
(10) Regularly check and maintain construction equipments to prevent the failure of
equipments.
(11) The transportation line for dismantled equipments and facilities shall be clearly
defined and the vehicles entry and leaving shall be closed controlled.
(12) the temporary storage yard for dismantled equipments and facilities shall be
equipped with shelter, chain and other device preventing dismantled equipments
and facilities from falling.
18.4.2 Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management Plan during Operation
Period
Occupational health and safety shall be considered as a part of comprehensive hazard
or risk assessment, including HAZID, HAZOP and other risk assessment and
research. The research results shall be used in formulation and implementation of
health and safety management plan, design of safety work system, and preparation
and exchange of safety operation. The issues related to occupational health and safety
in pulp and paper industry include: chemical hazard, physical hazard, wood dust,
biological agent, heat, space limitation, noise, and radiation.
18.4.2.1 Chemica hazard
Pulp and paper industry may use and generate many chemical substances, which may
impose adverse impact on workers’ health and safety. These chemical substances
include:
(1) Gas—such as reduced sulfur compounds (sulphate pulp making), sulfur oxide
compound which are mainly referred to sulfur dioxide (sulphate pulp making),
chlorine, chlorine dioxide, terpene, and other volatile organic compound and
oxide.
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(2) Liquid—include sodium hydroxide and other corrosive substance, acid such as
sulfuric acid, cooking by-product such as turpentine, sodium hypochlorite, water
solution of chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, biocide, additive of paper
making, dissolvent, dye and cement.
(3) Solid—include sodium chlorate, sodium sulfate, lime, calcium carbonate, dust
and stone wool (used for insulation).
The following measures are recommended to taken in order to prevent, control or
minimize the potential impact of chemical substance on workers’ health and safety.
(1) Use mechanical pulp and paper making work as much as possible, thus operators
can finish operation in control room without potential chemical hazard and other
health and safety hazards; effective process control can also minimize the use of
bleached and other chemicals.
(2) Provide engineering control. For example, automatic valve of cooking boiler
cover; immediate gas exhaustion of batch digester and blow boiler which can
exhaust gas in the boiler; impose of negative pressure on recovery furnace and
acidification tower for sulphurous acid and sulfur dioxide to prevent gas leakage;
ventilation of fully closed or partly closed cover of cooking room; sealing or
ventilation of lime conveyer, lifter and storage framework; preparation of special
exhaust machine for closed cover of canopy of each bleaching tower and washer;
closed cover for paper sample dryer.
(3) Continuous gas detectors with alarming apparatus shall be installed in the place
with potential leaked or generated hazardous gas, such as chemical recovery
furnace, chlorine storage area, chlorine dioxide generator and bleaching area, etc.
provide respirators for emergency evacuation to all workers, contractors and
visitors in above areas.
(4) Update data base of all chemicals used and generated in the factory, including
data concerning hazards, poisonous substances and biological substances.
(5) Identify and prevent chemical reaction which may lead to generation of
hazardous gas and other substance (for example, the mixture of waste liquid of
sulphite and sulfuric acid may generate hydrogen sulfide). All chemical
substances used or generated shall be checked to find whether it may react with
other chemical substances in the facilities.
(6) All chemicals shall be labeled, packaged and stored in accordance with national
and international certified requirements and standards.
(7) During the production halt period, staffs of contractor party, including
maintenance staff shall stay in factory. The staffs staying in factory shall receive
relevant training and comply with safety procedures, including protection
equipment and chemicals treatment.
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(8) The workers contacting or treating chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorate
shall receive relevant training. Wet out the spilled sodium chlorate and keep
polluted clothes in certain humidity before washing.
(9) Avoid bleaching with element chlorine.
(10) Use water-base ink or dye (other than solvent ink and dye).
(11) Keep sulfur storage box clean and with accumulation of sulfur.
(12) Prepare check and maintenance plan to check the problem such as leakage and
equipment failure.
18.4.2.2 Physical hazard
Serious physical hazard are generally cause by the poor implementation of system of
LOTO. It is suggested to take the following measures to prevent, reduce and control
common physical damage (such as damage happened in transportation, drop and
material disposal).
(1) Install platform receiving dropped articles on passageways and under conveyer.
(2) Immediately clear the overflowed articles.
(3) The walking surface shall be water-proofing and retains no water.
(4) Install handrail on the channel near the constructing equipments and facilities or
at high level. The lines for vehicles and people shall be clearly marked.
(5) For moving equipment, overturn prevention measures shall be taken.
(6) Stipulate the work procedures on crane not lift heavy articles above human head.
18.4.2.3 Mechnical safety
For pulp making factory use wood processing machines such as wood peeling
machine and chipping machine which may cause serious injury, it is suggested to take
the following measures to prevent, reduce and control the potential damage caused by
wood processing machines such as wood peeling machine and chipping machine.
(1) For moving equipment parts (such as the involving points of chain and chain
sprocket of conveyer; rotary drum, conveying belt, pulley and roller of conveyer;
rotary drum of paper making machine, and feed belt of grinder), safety protection
device or interlock device which can prevent workers form contact these moving
parts shall be installed.
(2) During equipment maintenance, cleaning or repairing, equipment must be turned
off and locked out.
(3) Conduct training to operators on safe use of equipments such as wood peeling
machine and chipping machine.
(4) Reasonably arrange working platform to reduce the possibility of damage of
broken fragments on human beings.
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(5) Regularly check and maintain construction equipments to prevent the failure of
equipments.
(6) All operators of cutting and chipping equipment shall ware eye protection tools
and other personal protection tools if necessary.
18.4.2.4 Treatment of log
For pulp making factory, logs are unloaded from train or heavy truck and stacked by
machine, and then sent to log conveyer and log platform waiting for being processed.
In log yard, vehicles may cause serious injury of human being. In addition, rolling
down of log and drop of log from equipments and stacks may also cause people
injury. Thus it is suggested to take the following measures to prevent, reduce and
control damage in log yard.
(1) Stipulate and comply safe operation rules for unloading log, converted timber and
wood chip.
(2) The complete mechanization of operation in the log yard can reduce the contact
of people with log during the log unloading and stacking process.
(3) The transportation lines in log yard shall be clearly defined, and vehicle
movement shall be closely controlled.
(4) The height of log stack shall not exceed the safety height stipulated in risk
assessment which takes into consideration of the specific situation of log yard,
including log stack method.
(5) Access to the log yard is not allowed without permission.
(6) Log mill dell shall be equipped with shelter, chain and other device to prevent log
from rolling or dropping from mill dell.
(7) Workers shall receive training concerning log stacking and safe operation in mill
dell area, including how to prevent log from dropping, and planned evacuation
lines.
(8) Provide workers with iron protection boots, protection helmet and conspicuous
jacket.
(9) All moving equipment shall be equipped with overturn sound alarm.
18.4.2.5 Wood dust
In wood processing (such as half automatic wood chipping machine) area of pulp
making factory, contact with sawmilling dust in operation is an inevitable problem.
And in paper making factory, the contact with wood fiber dust is also a problem. And
wood fiber dust is a fire hazard. Thus it is suggested to take the following measures to
prevent, reduce and control damage cause by wood dust.
(1) Insolate wood saw, grinder, dust collector, chip conveyer and install ventilation
equipment.
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(2) Consider the sealing of chip storage area.
(3) Avoid the use of compressed air to clear wood dust and waste paper.
(4) Insolate areas unloading, weighing and mixing dry and dusty addictive or using
liquid addictive and install ventilation equipment.
(5) Regularly check and clear dusty area to reduce the possibility to contract wood
dust.
18.4.2.6 Biological agent
Biological articles include microorganisms such as bacteria, fungus and virus and part
of them are pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms may grow in closed loop
system of paper making equipment, biological treatment workshop and water cooling
tower of waste water. Thus it is suggested to take the following measures to prevent,
reduce and control damage cause by microorganisms.
(1) The design of biological treatment workshop shall be helpful to the reduction of
pathogenic microorganism growth.
(2) Bacteriacide shall be used during the process of water cooling, pulp making and
paper making to minimize the growth of pathogenic microorganism.
18.4.2.7 Heat
There are many high-temperature or high-pressure processes in pulp making factory
(including pulp cooking, recycling of pulp making chemicals, lime production and
paper drying process). The measures to prevent, reduce and control the contact with
heat in pulp making and paper making factory are:
(1) Provide control room with air conditioning equipment in working areas such as
wood preparation, pulp making, bleaching and paper making.
(2) Plan the schedule of work in heat area to ensure the worker can adapt to the
temperature and have rest time.
(3) Automatically remove the smell in chemical recycling furnace and provide good
protection clothes for workers who may contact hot melting or high-temperature
material.
(4) Implement safety procedures; reduce risks of explosion of hot melting articles and
water. Hot melting articles shall be transferred at certain speed. Recycling boiler
shall be repaired to prevent water leakage from boiler wall. In case of signs of
water leakage are found, chemical recycling boiler shall be turned off
immediately.
(5) Consider the use of mobile equipments and keep operation area closed and air-
conditioned.
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18.4.2.8 Noise
Wood peeling machine in pulp making factory and paper making machine in paper
making factory are two major noise sources. But the other production processes also
generate noise. As we have mentioned above, the use of control room is an effective
noise control measure.
18.4.2.9 Radiation
Some measuring instruments (especially in paper making factory) contains radioactive
substance. Though the instruments containing radioactive substance are sealed, but
people may be exposed to radioactive substance if the instruments are damaged or
repaired. The design and utility of these instruments shall comply with relevant
national requirement, international certified occupational and/or ionizing radiation
natural exposure standards such as “International Basic Safety Standards for
Protection against Ionizing Radiation and the Safety of Radiation Sources” and the
18.5 Measures to Mitigate Environmental Impact
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18.5.1 Measures to Mitigate Environmental Impact in Design Stage
Table 18.5*1 Measures to mitigate environmental impact in design stage
Activity impact Measures Constru
ction party
Supervis
ion party
Monitori
ng party
Pulp making bleaching Water
pollution Apply ECF bleaching technology
MCC Meili Paper
/ /
Waste water emitted from waste water treatment station
Water pollution
Treated with preliminary sedimentation pool+ regulation pool +selection pool+ aeration pool+ secondary sedimentation
pool+ coagulative precipitation pool
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental Protecti
on Bureau
Monitoring
Station
Final emission of waste water Water
pollution
Waste water emitted from waste water treatment station after
meeting the requirements in GB 3544-2001 “Discharge
standard of water pollutants for paper making industry” shall enter oxidation pond for the Forest Base irrigation .
MCC Meili
Paper
Environmental Protecti
on Bureau
Monitoring
Station
Emission of smoke from alkali furnace
Air pollution
Current alkali recovery system is equipped with three alkali liquor furnace, the dust in the smoke from 1 # and 2# alkali
recovery furnace is removed through 3-electric field, and the dust in the smoke from 3# alkali recovery furnace is removed
through spraying, washing and water film method.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental Protecti
on Bureau
Monitoring
Station
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Activity impact Measures Constru
ction party
Supervis
ion party
Monitori
ng party
Emission of dust of wheat straw Air
pollution
The dust is removed through railroad precipitator, wheat straw
and dust enter duct collection room for temporary storage and are sent to the forest base of MCC Meili Forest Development
Co., Ltd for comprehensive utility.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental Protecti
on Bureau
/
Emission of waste gas from chlorine dioxide preparation
workshop
Air pollution
This technical renovation programme used R8 to produce chlorine dioxide, the process is simple; the equipments are mature, easy to operation and regulate. The tail gas after
washing in chlorine dioxide absorption tower is little. And
nearly no pollutants will be generated during preparation process.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental Protecti
on Bureau
/
Fugitive emission of waste gas Air
pollution The coal in the factory is stored outdoor, and the measure of
spraying is conducted to prevent dust in coal yard.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental Protecti
on Bureau
/
Wheat straw scraps generated in Material preparation workshop, pulp residues generated in pulp
making section, white mud, green mud and a small amount of lime
residue generated in alkali recovery section, sludge generated in waste
water treatment station
SW (Solid waste)
pollution
Wheat straw scraps and dust is used as fertilizer; pulp residues is used in paper making workshop; white mud is temporarily
stored in SW storage yard and planned to be used as desulfurizer; green mud and lime residue is land-filled, household waste is transported by environmental health
department; sludge generated in waste water treatment station is used as fertilizer in forest base.
MCC Meili Paper
Environ
mental Protecti
on Bureau
/
The operation of equipments generating noise such as chaff-
Noise Pollution
1. equipments with low noise level shall be used to reduce noise from the source; assign equipments with noise
MCC Meili
Environmental
Monitoring
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Activity impact Measures Constru
ction party
Supervis
ion party
Monitori
ng party
cutter, grass chopper, pump and millstone in material preparation
section
reasonably, separate low noise area from high noise area; place equipment with high noise level away from office area and
residential area to reduce the impact of noise. 2. Strengthen the maintenance of mechanical equipment, and take sound insulation and sound-proofing measures on mechanical
equipments as major noise sources. Install silencer on air hoses
according to the spectral characteristics of noise. For key noise sources like air blower room, se noise elimination measure such as noise insulation room or green belt noise insulation screen can be taken under the condition without influencing
operation. For pumps or electrical machines, shock absorption measures shall be taken. 3. the noise control in workshop shall
refer to the allowable noise level standard of special workshops to select equipments or change working time.
Sound insulation operation room can be set up when conditions permit. Workers working in high noise level
environment shall wear necessary protection tools and reduce working hours according to stipulation of labor protection standards. 4. Submersible sewage pump shall be used for waste water pump and sludge pump. 5. Transportation of
sludge shall comply with specified transportation lines and time to reduce the impact of transportation noise on area near transportation lines. 6. green belts shall be set in factory or at
factory boundary. Plant broad-leave tree species at factory boundary and increase the height of factory wall thus to reduce
noise.
Paper Protection
Bureau
Station
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18.5.2 Measures to Mitigate Environmental Impact in Construction Period
Table 18.5.2 Measures to Mitigate Environmental Impact in Construction Period
Activity impact Measures
Constructio
n party
Super
vision party
Monitor
ing party
Dust from dismantling and transportation of waste or old equipments and facilities, site
smoothing and clearing, piling, excavation and backfill of earth and
stone, road pouring, movement of construction equipments, loading and unloading, transportation and storage of contraction materials, tail gas from all types of mechanical equipments and transportation vehicles; volatile
gas from the painting and coating used in construction period
Dust, tail gas, volatile
gas
1. during dismantling and transportation of waste or old equipments and facilities, land excavation and drilling, water shall be sprayed at dry land of dismantling, excavation and drilling area to maintain certain humidity; during earth and stone backfill, water shall be sprayed at dry surface earth to prevent
dust during backfill operation. 2. Transport waste such as soil in time, solid road surface and spray regularly. 3. the vehicles transporting construction materials and dismantled waste such as lime, cement, earth and stone, construction garbage and dismantled waste shall be in good conditions, be covered tightly with canvas, be loaded too fully thus to ensure no dropping during transportation. Closed tank truck shall be used to transport dry cement to cement storage warehouse through closed system. 4. Transportation vehicles is prohibited to overload shall move at low speed or under limited speed to
reduce dust. Transportation roads in construction area shall be cleaned and washed in time. 5. Regularly wash the wheel and under-pan of vehicles to reduce the soil left on land. The soil left on land during transportation shall be cleared in time to prevent
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental
Protection
Bureau
Monitoring
Station
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Activity impact Measures
Constructio
n party
Super
vision party
Monitor
ing party
much dust in road and thus reduce the dust during vehicles transportation. 6. use semi-finished products, finished products such as commercial concert, commercial (wet) cement and pre-cast cement parts as much as possible, reduce use of dry cement, reduce the use and storage of coarse materials (sand, cement,
etc) easy to generate dust. 7. Avoid outdoor storage of materials easy to generate dust. Concrete mixing plant shall be set indoor. Cement and other fine particle materials shall be stored in warehouse or covered tightly. 8. it is suggested that closed construction method is used and set screen at the construction boundary which not only prevent the entry of irrelevant people, but play the role of noise insulation, dust prevention and reducing visual pollution. 9. in case of weather with 4
th scale
wind or above, dismantling and excavation work shall be stopped. 10. Strengthen the maintenance of mechanical
equipments and vehicles, do not use poor fuel, ensure no black smoke of incomplete combusted is emitted and tail gas is emitted after meeting requirements. 11. Construction unit and unit undertaking the project shall assign necessary full-time or part-time environmental protection supervisor, responsible for supervising the implementation of air pollution prevention and treatment measures, and properly solveing problems in time.
Dismantling,earth and stone work, foundation, structure and fitment, etc
Noise 1. set the fixed noise sources with noise level above 80dB(A) such as air compressor, electronic saw in room and the room’s sound insulation effect shall be better than 15dB(A). For those
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Environmental
Monitoring
Station
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Activity impact Measures
Constructio
n party
Super
vision party
Monitor
ing party
must set outdoor, temporary sound insulation room or sound insulation screen shall be set. 2. work such as transportation of construction materials and construction waste, excavation, piling, land clearing, pneumatic pick shall be done at day, a screen of 6-8 m shall be set at the construction boundary to
reduce noise., and hard material shall be used at the outside of the screen. 3. only work of low noise level such as lifting shall be done at night. The use of pile driver, soil shifter, excavator. If continuous operation is needed for special reasons, approval from government department shall be gained in advance. 4. Avoid many motive power machines working at the same construction site thus to avoid high sound level in certain part. 5. When conditions permit, equipment of high noise level shall be set far away from sensitive areas (especially Xiangjiazhuang in Jiaqu Village closely near at the southeast of the programm).
6. Use the exist buildings in the factory as sound screen to reduce noise. 7. Equipment of low noise level shall be selected as much as possible, for example, use hydraulic machines to replace fuel machines, use high-frequency vibrator. 8. Fix mechanical equipments and earth excavating and transporting machines such as excavator and soil shifter. Noise can be reduced by silencer at exhaust pipe and insulating the vibrating parts of motor. 9. The noise level of equipment may be increased for the vibration of loose parts or damage of silencer, thus motive power machines shall be regularly maintained and
repaired. 10. Unused equipment shall be turned off in time to
Protection
Bureau
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Activity impact Measures
Constructio
n party
Super
vision party
Monitor
ing party
reduce the working time of noise sources. 11. Transportation vehicles shall move at low speed and decrease times of whistle after entering construction site. 12. Mechanical equipment as noise sources shall be operated according to operation procedures to reduce noise generated by faulty operation. 13.
Replace the whistle, clock, and flute with modern communication equipment to command work. 14. sound insulation screen shall be set at northwest of Xiangjiazhuang in Jiaqu Village, east of Zhaojia Shaofang in Shimiao Village, north of programme boundary, and south of Shimiao Village to minimize the adverse impact of construction noise on nearby sensitive points. 15. Optimize construction plan, reasonably arrange construction time, thus to minimize the adverse impact of construction noise. At the stage of programme tendering and bidding, the measures to reduce noise pollution shall be set as
the design content and clarified in contract. 16. Construction unit and unit undertaking the project shall assign necessary full-time or part-time environmental protection supervisor, responsible for supervising the implementation of noise pollution prevention and treatment measures, properly solving problems in time and cooperating local environmental protection departments in their law enforcement work.
Household waste water of construction workers, waste water containing
sludge generated from washing of transportation vehicles, waste water
Waste water
1. Waste discharge pipeline shall be prepared before
construction; household waste water of construction workers
after treated in Digestion tank and waste water generated from
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental
Protec
Monitoring
Station
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Activity impact Measures
Constructio
n party
Super
vision party
Monitor
ing party
transportation vehicles, waste water containing sludge generated from
washing of stored construction materials by rain, waste water
containing oil generated from leakage
of construction mechanical equipment, waste water containing oil generated from washing of outdoor mechanical
equipment by rain.
construction work after treated in sedimentation pool shall enter
waste water treatment station through prepared waste discharge
pipeline for treatment. Waste water shall not run without control
and is prohibited to emitted to water bodies such as Yellow
River. 2. Mechanical equipment and transportation vehicles
shall not be washed in construction area and shall be covered
with canvas in case of rain. 3. Maintain mechanical equipment
regularly to minimize the possibility of leakage. 4. Construction
unit and unit undertaking the project shall assign necessary full-
time or part-time environmental protection supervisor,
responsible for supervising the implementation of waste water
pollution prevention and treatment measures.
Protection
Bureau
SW from dismantling and waste earth and stone in building project, metal
waste from installation, waste cement, brick, lime and sand during
construction, household waste of construction workers such as kitchen waste, waste water bottle and daily
waste in office area.
Construction
garbage and
household
garbage
1. The land get and fill are equal, the waste earth and stone can be filled or poured in road. 2. Construction and household waste
shall be cleared in time, freely discard and storage is not allowed. 3. Temporary closed garbage station shall be set in construction area and be cleared in time. 4. Metal waste from dismantling and installation, waste cement, brick, lime and sand during construction, equipment package shall be sent to relevant department for recycling. 5. Household waste during construction period shall be treated separated by environmental protection department and shall not be mixed with construction
MCC Meili
Paper
Environme
ntal Protection
Bureau
/
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Activity impact Measures
Constructio
n party
Super
vision party
Monitor
ing party
garbage. 6. waste in digestion tank shall be cleared regularly to avoid polluting environment. 7. Minimize the pollution of leaked oil to soil. 8. Construction unit and unit undertaking the project shall assign necessary full-time or part-time environmental protection supervisor, responsible for supervising the
implementation of SW pollution prevention and treatment measures.
Change of natural feature caused by
excavation of earth and stone project, damage of natural and artificial
vegetation on surface, water and soil loss, degradation of soil fertility,
damage of natural landscape
Ecolog
y
1. strictly comply with “three the same time” system in “Law of Water and Soil Conservation” , i.e. water and soil conservation facilities shall be to designed, constructed and finished at the same time with main project. 2. Strengthen the protection of water and soil conservation facilities such as land surface and vegetation. Do not discard waste residue and soil freely. 3. Close and beautify construction area, enclose the buildings in structure period to decrease visual pollution. 4. Avoid earth and stone excavation work in rainy season to reduce water and soil loss. 5. Plant trees after construction to recover landscape.
MCC
Meili Paper
Envir
onmental
Protection
Bureau
/
Trucks are needed to transport dismantled waste equipments and SW
during construction from construction site and transport cement, stone, lime, earth and brick needed for construction to construction site
traffic 1. Reasonably arrange transportation time, avoid heavy transportation work at traffic peak. 2. Special entrance and exit
for transportation vehicles shall be set and special traffic supervisor shall be assigned to command traffic.
MCC Meili
Paper
Transportati
on department
/
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18.5.3 Measures to Mitigate Environmental Impact in Operation Period
Table 18.5.3 Measures To Mitigate Environmental Impact In Operation Period
Activity impact Measures
Constructio
n party
Supervision party
Monitoring
party
Emission of waste water Water pollutio
n
waste water of proposed programme shall be treated in waste water treatment station with preliminary sedimentation pool+
regulation pool +selection pool+ aeration pool+ secondary sedimentation pool method. Waste water emitted from waste water treatment station after meeting the requirements in GB 3544-2001 “Discharge standard of water pollutants for paper
making industry” shall enter oxidation pond for the Forest Base irrigation.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental
Protection
Bureau
Monitoring
Station
Emission of smoke from alkali furnace Air pollutio
n
Current alkali recovery system is equipped with three alkali liquor furnace, the dust in the smoke from 1 # and 2# alkali
recovery furnace is removed through 3-electric field, and the
dust in the smoke from 3# alkali recovery furnace is removed through spraying, washing and water film method. Both dust and emitted SO2 from the outlet of furnaces meet the requirements for level II in “Emission standard of air pollutants for industrial
kiln and furnace” (GB9078-1996)
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental
Protection
Bureau
Monitoring
Station
Emission of dust from wheat straw scraps
Air pollutio
n
The dust is removed through railroad precipitator, wheat straw and dust enter duct collection room for temporary storage and are sent to the forest base of MCC Meili Forest Development
Co., Ltd for comprehensive utility.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental
Protec
/
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Activity impact Measures
Constructio
n party
Super
vision party
Monitor
ing party
tion Burea
u
Emission of waste gas from chlorine dioxide preparation workshop
Air pollutio
n
This technical renovation programme used R8 to produce chlorine dioxide, the process is simple; the equipments are
mature, easy to operation and regulate. The tail gas after washing in chlorine dioxide absorption tower is little. And nearly no
pollutants will be generated during preparation process.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental
Protection
Bureau
/
Fugitive emission of waste gas Air pollutio
n
The coal in the factory is stored outdoor, and the measure of spraying is conducted to prevent dust in coal yard.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental
Protection
Bureau
/
Wheat straw scraps generated in material preparation workshop, pulp residues generated in pulp making
section, white mud, green mud and a small amount of lime residue
generated in alkali recovery section,
sludge generated in waste water treatment station
SW pollutio
n
Wheat straw scraps and dust is used as fertilizer; pulp residues is used in paper making workshop; white mud is temporarily stored in SW storage yard and planned to be used as desulfurizer; green
mud and lime residue is land-filled, household waste is transported by environmental health department; sludge
generated in waste water treatment station is used as fertilizer in
forest base.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental
Protection
Burea
u
/
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Activity impact Measures
Constructio
n party
Super
vision party
Monitor
ing party
The operation of equipments generating noise such as chaff-cutter, grass chopper, pump and millstone in
material preparation section
Noise pollutio
n
1. equipments with low noise level shall be used to reduce noise from the source; assign equipments with noise reasonably, separate low noise area from high noise area; place equipment with high noise level away from office area and residential area to reduce the impact of noise. 2. Strengthen the maintenance of
mechanical equipment, and take sound insulation and sound-proofing measures on mechanical equipments as major noise sources. Install silencer on air hoses according to the spectral characteristics of noise. For key noise sources like air blower room, se noise elimination measure such as noise insulation room or green belt noise insulation screen can be taken under the condition without influencing operation. For pumps or electrical machines, shock absorption measures shall be taken. 3. the noise control in workshop shall refer to the allowable noise level standard of special workshops to select equipments or change
working time. Sound insulation operation room can be set up when conditions permit. Workers working in high noise level environment shall wear necessary protection tools and reduce working hours according to stipulation of labor protection standards. 4. Submersible sewage pump shall be used for waste water pump and sludge pump. 5. Transportation of sludge shall comply with specified transportation lines and time to reduce the impact of transportation noise on area near transportation lines. 6. green belts shall be set in factory or at factory boundary. Plant broad-leave tree species at factory boundary and increase the
height of factory wall thus to reduce noise.
MCC Meili Paper
Environmental
Protection
Bureau
Monitoring
Station
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18.6 Investment In Environmental Protection
Refer to table 18.6.1 for the situation of investment in environmental protection of
current projects.
Table 18.6.1 Comparison and Analysis of the Percentage of Investment in
Environmental Protection in Total Investment Unit: 10 Thousand RMB
Department Asset
Investment in
Environmental
Protection
Total
Investment Percentage
Power station Three electrical
precipitator 2212.0 330133.9 0.67%
Alkali
recovery
workshop
Alkali recovery system 9218.5 330133.9 2.79%
Waste water
treatment
system
Medium water treatment
system 7313.8 330133.9 2.22%
White water
recovery and
treatment
system
White water recovery 534.8 330133.9 0.16%
/
comprehensive waste
water treatment of forest
base, oxidation pond
11882.5 330133.9 3.60%
Power station Desulfurition 1400.0 330133.9 0.42%
Subtotal 32561.7 330133.9 9.86%
Refer to table 18.6.2 and 18.6.3 for investment in environmental protection of
proposed project during construction period and operation period.
Table 18.6.2 Estimation of Investment in Environmental Protection of Proposed Project
During Construction Period
NO. ITEM
AMOUNT 10
THOUSAND
RMB
1 Dust treatment system 10
2 Waste water treatment system 20
3 Noise reduction facility 10
4 Underground waste water gutter 10
5 Facility to prevent risks during waste and old facility
dismantling 20
6 Facility to collect and transfer SW 20
7 Afforest in construction area 10
Total 100
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Table 18.6.3 Estimation of Investment in Environmental Protection of Proposed Project
During Operation Period
NO. ITEM
AMOUNT
(10 THOUSAND
RMB
Roll precipitator, hydraulic grass
grinder 50
Rain spraying waste gas recycling
device 100
Treatment of smoke from alkali furnace 150 1
Waste gas
treatment
Tail gas washing system and risk
prevention facilities in chemical
preparation workshop
30
Add a evaporator of 7000m2 1398
Grass washing water treatment facility 200
Emergency pool for black liquor 10 2 Waste water
treatment Renovation of Waste water treatment
system 1800
3 SW treatment Closed temporary storage yard for green
mud, etc 10
4 Noise treatment Shock reduction and sound insulation 20
5 Afforest in factory 20
6 Environmental protection lab and environmental
monitoring instrument and equipment 100
Total 3888
19 Assessment Conclusion and Suggestion
19.1 Conclusion
19.1.1 Analysis of Compliance with Policy And Plan
The proposed programme belongs to “Encourage Type” in the “Guiding Catalogue
of Industrial Structure Adjustment (2011)”— “development and application of ECF
and TCF chemical Pulp bleaching technique”. In addition, “Strategic research and
plan for paper industry development of Ningxia Autonomous region” points out
“Ningxia is located at the irrigation area of the Yellow River and its irrigating
farming is advanced. The area can produce 800 thousand tons wheat straw each
year. If calculated with utility rate of 50%, there are 400 thousand tons wheat straw
can be used for paper making, which provide sufficient grass fiber raw material for
paper industry”. This plan also points to “further utilize wheat straw source, develop
and expand paper making material base of fast-growing frees and shrub wood,
expand waste paper recycling and reusing, develop and cultivate new plant materials
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for paper industry.” The proposed programme uses wheat straw as raw material to
produce bleached wheat straw pulp with the annual output of 68 thousand tons,
which comlies with requirements of relevant plan.
Moreover, this propgramme comply with social and economic development plan,
urban overall plan, land utility plan, environmental protection plan of Zhongwei
City and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and its site selection is reasonable.
19.1.2 Project Overview and Situation of Pollutant Emission
(1) The total investment of the program is 185.20 million RMB. The annual output
of the programme is 68 thousand tons bleached wheat straw pulp. Major projects
include: construction of a new production line of 150t/d wheat straw pulp using
dry and wet material preparation, continuous cooking and closed screening, a
new bleaching production line of 200 t/d. In addition, a new five-effect
evaporator (with the evaporation area of 7000 m
) shall be constructed in alkali
recovery workshop and construct a technical renovation section of 120 t/d pulp
making closed screening to 2# pulp production line. The supporting project
includes chlorine dioxide preparation station.
(2) After the completion of proposed programme, the final waste water amount of
the whole factory is 45511 m3/d treated with preliminary sedimentation pool+
Hydrolytic Acidification+ regulation pool +selection pool+ aeration pool+
secondary sedimentation pool+ coagulative precipitation pool + filtering pool +
biological aeration pool. The emitted water meeting the requirements of
“Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry”
(GB3544-2008) will enter oxidation pond for agricultural irrigation .
The waste gas sources of proposed programme are smoke of alkali recovery furnace.
The electronic precipitation treatment can reach the precipitation efficiency of 98%.
Both dust and emitted SO2 from the outlet of furnaces meet the requirements in
table 2 of “Emission standard of air pollutants for industrial kiln and furnace”
(GB9078-1996), i.e. dust 200mg/m3陶SO2850 mg/m
3
The proposed program will generate 38254.6/a SW, including wheat straw scraps
from material preparation workshop, pulp residue from pulp and paper making
workshop, white mud, green mud and lime residue from alkali recovery section, and
sludge from waste water treatment station.
The noise level new equipment of high noise level of proposed program is between
65-100dB.
19.1.3 Current Environmental Quality
(1) According to the monitoring of the hourly concentration and daily concentration
of air pollutants of SO2, NO2, and daily concentration of TSP and PM10 for
consecutive seven days from August 18th
to 24th
2011, the concentration of both
SO2 and NO2 meet the requirements for level II in “Ambient air quality standard”
(GB3095-1996). The concentration of is TSP and PM10 out of the limit, but it is
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because of weather condition and ground dust. The fugitive emission of NH3 and
H2S meet the requirements in relevant standards.
(2) According to the monitoring of regular water quality of the section of
downstream of the Yellow River from 2010 to the first half of 2011, the
monitored value of all factors of Zhongwei Section all meet the requirement for
level III of “Environmental quality standards for surface water” (GB 3838 —
2002).
(3) According to the monitoring of underground water near proposed programme
from August 11th
to 12th
2011, the quality of water from each monitoring well all
meet the requirements for level III in “Quality standard for ground water” (GB/T
14848-93).
(4) According to the monitoring of noise near proposed programme from August
20th
to 21st 2011, the measured value of noise at day from monitoring points at
the factory boundary is 56.5dB(A)-67.5dB(A) and the measured value of noise at
night is from 46.8dB(A)-64.9dB(A). the measured value at night at the north of
factory boundary are out of the limit for level II in “Emission standard for
industrial enterprises noise at boundary”(GB12348-2008). The major reason for
that is the north of factory boundary is close to S201 Weining Road and the
measured value is greatly influencede by noise from the traffic. The measured
value of the other factory boundary all meet the requirement for level II in
“Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary”(GB12348-
2008). The measured values of noise at day from each sensitive point all meet the
requirements for level II in “Environmental quality standard for noise.”(GB3096-
2008).
19.1.4 Analysis of Impact on Environment During Construction Period
Waste water, waster gas, noise and SW during construction period will impose some
impact on environment. The construction activity will also impose some adverse
impact on ecological environment and transportation near the programme, but this
impact is temporary. As long as construction unit well organize construction work
(such as labor, construction progress and construction management), strictly follow
relevant measures, strengthen protection to sensitive target and residents of each
towns and villages, the construction will not impose remarkable adverse impact on
environment and transportation near the programme.
19.1.5prediction and assessment of impact on environment
1. Air environment
(a) after the operation of project, the largest contribution value of hourly average
concentration of new source of NO2 SO2 under largest ground hourly
weather conditions account for 5.8% and 2.4% of the standard limit
respectively. The largest accumulative hourly concentration value of new
source of NO2 SO2 on each air protection targets account for 15.8% and
15.4% of the standard limit respectively. Both accumulative value and
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background value are within the limits of relevant standards.
(b) After the operation of project, the largest contribution value of daily average
concentration of new source of NO2, SO2 and PM10 under largest ground
daily weather conditions account for 2.2%, 1.4% and 1.5% of the standard
limit respectively. The largest accumulative daily concentration value of new
source of NO2, SO2 and PM10 on each air protection targets account for
22.0% 44.2% and 120.8% of the standard limit respectively. The reason for
background value of PM10 out of limit is that the area is located near
Tengger Desert where is dry and windy with low vegetation coverage rate,
thus the impact from ground dust is large.
(c) After the operation of project, the largest contribution value of daily average
concentration of new source of NO2, SO2 and PM10 under largest ground
daily weather conditions account for 0.41%, 0.46% and 0.30% of the
standard limit respectively. All of them are within limits of relevant
standards.
(d) In case of failure of the precipitation equipment of alkali recovery surnace,
the assessment is using the value of three times more than the daily average
value of PM10, the largest concentration contribution value at the point
accounts for 28.9% of the standard limit, and the largest contribution value
of hourly average concentration at air protection targets account for 20.2% of
the standard limit. Both of them are within limits of relevant standards.
(e) After accumulation, the largest contribution value of daily average
concentration of constructing pollution source of NO2, SO2 and PM10 at air
protection targets account for 7.7%, 2.1% and 1.6% of the standard limit
respectively. The daily concentration value NO2, SO2 and PM10 after the
accumulation of with background value account for 23.5%, 44.5% and
121.0% of the standard limit respectively. All of them are within limits of
relevant standards. The reason for background value of PM10 out of limit is
that the area is located near Tengger Desert where is dry and windy with low
vegetation coverage rate, thus the impact from ground dust is large.
(f) After accumulation, the largest contribution value of daily average
concentration of constructing pollution source of NO2, SO2 and PM10 at air
protection targets account for 1.7%, 0.8% and 0.4% of the standard limit
respectively. All of them are within limits of relevant standards.
(g) After the accumulation with constructing pollution source and “negative
accumulation” with pollution reduction source, the contribution value of SO2
is positive at some places and negative at other places, which shows that
new, the background value of SO2 concentration at air pollution targets
under the combined effect of new pollution source, constructing pollution
source, and pollution reduction source is decreased and air quality is
improved certainly. The largest concentration value after “negative
accumulation” is 0.0005mg/m3, accounting for only 0.31% of the standard
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limit. All of them are within limits of relevant standards. Thus it imposes
little impact.
(h) After the accumulation with constructing pollution source and “negative
accumulation” with pollution reduction source, the contribution value of
PM10 is positive at some places and negative at other places,, which shows
that new, the background value of PM10 concentration at air pollution
targets under the combined effect of new pollution source, constructing
pollution source, and pollution reduction source is decreased and air quality
is improved certainly. The largest concentration value after “negative
accumulation” is 0.0017 mg/m3, accounting for only 1.13% of the standard
limit. All of them are within limits of relevant standards. Thus it imposes
little impact.
(i) Fugitive gas emission protection zone is not required for this programme.
The sanitary protection zone of fugitive emission for regulation pool and
sludge dehyadration room is 100m and no sensitive points such as residential
area is allowed in corresponding protection area. Collective populated points
such as residential area, shopping malls and school are prohibited to
construct within sanitary protection zone.
(j) In summary, the air pollutants of proposed programme impose little impact
on assessment area and each sensitive points.
2. Surface water
Waste water from the factory shall be used for irrigation of forest base. It reduce
water utility amount of 18 million m3from the Yellow river, mitigating the pressure
of water resource of the Yellow River, which not only saving water of the Yellow
river, but reduced the water source cost. This also prevent waste water after meeting
relevant standard from flowing directly to the Yellow river, reduce pollution to the
Yellow river. After mixing with river from the Yellow river, the waste water is used
for irrigation of forest base of 300 thousand Mu. And the growth of forest base
improves local ecology, plays the role of preventing wind and fixing sand, thus to
achieve virtuous circle.
3. Underground water
The phreatic water of area where the proposed programme is located is mainly
supplied to: 34% is supplied to farming irrigation, 37% is supplied to canal seepage,
2% is supplied to atmospheric precipitation, 27% is supplied to side runoff. The
forth gutter runs through the area where the proposed programme is located. Now
MCC Meili Paper has stopped to emit to the forth gutter. The waste water after
treated in internal waste water treatment station will enter oxidation pond and used
for irrigation of forest base.
The analysis shows that the major approach of impact of proposed programme on
underground water is the pollution of atmospheric precipitation on underground
water, the approach of impact on confined water is the indirect pollution of upper
level polluted phreatic water on confined water.
The water of current project all from deep underground well, with the daily water
taking amount of 59696m3 . after the completion of proposed programme, the daily
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water taking amount will be reduced to 49891m3. Meanwhile, both emitted waste
water amount and emitted pollutant amount will be reduced largely, thus the impact
on regional underground water will be reduced.
4. Sound
The proposed programme imposes no impact on sound environmental of each
factory boundary and sensitive points. On the basis that the current noise level
meeting relevant requirements, after the operation of the proposed programme, the
noise level at the factory boundary can meet the requirements for level II in
“Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary”(GB12348-2008).
And the noise level at each sensitive point can meet the requirements for level II in
in “Environmental quality standard for noise.”(GB3096-2008).
5. SW
The SW of proposed programme will be properly disposed, thus the SW generated
by the programme imposes little impact on nearby environment.
19.1.6 Environment Risk Assessment
Base on hazard identification, the proposed programme involves no major hazardous
installation. The risk factors include the leakage of hazardous chemicals, accidental
emission of pollutants, fire and explosion accident caused by flammable and
explosive substances and devices. The taking of effective risk prevention measures
will minimize the impact of risk accidents.
19.1.7 Clean Production Assessment
The proposed programme uses techniques of dry and wet material preparation,
continuous cooking, multi-sectional back-current washing, fully closed pressure
screening and ECF bleaching. With the application of above clean production
techniques, except that the water reuse rate is level III in “Cleaner production standard. –Production of bleached soda straw pulp, paper industry” (HJ/T339-2007),
the other indicators all reach national and international level. Through
environmental management, the clean production level of this programme can
exceed national level and reach international level.
19.1.8 Pollution Prevention and Treatment Countermeasures and Measures
(1) The waste water of proposed programme will be sent to renovated waste water
treatment station treated with preliminary sedimentation pool+ Hydrolytic
Acidification+ regulation pool +selection pool+ aeration pool+ secondary
sedimentation pool+ coagulative precipitation pool + filtering pool + biological
aeration pool. The emitted water meeting the requirements of “Discharge standard
of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008) will enter
oxidation pond for agricultural irrigation.
(2) The proposed programme uses electronic precipitation treatment for smoke of
alkali recovery furnace with the precipitation efficiency reaching 98%. Both dust
and emitted SO2 from the outlet of furnaces meet the requirements for level II of
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“Emission standard of air pollutants for industrial kiln and furnace” (GB9078-
1996), i.e. dust 200mg/m3陶SO2850 mg/m
3
(3) The basic principle for noise control is to take shock reduction, sound insulation
and sound elimination measure to decrease impact of noise. The noise at the
factory boundary meet the requirements for level II in “Emission standard for
industrial enterprises noise at boundary” (GB12348-2008).
(4) The SW after the completion of proposed project is the same with current project,
which include wheat straw scraps from material preparation workshop, pulp
residue from pulp and paper making workshop, white mud, green mud and lime
residue from alkali recovery section, and sludge from waste water treatment
station. Improperly treated SW will also impose pollution on environment. Proper
disposal measures are taken to the SW generated by proposed programme to
achieve zero emission. The waste active carbon generated in production process is
recycled by manufacturer.
19.1.9 Control of Total Amount of Pollutants
Compared with current pollutants amount emitted, the emission amount of major
pollutants will be reduced to certain degree after the completion of proposed
programme. The reduced amounts are陶 COD 5210.37t/a, ammonia nitrogen
59.16t/a陶SO2 38.03t/a, and oxynitride 46.84t/a.
19.1.10 Environmental and Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis
After the completion of proposed programme, the annual cost of the product will be
242.86 million RMB, the annul sales revenue will be 275.4157 million RMB, with
annual sales tax of 15.6142 million RMB and annual total tax of 24.1771 million
RMB. The pretax FIRR (Financial Internal Rate of Return) will reach 19% which
shows good profitability. The analysis index of sinking ability is good with good
sinking ability, making it easy to gain the loan support from lending institution. The
BEP (Break-Even Point) is low which is only 70%. The proposed programme has
good risk resistance capacity. The cash inflow exceeds cash outflow for each year
during calculation period which shows good financial viability. Above analysis
shows that this programme has good economic benefit and risk resistance capacity.
After the operation of this programme, the environmental benefit of reconstructed
and expanded projects calculated based on the difference of reduced air pollutants
and water pollutant of current projects and newly increased air pollutants and water
pollutant of proposed project is at least 3.319 million RMB/a.
19.1.11 Public Participation
The proposed programme was release to the public for two times. Altogether 100
forms were issued and 100 were returned, with the return rate of 100 %. Most
respondents know about the project and support the construction of the project. Most
respondents believe that the project is helpful to the local economic and social
development. All respondents believe that it is necessary to construction this project,
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because the proposed project will offer more work opportunities for local residents,
lead the economic development of the enterprise and Yongning County and bring
good social and economic benefit.
In summary, the proposed project achieves clean production and pollutant emission
after meeting relevant requirements and control of pollutant emission under
permissible scope through internal potential explosion and renovation, and
introduction of internationally advanced technique, technology and equipments. If
the proposed programme is constructed and implemented according to the
requirements of the EIA report, the programme is environmentally feasible.
19.2 Suggestions
It is suggested that the enterprise shall implement the measures of “leading the old
technology with the new technology” put forward in report during the construction
of the project to realize emission after meeting relevant requirement, and achieve
“increase of production and decrease of pollutant” for waste water and major water
pollutants.
Ningxia Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment
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