BY: - CHINMAY PANDYA
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
AUTOMATION
SENSOR
PLC
INSTALLATION OF PLC
PROGRAMMING IN PLC
SCADA
APPLICATION OF PLC
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES AUTOMATION
INTRODUCTION• HISTORY: - INTRODUCED IN YEAR- 1968 By Richard Morley for General Motors. PURPOSE- To Remove the hard wiring control circuit in vehicles.
Programmable
Logic
Control
A PLC is a digital computer is used for automation of typically
industrial electro-mechanical processes. Such as control of
machinery on factory assembly line
AUTOMATION: -• Automation: - Automatic ControlAutomation is automatic control, is use of various control system for operating equipment such as machines.
• TOOLS OF AUTOMATION: -1. FIELD DEVICE CONTROL
2. HARDWARE
3. SOFTWARE
FIELD DEVICE CONTROL1. SENSOR
2. SWITCHES
3. MOTOR
4. RELAYS
SOFTWARE1. HMI2. MMI3. SCADA4. MATLAB
TOOLS OF AUTOMATION
HARDWARE: -1. MICRO-CONTROLLER
2. CNC
3. PLC
AUTOMATION IN MIXING PLANT WORKING OF MIXING PLANT• Plant will start or stop by two inputs.• Pump 1 will work for a pre defined time
period.• Same as above pump 2 will work for a
predefined time period after pump 1 stop working.
• Then the mixer blade will rotate for a time period which is feed to the program.
• The valve remain close during the process as above. And after the mixing operation it get opened and drain out the chemical of container.
• pump 3 is operates with valve and pump out the chemical
SENSOR
• Work of sensor in automation is to provide the inputs to PLC.
• This are one kind of transducer which use to convert the non-electrical quantity
to electrical quantity.
• In different kind of conditions we use particular sensor to sense the signal
Sensor’s in PLC• Pressure Sensor
• Temperature Sensor
• Light Sensor
• Humidity Sensor
• Water level Sensor
PRESSURE SENSOR• It is use to measure the pressure of a
liquid or gas in a closed container.• It is a kind of transducer which is use to
convert the pressure of liquid or gas in terms of electrical signal or digital signal. Temperature Sensor
• Use to measure the temperature of the surface of any material.
• Convert the heat signal into electrical signal.
• This is an transducer which is use to sense the high temperature.
LIGHT SENSOR• It is use to sense the intensity of light.• Normally it can be a kind of LDR or can
be photovoltaic cell.• Different kind of light sensors can be use
for various spectrum of light like ultraviolet, infrared, or visible.
Humidity Sensor• It is use to sense the presence of water droplets
in atmosphere.• Mainly uses in industries to keep the machines
and chemical processes unaffected by counting the humidity. If the humidity level cross the limit then required action will be taken by the teem of engineers.
WATER LEVEL SENSOR
• It is mainly use in chemical plant or in food industries.• It is use to sense the level (distance) of fluid.• This is distance sensor.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROL
• A PLC is consist of mainly four parts.
1. INPUT
2. PROCESSOR & MEMORY
3. PROGRAMMING DEVICE INTERFACE
4. OUTPUT
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PLC
• PLC HARDWARE
RACK ARRANGEMENT IN PLC
PROGRAMMING IN PLC• Mainly we use ladder logic language to make programming more
easy.• We can also use Boolean language for programming.
Example of Ladder Language
• LOGIC GATE OPERATION BY LADDER
LOGIC
• TIMERS AND COUNTERS IN PROGRAMMING
Timers:-1. On-delay timer2. Off-delay timer
Counters:-1. Up-counter2. Down-counter
SCADA
SUPERVISORY
CONTROL
AND
DATA
ACQUISITION
A HUMAN CAN OBSERVE WHOLE PROCESS ON VISUAL GRAPHICS SCREEN & ABLE TO CONTROL IT
SUPERVISOR IS ABLE TO COLLECT THE DATA WHICH IS SHOWN ON THE
SCREEN
SYMBOLS USE IN SCADA
• ADVANTAGES OF SCADA
1. TIME SAVING
2. COLLECTION OF DATA IS EASY
3. EASY TO OBSERVE WHOLE PROCESS WHICH IS GOING ON.
4. IMPROVE THE FLEXIBILITY OF PROCESS.
APPLICATION OF PLC1. In production line of industrial unit.
2. Automatic doors.
3. Assembly line of automobile industry.
4. Powder coating and coloring of vehicles.
5. Home automation.
6. In Shopping Mall’s at billing counter.
7. Escalators in airport’s and shopping malls.
ADVANTAGES OF PLC
1. INCREASE CONSISTENCY.2. HIGH ACCURACY AND PRICISION.3. REDUCE MAN POWER.4. IMPROVE PRODUCTION RATE.5. REDUCE THE DANGER OF ACCIDENTAL SITUATION FOR
HUMAN.6. FAST OPERATION AND CONTROL.7. REDUCE COMPLEXITY.
DISADVANTAGE OF AUTOMATION
1. SECURITY THREATS
2. HIGH INITIAL COST
3. TECHNICAL LIMITATION
4. SKILLED PERSON REQUIRED FOR OPERATION.
THANK YOU